WO2021214828A1 - 選択装置、選択方法、および選択プログラム - Google Patents
選択装置、選択方法、および選択プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021214828A1 WO2021214828A1 PCT/JP2020/017045 JP2020017045W WO2021214828A1 WO 2021214828 A1 WO2021214828 A1 WO 2021214828A1 JP 2020017045 W JP2020017045 W JP 2020017045W WO 2021214828 A1 WO2021214828 A1 WO 2021214828A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/08—Auctions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a selection device, a selection method, and a selection program.
- a TTC (Top Trading Cycle) algorithm is used to obtain a good other than a good that has a lower desired order than the good owned by the user without deteriorating the state of any of the users. Identify the only combination that will be assigned.
- TTC Topic Trading Cycle
- the present application has been made in view of the above, and aims to efficiently derive a combination that can satisfy each user as a combination of economic agents that exchange goods.
- the selection device includes an acquisition unit that acquires preference information indicating a good that is evaluated to be preferable to a good owned by each user among the goods owned by each user, which is expressed by a plurality of users, and the preference. Based on the information, a specific unit that specifies a combination for exchanging goods between the plurality of users, and when a plurality of combinations are specified by the specific unit, each user's preference for other goods. It is characterized by having a selection unit that selects any combination from the plurality of combinations by a TTC (Top Trading Cycle) algorithm based on the order of.
- TTC Topic Trading Cycle
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a selection process executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a concept of processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which the information providing device according to the embodiment generates preference information from priority information.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which the information providing device according to the embodiment identifies a candidate for an exchange combination.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of exchange combination candidates.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process of selecting an exchange combination using the TTC algorithm.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a selection process executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a concept of processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of information registered in the goods information database according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of information registered in the buffer database 32 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of selection processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of selection processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a mode in which the terminal device according to the embodiment adds information to the blockchain.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration.
- the selection device according to the present application, the selection method, and the embodiment for implementing the selection program (hereinafter, referred to as “the embodiment”) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that this embodiment does not limit the selection device, selection method, and selection program according to the present application. In addition, each embodiment can be appropriately combined as long as the processing contents do not contradict each other. Further, in each of the following embodiments, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description is omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a selection process executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 describes an example of a selection process that automatically selects a combination for exchanging goods owned by a plurality of users U1 to U7.
- the information providing device 10 can communicate with the terminal devices 101 to 107 (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as "terminal device 100") via a predetermined network N (see, for example, FIG. 7) such as the Internet.
- Information processing device for example, realized by a server device, a cloud system, or the like.
- the information providing device 10 may be able to communicate with an arbitrary number of terminal devices 100 via the network N.
- Terminal devices 101 to 107 are terminal devices used by users U1 to U7, and are realized by, for example, a PC (Personal Computer), a server device, various smart devices, and the like.
- the terminal device 200 has a function of communicating with the information providing device 10 and outputting information as a communication result when receiving input of various information from the user.
- the information providing device 10 collects information on the goods owned by each user U1 to U7 (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as "user U"), and the collected goods. Information is presented to each user U. Further, the information providing device 10 collects information from each user U indicating the goods of another person who wants to exchange the goods for his / her own goods. Then, the information providing device 10 is a combination of users U who exchange goods such as which user's goods are provided to which user so that each user U is satisfied with the exchange result (hereinafter, "exchange”. "Combination”) is selected, and the selected exchange combination is presented to the user U.
- exchange exchange
- the goods owned by each user U are the assets owned by the user U, the right of residence owned by the user U, or any other right itself, or the object of the right, to other users. It is an object that can be provided.
- the goods owned by the user U may be tangible objects such as furniture, home appliances, and vehicles, and the right of residence of the room and the goods provided by the user U to other users. It may be an intangible object such as a possible service.
- the goods owned by the user U may be various currencies such as money, or may be goods that can be used as a limited currency such as coupons and points.
- the good may be real estate such as land, or movable property such as a car or a building.
- money such as yen and dollars issued or guaranteed by the government or government-affiliated organizations of each country, claims such as checks and bills, etc. (hereinafter, simply referred to as "money").
- the exchange is carried out through (collectively referred to as).
- the user U2 desires the goods owned by the user U1
- the user U3 desires the goods owned by the user U2
- the user U1 desires the goods owned by the user U3. ..
- the user U2 provides the user U1 with money as consideration for the good, and receives the good from the user U1.
- the user U3 provides the user U2 with money as consideration for the good, and receives the good from the user U2.
- the user U1 provides the user U3 with money as a consideration for the good, and receives the good from the user U3.
- money has an information retrieval function, in other words, a role as an exchange value as a solution to the "double match of desires" problem.
- the information providing device 10 plays a role as exchange money by directly exchanging the goods owned by each user U.
- the information providing device 10 not only exchanges goods between two parties, but also exchanges goods between three or more users (that is, exchanges of goods through a route in which the exchange route of goods constitutes a cycle). It is possible to play a role as an exchange currency by allowing.
- non-divided goods exchange there is known a problem of non-divided goods exchange in which the goods to be exchanged by each user U cannot be divided or the non-divided goods for which it is not appropriate to be divided are redistributed while considering the initial holding. Then, in a certain society, n users U each own one non-divided good in the initial state, and the analysis assumes only the reallocation of the ownership of these goods without mediating the divisible goods.
- the framework is called the "non-divided goods exchange model.”
- the Shapley-Scarf model is known as an example of such a non-split goods exchange model.
- Pareto optimal means that there is no room for Pareto improvement, and there is no room for improvement of someone's condition without deteriorating the condition of someone, that is, efficient allocation. It means to realize the allocation.
- strong core refers to an allocation that makes it impossible for any group to deviate from the overall exchange process, which allows each user U to benefit someone without losing any of them.
- the allocation of goods by the TTC algorithm does not guarantee fairness at all. Therefore, the goods allocation by the TTC algorithm may realize an undesired resource allocation from a democratic point of view, depending on the preferences expressed by each user U and the desired order added to each preference.
- an exchange combination that causes a user U to downgrade to a good having a lower priority than the initial allocation is not selected.
- the exchange combinations selected using the TTC algorithm may include users who do not exchange goods with other users.
- the TTC algorithm if a user who does not exchange goods does not regard a good owned by another user as a good having a higher priority than his / her own good (favorable good), the TTC algorithm. It can be said that the exchange combination selected using the above satisfies the wishes of each user. However, if a user who does not exchange goods has registered a good owned by another user as a good with a higher priority than his own good, the exchange combination selected using the TTC algorithm will be , It cannot be said that it satisfies the wishes of some users.
- the TTC algorithm when the user who is not the target of the upgrade does not consider the goods owned by other users to be higher priority than his / her own goods, and when the goods are higher than his / her own goods.
- the same exchange combination is selected in the case where a good owned by another user is registered as a high-priority good.
- the TTC algorithm does not distinguish between an allocation that does not pass the desire to upgrade and continues to own the initial allocation of goods, and an allocation that continues to own the initial allocation of goods in line with the desire not to upgrade.
- the information providing device 10 executes the following selection process. First, the information providing device 10 acquires preference information indicating a good that is evaluated to be preferable to a good owned by each user among the goods owned by each user, which has been expressed by a plurality of users. Subsequently, the information providing device 10 specifies a combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users based on the preference information. For example, the information providing device 10 identifies a combination that maximizes the number of users who exchange their goods for the goods of another user, which is preferable to their own goods.
- the information providing device 10 selects one of the plurality of combinations by the TTC algorithm based on the order of preference of each user for other goods.
- the information providing device 10 uses such a combination as the selection result.
- the information providing device 10 maximizes the number of users who have been able to upgrade their own goods to more favorable goods, and minimizes the number of users who have downgraded their own goods to less favorable goods.
- Such exchange combinations are specified in advance in the preprocessing, and when there are a plurality of specified exchange combinations, one of the exchange combinations is selected by using the TTC algorithm.
- the information providing device 10 aggregates the result of totaling the individual utility as the social utility, and the resource allocation that achieves the larger social utility is a more desirable reallocation based on the value standard of democracy. do.
- the information providing device 10 can realize the selection of the exchange combination that satisfies the wishes of all the users who exchange the goods, that is, the exchange combination that guarantees the majority.
- the information providing device 10 accepts the registration of information on the goods owned by each user U (step S1).
- the information providing device 10 accepts registration of information for making other users understand the contents of the goods, such as a character string indicating the contents of the goods owned by each user U, a still image, or a moving image. ..
- the information providing device 10 provides information on the goods owned by each user U to another user U (step S2).
- the information providing device 10 provides each user U with a content listing information on the goods registered by each user U.
