WO2021212829A1 - 一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法 - Google Patents

一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021212829A1
WO2021212829A1 PCT/CN2020/131649 CN2020131649W WO2021212829A1 WO 2021212829 A1 WO2021212829 A1 WO 2021212829A1 CN 2020131649 W CN2020131649 W CN 2020131649W WO 2021212829 A1 WO2021212829 A1 WO 2021212829A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer
hydraulic
cylinder
limit
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131649
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈连军
吴珂珂
孟昭胜
马官国
时志伟
Original Assignee
山东科技大学
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Publication of WO2021212829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212829A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
    • E21D15/45—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props having closed fluid system, e.g. with built-in pumps or accumulators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/46—Telescopic props with load-measuring devices; with alarm devices
    • E21D15/465—Telescopic props with load-measuring devices; with alarm devices with essential hydraulic or pneumatic details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of coal mine safety equipment, in particular to a buffer type mine supporting equipment and a supporting method.
  • the advanced support is the most important supporting equipment for the end roadway of coal mining face. During the supporting process, it can effectively resist the advance disturbance of the working face, control the deformation of the surrounding rock, and provide a safe working space for the passage of coal mining equipment and personnel.
  • Rock burst is one of the major dynamic disasters that cause the instability of working face support during underground mining. When rock burst occurs, the surrounding rock mass of the coal mining face will release huge energy in an instant, causing a serious impact on the supporting equipment and seriously affecting the safe production of the working face. Therefore, how to effectively control and reduce the huge impact disaster caused by rock burst is the key to ensure the safe mining of the working face.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a buffer type mining supporting equipment, which has good supporting safety effect, better pressure relief protection, quick early warning and convenient later maintenance.
  • a buffer type mine support equipment includes a hydraulic system and a plurality of buffer support devices, each two adjacent buffer support devices are connected by a first transition plate assembly;
  • the buffer support device includes a first base, a first The base is provided with a first main frame.
  • the first main frame is provided with a first hydraulic prop, a buffer and a second hydraulic prop from left to right.
  • the upper ends of the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop are provided with a floating roof beam ;
  • the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump station.
  • the hydraulic pump station is connected to the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop through a first hydraulic delivery oil pipe and a second hydraulic delivery oil pipe respectively.
  • the first hydraulic prop is connected to the buffer via the first hydraulic buffer oil pipe.
  • the second hydraulic prop is connected to the buffer through the second hydraulic buffer tubing;
  • the buffer includes a buffer cylinder and a movable cylinder assembly arranged in the buffer cylinder.
  • the upper end of the buffer cylinder is connected with a buffer cylinder head
  • the lower end of the buffer cylinder cover is connected with a guide column
  • the middle of the guide column is connected with a first buffer limiter.
  • Pin, the guide post above the first buffer limit pin is fitted with a limit clamp and a first limit spring in sequence.
  • a pull-wire sensor is connected between the buffer cylinder head and the limit clamp
  • the lower part of the guide post is connected with a second Buffer limit pin
  • the movable cylinder assembly includes a movable cylinder tube and a movable cylinder plug connected to the lower end of the movable cylinder tube.
  • the movable cylinder tube is sleeved outside the guide column and is positioned and connected with the guide column through a second buffer limit pin.
  • the first base is in the shape of a rectangular plate, each first base is connected with two sets of first transition plate assemblies, and the two sets of first transition connection plates are respectively connected to the left and right parts of the first base ;
  • the first transition plate assembly includes a first upper transition connection plate and a first lower transition support plate, the first upper transition connection plate is connected to the upper end of the first base and is fixedly connected to the side end of the first main frame; the first lower transition support The plate is connected to the lower end of the first upper transition connecting plate and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first base;
  • Both the first upper transition connecting plate and the first lower transition supporting plate are provided with first transition plate pin holes, and every two adjacent first transition plate components are connected through the first transition plate provided in the pin holes of the first transition plate The rod assembly is connected.
  • the first main frame includes a first outer square frame plate, a first reinforced partition plate and a second reinforced partition plate are provided on the first base in the first outer square frame plate, and the first base is provided with a first reinforced partition plate and a second reinforced partition plate.
  • the second installation groove is located between the first reinforced partition board and the second reinforced partition board, the first installation groove is located on the left side of the first reinforced partition board, and the third installation groove is located on the right side of the second reinforced partition board; buffer cylinder
  • the body is installed in the second installation groove and is connected to the first base in a positioning manner through a positioning shaft pin of the first cylinder body.
  • the lower part of the first hydraulic prop is installed in the first mounting groove, the bottom of the first hydraulic prop is connected to the first base through a first positioning pin, and the middle of the first hydraulic prop is held by a first limiter.
  • the card is connected with the first reinforced partition board;
  • the lower part of the second hydraulic prop is installed in the third installation groove, the bottom of the second hydraulic prop is connected with the first base through the second positioning pin, and the upper part of the second hydraulic prop is clamped and strengthened with the second through the second limit. Partition board connection.
  • the floating roof beam includes a roof beam main plate and a main plate structural reinforcement skin layer connected outside the roof beam main plate.
  • the lower end surface of the roof beam main plate is provided with two roof beam plate grooves, and both the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop pass through
  • the top beam plate groove is positioned and connected with the top beam main board;
  • the lower part of the buffer cylinder is provided with a zero pressure oil return hole, and the zero pressure oil return hole is provided with an oil return hole closing plug.
  • the buffer cylinder body is a circular shell with an open upper end
  • the buffer cylinder head includes an upper buffer cover part and a lower buffer screw-in part, the lower buffer screw-in part is screwed into the buffer cylinder, and the upper buffer cover part is clamped.
  • the right part of the buffer cylinder cover is provided with a first vent hole;
  • the pull-wire sensor includes a first sensor body connected to the lower end of the lower buffer screw-in part, and the first sensor body is connected to the first sensor positioning block provided on the limit clamp through the first pull wire.
  • the limit clamp includes a first clamp limit tube and a first clamp limit ring connected to the upper outer end of the first clamp limit tube, and the first clamp limit tube is sleeved on the guide post Connect with the first buffer limit pin;
  • a first guide column through hole for the first buffer limit pin to pass through is opened in the middle of the guide column, and a first clamp for clamping the first buffer limit pin is opened at the lower end of the first clamp limit tube Card slot
  • the first limit spring is a round spring, and the first limit spring is located between the first clamp limit ring and the buffer cylinder head.
