WO2021196649A1 - 一种射流式原位取土器 - Google Patents

一种射流式原位取土器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196649A1
WO2021196649A1 PCT/CN2020/129917 CN2020129917W WO2021196649A1 WO 2021196649 A1 WO2021196649 A1 WO 2021196649A1 CN 2020129917 W CN2020129917 W CN 2020129917W WO 2021196649 A1 WO2021196649 A1 WO 2021196649A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil
soil sample
head
gel
jet
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PCT/CN2020/129917
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周燕国
田雨
周鑫辉
陈仕海
陈云敏
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浙江大学
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Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Publication of WO2021196649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196649A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of engineering geological drilling, in particular to a jet-type in-situ soil extractor, which can be used for class I sampling of soft soil and sand.
  • the standard level of soil samples can provide for physical and mechanical tests or soil layer division. Test sample.
  • Engineering geological survey is a geological survey and research work carried out to find out the geological factors affecting engineering buildings, and provide a basis for determining the protective measures to ensure the stability and normal use of the building.
  • the soil extractor is a tool used to collect soil samples from the engineering site.
  • the soil samples obtained are transported back to the laboratory to determine the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the site through indoor tests, including density, void ratio, water content, specific gravity, internal friction angle, and cohesion. Force, consolidation coefficient, unconfined compressive strength, etc., provide parameters for subsequent engineering design.
  • the sampling quality of the soil extractor directly determines the accuracy of these basic physical and mechanical parameters. If the sampling quality is poor, the measured basic physical and mechanical parameters are inaccurate, which will lead to the design being too conservative, increasing the project cost, or the design is too dangerous. Causes engineering accidents, so it is very necessary to obtain high-quality soil samples.
  • Soft clay is a type of soil often encountered in engineering geological surveys.
  • the main characteristics of soft clay are high natural water content, large natural void ratio, high compressibility, low shear strength, small consolidation coefficient, long consolidation time, High sensitivity, large disturbance, poor water permeability, etc.
  • the physical and mechanical properties measured in the laboratory reflect the physical and mechanical properties of the natural soil layer. The soil samples are taken during the sampling process.
  • the degree of disturbance directly affects the reliability of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the indoor test, that is, when the soil sample is disturbed very little, the indoor physical and mechanical indexes can truly reflect the physical and mechanical properties of the natural soil; when the soil sample is greatly disturbed, the indoor The physical and mechanical indexes of ⁇ cannot reflect the physical and mechanical properties of the natural soil layer, and the gap between the two is too large. For sandy soil, there is almost no cohesion between particles, which makes sampling difficult.
  • the soil extractors on the market currently perform well in soft clay sampling, but it is difficult to obtain high-quality sand samples in sand sampling.
  • the main reasons are as follows: 1 The volume of the sand sample is compressed or expanded during the sampling process, resulting in the sand sample The change in the relative density, the structural damage is caused by the high friction between the sand sample and the inner tube wall, or the sample tube diameter is larger than the cutting shoe diameter, which causes the soil sample to relax; 2The effective stress Recovery and related changes will lead to the deformation of the soil sample; 3The sand sample is easy to fall off when taken out of the borehole, resulting in the defect of the soil sample.
  • the current soil extractor in the process of taking soil, cannot reduce the disturbance to the soil sample very well. Specifically, it includes the disturbance caused by the squeezing of the soil when the soil extractor penetrates the soil and the soil sample Disturbance caused by wall friction.
  • the patent document CN101140201A designed a hydraulic thin-wall soil extractor.
  • the soil extractor is a hollow drill rod connected with a water diversion head.
  • the water diversion head is connected to the piston rod and the outer cylinder.
  • a movable piston sealing sliding sleeve is on the piston rod and is sealed and slidingly fitted with the inner wall of the outer cylinder.
  • the movable piston is connected with a soil In the sample cylinder, a fixed piston is connected to the lower end of the piston rod. When the water pressure is passed from the drill rod to the moving piston, the moving piston is pressed down to force the soil sample cylinder to be pressed into the soil.
  • the fixed piston cannot move.
  • the patent document CN105699118A designed a soil sampler directly used for the dynamic characteristics test of undisturbed sand samples.
  • the inner spring is pressed on the top of the inner tube in the lower outer tube.