- the information providing device 10 acquires priority information indicating the desired priority of the goods owned by each user U (step S3). That is, the information providing device 10 acquires the information expressed by each user indicating the desired priority of each good. For example, the information providing device 10 acquires priority information indicating the order of goods # 1 to # 7 desired by the user U1 from the user U1. To give a more specific example, in the information providing device 10, the user U1 makes a good in the order of good # 5, good # 6, good # 7, good # 1, good # 2, good # 3, and good # 4. You may acquire priority information to the effect that you want.
- the information providing device 10 has the goods # 5, the goods # 6, and the goods # that the user U1 considers to be preferable (higher priority) than the goods # 1 owned by the user U1 as priority information.
- Priority information indicating 7 may be acquired.
- the information providing device 10 also acquires priority information from other users U2 to U7, respectively.
- each user U inputs priority information by himself / herself has been described, but the embodiment is not limited to this.
- each user U notifies the operator of the desire for each good verbally or by e-mail, and the operator registers the priority information generated based on the desire of each user U in the information providing device 100. May be good. That is, instead of the user directly communicating the preference to the system, the operator may act on behalf of the operator to convey the preference.
- the information providing device 10 regards the group of users from whom the priority information is acquired as the market, and preferentially indicates other goods that the users participating in the market consider to be preferable to their own goods. Acquire information (step S4). For example, when the information providing device 10 acquires the priority information from the users U1 to U7, the information providing device 10 considers the users U1 to U7 to be participating users participating in the market. Then, the information providing device 10 acquires the information of the goods for which the users U1 to U7 have set a higher priority than their own goods from the priority information registered by the users U1 to U7.
- the priority information of the user U1 is Good # 5, Good # 6, Good # 7, Good # 1, Good # 2, Good # 3, and Good.
- the preference information of the user U1 indicates the good # 5, the good # 6, and the good # 7 having a higher priority than the good # 1.
- the information providing device 10 also generates preference information indicating other goods that each user U2 to U7 considers to be preferable to his / her own good from the priority information acquired from the users U2 to U7.
- the information providing device 10 may acquire preference information from each user U separately from the priority information. Further, the information providing device 10 may acquire information indicating a good having a higher priority than its own good (that is, a preferable good) as preference information, and the priority of the good having a higher priority than its own good. Information that does not indicate may be acquired. For example, the information providing device 10 may acquire information indicating the good # 5, the good # 6, and the good # 7 as the preference information of the user U1, and the information providing device 10 may acquire the information indicating the good # 5, the good # 6, and the good # 7. Preference information that does not indicate priority such as which is the most preferable may be acquired.
- the information providing device 10 identifies a candidate for an exchange combination in which the participating user is provided with a good that is preferable to his / her own good based on the preference information (step S5). That is, the information providing device 10 identifies a candidate for an exchange combination based on information on a good that each user U considers to be preferable to his / her own good. For example, the information providing device 10 identifies a candidate for an exchange combination so that each user U can acquire a good that is preferable to his own. The method for determining candidates for such exchange combinations will be described later.
- the candidates for the exchange combination to be specified change depending on which user's goods each user U desires. Therefore, when there are a plurality of exchange combination candidates, the information providing device 10 selects one of the exchange combination candidates by the TTC algorithm based on the priority for each good (step S6). When a single candidate is specified as a candidate for the exchange combination, the information providing device 10 adopts the candidate as the selection result.
- the information providing device 10 proposes to each user U the exchange of goods in the selected exchange combination (step S7). Then, the information providing device 10 obtains a license for the exchange combination proposed by each user U (step S8). In such a case, the information providing device 10 may execute various processes for exchanging the goods of each user. For example, the information providing device 10 may deliver a delivery kit for exchanging goods owned by each user as a good, or may execute various processes related to the transfer of rights. For the processing for exchanging such goods, for example, various known techniques related to the delivery of goods in mail-order sales, online auctions, and the like can be adopted.
- the information providing device 10 does not select the exchange combination from the priority information of each user U by using the TTC algorithm, but first, another good that each user U considers to be preferable to his / her own good. Based on the preference information indicating, the preprocessing for identifying the candidate exchange combination is executed. As a result of such processing, the information providing device 10 can provide an exchange combination that guarantees the user's wishes, that is, an exchange combination that guarantees majority.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a concept of processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- the information providing device 10 receives the preference information of each user U, as a preprocessing, a candidate for an exchange combination in which each user U can acquire a good that is preferable to his / her own good without considering the priority. Identify as.
- the information providing device 10 uses preference information to select candidates for an exchange combination so that the number of users whose goods are exchanged for the goods of other users increases. As a result of such processing, the information providing device 10 guarantees a majority that allows as many users as possible to upgrade their goods.
- the information providing device 10 selects a single exchange combination from the candidates by the TTC algorithm using the priority information. In this way, the information providing device 10 can provide an exchange combination that guarantees a strong core property by the TTC algorithm using the priority while guaranteeing the majority.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which the information providing device according to the embodiment generates preference information from priority information.
- the information providing device 10 has, in descending order of priority, goods # 5, goods # 6, goods # 7, goods # 1, goods # 2, goods # 3, and goods # 4.
- Priority information indicating that is obtained from the user U1.
- the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 3, goods # 4, goods # 5, goods # 6, goods # 7, goods # 1, and goods # 2 in descending order of priority. Is obtained from the user U2.
- the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 4, goods # 5, goods # 2, goods # 7, goods # 1, goods # 3, and goods # 6 in descending order of priority.
- the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 1, goods # 2, goods # 3, goods # 4, goods # 5, goods # 6, and goods # 7 in descending order of priority. Is obtained from the user U4. Further, the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 4, goods # 5, goods # 2, goods # 3, goods # 6, goods # 7, and goods # 1 in descending order of priority. Is obtained from the user U5. Further, the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 7, goods # 1, goods # 2, goods # 3, goods # 4, goods # 5, and goods # 6 in descending order of priority. Is obtained from the user U6. Further, the information providing device 10 gives priority information indicating goods # 1, goods # 7, goods # 4, goods # 5, goods # 6, goods # 3, and goods # 2 in descending order of priority. Is obtained from the user U7.
- the information providing device 10 can acquire the priority matrix PM shown in FIG. Each row of the priority matrix PM corresponds to the priority information acquired from the user U.
- the embodiment is not limited to this.
- the information providing device 10 may acquire priority information of a user who thinks that there is no good that is preferable to his / her own goods by giving the highest priority to his / her own goods.
- the information providing device 10 does not select a user who does not desire such an exchange as a user who exchanges goods with another user.
- the information providing device 10 generates preference information indicating a good that each user U considers to be preferable to his / her own good from the priority matrix PM. For example, the information providing device 10 identifies the good # 5, the good # 6, and the good # 7 having a higher priority than the good of the user U1 from the priority information of the user U1. In addition, the information providing device 10 also specifies preference information indicating a good that is considered to be preferable to its own good for other users U2 to U7. As a result, the information providing device 10 specifies the range CI surrounded by the dotted line in the priority matrix PM as the preference information of each user U.
- the information providing device 10 generates a preference matrix CM showing the preference information. For example, the information providing device 10 associates each user U with each row and associates a good owned by each user U with each column. Then, the information providing device 10 stores "1" in the cell corresponding to the good desired by each user U, and generates a preference matrix CM in which "0" is stored in other cells. Further, the information providing device 10 indicates the number of "1" existing in the row direction, that is, the number of goods that a user considers preferable to his / her own goods as "Out", and exists in the vertical direction. A preference matrix CM is generated that indicates the number of "1", that is, the number of other users who desire the goods of one user as "In".
- such a preference matrix CM indicates a good that each user U considers to be preferable to his / her own good (hereinafter, referred to as “favorable good”), and is considered to be less preferable than the current good. Please note that no preference for goods has been expressed. Also, it should be noted that the preference matrix CM does not indicate the priority for the good, that is, the preference of the user U is treated as indiscriminate. Moreover, such a preference matrix CM can be regarded as an adjacency matrix of graph theory. For example, the preference matrix CM has each user U (or a good owned by each user U) as a node, and heads from the node of each user U to the node of another user U who owns the favorite goods. It is an adjacency matrix of the graph containing the links.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which the information providing device according to the embodiment identifies a candidate for an exchange combination.
- the information providing device 10 generates a preference matrix CM1 which is a duplicate of the preference matrix CM, selects one good selected by each user U from the preference matrix CM1, and selects a good other than the selected good as "0".
- the preference matrix CM2 is generated. That is, the information providing device 10 selects a preference group to be processed from the preference group which is a combination of goods preferred by each user U. As a result, the value of "Out" of the preference matrix CM becomes "1" respectively.