  • the guide column is in the shape of a circular column, and a second guide column through hole for the second buffer limit pin to pass through is opened on the lower part of the guide column;
  • the movable cylinder is cylindrical, the inner diameter of the movable cylinder is greater than the outer diameter of the guide post, and the upper part of the movable cylinder is provided with a first cylinder positioning hole for the second buffer limit pin to pass through; Position the movable cylinder after the buffer limit pin passes through the first cylinder locating hole and the first cylinder locating hole;
  • the movable cylinder plug is in the shape of a circular plate, the outer wall of the movable cylinder plug is connected with the inner wall of the buffer cylinder, and a cylinder sealing ring is arranged between the outer wall of the movable cylinder plug and the inner wall of the buffer cylinder.
  • each hydraulic pump station is connected with a plurality of first hydraulic delivery oil pipes and a plurality of second hydraulic delivery oil pipes, and a first hydraulic oil safety valve is connected in series to the first hydraulic delivery oil pipe , The second hydraulic oil safety valve is connected in series on the second hydraulic delivery oil pipe;
  • a first electromagnetic on-off valve is serially connected to the first hydraulic buffer oil pipe, and a first electromagnetic on-off valve is serially connected to the first hydraulic buffer oil pipe.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mine roadway support method, which not only can safely and effectively support the roadway, but also has a good early warning effect.
  • a mine roadway support method adopts the above-mentioned buffer type mine support equipment, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step A providing a plurality of buffering and supporting devices, placing the plurality of buffering and supporting devices in the area that needs to be supported, and each two adjacent buffering and supporting devices are connected by the first transition plate assembly;
  • Step B Connect the hydraulic pump station with multiple buffer support devices, open the first hydraulic oil safety valve and the second hydraulic oil safety valve, the hydraulic pump station uses the first hydraulic oil delivery pipe and the second hydraulic delivery oil pipe as the first hydraulic pressure
  • the pillar and the second hydraulic pillar are charged with hydraulic oil, and the extension shafts of the first hydraulic pillar and the second hydraulic pillar drive the floating roof beam to rise;
  • Step C Before the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop enter the process of charging the hydraulic oil, the staff controls the first electromagnetic open-close valve and the first electromagnetic open-close valve through the electrical control system matched with the buffer type mine support equipment.
  • the closing valve is closed; when the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop are charged with the input hydraulic oil, the first electromagnetic on-off valve and the first electromagnetic on-off valve are opened, and the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop Part of the hydraulic oil enters the buffer cylinder under the movable cylinder plug;
  • Step D When the floating roof beam is subjected to overload pressure, the hydraulic oil in the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop gradually enters the buffer cylinder under the movable cylinder plug, and the movable cylinder sequentially breaks the second buffer limit The pin and the first buffer limit pin are connected with the limit clamp;
  • Step E At this time, the first limit spring in the compressed state is no longer restricted by the limit of the first buffer limit pin, and the first limit spring in the compressed state will drive the pull-wire sensor and the limit clamp to extend;
  • Step F After the pull-wire sensor responds, it first transmits a warning signal to the electrical control system to remind the support equipment operators to come for maintenance; at the same time, it outputs a feedback control signal and closes the electromagnetic valve to disconnect the buffer from the first The connection of the hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop;
  • Step G use a tool to remove the oil return hole closing plug, remove the high pressure oil in the buffer through the zero pressure oil return hole, and then replace the damaged parts in the buffer.
  • the above-mentioned buffer type mining support equipment is provided with a plurality of buffer support devices, and the connection and positioning of the plurality of buffer support devices are simple, and the processing is convenient.
  • the buffer support device a new type of base and its connecting frame structure are first provided, and the new type of buffer and hydraulic prop can be well positioned.
  • a new type of buffer is provided, which can buffer and relieve the instantaneous peak impact pressure of the hydraulic prop.
  • the device can realize the alarm function after the pressure is relieved and the floating roof beam can continue to be effective after the hydraulic prop is relieved. support.
  • the mine roadway support method of the present invention adopts buffer type mine support equipment, which can complete the support work more safely and conveniently, and can quickly complete the later support early warning and the elimination of hidden safety hazards.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the buffer type mine support equipment.
  • Figure 2 is an isometric schematic diagram of the overall structure of the buffer support device.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of the overall structure of the buffer support device.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the connection structure of the first hydraulic prop, the buffer and the second hydraulic prop.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the connecting structure of the guide post and the first limit spring.
  • Fig. 6 is an isometric schematic diagram of the connecting structure of the guide post and the first limit spring.
  • the present invention provides a buffer type mine supporting equipment and a supporting method.
  • the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not used to limit the present invention.
  • a buffer support equipment for mines includes a hydraulic system 1 and a plurality of buffer support devices, and every two adjacent buffer support devices are connected by a first transition plate assembly 2;
  • the protective device includes a first base 3, a first main frame 31 is provided on the first base 3, and a first hydraulic prop 4, a buffer 5 and a second hydraulic prop 6 are sequentially arranged in the first main frame 31 from left to right.
  • the upper ends of the first hydraulic prop 4 and the second hydraulic prop 6 are provided with a floating roof beam 7.
  • the hydraulic system 1 includes a hydraulic pump station 11, which is connected to a first hydraulic prop 4 and a second hydraulic prop 6 through a first hydraulic conveying oil pipe and a second hydraulic conveying oil pipe respectively.
  • the first hydraulic prop 4 passes through the first hydraulic
  • the buffer oil pipe 41 is connected to the buffer 5
  • the second hydraulic prop 6 is connected to the buffer 5 through the second hydraulic buffer oil pipe 61.
  • the buffer 5 includes a buffer cylinder 51 and a movable cylinder assembly 52 arranged in the buffer cylinder 51.
  • the upper end of the buffer cylinder 51 is connected with a buffer cylinder head 53, and the lower end of the buffer cylinder cover 53 is connected with a guide column 54 and a guide column 54
  • a first buffer limit pin 541 is connected to the middle of the first buffer limit pin 541.
  • a limit clamp 55 and a first limit spring 56, a buffer cylinder head 55 and a limit clamp 56 are sequentially sleeved on the guide column 54 above the first buffer limit pin 541. There is a pull-wire sensor 8 between them.
  • the lower part of the guide column 54 is connected with a second buffer limit pin 542;
  • the movable cylinder assembly 52 includes a movable cylinder tube 521 and a movable cylinder plug 522 connected to the lower end of the movable cylinder tube 521.