  • the inner tube is screwed on the waste soil pipe; Cut into the upper end of the shoe, this invention combines the traditional drilling and collection process of the original sample with the laboratory processing and preparation link.
  • the original sand sample is easy to store and disassemble, and it can be directly installed on the dynamic triaxial apparatus or resonance.
  • the dynamic characteristics test of the undisturbed sand sample was carried out on the column instrument.
  • the current soil extractor will inevitably produce a squeezing effect during the process of penetrating the soil layer, which will cause greater disturbance to the soil sample, and there is a greater gap between the two when the soil sample enters the inner sampling tube.
  • the friction force caused by the soil sample is too much disturbed, and the physical and mechanical indicators of the indoor geotechnical test are distorted, which cannot reflect the physical and mechanical properties of the in-situ soil on site, and affects the engineering design and construction.
  • the present invention discloses a jet-type in-situ soil extractor for on-site in-situ sampling, which is suitable for soft clay and sand sampling, and can simultaneously solve the problem of soil penetration
  • the soil squeezing effect is obvious during the layering process, the soil sample and the inner wall of the sampling tube have too much friction during sampling, the relative density of the soil sample changes during the sampling process, structural damage, and the soil sample is easy to fall off when the soil sampler is taken out after the sampling is completed, resulting in defects, etc. problem.
  • the high-pressure water jet ejected by the water jet assembly cuts the soil and drills the hole to clear the soil.
  • a jet-type in-situ soil extractor is used to obtain soil samples and maintain its in-situ characteristics.
  • the first radius of the longitudinal axis defines a soil sample collection chamber, and the soil sample entering the soil sample collection chamber is covered with a gel solution to maintain its in-situ characteristics; and, a drilling mechanism along the longitudinal
  • the axis downwardly applies force to the cutting mechanism, and it is equipped with a waterjet assembly that rotates around the longitudinal axis. The cutting resistance of the cutting mechanism.
  • the cutting mechanism includes a connecting outer cylinder and a cutting shoe fixedly connected to the connecting outer cylinder.
  • the drilling mechanism includes a rotating head driven by a power source to rotate around the longitudinal axis, and an outer cylinder fixedly connected to the rotating head, and the water jet assembly is fixedly installed on the outer cylinder.
  • the drilling mechanism is connected to the cutting mechanism through a rotation stop assembly to transmit the displacement of the rotary head on the longitudinal axis to the non-rotatable connecting outer cylinder while the rotary head rotates.
  • the anti-rotation assembly includes a force transmission head and an axial bearing; wherein the ferrule of the axial bearing is fixedly mounted on the rotating head, and the shaft ring is fixedly mounted on the force transmission head;
  • the shaft ring is arranged inside the ferrule and can move up and down along the longitudinal axis.
  • the ferrule or the rotating head applies axial pressure to the shaft ring through a loading spring to generate a loading force for cutting the soil sample on the cutting shoe.
  • the upper end of the loading spring presses against the rotating head, and the lower end presses against the shaft ring.
  • the anti-rotation assembly further includes at least one radial sliding bearing, which is fixedly connected to the ferrule, and the force transmission head has a shaft portion passing through the radial sliding bearing.
  • the connecting outer cylinder is fixedly installed on the force transmission head, and the connection outer cylinder is built with a gel storage chamber surrounded by the connection inner cylinder, the floating piston and the force transmission head; wherein, the connection The inner cylinder is fixedly installed on the force transmission head, and there is a gap between it and the connecting outer cylinder to form a gel squeezing passage connecting the gel storage chamber and the soil sample collection chamber.
  • the upper part of the connecting inner cylinder has an opening. The hole connects the gel squeezing channel and the gel storage chamber; wherein the floating piston is arranged in the connecting inner cylinder and the two are connected in a sealed sliding fit.
  • the soil sample collection chamber is formed by a floating piston and a connecting inner cylinder.
  • the floating piston moves upward, the soil sample collection chamber gradually increases, and the gel storage chamber gradually increases. Decrease; a soil sample collection port for the soil sample to enter the soil sample collection chamber is formed inside the cutting shoe.
  • the inner diameter of the soil sample collection chamber is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the soil sample collection port to form a glue injection gap between the inner wall of the inner cylinder and the outer wall of the captured soil sample for the gel to coat the soil sample.