- the information providing device 10 removes the preference of the user who owns the good that was not the preference of the other user.
- the preference matrix CM3 is a person who attaches a dotted line schematically showing the processing to the preference matrix CM2.
- the information providing device 10 has a good in which the number of “In” is “0”, that is, a good # 2, a good # 3, and a good # that are not preferred by other users. 6 and the good # 7 are specified, and the preference of the users U2, U3, U6, and U7 who own the specified good is set to "0".
- the information providing device 10 obtains the preference matrix CM4.
- the information providing device 10 prunes the competitive relationship by removing the preferences of the users U2, U3, U6, and U7 who own the goods that were not the preferences of the other users. .. As a result, the information providing device 10 can obtain the preference matrix CM4 in which all the values of "In" are "1" or less, that is, the preference matrix CM4 in which the competitive relationship does not occur.
- the user U1 acquires the goods # 5 of the user U5, the user U4 acquires the goods # 4 of the user U4, and the user U4 acquires the goods # 1 of the user U1.
- the preference matrix CM4 indicating the acquisition is generated, that is, the preference matrix CM4 indicating the exchange route UGC of the goods to be closed is generated.
- the competitive relationship could be resolved by one pruning, but depending on the preference group, the competitive relationship may not be resolved by one pruning.
- a new user who owns a good that is not the preference of another user, that is, a non-preference user is generated.
- the information providing device 10 has all the values of "In" set to "In". It is possible to obtain a preference matrix of 1 ”or less.
- a preference matrix showing one UGC for exchanging goods to be closed was generated, but the embodiment is not limited to this.
- a preference matrix indicating a plurality of exchange paths may be generated.
- the user U1 acquires the good # 5 of the user U5, the user U4 acquires the good # 4 of the user U4, and the user U4 uses it.
- the information providing device 10 obtains the preference matrix CM4 in which all the "In” values are “1” or less by the pruning process, the total of the “In” values or the total of the “Out” values is calculated. Calculate and record the calculated value "3" as social utility.
- the value of such social utility is the number of users U who have acquired a good that they have stated to be preferable to their own good, that is, the number of users U who have upgraded their good to each user U's own value standard. Corresponds to.
- the preference matrix CM4 provides the goods # 1 of the user U1 to the user U5, the goods # 5 of the user U5 to the user U4, and the goods of the user U4 in the graph shown by the preference matrix CM1.
- the value of social utility is "3" because the users U1, U4, and U5 whose goods are upgraded are included.
- the information providing device 10 stores the candidate of the exchange combination indicated by the preference matrix CM4 in association with the value "3" of the social utility.
- the information providing device 10 obtains a correspondence between the candidate of the exchange combination corresponding to the preference information CI and the value of social utility.
- the total number of preference groups is 1620.
- the information providing device 10 calculates the value of social utility for all the preference groups required from such preference information CI, and specifies the preference group having the largest calculated value of social utility as an exchange combination candidate.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of exchange combination candidates.
- the maximum value of social utility is "7", in which the goods of all users U are upgraded. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 5, 14 preference groups # 1 to # 7 having a social utility of "7" are shown among all the preference groups required from the preference information CI illustrated in FIG. For example, in the example shown in FIG.
- the preference group # 1 is provided with the good # 5 to the user U1, the good # 6 is provided to the user U2, the good # 2 is provided to the user U3, and the user.
- Goods # 3 are provided to U4, Goods # 4 are provided to User U5, Goods # 7 are provided to User U6, and Goods # 1 are provided to User U7.
- the exchange combination candidates shown in FIG. 5 are all “7” that maximize the social utility, and are exchange combination candidates whose majority is guaranteed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process of selecting an exchange combination using the TTC algorithm.
- the information providing device 10 creates a preference that does not form the preference group shown in FIG. 5 from the preference matrix CM.
- the preference matrix CM For example, in the preference group shown in FIG. 5, the user U2's preference for the good # 4, the user U3's preference for the good # 1, the user U3's preference for the good # 4, and the user U4's preference for the good # 1.
- the information providing device 10 generates the preference matrix CM5 in which the value of the cell corresponding to the unachieved preference among the preference matrix CM is set to “0”.
- the information providing device 10 selects the exchange combination by the TTC algorithm using the preference matrix CM5.
- the information providing device 10 specifies the goods preferred by each user based on the preference matrix CM5, and also specifies the priority of each user U with respect to the specified goods from the priority matrix PM.
- the information providing device 10 selects an exchange combination by the TTC algorithm based on the specified good and priority. For example, in the information providing device 10, the user # 1 acquires the good # 6, the user # 6 acquires the good # 7, the user # 7 acquires the good # 1, and the user # 2 acquires the good # 1. Identify an exchange combination EC in which # 3 is acquired, user # 3 acquires good # 5, user # 5 acquires good # 4, and user # 4 acquires good # 2.
- Such an exchange combination corresponds to the preference group # 4 among the preference groups shown in FIG.
- the information providing device 10 can select the exchange combination that maximizes the number of users whose goods are upgraded from among the exchange combinations that satisfy the preferences of each user. As a result, the information providing device 10 guarantees the majority, which maximizes the number of users who are satisfied with the exchange result, and the TTC algorithm selects the exchange combination based on the priority. It can be harmonized with the economic efficiency achieved by.
- the information providing device 10 does not directly select the exchange combination by the TTC algorithm from the preference of each user, but the number of users whose goods are upgraded based on the preference of each user.
- the candidate for the maximum exchange combination that is, the exchange combination with the maximum social utility, is selected in advance.
- the information providing device 10 uses the TTC algorithm to select an exchange combination from the candidates for the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility.
- the information providing device 10 selects a candidate for an exchange combination that maximizes social utility even when each user makes an indiscriminate preference, and the selected candidate.
- a unique exchange combination can be selected by the TTC algorithm.
- the information providing device 10 is appropriate even in a state in which the user can make an indiscriminate preference, that is, in a more realistic state, as compared with the technology disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2. It has the advantageous effect of being able to select an exchange combination.
- the information providing device 10 specifies in advance a candidate for a selection combination capable of obtaining a good that is preferable to the user's own good, and selects the preference combination from the specific result by the TTC algorithm. In this way, the information providing device 10 prunes the preference combination (that is, the unexpected preference combination) in advance so that the user obtains a good that is less favorable than his / her own good. You can prevent situations where you have to exchange for your own goods.
- the information providing device 10 is a good that each user considers that the information for obtaining a unique result by the TTC algorithm is preferable to his / her own good even when each user makes an indiscriminate preference. It can be generated only from the information of. That is, the information providing device 10 can generate information in which an exchange combination can be selected by the TTC algorithm even when a priority is not set for a good that is preferable to its own good. Then, since the information providing device 10 selects the exchange combination from the generated information by using the TTC algorithm, a unique result can be guaranteed. As described above, the information providing device 10 can guarantee a unique result, and as a result, can enable distributed processing of each processing for executing the selection processing described above.
- the user does not have to make a statement about the preference for goods other than the goods that he / she considers to be preferable to the goods he / she owns (that is, the goods that are less preferable to his / her own goods). .. That is, the information providing device 10 does not have to accept the registration of information about a good that is less favorable than its own good, and may delete it before processing. More specifically, the information providing device 10 can identify a candidate for an exchange combination from a matrix lacking priority information. Even in such a case, since the information providing device 10 can specify a candidate for an exchange combination that satisfies the user's preference, it is possible to realize the selection of an appropriate exchange combination. In other words, in the above-mentioned selection process, by introducing the majority guarantee, the user can indiscriminately prefer other goods at least at the stage of preprocessing.
- the information providing device 10 selects an exchange combination for exchanging the goods of each user.
- the information providing device 10 may select an exchange combination for exchanging an arbitrary exchange of goods.
- the information providing device 10 may select the above-mentioned exchange combination for rearranging the room or company housing in which each user lives.
- the information providing device 10 regards the store or department to which each user belongs as a good, and considers the store or department that each user wants to work as a preference. An exchange combination that optimizes the staffing of each user may be selected.
- the information providing device 10 regards each store as a user and considers the inventory existing in each store as a good, so that an exchange combination for rearranging or optimizing the inventory of each store can be performed. You may choose.
- the information providing device 10 automatically sets the priority of the goods desired by each store according to, for example, the closeness of the distance between the stores and the ease of delivery. May be set to. For example, when a certain store desires the inventory of another store, the information providing device 10 may set the priority of the inventory of a store located closer to the information providing device 10 to a higher priority than the inventory of another store.
- the information providing device 10 may select an exchange combination for exchanging goods such as clothing owned by each user.