  • the movable cylinder tube 521 is sleeved outside the guide column 54 and passes through
  • the second buffer limiting pin 542 is positioned and connected to the guide post 54.
  • the first base 3 is in the shape of a rectangular plate. Each first base 3 is connected with two sets of first transition plate assemblies 32, and the two sets of first transition plates 32 are respectively connected to the left and right parts of the first base 3. .
  • the first transition plate assembly 32 includes a first upper transition connection plate 321 and a first lower transition support plate 322.
  • the first upper transition connection plate 321 is connected to the upper end of the first base 3 and fixedly connected to the side end of the first main frame 31 .
  • the first lower transition support plate 322 is connected to the lower end of the first upper transition connection plate 321 and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first base 3; the first upper transition connection plate 321 and the first lower transition support plate 322 are both provided with a There is a transition plate pin hole 323, and every two adjacent first transition plate assemblies 32 are connected by a first transition connecting rod assembly provided in the first transition plate pin hole.
  • the first main frame 31 includes a first outer square frame plate 311.
  • the first base 3 in the first outer square frame plate 311 is provided with a first reinforced partition plate 312 and a second reinforced partition plate 313, and the first base 3 is provided with There are a first installation groove, a second installation groove and a third installation groove.
  • the second installation groove is located between the first reinforced partition board 312 and the second reinforced partition board 313, the first installation groove is located on the left side of the first reinforced partition board 312, and the third installation groove is located on the right of the second reinforced partition board 313. side.
  • the lower end of the buffer cylinder 51 is installed in the second mounting groove and is connected to the first base 3 by a positioning pin of the first cylinder.
  • the lower part of the first hydraulic prop 4 is installed in the first mounting groove, the bottom of the first hydraulic prop 4 is connected with the first base 3 through a first positioning pin, and the middle of the first hydraulic prop 4 is clamped by the first limit 42 is connected to the first reinforced partition board 312.
  • the lower part of the second hydraulic prop 6 is installed in the third mounting groove, the bottom of the second hydraulic prop 6 is connected to the first base 3 through a second positioning pin, and the upper part of the second hydraulic prop 6 is clamped by a second limit 62 is connected to the second reinforced partition board 313.
  • the floating top beam 7 includes a top beam main plate 71 and a main plate structural reinforcement skin 72 connected to the top beam main plate 71.
  • the lower end surface of the top beam main plate is provided with two top beam plate grooves.
  • the first hydraulic prop 4 and the second hydraulic prop 6 are both It is positioned and connected with the top beam main plate 71 through the top beam plate groove.
  • the lower part of the buffer cylinder 51 is provided with a zero pressure oil return hole 511, and the zero pressure oil return hole 511 is provided with an oil return hole closing plug.
  • the buffer cylinder 51 is a circular shell with an open upper end.
  • the buffer cylinder cover 53 includes an upper buffer cover part and a lower buffer screw-in part.
  • the upper end surface of the cylinder body 51; the right part of the buffer cylinder cover 53 is provided with a first vent hole 531.
  • the pull-wire sensor 8 includes a first sensor body 81, which is connected to the lower end of the lower buffer screw-in part.
  • the positioning block 83 is connected.
  • the limit clamp 55 includes a first clamp limit tube 551 and a first clamp limit ring 552 connected to the upper outer end of the first clamp limit tube 551, and the first clamp limit tube 551 is sleeved on the guide column 54 It is connected with the first buffer limit pin 541 after being up.
  • the guide post 54 is provided with a first guide post through hole for the first buffer limit pin 541 to pass through in the middle. Clamp slot.
  • the first limit spring 56 is a round spring, and the first limit spring 56 is located between the first clamp limit ring 552 and the buffer cylinder head 53.
  • the guide post 54 is in a circular column shape, and a through hole for the second guide post 54 through which the second buffer and limit pin 542 passes is opened on the lower part of the guide post 54.
  • the movable cylinder 521 is cylindrical.
  • the inner diameter of the movable cylinder 521 is greater than the outer diameter of the guide column 54.
  • the upper part of the movable cylinder 521 is provided with a first cylinder positioning hole for the second buffer limit pin 542 to pass through. .
  • the second buffer limiting pin 542 passes through the first cylinder locating hole and the first cylinder locating hole to position the movable cylinder 521.
  • the movable cylinder plug 522 is in the shape of a circular plate.
  • the outer wall of the movable cylinder plug 522 is connected with the inner wall of the buffer cylinder 51.
  • a cylinder sealing ring is provided between the outer wall of the movable cylinder plug 522 and the inner wall of the buffer cylinder 51.
  • each hydraulic pump station 11 is connected with a plurality of first hydraulic delivery oil pipes and a plurality of second hydraulic delivery oil pipes.
  • a second hydraulic oil safety valve is connected in series to the hydraulic delivery oil pipe.
  • the first hydraulic buffer oil pipe 41 is connected in series with a first electromagnetic on-off valve 411, and the second hydraulic buffer oil pipe 61 is connected in series with a second electromagnetic on-off valve 611.
  • a mine roadway support method adopts the above-mentioned buffer type mine support equipment, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step A Provide multiple buffer support devices and place multiple buffer support devices in the area that needs support.
  • the supported area is generally the end lane of the coal mining face, and every two adjacent buffer support devices pass The first transition plate assembly 32 is connected.
  • Step B connect the hydraulic pump station 11 with multiple buffer support devices, open the first hydraulic oil safety valve and the second hydraulic oil safety valve, and the hydraulic pump station is the first hydraulic oil delivery pipe and the second hydraulic delivery oil pipe.
  • the hydraulic prop 4 and the second hydraulic prop 6 are charged with hydraulic oil, and the extension shafts of the first hydraulic prop 4 and the second hydraulic prop 6 drive the floating roof beam to rise.
  • Step C Before the first hydraulic prop 4 and the second hydraulic prop 6 are charged with the hydraulic oil, the staff controls the first electromagnetic on-off valve and the first electromagnetic opening and closing valve through the electric control system matched with the buffer type mining support equipment. The solenoid valve is closed.
  • the first electromagnetic on-off valve and the first electromagnetic on-off valve are opened, and a small part of the hydraulic oil in the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop enters Into the buffer cylinder below the active cylinder plug.