  • the bottom of the connecting inner cylinder is provided with a glue injection hole connecting the soil sample collection chamber and the gel squeezing channel.
  • the rotating head is provided with a gel discharge hole, and the gel storage chamber is in communication with the gel discharge hole via a gel overflow tube to discharge excess gel; wherein, the gel overflow tube is fixed on the rotating head.
  • the gel storage chamber is inserted into the gel storage chamber via the force-transmitting pressure head, and the gel overflow tube is in sealed contact with the force-transmitting pressure head.
  • the rotating head is equipped with a multi-universal water head which is connected to the waterjet assembly via the rotating head and a high-pressure water pipe, and the rotating head is provided with a water distribution pipeline connecting the high-pressure water pipe and the multi-universal water head.
  • the ultra-high-pressure water jet ejected by the water jet is used to cut the soil and drill holes to clear the holes, which has high efficiency, almost no soil squeezing effect, and little disturbance to the soil.
  • the entire borrowing device has a modular design and a standardized structure. The parts are screwed together to make it easy to disassemble.
  • the floating piston Before taking soil, the floating piston is placed at the bottom of the soil extractor and is flush with the cutting shoe edge, which can completely prevent the mud in the borehole from entering the connecting inner cylinder, ensuring a high soil sampling ratio.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the jet-type in-situ soil extractor according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the floating piston of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the gel coating ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a disassembly diagram of the waterjet assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the jet-type in-situ soil extractor according to the present invention.
  • the soil extractor includes a multi-universal water head 11, a soil extractor head 10, a transmission connecting tube 13, a force transmission head 9, a connecting outer tube 4, a connecting inner tube 3, a gel coating ring 7, and a cutting shoe 1.
  • the rotor end on the lower side of the multi-universal water head 11 is connected with the soil extractor head 10 by bolts
  • the external thread of the lower end side wall of the soil extractor head 10 is connected with the internal thread of the upper end of the outer cylinder 5, and the inner concave hole at the lower end of the soil extractor head 10
  • the internal thread is connected with the external thread on the upper end of the transmission connecting cylinder 13.
  • the transmission connection cylinder 13 is equipped with a loading spring 12, an axial bearing 14, a force transmission head 9 and a radial sliding bearing 15, and the transmission pressure head 9 is subjected to the axial direction
  • the axial thrust transmitted by the bearing 14 and the radial force transmitted by the radial sliding bearing 15 are thereby indirectly fixed in the transmission connecting cylinder 13, and the external thread of the side wall of the force transmitting head 9 is connected with the internal thread connecting the upper end of the outer cylinder 4.
  • the outer thread of the lower flange of the force transmission head 9 is connected with the inner thread connecting the upper end of the inner cylinder 3, the outer thread connecting the lower end of the inner cylinder 3 is connected with the inner thread of the upper end of the gel coating ring 7, and the floating piston 8 is connected with the inner thread
  • the tube 3 is sealed and slidingly fitted and placed at the bottom.
  • the outer thread connecting the lower end of the outer tube 4 is connected with the inner thread of the upper end of the cutting shoe 1, and the inner thread of the lower end of the outer tube body 5 is connected with the outer thread of the upper end of the jet shoe 2.
  • the waterjet assembly 6 is installed and fixed, and the two ends of the high-pressure water pipe 16 are connected to the soil extractor head 10 and the waterjet assembly 6 respectively.
  • the jet-type in-situ soil extractor of the present invention is used to obtain soil samples and maintain its in-situ characteristics. From the perspective of the overall structure, it has a cutting mechanism and a drilling mechanism. Wherein, the cutting mechanism can move downward along the longitudinal axis to cut into the soil sample, and define a soil sample collection chamber S1 on a first radius perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the soil sample entering the soil sample collection chamber S1 is formed by The gel solution covers the outer peripheral surface to maintain its in-situ characteristics; the drilling mechanism applies downward force to the cutting mechanism along the longitudinal axis, and it is equipped with a water jet assembly 6 that rotates around the longitudinal axis.
  • the knife assembly 6 cuts the soil sample along the circumference on a second radius larger than the first radius to reduce the cutting resistance of the cutting mechanism. That is, the water jet assembly 6 is arranged on the outer side of the cutting mechanism, and the connection between the soil sample and the outside is cut in advance, so as to reduce the cutting resistance of the cutting mechanism.