- the information providing device 10 performs the exchange combination by executing the above-mentioned selection process from the information from the subject performing the exchange target to the preference of the subject (that is, the exchange target of another subject who desires the exchange). If it is selected, the above-mentioned selection process may be applied to any subject and any exchange target.
- the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned processing to any good other than the above-mentioned goods.
- the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned selection process to the exchange of seats in a means of transportation such as an airplane or a train.
- the information providing device 10 acquires the information on the seats of an airplane owned by each user and the information on the seats of other users (that is, preferences) desired by each user, and selects the above-mentioned selection. By performing the process, a more preferable seat arrangement may be specified.
- the information providing device 10 may execute the above-mentioned selection process in order to exchange reservations for beauty salons, massages, and the like. That is, the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned selection process to the exchange of various rights owned by each user.
- the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned selection process to netting in which a claim and a debt are offset between a plurality of users and the bond / debt relationship is extinguished by settling the difference.
- the information providing device 10 collects information on debts and bonds such as letters of credits and bills from each user, and as a social utility, candidates for exchange combinations are selected so that the amount of offset between bonds and debts is maximized. It may be specified and the exchange combination may be selected. That is, the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned selection process to netting.
- the information providing device 10 automatically sets the priority according to whether or not the bond or debt is due early, for example, without acquiring the priority from each user. The preference may be set automatically based on the above, or depending on whether the bond or debt owned by the user is due earlier than the due date.
- the information providing device 10 may apply the above-mentioned selection process to the exchange of virtual enemy goods such as weapon items, card items, and various other items in a predetermined game. That is, the information providing device 10 may select an actual right exchange combination or a virtual enemy right exchange combination as long as it is exchangeable.
- the information providing device 10 may specify candidates for exchange combinations in consideration of various restrictions.
- the information providing device 10 may specify an exchange combination candidate having the maximum social utility among exchange combination candidates in which the relationship between a plurality of goods satisfies a predetermined condition.
- the information providing device 10 has the maximum social utility among the candidates for the exchange combination in which the right of two or three consecutive seats is provided to a predetermined user.
- Candidates for exchange combinations may be identified. Further, even if the information providing device 10 identifies the candidate for the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility among the candidates for the exchange combination in which the goods specified in advance by a user are always provided to the user. good. That is, the information providing device 10 may accept non-public constraint conditions from each user and specify candidates for exchange combinations so as to satisfy the accepted constraint conditions.
- the information providing device 10 may accept public constraints and specify candidates for exchange combinations so as to satisfy the accepted constraints. For example, when exchanging seats, the information providing device 10 may specify candidates for the exchange combination so that the seat next to the woman is not provided to the man. In this way, the information providing device 10 has a constraint condition related to the goods preset by the user (that is, a non-public constraint condition) and a constraint condition applied to each user set in advance (that is, the constraint condition). By specifying the exchange combination candidates so as to satisfy the public constraint condition), the exchange combination satisfying the constraint condition can be selected.
- a constraint condition related to the goods preset by the user that is, a non-public constraint condition
- a constraint condition applied to each user set in advance that is, the constraint condition
- the information providing device 10 selects the preference group having the maximum social utility from the preference information as a candidate for the exchange combination.
- the amount of calculation for the selection of such a preference group increases as the number of users participating in the market and the number of preferred goods increase. As a result, the information providing device 10 may not be able to select the exchange combination within a useful time.
- the information providing device 10 may calculate in advance a preference group (exchange candidate information) that maximizes the social utility when a certain preference information is given. For example, the information providing device 10 generates all possible priority information candidates for each number of users participating in the market. Further, the information providing device 10 is a preference group that will be generated when a candidate for the generated priority information is acquired by executing the above-mentioned processing, and is a preference group that maximizes the social utility. Identify the pair as a candidate for the exchange combination. Then, the information providing device 10 stores the set of priority information that can be acquired and the candidate of the specified exchange combination in association with each other.
- a preference group exchange candidate information
- the information providing device 10 acquires priority information from each user U, the information providing device 10 identifies a candidate for an exchange combination associated with the acquired priority information set. Then, the information providing device 10 may select an exchange combination from the specified exchange combination candidates by using the TTC algorithm. On the other hand, when the information providing device 10 does not store the exchange combination candidate associated with the priority information set acquired from each user U, the information providing device 10 executes the above-described processing to perform the exchange combination candidate. May be specified and the exchange combination may be selected using the TTC algorithm.
- the information providing device 10 may store the exchange combinations selected by the TTC algorithm from the exchange combination candidates instead of the exchange combination candidates for each set of priority information in association with each other. As a result of such processing, when the information providing device 10 acquires the priority information from each user U, the information providing device 10 can immediately identify the exchange combination associated with the acquired priority information set.
- the information providing device 10 or the terminal device 100 determines the user U who participates in the market from the priority information registered in the blockchain. Then, the information providing device 10 or the terminal device 100 may specify an exchange combination for exchanging goods between the determined users U.
- the terminal device 100 may store a buffer registered in advance in the blockchain.
- the terminal device 100 refers to a buffer registered in the blockchain, and specifies a combination of priority information in which candidates for exchange combinations and the like are not registered.
- the terminal device 100 selects an exchange combination for the specified combination of priority information.
- the terminal device 100 may add a buffer indicating a combination of the specified priority information combination and the exchange combination to the blockchain.
- the information providing device 10 and the terminal device 100 use the buffer registered in the blockchain to specify the exchange combination from the priority information. A specific example of processing using such a blockchain will be described later.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- the information providing device 10 includes a communication unit 20, a storage unit 30, and a control unit 40.
- the communication unit 20 is realized by, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card) or the like. Then, the communication unit 20 is connected to the network N by wire or wirelessly, and transmits / receives information to / from the terminal device 100.
- NIC Network Interface Card
- the storage unit 30 is realized by, for example, a semiconductor memory element such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a flash memory (Flash Memory), or a storage device such as a hard disk or an optical disk. Further, the storage unit 30 stores the goods information database 31 and the buffer database 32.
- a semiconductor memory element such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a flash memory (Flash Memory), or a storage device such as a hard disk or an optical disk. Further, the storage unit 30 stores the goods information database 31 and the buffer database 32.
- Goods information which is information about goods owned by each user, is registered in the good information database 31.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of information registered in the goods information database according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, information having items such as "user ID (Identifier)", “user information”, “owned goods ID”, and “owned goods information” is registered in the goods information database 31. ..
- the "user ID” is an identifier that identifies the user.
- “user information” is various information about the user such as the name of the user.
- the "owned good ID” is a good currently owned by the user indicated by the associated user ID, and is an identifier that identifies the good shown in the market as an exchange target.
- the "goods information” is information about the good indicated by the associated good ID, and is, for example, data such as a name, description, or image of the good.
- the user ID “U # 1”, the user information “user information # 1”, the owned goods ID “G # 1”, and the owned goods information “ Information such as "owned goods information # 1" is registered.
- Such information indicates that the information about the user indicated by the user ID “U # 1” is "user information # 1" and that the property ID "G # 1" has a good to identify. show. Further, such information indicates that the good identified by the owned good ID "G # 1" is the good explained by the owned good information "owned good information # 1".
- the values are conceptually described as "user information # 1" and "owned goods information # 1", but in reality, character strings and goods indicating various information about the user are used. Various data for explanation will be registered.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of information registered in the buffer database 32 according to the embodiment.
- the buffer database 32 information having items such as "buffer ID”, “market number”, “priority information combination candidate”, and “exchange combination” is registered in the buffer database 32.
- the "buffer ID” is an identifier that identifies the buffer.
- the "market number” is the number of participating users.
- the "priority information combination candidate” is information indicating a candidate for a combination of priority information that can be assumed when there are a number of participating users indicated by the associated "market number”.
- the "exchange combination” is information indicating an exchange combination selected by the above-described processing when a combination of priority information indicated by the associated "priority information combination candidate" is acquired.
- the buffer ID "B # 1”, the number of people in the market "7", the priority information combination candidate "priority information # 1-1, priority information # 1-2 ", and Exchange combination Information such as “exchange combination # 1" is registered in association with each other.
- Such information is used as a buffer indicated by the buffer ID "B # 1", and an example of priority information that can be acquired from each participating user when the number of participating users is "7" is "priority".
- Information # 1-1, priority information # 1-2 ... ” indicates that the exchange combination selected when such priority information is acquired is“ exchange combination # 1 ”.
- the control unit 40 is a controller, and for example, various programs stored in a storage device inside the information providing device 10 by a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) are stored in a RAM or the like. Is realized by executing as a work area. Further, the control unit 40 is a controller, and may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- control unit 40 includes an acquisition unit 41, a specific unit 42, a selection unit 43, an output unit 44, a generation unit 45, and a setting unit 46.