  • Step D When the floating roof beam is subjected to overload pressure, the hydraulic oil in the first hydraulic prop and the second hydraulic prop gradually enters the buffer cylinder under the movable cylinder plug, and the movable cylinder sequentially breaks the second buffer limit The pin and the first buffer limit pin are connected with the limit clamp.
  • Step E At this time, the first limit spring in the compressed state is no longer restricted by the limit of the first buffer limit pin, and the first limit spring in the compressed state will drive the wire-pull sensor and the limit clamp to extend.
  • Step F After the pull-wire sensor responds, it first transmits a warning signal to the electrical control system to remind the support equipment operators to come for maintenance; at the same time, it outputs a feedback control signal and closes the electromagnetic on-off valve, thereby disconnecting the buffer from the first hydraulic The connection of the pillar and the second hydraulic pillar.
  • Step G use a tool to remove the oil return hole closing plug, remove the high pressure oil in the buffer through the zero pressure oil return hole, and then replace the damaged parts in the buffer.
  • the pressure in the lower chamber of the hydraulic prop is connected with the lower chamber of the buffer cylinder, and the oil in the lower chamber of the hydraulic prop is supplied by the static pressure of the roof and the pump station. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the pressure accumulates and supports the roof. At this time, due to the limiting effect of the second buffer limiting pin, the movable cylinder assembly and the upright column in the buffer are always in a static isolation state.
  • the buffer spring is also in a normal pressure state under the limiting action of the first buffer limiting pin and the first buffer limiting pin.
  • the high-pressure liquid under the left and right hydraulic props will enter the new type through the left liquid inlet, the first solenoid valve opening and closing valve, the right liquid inlet, and the second solenoid opening and closing valve.
  • the high-pressure liquid pushes the movable cylinder assembly up to hit the second buffer limit pin.
  • the second buffer limit pin will break, releasing the free movement stroke a of the movable cylinder assembly (usually set to 350 ⁇ 400 mm), and assisting the lowering of the leading bracket Column relief pressure, thereby reducing the peak pressure of the hydraulic prop during the hysteresis phase of the safety valve opening response.
  • the movable cylinder assembly After the movable cylinder assembly reaches the end of the stroke (specially, the length of the free stroke a of the movable cylinder should be less than the length of its movable cylinder b), it will continue to touch the first buffer limit pin.
  • the first buffer limit pin sets the shear fracture stress as the pump station supply pressure. Once it reaches the end of the stroke, even under the action of the pump station working pressure, the first buffer limit pin will break, and the spring is in a constant compression state. No longer restricted by the limit of the first buffer limit pin, the pull-wire sensor and limit clamp will be driven to extend.
  • the pull-wire sensor will perform three actions after detecting the extension of the spring: 1. Send a warning signal to the upper computer (ie, the electrical control system) to remind the support operator to come over and replace the current shock-resistant buffer equipment; 2. Output Feedback control signal, close the electromagnetic opening and closing valve, thereby disconnecting the anti-impact buffer device and the hydraulic prop, ensuring that the hydraulic prop can effectively support the top plate after the impact occurs; 3. Open the zero pressure return port to remove the impact resistance High pressure oil in the device.