- the acquisition unit 41 acquires preference information indicating the goods that are evaluated to be preferable to the goods owned by each user among the goods owned by each user, which are expressed by the plurality of users. For example, when the acquisition unit 41 acquires information on a good from each user, the acquisition unit 41 registers the acquired information on the good in the good information database 31. When the acquisition unit 41 receives a request for information on a good owned by another user from a predetermined user, the acquisition unit 41 lists the information registered in the good information database 31 and provides it to the predetermined user. ..
- the acquisition unit 41 acquires from each user priority information indicating the goods that the user evaluates as being preferable to his / her own goods and the order of preference for each good.
- the acquisition unit 41 acquires the preference information from the acquired priority information.
- the acquisition unit 41 generates preference information that shows only the information of the good that the user evaluates to be preferable to his / her own good, and does not show the priority of each good.
- the acquisition unit 41 may register the acquired priority information and preference information in the storage unit 30.
- the acquisition unit 41 may generate the priority matrix PM and the preference matrix CM illustrated in FIG. 3 and register the generated priority matrix PM and the preference matrix CM in the storage unit 21.
- the identification unit 42 specifies a combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users based on the preference information. Specifically, the specific unit 42 indicates only the preference matrix CM acquired by the acquisition unit 41, that is, the goods that the user evaluates to be preferable to his / her own goods, and is plural based on the information that does not indicate the priority. Identify combinations for exchanging goods between users of.
- the specific unit 42 specifies all feasible preference groups from the preference matrix CM.
- the identification unit 42 specifies all the groups in which each user U selects one good from the goods evaluated to be preferable to his / her own goods as a preference group. For example, if the four users U each select two preferred goods over their own goods, the specific unit 42 identifies 12 preference groups.
- the specific unit 42 identifies the closed goods exchange route UGC for each preference group. For example, the specific unit 42 identifies a user whose goods are not desired by other users from the preference group, and deletes information on other goods desired by the specified user. That is, the specific unit 42 repeatedly executes a process of excluding a user who does not own a good evaluated as preferable by another user from the exchange target of the good. In other words, the specific unit 42 selects a node in which a link in only one direction is set in the graph corresponding to the preference group. By repeatedly executing such processing, the specific unit 42 can specify the exchange route UGC of the goods corresponding to the preference group.
- the specific unit 42 counts the number of users included in the goods exchange route UGC corresponding to the preference group as social utility. Then, the identification unit 42 identifies one or a plurality of preference groups having the maximum value of social utility. That is, the specifying unit 42 specifies the combination that maximizes the number of users who exchange their own goods for the goods of other users who are preferable to their own goods.
- the information providing device 10 extracts only the goods having a higher priority than its own goods when generating the preference information from the priority information, such user's preference information is obtained from all the other goods. It becomes "0" for the good.
- the information providing device 10 naturally encourages users who do not want to exchange their own goods for the goods of other users to preferential groups that do not exchange their goods for other goods. Therefore, the information providing device 10 is a user who does not want to exchange his / her own goods for other goods, and the number of users whose goods are upgraded, and the user's goods are exchanged with other users' goods. It is possible to identify the combination that maximizes the total with the number of users who do not exchange.
- the specific unit 42 may specify a combination that minimizes the number of users who exchange their own goods for the goods of other users who are less preferable than their own goods. That is, the specific unit 42 calculates the number of users who exchange their own goods for the goods of other users who are less favorable than their own goods as negative social utility, and the calculated number of negative social utility. You may specify the preference group that minimizes.
- the specific unit 42 does not need to execute the above-mentioned process every time the priority information is acquired.
- the specific unit 42 is a combination of the preference information and the above-mentioned combination that is possible when the preference information is acquired, and is the number of users who exchange their own goods with the goods of other users who are preferable to their own goods. Based on the exchange candidate information associated with the combination that maximizes the value, the combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users may be specified from the preference information.
- the specific unit 42 refers to the buffer database 32 and identifies a record that matches the acquired priority information from the priority information combination candidates. For example, the specific unit 42 narrows down the records by using the number of users who have acquired the priority information as the number of people in the market, and all the acquired priority information is registered as the priority information combination candidate from the narrowed down records. Search for records that are available. Then, when there is a record in which all the acquired priority information is registered as a priority information combination candidate, the specific unit 42 specifies the exchange combination registered in the record.
- the specific unit 42 executes the above-described processing to maximize the social utility of the exchange combination.
- the specific unit 42 may specify the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility by, for example, providing priority information and preference information to the generation unit 45 and causing the generation unit 45 to execute the above-described processing. good.
- the identification unit 42 specifies the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility, the identification unit 42 registers the specified exchange combination, the number of people in the market, and the original priority information in association with each other in the buffer database 32. May be good.
- the selection unit 43 When the specific unit 42 specifies a single exchange combination, the selection unit 43 provides the exchange combination to the output unit 44 as the selected exchange combination. On the other hand, when a plurality of combinations are specified by the specific unit 42, the selection unit 43 selects one of the combinations from the plurality of combinations by the TTC algorithm based on the order of preference of each user for other goods. select.
- the selection unit 43 generates a preference matrix excluding the preferences other than the preferences constituting the combination specified by the specific unit 42 from the preferences indicated by the preference matrix, and based on the generated preference matrix, the priority matrix. To edit. That is, the selection unit 43 generates a matrix in which a priority is added to the preference for realizing the candidate of the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility. Then, the selection unit 43 selects a single exchange combination by the TTC algorithm using the generated matrix.
- the output unit 44 When a single combination is specified, the output unit 44 outputs the specified combination as exchange information indicating an exchange mode of goods performed between a plurality of users, and when a plurality of combinations are specified. Outputs the combination selected by the selection unit 43 as exchange information. For example, the output unit 44 generates content indicating the exchange combination, and transmits the generated content to the terminal device 100 used by each user in the market.
- the generation unit 45 generates exchange candidate information for each number of users or a combination of goods of other users that each user evaluates as preferable to the goods owned by the user. For example, the generation unit 45 refers to the buffer database 32 and determines whether or not all the combinations of priority information that can be acquired are registered for each number of people in the market. Then, when there is a combination of priority information that has not been registered, the generation unit 45 generates an exchange combination that can be selected when the priority information of the combination is acquired.
- the generation unit 45 generates preference information assuming that unregistered priority information has been acquired, and generates a preference group from the generated preference information.
- the generation unit 45 repeatedly executes the above-mentioned pruning for the generated preference group, and calculates the number of users whose goods are upgraded as social utility. Then, when there are a plurality of preference groups having the maximum calculated value of social utility, the generation unit 45 uses the TTC algorithm to select one of the preference groups as the exchange combination.
- the generation unit 45 may select the exchange combination by causing the specific unit 42 and the selection unit 43 to execute the above-described processing.
- the generation unit 45 registers the number of people in the market, the priority information, and the exchange combination in the buffer database 32 in association with each other.
- the information providing device 10 can reduce the calculation resources and the time required for the processing related to the processing for identifying the preference group having the maximum social utility when the priority information is actually acquired. Therefore, it is possible to provide the exchange combination within a realistic time.
- the generation unit 45 does not need to select the exchange combination by itself. For example, the generation unit 45 selects the corresponding exchange combination by transmitting the unregistered priority information to the terminal device 100 of the user and causing the terminal device 100 to execute the above-mentioned process.
- the generation unit 45 may use, for example, a plurality of terminal devices 100 to select an exchange combination by parallel calculation. Then, the generation unit 45 registers the selected exchange combination in the buffer database 32.
- the setting unit 46 sets a predetermined reward for the user who uses the terminal device 100 that has generated the exchange candidate information. For example, the setting unit 46 identifies the terminal device 100 that has selected the exchange combination from the unregistered priority information according to the instruction from the generation unit 45. Then, the setting unit 46 gives a predetermined reward to the user who uses the specified terminal device 100.
- the setting unit 46 notifies the management server that manages predetermined points, coupons, etc. of the user who uses the specified terminal device 100, and instructs the notified user to give points or coupons. You may. Further, the setting unit 46 may notify a predetermined payment server or the like of a user who uses the specified terminal device 100, and may instruct the user's account to transfer a predetermined amount of money as a reward. ..
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of selection processing executed by the information providing device according to the embodiment.
- the information providing device 10 acquires priority information from each user (step S101). In such a case, the information providing device 10 acquires preference information indicating a good that each user evaluates as preferable to his / her own good from the priority information (step S102). Subsequently, the information providing device 10 identifies a candidate for an exchange combination whose majority is guaranteed based on the preference information (step S103). Then, the information providing device 10 determines whether or not a plurality of candidates exist (step S104), and if so, selects a combination to be adopted from the plurality of candidates by using the TTC algorithm. (Step S105). On the other hand, when a plurality of candidates do not exist (step S104: No), the information providing device 10 uses a combination in which the candidates are adopted (step S106).
- the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility is selected based on the priority information collected by the information providing device 10 from the terminal device 100 of each user U.
- the embodiment is not limited to this.
- virtual currencies such as Bitcoin have an electronic ledger called a blockchain built into them.
- a blockchain an electronic ledger built into them.
- the information providing device 10 may execute the above-mentioned selection process as a consensus building algorithm for the electronic currency. For example, the information providing device 10 regards the electronic currency owned by each user as a token indicating the ownership of the goods owned by each user, and each user desires a token owned by each user. Acquires priority information indicating the priority to be performed. Then, the information providing device 10 selects an exchange combination for exchanging tokens (that is, an exchange combination for exchanging goods) by the above-mentioned selection process, and changes the ownership of the token of each user by the selected combination. You may.
- the information providing device 10 causes the terminal device 100 of each user to generate the above-mentioned buffer, and sets a predetermined reward to the user who first selects the exchange combination for the new combination of priority information. You may. Further, the information providing device 10 may store a block including such a buffer in the blockchain.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a processing flow in which the selection processing according to the embodiment is combined with the blockchain.
- FIG. 11 an example in which users U1 to U3 are participating in the market is described.
- each terminal device 101 to 103 transmits electronic currency in which information of its own goods is stored in a block to each terminal device 101 to 103 as preprocessing.
- the terminal device 101 refers to the blockchain and identifies a combination of priority information that is not registered in the buffer.
- the terminal device 101 specifies the exchange combination corresponding to the specified combination of priority information as exchange candidate information (step S107).
- the terminal device 101 adds a block including the selected exchange candidate information to the blockchain and provides the blocks to the terminal devices 102 and 103 together with the priority information.
- the terminal device 101 provides an electronic currency including a blockchain to which a block including priority information is added.
- the terminal device 103 provides the terminal device 102 and the like with an electronic currency including a blockchain to which a block including priority information is added without generating exchange candidate information (step S3).
- the terminal device 102 determines the exchange combination based on the exchange candidate information and the priority information included in the blockchain (step S4).
- the terminal device 102 refers to the priority information included as a block in the blockchain and determines whether or not a market satisfying a predetermined condition is formed.
- the terminal device 102 provides priority information indicating whether or not the number of users who provided priority information within a predetermined period exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and indicates a good having a higher priority than its own good.
- priority information indicate whether the number of users exceeds a predetermined threshold, whether the total number of goods that are considered to have a higher priority than their own goods exceeds a predetermined threshold, and so on. Based on the information, it is determined whether or not a market that satisfies a predetermined condition is formed.
- the terminal device 102 executes the above-mentioned selection process.
- the terminal device 102 refers to the exchange candidate information included in the blockchain, and determines whether or not the combination of the priority information of the users participating in the market and the corresponding exchange combination are registered. If the combination of priority information of users participating in the market and the corresponding exchange combination are not registered, the terminal device 102 may select a candidate for the exchange combination by the above-mentioned selection process.
- the terminal device 102 notifies the other terminal devices 101 and 103 of the content of the exchange combination ( Step S5). Then, when the users U1 to U3 agree with the contents of the notified exchange combination, the terminal devices 101 to 103 execute various processes for exchanging the goods.
- the terminal devices 101 to 103 may add a block including a transaction history of the content of exchanging each good according to the exchange combination to the blockchain. Further, the terminal devices 101 to 103 realize the exchange of goods by exchanging information indicating the delivery destination of the goods owned by each user U1 to U3 (that is, the place of residence of the user U who obtains the goods). You may.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a mode in which the terminal device according to the embodiment adds information to the blockchain.
- a block including transaction history # 1 a block including exchange candidate information # 1
- a block including priority information # 1 a block including exchange candidate information # 2
- the terminal devices 101 to 103 determine and indicate whether the exchange candidate information # 1 or the exchange candidate information # 2 indicates an exchange combination corresponding to the combination of the priority information # 1 and the priority information # 2. If so, it may be decided to exchange the goods of each user U with such an exchange combination.
- the terminal devices 101 to 103 When each user consents to the exchange indicated by the exchange combination, the terminal devices 101 to 103 have information on the goods owned by each user U before the exchange and the goods owned after the exchange.
- a block including the transaction history # 1 indicating the information of the above may be generated, and the generated block may be registered at the end of the blockchain.
- the terminal device 100 When the terminal device 100 executes the above-described processing, the terminal device 100 exerts the same functions as the acquisition unit 41, the specific unit 42, the selection unit 43, the output unit 44, and the generation unit 45 shown in FIG. It suffices to have a functional configuration.
- an application for exerting the functions of each unit 41 to 45 may be installed as a client application of electronic currency.
- the information providing device 10 generated the preference information from the priority information acquired from each user.
- the embodiment is not limited to this.
- the information providing device 10 may receive priority information and preference information individually. Further, the information providing device 10 may acquire priority information indicating only the priority of a good that is preferable to its own good as the priority information.
- the terminal device 100 exchanges goods using a blockchain of electronic currency.
- the terminal device 100 may trade the electronic currency itself by the above-mentioned selection process. That is, the terminal device 100 may execute the above-mentioned selection process as a consensus building algorithm in the transaction of the electronic currency, and realize the transaction of the electronic currency of each user according to the exchange combination obtained by the execution result.
- the terminal device 100 realizes not only transactions of private electronic currencies issued by various companies but also transactions of electronic currencies issued by the state, that is, sovereign cryptocurrency.
- the terminal device 100 may execute the above-mentioned selection process for exchanging Bitcoin and Ethereum, or execute the above-mentioned selection process for exchanging electronic currency for various goods and services. You may.
- each component of each device shown in the figure is a functional concept, and does not necessarily have to be physically configured as shown in the figure. That is, the specific form of distribution / integration of each device is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and all or part of the device is functionally or physically dispersed / physically distributed in any unit according to various loads and usage conditions. Can be integrated and configured.
- the information providing device 10 is realized by, for example, a computer 1000 having a configuration as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration.
- the computer 1000 is connected to the output device 1010 and the input device 1020, and the arithmetic unit 1030, the primary storage device 1040, the secondary storage device 1050, the output IF (Interface) 1060, the input IF 1070, and the network IF 1080 are connected by the bus 1090.
- the arithmetic unit 1030, the primary storage device 1040, the secondary storage device 1050, the output IF (Interface) 1060, the input IF 1070, and the network IF 1080 are connected by the bus 1090.
- the arithmetic unit 1030 operates based on a program stored in the primary storage device 1040 or the secondary storage device 1050, a program read from the input device 1020, or the like, and executes various processes.
- the primary storage device 1040 is a memory device that temporarily stores data used by the arithmetic unit 1030 for various calculations, such as a RAM.
- the secondary storage device 1050 is a storage device in which data used by the calculation device 1030 for various calculations and various databases are registered, such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and a flash memory. Is realized by.
- the output IF 1060 is an interface for transmitting information to be output to an output device 1010 that outputs various information such as a monitor and a printer.
- an output device 1010 that outputs various information such as a monitor and a printer.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- DVI Digital Visual Interface
- It is realized by a standard connector such as HDMI (registered trademark) (High Definition Multimedia Interface).
- the input IF 1070 is an interface for receiving information from various input devices 1020 such as a mouse, a keyboard, and a scanner, and is realized by, for example, USB.
- the input device 1020 is, for example, an optical recording medium such as a CD (Compact Disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), a PD (Phase change rewritable Disk), a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO (Magneto-Optical disk), or a tape. It may be a device that reads information from a medium, a magnetic recording medium, a semiconductor memory, or the like. Further, the input device 1020 may be an external storage medium such as a USB memory.
- an optical recording medium such as a CD (Compact Disc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), a PD (Phase change rewritable Disk), a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO (Magneto-Optical disk), or a tape. It may be a device that reads information from a medium, a magnetic recording medium, a semiconductor memory, or the like. Further, the input device 1020 may be an external storage medium such as a USB
- the network IF1080 receives data from another device via the network N and sends it to the arithmetic unit 1030, and also transmits the data generated by the arithmetic unit 1030 to the other device via the network N.
- the arithmetic unit 1030 controls the output device 1010 and the input device 1020 via the output IF 1060 and the input IF 1070. For example, the arithmetic unit 1030 loads a program from the input device 1020 or the secondary storage device 1050 onto the primary storage device 1040, and executes the loaded program.