  • the upper computer ie, the electrical control system
  • the above-mentioned buffer type mining support equipment is provided with a plurality of buffer support devices, and the connection and positioning of the plurality of buffer support devices are simple, and the processing is convenient.
  • the buffer support device a new type of base and its connecting frame structure are first provided, and the new type of buffer and hydraulic prop can be well positioned.
  • a new type of buffer is provided, which can buffer and relieve the instantaneous peak impact pressure of the hydraulic prop. At the same time, the device can realize the alarm function after pressure relief and continue to effectively support the floating roof beam after the hydraulic prop is relieved.
  • the parts not mentioned in the present invention can be realized by adopting or learning from the existing technology.

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Abstract

一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，包括液压系统和多个缓冲支护装置，缓冲支护装置包括第一底座(3)，第一底座(3)上端的第一主框架(31)内依次设有第一液压支柱(4)、缓冲器(5)和第二液压支柱(6)，第一液压支柱(4)和第二液压支柱(6)的上端设有浮动顶梁(7)；第一液压支柱(4)、第二液压支柱(6)分别通过第一液压缓冲油管(41)、第二液压缓冲油管(61)与缓冲器(5)连接；缓冲器(5)包括缓冲缸体(51)和设在缓冲缸体(51)内的活动缸组件(52)，缓冲缸体(51)的上端连有缓冲缸盖(53)，缓冲缸盖(53)的下端连有导向柱(54)，导向柱(54)通过第一缓冲限位销(541)连接有缓冲弹簧组件，导向柱(54)的下部通过第二缓冲限位销(542)连有活动缸组件。该支护设备具有良好的缓冲支护效果。还公开一种矿用巷道支护方法，采用上述支护设备，该支护方法的支护安全性高。

Description

一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿安全设备领域，具体涉及一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法。
 背景技术
超前支架是煤炭开采工作面端巷最重要的支护设备，其在支护过程中可有效抵抗工作面超前扰动，控制围岩变形，为端巷煤机设备、人员通行提供安全作业空间。冲击地压是井下开采时，造成工作面支护失稳的重大动力灾害之一。当冲击地压发生时，采煤工作面围岩体会在瞬间释放出巨大能量，对支护装备造成严重冲击，严重影响工作面的安全生产。因此如何有效地控制、降低冲击地压产生的巨大冲击灾害是保障工作面安全开采的关键。现有的超前支架（包涵工作面综采支架）在冲击压力来临期间，均依靠支架配备的安全阀溢流进行卸压防冲，而实际使用时由于弹簧式安全阀的时滞效应，导致冲击压力来临瞬间，安全阀并不能迅速开启，从而导致支架立柱内封闭油液迅速升高，造成爆缸伤架、飞阀伤人等一系列问题。
中国专利文献ZL 201310470864.5 及论文文献[矿用缓冲吸能装置及其填充材料试验研究]、[防冲支架的核心吸能构件设计与吸能性能研究]均公布了一种超前支架用破坏式防冲吸能结构，通过吸能结构的变形、破断，实现对顶板冲击压力的性能、缓冲，该方式虽然能在一定程度上缓解顶板冲击压力，但一旦冲击来压发生且吸能结构破坏后，支架即不再能继续工作。因此有必要设计一种抗冲击支架及缓冲器，确保支架在冲击压力出现后仍能继续有效支护顶板。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，该矿用支护设备支护安全效果好，卸压防护更好，预警迅速并且后期维修方便。
本发明为了实现上述目的，采用的技术解决方案是：
一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，包括液压系统和多个缓冲支护装置，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件相连；缓冲支护装置包括第一底座，第一底座上设有第一主框架，第一主框架内从左到右依次设有第一液压支柱、缓冲器和第二液压支柱，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱的上端设有浮动顶梁；
液压系统包括液压泵站，液压泵站通过分别通过第一液压输送油管、第二液压输送油管与第一液压支柱、第二液压支柱连接，第一液压支柱通过第一液压缓冲油管与缓冲器连接，第二液压支柱通过第二液压缓冲油管与缓冲器连接；
缓冲器包括缓冲缸体和设在缓冲缸体内的活动缸组件，缓冲缸体的上端连有缓冲缸盖，缓冲缸盖的下端连有导向柱，导向柱的中部连有第一缓冲限位销，第一缓冲限位销上方的导向柱上依次套有限位卡箍和第一限位弹簧，缓冲缸盖和限位卡箍之间连有拉线式传感器；导向柱的下部连有第二缓冲限位销；活动缸组件包括活动缸筒和连接在活动缸筒下端的活动缸塞，活动缸筒套在导向柱外并通过第二缓冲限位销与导向柱定位连接。
优选的，所述第一底座呈长方形板状，每个第一底座上连接有两组第一过渡板组件，两组第一过渡连接板分被连接在第一底座的左部和右部上；
第一过渡板组件包括第一上过渡连接板和第一下过渡撑板，第一上过渡连接板连接在第一底座的上端并且与第一主框架的侧端固连；第一下过渡撑板连接在第一上过渡连接板的下端并且与第一底座的侧壁固连；
第一上过渡连接板和第一下过渡撑板上均开设有第一过渡板销孔，每相邻的两个第一过渡板组件通过设在第一过渡板销孔内的第一过渡连接杆组件连接。
优选的，所述第一主框架包括第一外方形框板，第一外方形框板内的第一底座上设置有第一加强隔断板和第二加强隔断板，第一底座上设有第一安装凹槽、第二安装凹槽和第三安装凹槽；
第二安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板和第二加强隔断板之间，第一安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板左侧，第三安装凹槽位于第二加强隔断板右侧；缓冲缸体安装在第二安装凹槽内并通过第一缸体定位轴销与第一底座定位连接。
优选的，所述第一液压支柱的下部安装在第一安装凹槽内，第一液压支柱的底部通过第一定位轴销与第一底座连接，第一液压支柱的中部通过第一限位抱卡与第一加强隔断板连接；
第二液压支柱的下部安装在第三安装凹槽内，第二液压支柱的底部通过第二定位轴销与第一底座连接，第二液压支柱的上部通过第二限位抱卡与第二加强隔断板连接。
优选的，所述浮动顶梁包括顶梁主板和连接在顶梁主板外的主板结构加强皮层，顶梁主板的下端面开设有两个顶梁板凹槽，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱均通过顶梁板凹槽与顶梁主板定位连接；