- the arithmetic unit 1030 of the computer 1000 realizes the function of the control unit 40 by executing the program loaded on the primary storage device 1040.
- the information providing device 10 acquires the preference information indicating the goods that the plurality of users have expressed and that are evaluated to be preferable to the goods owned by each user among the goods owned by each user. Then, the information providing device 10 specifies a combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users based on the preference information. When a plurality of combinations are specified, the information providing device 10 uses a TTC (Top Trading Cycle) algorithm based on the order of preference of each user for other goods to select one of the plurality of combinations. Select a combination of. As a result of such processing, the information providing device 10 can select an exchange combination in which the goods of each user are upgraded, so that an appropriate exchange of goods can be realized.
- TTC Topic Trading Cycle
- the information providing device 10 acquires preference information based on priority information indicating a good that the user evaluates as preferable to his / her own good and a priority order for each good. Then, the information providing device 10 specifies a combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users based only on the information of the goods that the user evaluates to be preferable to his / her own goods. Then, when a single combination is specified, the information providing device 10 outputs the specified combination as exchange information indicating an exchange mode of goods performed between a plurality of users, and the plurality of combinations are specified. If so, the combination selected by the selection unit is output as exchange information. Therefore, for this reason, the information providing device 10 can select an exchange combination in which the goods of each user are upgraded.
- the information providing device 10 specifies the combination that maximizes the number of users who exchange their own goods with the goods of other users who are preferable to their own goods. Further, the information providing device 10 is a number of users who exchange their own goods for the goods of other users who are preferable to their own goods, and users who do not want to exchange their own goods for other goods. , Identify the combination that maximizes the total number of users who do not exchange their goods for the goods of other users. Further, the information providing device 10 specifies a combination that minimizes the number of users who exchange their own goods for the goods of other users who are less preferable than their own goods. As a result of such processing, the information providing device 10 can provide an exchange combination that maximizes social utility.
- the information providing device 10 repeatedly executes a process of excluding a user who does not own a good evaluated as preferable by other users from the exchange target of the good, so that the information providing device 10 can obtain the good. Identify the combination of users to exchange. Therefore, the information providing device 10 can identify the candidate of the exchange combination that maximizes the social utility.
- the information providing device 10 generates exchange candidate information for each number of users or a combination of goods of other users that each user evaluates as preferable to the goods owned by the user. Then, the information providing device 10 is a combination of the preference information and the preference information, which is possible when the preference information is acquired, and is a combination of the user who exchanges his / her own goods with the goods of another user who is preferable to his / her own goods. Based on the exchange candidate information associated with the combination with the largest number, the combination for exchanging goods between a plurality of users is specified from the preference information. Therefore, the information providing device 10 can realize the identification and selection of the exchange combination within a useful time.
- the information providing device 10 causes the terminal device used by the user to generate exchange candidate information, and sets a predetermined reward to the user who uses the terminal device for which the exchange candidate information is generated. Therefore, the information providing device 10 can realize the efficiency of the selection process as a result of prompting each user to generate the exchange candidate information.
- the information providing device 10 adds a block including the generated exchange candidate information to the blockchain of the token provided to the user. Further, when the goods are exchanged according to the selected combination, the information providing device 10 adds a block including exchange information regarding the exchange of goods to the blockchain of the token provided to the user. do. As a result of such processing, the information providing device 10 can realize an electronic currency using the above-mentioned selection processing as a consensus building algorithm.
- section, module, unit may be read as “means” or “circuit”. Further, the above-mentioned “information providing device 10" may be appropriately read as “terminal device 100".
- Information providing device 20 Communication unit 30 Storage unit 31 Goods information database 32 Buffer database 40 Control unit 41 Acquisition unit 42 Specific unit 43 Selection unit 44 Output unit 45 Generation unit 46 Setting unit 100 to 107 Terminal equipment
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1を用いて、選択装置の一例である情報提供装置10が実行する処理の一例について説明する。図1は、実施形態に係る情報提供装置が実行する選択処理の一例を示す図である。図1では、複数の利用者U1~U7が所有する財を交換する組み合わせを自動的に選択する選択処理の一例について説明する。
情報提供装置10は、インターネット等の所定のネットワークN(例えば、図7を参照。)を介して、端末装置101~107(以下、「端末装置100」と総称する場合がある。)と通信可能な情報処理装置であり、例えば、サーバ装置やクラウドシステム等により実現される。なお、情報提供装置10は、ネットワークNを介して、任意の数の端末装置100と通信可能であってよい。
ここで、利用者U間における財の交換について説明する。各利用者Uが所有する財とは、利用者Uが所有権を有する資産や、利用者U有する居住権等、何かしらの権利そのもの、若しくは権利の対象となるものであり、他の利用者に対して提供することができる対象となるものである。より具体的な例を挙げると、利用者Uが有する財とは、家具、家電、車両といった有形物であってもよく、部屋の居住権や、利用者Uが他の利用者に対して提供可能な役務といった無形物であってもよい。また、利用者Uが有する財とは、金銭等の各種貨幣であってもよく、クーポンやポイント等、限定的な通貨として利用可能な物であってもよい。また、財とは、土地等の不動産であってもよく、車や建物等の動産であってもよい。
そこで、情報提供装置10は、以下の選択処理を実行する。まず、情報提供装置10は、複数の利用者がそれぞれ表明した、各利用者が所有する財のうち自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する財を示す選好情報を取得する。続いて、情報提供装置10は、選好情報に基づいて、複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する。例えば、情報提供装置10は、自身の財を自身の財よりも好ましい他の利用者の財と交換する利用者の数が最大となる組み合わせを特定する。そして、情報提供装置10は、複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、各利用者の他の財に対する好ましさの順位に基づいたTTCアルゴリズムにより、複数の組み合わせからいずれかの組み合わせを選択する。一方、情報提供装置10は、選好情報に基づいて単一の組み合わせが特定された場合は、かかる組み合わせを選択結果とする。
以下、図1を用いて、情報提供装置10が実行する選択処理の流れの一例を説明する。まず、情報提供装置10は、各利用者Uが所有する財の情報の登録を受付ける(ステップS1)。例えば、情報提供装置10は、各利用者Uが所有する財の内容を示す文字列や静止画像若しくは動画像等、財の内容を他の利用者に対して理解させるための情報の登録を受付ける。このような場合、情報提供装置10は、各利用者Uが所有する財の情報を他の利用者Uに対して提供する(ステップS2)。例えば、情報提供装置10は、各利用者Uが登録した財の情報をリスト化したコンテンツを各利用者Uに対して提供する。
以下、図3~図6を用いて、情報提供装置10が交換組合せの候補を特定する処理、および、特定した交換組合せの中からいずれかの交換組合せを選択する処理の具体例について説明する。
上述した例では、情報提供装置10は、各利用者の財を交換するための交換組合せの選択を行った。ここで、情報提供装置10は、任意の財の交換を交換するための交換組合せを選択してもよい。例えば、情報提供装置10は、各利用者が居住する部屋や社宅の再配置のため、上述した交換組合せを選択してもよい。また、情報提供装置10は、各利用者が所属する店舗や部署を財と見做し、各利用者が働きたいと所望する店舗や部署を選好と見做すことで、上述した処理により、各利用者の人員配置を最適化する交換組合せを選択してもよい。
また、情報提供装置10は、各種制約を考慮して、交換組み合わせの候補を特定してもよい。例えば、情報提供装置10は、複数の財の関係性が所定の条件を満たす交換組み合わせの候補のうち、社会的効用が最大となる交換組み合わせの候補を特定してもよい。より具体的な例を挙げると、情報提供装置10は、2つもしくは3つの連続する席の権利が所定の利用者に対して提供される交換組み合わせの候補のうち、社会的効用が最大となる交換組み合わせの候補を特定してもよい。また、情報提供装置10は、ある利用者があらかじめ指定した財が必ずその利用者に対して提供される交換組み合わせの候補のうち、社会的効用が最大となる交換組み合わせの候補を特定してもよい。すなわち、情報提供装置10は、各利用者から非パブリックな制約条件を受け付け、受け付けた制約条件を満たすように、交換組み合わせの候補を特定してもよい。
ここで、上述したように、情報提供装置10は、選好情報から社会的効用が最大となる選好組を交換組合せの候補として選択する。しかしながら、このような選好組の選択は、市場に参加する利用者の数や選好する財の数が増大するに従って、計算量が増大する。この結果、情報提供装置10は、有用な時間内に交換組合せを選択することができなくなる恐れがある。
また、情報提供装置10は、ブロックチェーンの技術を用いて、上述した各種処理を実現してもよい。例えば、各利用者Uが利用する端末装置100は、暗号通貨が有するブロックチェーンに対し、自身が所有する財を示す情報を追加して他の端末装置100へと送信する。また、端末装置100は、暗号通貨のブロックチェーンを参照し、他の利用者が所有する財の情報を取得するとともに、他の利用者が所有する財のうち利用者Uが選好する財を示す優先度情報をブロックチェーンに追加する。
以下、上記した情報提供装置10が有する機能構成の一例について説明する。図7は、実施形態に係る情報提供装置の構成例を示す図である。図7に示すように、情報提供装置10は、通信部20、記憶部30、および制御部40を有する。
続いて、図10を用いて、情報提供装置10が実行する選択処理の流れについて説明する。図10は、実施形態に係る情報提供装置が実行する選択処理の流れの一例を示すフローチャートである。
上記では、情報提供装置10が各利用者Uの端末装置100から収集した優先度情報に基づいて、社会的効用が最大となる交換組合せの選択を行った。しかしながら、実施形態は、これに限定されるものではない。
上述した例では、情報提供装置10または端末装置100による選択処理の一例について説明した。しかしながら、実施形態は、これに限定されるものではない。以下、選択処理のバリエーションについて説明する。
上述した例では、情報提供装置10または端末装置100が単体で実行する処理の一例について記載した。しかしながら、実施形態は、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、情報提供装置10および端末装置100は、上述した処理の一部を他の装置に実行させてもよい。また、情報提供装置10が有する財情報データベース31やバッファデータベース32に登録された情報は、ブロックチェーン内にブロックとして登録されてもよい。
情報提供装置10は、各利用者から取得した優先度情報から選好情報を生成した。しかしながら、実施形態は、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、情報提供装置10は、優先度情報と選好情報とを個別に受け付けてもよい。また、情報提供装置10は、優先度情報として、自身の財よりも好ましい財についての優先度のみを示す優先度情報を取得してもよい。
上述した例では、端末装置100は、電子通貨のブロックチェーンを用いて、財の交換を実施した。しかしながら、実施形態は、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、端末装置100は、上述した選択処理により、電子通貨そのものの取引を行ってもよい。すなわち、端末装置100は、電子通貨の取引における合意形成アルゴリズムとして、上述した選択処理を実行し、実行結果により得られる交換組合せに従って、各利用者の電子通貨の取引を実現してもよい。このような処理の結果、例えば、端末装置100は、各種の企業が発行する私的な電子通貨の取引のみならず、例えば、国家により発行される電子通貨、すなわち、ソブリンクリプトカレンシーの取引を実現してもよい。例えば、端末装置100は、ビットコインとイーサリアムとの交換のため、上述した選択処理を実行してもよく、また、電子通貨と各種商品や役務との交換のため、上述した選択処理を実行してもよい。
また、上記実施形態において説明した各処理のうち、自動的に行われるものとして説明した処理の全部または一部を手動的に行うこともでき、逆に、手動的に行われるものとして説明した処理の全部または一部を公知の方法で自動的に行うこともできる。この他、上記文書中や図面中で示した処理手順、具体的名称、各種のデータやパラメータを含む情報については、特記する場合を除いて任意に変更することができる。例えば、各図に示した各種情報は、図示した情報に限られない。
また、上述した実施形態に係る情報提供装置10は、例えば図13に示すような構成のコンピュータ1000によって実現される。図13は、ハードウェア構成の一例を示す図である。コンピュータ1000は、出力装置1010、入力装置1020と接続され、演算装置1030、一次記憶装置1040、二次記憶装置1050、出力IF(Interface)1060、入力IF1070、ネットワークIF1080がバス1090により接続された形態を有する。
上述したように、情報提供装置10は、複数の利用者がそれぞれ表明した、各利用者が所有する財のうち自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する財を示す選好情報を取得する。そして、情報提供装置10は、選好情報に基づいて、複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する。また、情報提供装置10は、複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、各利用者の他の財に対する好ましさの順位に基づいたTTC(Top Trading Cycle)アルゴリズムにより、その複数の組み合わせからいずれかの組み合わせを選択する。このような処理の結果、情報提供装置10は、各利用者の財がアップグレードするような交換組合せを選択することができるので、適切な財の交換を実現することができる。
20 通信部
30 記憶部
31 財情報データベース
32 バッファデータベース
40 制御部
41 取得部
42 特定部
43 選択部
44 出力部
45 生成部
46 設定部
100~107 端末装置
Claims (15)
- 複数の利用者がそれぞれ表明した、各利用者が所有する財のうち自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する財を示す選好情報を取得する取得部と、
前記選好情報に基づいて、前記複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する特定部と、
前記特定部により複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、各利用者の他の財に対する好ましさの順位に基づいたTTC(Top Trading Cycle)アルゴリズムにより、当該複数の組み合わせからいずれかの組み合わせを選択する選択部と
を有することを特徴とする選択装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記利用者が自身の財よりも好ましいと評価する財と、各財に対する好ましさの順位とを示す優先度情報に基づいて、前記選好情報を取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、前記利用者が自身の財よりも好ましいと評価する財の情報のみに基づいて、前記複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部により単一の組み合わせた特定された場合は、前記複数の利用者間で行われる財の交換態様を示す交換情報として当該特定された組み合わせを出力し、前記特定部により複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、前記交換情報として前記選択部により選択された組み合わせを出力する出力部
を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、自身の財を自身の財よりも好ましい他の利用者の財と交換する利用者の数が最大となる組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、自身の財を自身の財よりも好ましい他の利用者の財と交換する利用者の数と、自身の財を他の財と交換したくない利用者であって、当該利用者の財を他の利用者の財と交換しない利用者の数との合計が最大となる組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、自身の財を自身の財よりも好ましくない他の利用者の財と交換する利用者の数が最小となる組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、各利用者のうち、他の利用者から好ましいと評価される財を所有していない利用者を財の交換対象から除外する処理を繰り返し実行することで、財の交換を行う利用者の組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~7のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 前記特定部は、前記選好情報と、当該選好情報が取得された場合に可能な前記組み合わせであって、自身の財を自身の財よりも好ましい他の利用者の財と交換する利用者の数が最大となる組み合わせとを対応付けた交換候補情報に基づいて、前記選好情報から、前記複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~8のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 利用者の数、若しくは、各利用者が自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する他の利用者の財の組み合わせごとに、前記交換候補情報を生成する生成部
をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の選択装置。 - 前記生成部は、利用者が利用する端末装置に前記交換候補情報を生成させ、
前記交換候補情報を生成した端末装置を利用する利用者に対し、所定の報酬を設定する設定部
をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の選択装置。 - 前記生成部は、前記利用者に対して提供されるトークンが有するブロックチェーンに対し、前記生成部により生成された交換候補情報を含むブロックを追加する
を有することを特徴とする請求項10または11に記載の選択装置。 - 前記生成部は、前記選択部により選択された組み合わせに従って前記財の交換が行われた場合は、前記利用者に対して提供されるトークンが有するブロックチェーンに対し、前記財の交換に関する交換情報を含むブロックを追加する第2追加部
を有することを特徴とする請求項10~12のうちいずれか1つに記載の選択装置。 - 選択装置が実行する選択方法であって、
複数の利用者がそれぞれ表明した、各利用者が所有する財のうち自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する財を示す選好情報を取得する取得工程と、
前記選好情報に基づいて、前記複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する特定工程と、
前記特定工程により複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、各利用者の他の財に対する好ましさの順位に基づいたTTC(Top Trading Cycle)アルゴリズムにより、当該複数の組み合わせからいずれかの組み合わせを選択する選択工程と
を含むことを特徴とする選択方法。 - 複数の利用者がそれぞれ表明した、各利用者が所有する財のうち自身が所有する財よりも好ましいと評価する財を示す選好情報を取得する取得手順と、
前記選好情報に基づいて、前記複数の利用者間で財の交換を行う組み合わせを特定する特定手順と、
前記特定手順により複数の組み合わせが特定された場合は、各利用者の他の財に対する好ましさの順位に基づいたTTC(Top Trading Cycle)アルゴリズムにより、当該複数の組み合わせからいずれかの組み合わせを選択する選択手順と
をコンピュータに実行させるための選択プログラム。
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JP2017010100A (ja) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-01-12 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 物々交換支援装置 |
JP2018205985A (ja) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-27 | 富士通株式会社 | 管理方法、管理プログラム、管理システムおよび管理装置 |
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JP2017010100A (ja) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-01-12 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 物々交換支援装置 |
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