所述缓冲缸体的下部上开设有零压回油孔，零压回油孔内设置有回油孔闭合塞。
优选的，所述缓冲缸体为上端开口的圆形壳，缓冲缸盖包括上缓冲盖板部和下缓冲旋入部，下缓冲旋入部螺旋连接在缓冲缸体内，上缓冲盖板部卡接在缓冲缸体的上端面上；所述缓冲缸盖的右部上开设有第一通气孔；
拉线式传感器包括第一感应器本体，第一感应器本体连接在下缓冲旋入部的下端，第一感应器本体通过第一拉线与设置在限位卡箍上的第一感应器定位块连接。
优选的，所述限位卡箍包括第一卡箍限位管和连接在第一卡箍限位管上部外端的第一卡箍限位环，第一卡箍限位管套在导向柱上后与第一缓冲限位销连接；
所述导向柱的中部开设有用于第一缓冲限位销穿过的第一导向柱通孔，第一卡箍限位管的下端开设有用于卡接第一缓冲限位销的第一卡箍卡槽；
所述第一限位弹簧为圆弹簧，第一限位弹簧位于第一卡箍限位环和缓冲缸盖之间。
优选的，所述导向柱呈圆形柱状，导向柱的下部上开设有用于第二缓冲限位销穿过的第二导向柱通孔；
所述活动缸筒呈圆筒状，活动缸筒的内径值大于导向柱的外径值，活动缸筒的上部开设有用于第二缓冲限位销穿过的第一缸筒定位孔；第二缓冲限位销穿过第一缸筒定位孔和第一缸筒定位孔后将活动缸筒定位；
所述活动缸塞呈圆板状，活动缸塞的外壁与缓冲缸体的内壁相接，活动缸塞的外壁和缓冲缸体的内壁之间设有缸筒密封环。
优选的，所述液压泵站至少有一个，每个液压泵站上连接多个第一液压输送油管和多个第二液压输送油管，第一液压输送油管上串接有第一液压油安全阀，第二液压输送油管上串接有第二液压油安全阀；
第一液压缓冲油管上串接有第一电磁启闭阀，第一液压缓冲油管上串接有第一电磁启闭阀。
本发明的目的在于提供一种矿用巷道支护方法，该支护方法不仅可对巷道进行安全有效的支护，并且预警效果好。
本发明为了实现上述目的，采用的技术解决方案是：
一种矿用巷道支护方法，采用上述缓冲式矿用支护设备，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤A，提供多个缓冲支护装置，将多个缓冲支护装置放置在需要支护的区域，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件相连；
步骤B，将液压泵站与多个缓冲支护装置连接，打开第一液压油安全阀和第二液压油安全阀，液压泵站通过第一液压输送油管和第二液压输送油管为第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱的伸出轴带动浮动顶梁上升；
步骤C，当第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能的过程前，工作人员通过与缓冲式矿用支护设备配套的电气控制系统控制第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀关闭；当第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能完成后，第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀打开，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的一小部分液压油进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内；
步骤D，当浮动顶梁受到过载压力后，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的液压油逐步的进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内，活动缸筒依次顶断第二缓冲限位销和第一缓冲限位销后与限位卡箍相接；
步骤E，此时压缩状态的第一限位弹簧不再受第一缓冲限位销的限位约束，压缩状态的第一限位弹簧将带动拉线式传感器及限位卡箍进行伸出动作；
步骤F，拉线式传感器响应后，首先向电气控制系统中传递警示信号，提醒支护设备作业人员前来检修；同时，输出反馈控制信号，关闭电磁启闭阀，从而断开缓冲器与第一液压支柱、第二液压支柱的连接；
步骤G，使用工具卸下回油孔闭合塞，通过零压回油孔卸除缓冲器内内高压油液，然后更换缓冲器内损坏的部件。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：
上述缓冲式矿用支护设备，设置有多个缓冲支护装置，多个缓冲支护装置连接定位简单，并且加工方便。该缓冲支护装置中，首先设置有新型的底座及其连接框架结构，可对新型的缓冲器和液压支柱进行良好的定位。设置有新型的缓冲器，该缓冲器可以对液压支柱承受的瞬时峰值冲击压力的缓冲泄压，同时该装置可实现卸压后的报警功能以及实现液压支柱卸压后继续对浮动顶梁进行有效支撑。本发明中的矿用巷道支护方法，采用缓冲式矿用支护设备，可更安全方便的完成支护工作，并且可迅速的完成后期的支护预警及安全隐患的排除。
 附图说明
为了清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是缓冲式矿用支护设备整体结构示意图。
图2是缓冲支护装置整体结构等轴测示意图。
图3是缓冲支护装置整体结构正视示意图。
图4是第一液压支柱、缓冲器和第二液压支柱连接结构正视示意图。
图5是导向柱和第一限位弹簧连接结构正视示意图。
图6是导向柱和第一限位弹簧连接结构等轴测示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
本发明提供了一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明：
实施例1
结合图1至图6，一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，包括液压系统1和多个缓冲支护装置，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件2相连；缓冲支护装置包括第一底座3，第一底座3上设有第一主框架31，第一主框架31内从左到右依次设有第一液压支柱4、缓冲器5和第二液压支柱6，第一液压支柱4和第二液压支柱6的上端设有浮动顶梁7。
液压系统1包括液压泵站11，液压泵站11通过分别通过第一液压输送油管、第二液压输送油管与第一液压支柱4、第二液压支柱6连接，第一液压支柱4通过第一液压缓冲油管41与缓冲器5连接，第二液压支柱6通过第二液压缓冲油管61与缓冲器5连接。
缓冲器5包括缓冲缸体51和设在缓冲缸体51内的活动缸组件52，缓冲缸体51的上端连有缓冲缸盖53，缓冲缸盖53的下端连有导向柱54，导向柱54的中部连有第一缓冲限位销541，第一缓冲限位销541上方的导向柱54上依次套有限位卡箍55和第一限位弹簧56，缓冲缸盖55和限位卡箍56之间连有拉线式传感器8。
导向柱54的下部连有第二缓冲限位销542；活动缸组件52包括活动缸筒521和连接在活动缸筒521下端的活动缸塞522，活动缸筒521套在导向柱54外并通过第二缓冲限位销542与导向柱54定位连接。
第一底座3呈长方形板状，每个第一底座3上连接有两组第一过渡板组件32，两组第一过渡连接板32分被连接在第一底座3的左部和右部上。
第一过渡板组件32包括第一上过渡连接板321和第一下过渡撑板322，第一上过渡连接板321连接在第一底座3的上端并且与第一主框架31的侧端固连。
第一下过渡撑板322连接在第一上过渡连接板321的下端并且与第一底座3的侧壁固连；第一上过渡连接板321和第一下过渡撑板322上均开设有第一过渡板销孔323，每相邻的两个第一过渡板组件32通过设在第一过渡板销孔内的第一过渡连接杆组件连接。
第一主框架31包括第一外方形框板311，第一外方形框板311内的第一底座3上设置有第一加强隔断板312和第二加强隔断板313，第一底座3上设有第一安装凹槽、第二安装凹槽和第三安装凹槽。
第二安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板312和第二加强隔断板313之间，第一安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板312左侧，第三安装凹槽位于第二加强隔断板313右侧。
缓冲缸体51的下端部安装在第二安装凹槽内并通过第一缸体定位轴销与第一底座3定位连接。
第一液压支柱4的下部安装在第一安装凹槽内，第一液压支柱4的底部通过第一定位轴销与第一底座3连接，第一液压支柱4的中部通过第一限位抱卡42与第一加强隔断板312连接。
第二液压支柱6的下部安装在第三安装凹槽内，第二液压支柱6的底部通过第二定位轴销与第一底座3连接，第二液压支柱6的上部通过第二限位抱卡62与第二加强隔断板313连接。
浮动顶梁7包括顶梁主板71和连接在顶梁主板71外的主板结构加强皮层72，顶梁主板的下端面开设有两个顶梁板凹槽，第一液压支柱4和第二液压支柱6均通过顶梁板凹槽与顶梁主板71定位连接。
缓冲缸体51的下部上开设有零压回油孔511，零压回油孔511内设置有回油孔闭合塞。
缓冲缸体51为上端开口的圆形壳，缓冲缸盖53包括上缓冲盖板部和下缓冲旋入部，下缓冲旋入部螺旋连接在缓冲缸体51内，上缓冲盖板部卡接在缓冲缸体51的上端面上；所述缓冲缸盖53的右部上开设有第一通气孔531。
拉线式传感器8包括第一感应器本体81，第一感应器本体81连接在下缓冲旋入部的下端，第一感应器本体81通过第一拉线82与设置在限位卡箍55上的第一感应器定位块83连接。
限位卡箍55包括第一卡箍限位管551和连接在第一卡箍限位管551上部外端的第一卡箍限位环552，第一卡箍限位管551套在导向柱54上后与第一缓冲限位销541连接。
导向柱54的中部开设有用于第一缓冲限位销穿541过的第一导向柱通孔，第一卡箍限位管551的下端开设有用于卡接第一缓冲限位销541的第一卡箍卡槽。
第一限位弹簧56为圆弹簧，第一限位弹簧56位于第一卡箍限位环552和缓冲缸盖53之间。导向柱54呈圆形柱状，导向柱54的下部上开设有用于第二缓冲限位销542穿过的第二导向柱54通孔。
活动缸筒521呈圆筒状，活动缸筒521的内径值大于导向柱54的外径值，活动缸筒521的上部开设有用于第二缓冲限位销542穿过的第一缸筒定位孔。第二缓冲限位销542穿过第一缸筒定位孔和第一缸筒定位孔后将活动缸筒521定位。
活动缸塞522呈圆板状，活动缸塞522的外壁与缓冲缸体51的内壁相接，活动缸塞522的外壁和缓冲缸体51的内壁之间设有缸筒密封环。
液压泵站11至少有一个，每个液压泵站11上连接多个第一液压输送油管和多个第二液压输送油管，第一液压输送油管上串接有第一液压油安全阀，第二液压输送油管上串接有第二液压油安全阀。
第一液压缓冲油管41上串接有第一电磁启闭阀411，第二液压缓冲油管61上串接有第二电磁启闭阀611。
实施例2
一种矿用巷道支护方法，采用上述缓冲式矿用支护设备，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤A，提供多个缓冲支护装置，将多个缓冲支护装置放置在需要支护的区域，支护的区域一般为煤炭开采工作面端巷，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件32相连。
步骤B，将液压泵站11与多个缓冲支护装置连接，打开第一液压油安全阀和第二液压油安全阀，液压泵站通过第一液压输送油管和第二液压输送油管为第一液压支柱4和第二液压支柱6输入液压油充能，第一液压支柱4和第二液压支柱6的伸出轴带动浮动顶梁上升。
步骤C，当第一液压支柱4和第二液压支柱6输入液压油充能的过程前，工作人员通过与缓冲式矿用支护设备配套的电气控制系统控制第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀关闭。
当第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能完成后，第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀打开，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的一小部分液压油进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内。
步骤D，当浮动顶梁受到过载压力后，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的液压油逐步的进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内，活动缸筒依次顶断第二缓冲限位销和第一缓冲限位销后与限位卡箍相接。
步骤E，此时压缩状态的第一限位弹簧不再受第一缓冲限位销的限位约束，压缩状态的第一限位弹簧将带动拉线式传感器及限位卡箍进行伸出动作。
步骤F，拉线式传感器响应后，首先向电气控制系统中传递警示信号，提醒支护设备作业人员前来检修；同时输出反馈控制信号，关闭电磁启闭阀，从而断开缓冲器与第一液压支柱、第二液压支柱的连接。
步骤G，使用工具卸下回油孔闭合塞，通过零压回油孔卸除缓冲器内内高压油液，然后更换缓冲器内损坏的部件。
实施例3
上述缓冲式矿用支护设备在使用时，当工作面冲击压力来临前，液压支柱下腔压力与缓冲器的缸体下腔相联通，液压支柱下腔油液在顶板静压及泵站供液压力作用下蓄压撑顶，此时由于第二缓冲限位销的限位作用，缓冲器内的活动缸组件与立柱始终处于静止隔断状态。而缓冲弹簧亦在第一缓冲限位销第一缓冲限位销的限位作用下处于常压状态。
当工作面冲击压力来临（不妨假定冲击压力50 MPa），超出液压支柱安全使用许可范围且第一液压油安全阀和第二液压油安全阀来不及动作时（例如安全阀开启压力46 MPa，则设定安全销A抗剪断裂压力为≥46MPa）。
此时活动缸组件下方液体压力由于和液压支柱相连通，左右液压支柱下方的高压液体将通过左进液口、第一电磁阀启闭阀以及右进液口、第二电磁启闭阀进入新型的缓冲器内，高压液体推动活动缸组件上升撞击第二缓冲限位销。
如上述由于冲击压力大于第二缓冲限位销的抗剪断裂应力，第二缓冲限位销将断裂，释放活动缸组件自由动作行程a（通常设定为350~400 mm），辅助超前支架降柱让压，从而降低液压支柱在安全阀开启响应迟滞阶段的峰值压力。
活动缸组件在到达行程末后（特殊的，活动缸自由行程a长度应小于其活动缸筒长度b），将继续触碰第一缓冲限位销。第一缓冲限位销设定抗剪断裂应力为泵站供液压力，一旦到达行程末，即便在泵站工作压力作用下，第一缓冲限位销亦会断裂，此时处于常压缩状态弹簧不再受第一缓冲限位销的限位约束，将带动拉线式传感器及限位卡箍进行伸出动作。
拉线式传感器在检测到弹簧伸出动作后将执行三个动作：1、 向上位机（即电气控制系统）传递警示信号，提醒支架作业人员前来检修、更换当前抗冲击缓冲装备；2、 输出反馈控制信号，关闭电磁启闭阀，从而断开抗冲击缓冲装置与液压支柱的连接，保证液压支柱在冲击来压出现后仍能有效支撑顶板；3、 开启零压回液口卸除抗冲击装置内高压油液。
上述缓冲式矿用支护设备，设置有多个缓冲支护装置，多个缓冲支护装置连接定位简单，并且加工方便。该缓冲支护装置中，首先设置有新型的底座及其连接框架结构，可对新型的缓冲器和液压支柱进行良好的定位。设置有新型的缓冲器，该可以对液压支柱承受的瞬时峰值冲击压力的缓冲泄压，同时该装置可实现卸压后的报警功能以及实现液压支柱卸压后继续对浮动顶梁进行有效支撑。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中未述及的部分采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，包括液压系统和多个缓冲支护装置，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件相连；缓冲支护装置包括第一底座，第一底座上设有第一主框架，第一主框架内从左到右依次设有第一液压支柱、缓冲器和第二液压支柱，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱的上端设有浮动顶梁；
    液压系统包括液压泵站，液压泵站通过分别通过第一液压输送油管、第二液压输送油管与第一液压支柱、第二液压支柱连接，第一液压支柱通过第一液压缓冲油管与缓冲器连接，第二液压支柱通过第二液压缓冲油管与缓冲器连接；
    缓冲器包括缓冲缸体和设在缓冲缸体内的活动缸组件，缓冲缸体的上端连有缓冲缸盖，缓冲缸盖的下端连有导向柱，导向柱的中部连有第一缓冲限位销，第一缓冲限位销上方的导向柱上依次套有限位卡箍和第一限位弹簧，缓冲缸盖和限位卡箍之间连有拉线式传感器；导向柱的下部连有第二缓冲限位销；活动缸组件包括活动缸筒和连接在活动缸筒下端的活动缸塞，活动缸筒套在导向柱外并通过第二缓冲限位销与导向柱定位连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述第一底座呈长方形板状，每个第一底座上连接有两组第一过渡板组件，两组第一过渡连接板分被连接在第一底座的左部和右部上；
    第一过渡板组件包括第一上过渡连接板和第一下过渡撑板，第一上过渡连接板连接在第一底座的上端并且与第一主框架的侧端固连；第一下过渡撑板连接在第一上过渡连接板的下端并且与第一底座的侧壁固连；
    第一上过渡连接板和第一下过渡撑板上均开设有第一过渡板销孔，每相邻的两个第一过渡板组件通过设在第一过渡板销孔内的第一过渡连接杆组件连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述第一主框架包括第一外方形框板，第一外方形框板内的第一底座上设置有第一加强隔断板和第二加强隔断板，第一底座上设有第一安装凹槽、第二安装凹槽和第三安装凹槽；
    第二安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板和第二加强隔断板之间，第一安装凹槽位于第一加强隔断板左侧，第三安装凹槽位于第二加强隔断板右侧；缓冲缸体安装在第二安装凹槽内并通过第一缸体定位轴销与第一底座定位连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述第一液压支柱的下部安装在第一安装凹槽内，第一液压支柱的底部通过第一定位轴销与第一底座连接，第一液压支柱的中部通过第一限位抱卡与第一加强隔断板连接；
    第二液压支柱的下部安装在第三安装凹槽内，第二液压支柱的底部通过第二定位轴销与第一底座连接，第二液压支柱的上部通过第二限位抱卡与第二加强隔断板连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述浮动顶梁包括顶梁主板和连接在顶梁主板外的主板结构加强皮层，顶梁主板的下端面开设有两个顶梁板凹槽，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱均通过顶梁板凹槽与顶梁主板定位连接；
    所述缓冲缸体的下部上开设有零压回油孔，零压回油孔内设置有回油孔闭合塞。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述缓冲缸体为上端开口的圆形壳，缓冲缸盖包括上缓冲盖板部和下缓冲旋入部，下缓冲旋入部螺旋连接在缓冲缸体内，上缓冲盖板部卡接在缓冲缸体的上端面上；所述缓冲缸盖的右部上开设有第一通气孔；
    拉线式传感器包括第一感应器本体，第一感应器本体连接在下缓冲旋入部的下端，第一感应器本体通过第一拉线与设置在限位卡箍上的第一感应器定位块连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述限位卡箍包括第一卡箍限位管和连接在第一卡箍限位管上部外端的第一卡箍限位环，第一卡箍限位管套在导向柱上后与第一缓冲限位销连接；
    所述导向柱的中部开设有用于第一缓冲限位销穿过的第一导向柱通孔，第一卡箍限位管的下端开设有用于卡接第一缓冲限位销的第一卡箍卡槽；
    所述第一限位弹簧为圆弹簧，第一限位弹簧位于第一卡箍限位环和缓冲缸盖之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述导向柱呈圆形柱状，导向柱的下部上开设有用于第二缓冲限位销穿过的第二导向柱通孔；
    所述活动缸筒呈圆筒状，活动缸筒的内径值大于导向柱的外径值，活动缸筒的上部开设有用于第二缓冲限位销穿过的第一缸筒定位孔；第二缓冲限位销穿过第一缸筒定位孔和第一缸筒定位孔后将活动缸筒定位；
    所述活动缸塞呈圆板状，活动缸塞的外壁与缓冲缸体的内壁相接，活动缸塞的外壁和缓冲缸体的内壁之间设有缸筒密封环。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲式矿用支护设备，其特征在于，所述液压泵站至少有一个，每个液压泵站上连接多个第一液压输送油管和多个第二液压输送油管，第一液压输送油管上串接有第一液压油安全阀，第二液压输送油管上串接有第二液压油安全阀；
    第一液压缓冲油管上串接有第一电磁启闭阀，第一液压缓冲油管上串接有第一电磁启闭阀。
  10. 一种矿用巷道支护方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至9任意一项所述的缓冲式矿用支护设备，具体包括如下步骤：
    步骤A，提供多个缓冲支护装置，将多个缓冲支护装置放置在需要支护的区域，每相邻的两个缓冲支护装置通过第一过渡板组件相连；
    步骤B，将液压泵站与多个缓冲支护装置连接，打开第一液压油安全阀和第二液压油安全阀，液压泵站通过第一液压输送油管和第二液压输送油管为第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱的伸出轴带动浮动顶梁上升；
    步骤C，当第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能的过程前，工作人员通过与缓冲式矿用支护设备配套的电气控制系统控制第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀关闭；当第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱输入液压油充能完成后，第一电磁启闭阀和第一电磁启闭阀打开，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的一小部分液压油进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内；
    步骤D，当浮动顶梁受到过载压力后，第一液压支柱和第二液压支柱内的液压油逐步的进入到活动缸塞下方的缓冲缸体内，活动缸筒依次顶断第二缓冲限位销和第一缓冲限位销后与限位卡箍相接；
    步骤E，此时压缩状态的第一限位弹簧不再受第一缓冲限位销的限位约束，压缩状态的第一限位弹簧将带动拉线式传感器及限位卡箍进行伸出动作；
    步骤F，拉线式传感器响应后，首先向电气控制系统中传递警示信号，提醒支护设备作业人员前来检修；同时，输出反馈控制信号，关闭电磁启闭阀，从而断开缓冲器与第一液压支柱、第二液压支柱的连接；
    步骤G，使用工具卸下回油孔闭合塞，通过零压回油孔卸除缓冲器内内高压油液，然后更换缓冲器内损坏的部件。
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CN104265343A (zh) * 2014-09-28 2015-01-07 辽宁工程技术大学 冲击地压巷道迈步式吸能防冲支架
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CN106321131A (zh) * 2016-11-19 2017-01-11 无锡市洗选设备厂 快连接式缓冲掩护支架
CN111594235A (zh) * 2020-04-22 2020-08-28 山东科技大学 一种缓冲式矿用支护设备及支护方法

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CN114086996A (zh) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-25 重庆大学 一种分级吸能自启防冲装置及方法
CN114086996B (zh) * 2021-11-16 2023-12-01 重庆大学 一种分级吸能自启防冲装置及方法
NL2030437B1 (en) * 2022-01-05 2023-07-10 Univ Liaoning Technical Support-spallation integrated system for preventing damage of surrounding rock of roadway by rock burst
CN114449807A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-05-06 武汉新烽光电股份有限公司 一种具备接口工业物联网控制器
CN114449807B (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-09-27 武汉新烽光电股份有限公司 一种具备接口工业物联网控制器

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