  • the first radius and the second radius are both fixed values, which are the median diameter of the cutting shoe 1 and the median diameter of the waterjet tip, respectively. In other embodiments, the first radius and the second radius may also be variable values.
  • the cutting mechanism includes a connecting outer cylinder 4 and a cutting shoe 1 fixedly connected to the connecting outer cylinder 4.
  • the drilling mechanism includes a rotating head 10 driven by a power source to rotate around the longitudinal axis, and an outer cylinder 5 fixedly connected to the rotating head 10, and the water jet assembly 6 is fixedly installed on the outer cylinder 5.
  • the drilling mechanism is connected to the cutting mechanism through a rotation stop assembly to transmit the displacement of the rotary head 10 on the longitudinal axis to the non-rotatable connecting outer cylinder (4) while the rotary head 10 rotates.
  • the connecting outer cylinder 4 plays a role of resisting the penetration resistance during the penetration process of the soil extractor, preventing the connecting inner cylinder 3 from being deformed and affecting the quality of soil borrowing.
  • the connecting inner cylinder 3 is used for actual soil extraction and can be easily disassembled.
  • the soil extractor head 10 is provided with a water distribution pipe 24.
  • the upper end of the water distribution pipe 24 is connected to the rotor end of the multi-universal water distribution head 11 through a high-pressure elbow 25, and the lower end of the water distribution pipe 24 is through a high-pressure water pipe.
  • 16 is connected to the water jet assembly 6, and the stator end of the multi-universal water head 11 is connected to the pressurization system on the ground, thereby forming a complete jet system.
  • the multi-universal water head 11 has a through hole, which passes through the connecting pipe on the upper side of the soil extractor head 10, and is connected to the upper end surface of the soil extractor head 10 by means of bolts at the lower rotor end. There is a certain gap between the through hole and the connecting pipe. Clearance.
  • the drill rod drives the soil extractor head 10 to rotate, thereby driving the rotor end of the multi-universal distribution head 11 to rotate.
  • the high-pressure liquid output from the rotor end passes through the water distribution pipeline 24 in the soil extractor head, passes through the high-pressure water pipe 16, and is input to the waterjet assembly 6.
  • the stator end of the multi-universal water head 11 is fixed by a plurality of high-pressure water pipes connected to it, so that high-pressure liquid is supplied to the rotating waterjet assembly.
  • the two ends of the loading spring 12 are respectively in squeeze contact with the inner wall of the recessed hole of the soil extractor head 10 and the upper end surface of the seat plate of the axial bearing 14.
  • the seat plate of the axial bearing 14 is fixedly connected with the transmission connecting cylinder 13, and
  • the shaft piece of the bearing 14 is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the force transmission head 9, and the axial force is transmitted between the two through the rolling elements.
  • the outer ring of the radial sliding bearing 15 is fixedly connected with the lower end side wall of the transmission connecting cylinder 13, and slides radially.
  • the inner ring of the bearing 15 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the force transmission head 9, and the radial force is transmitted between the two through the rolling elements, thereby isolating the connection outer cylinder 4 connected with the force transmission head 9 and the connection inner cylinder 3 Function to prevent them from rotating.
  • the cutting shoe 1 and the connecting outer cylinder 4 are fixed by the axial bearing 14 and the radial sliding bearing 15 through the force transmission head 9.
  • the outer cylinder 5 rotates when the soil is taken, and the cutting shoe 1 and the connecting outer cylinder 4 have a bearing system
  • the isolation does not rotate, and only bears the axial pressure and radial force exerted by the drilling tool.
  • the water jet assembly 6 at the bottom of the outer cylinder 5 cuts the soil layer
  • the cutting shoe 1 connected with the inner cylinder 3 is pressed into the soil layer.
  • the soil sample is pressed into the connecting inner cylinder 3.
  • the axial bearing 14 is loaded by the loading spring 12 to transmit the drilling pressure applied by the drilling tool and provide a more stable load for the cutting shoe 1 during the sampling process.
  • the distance between the cutting shoe 1 and the jet shoe 2 is not fixed.
  • the cutting shoe 1 will penetrate relatively easily, so the cutting shoe 1 The distance from the jet shoe 2 will be close to the maximum distance.
  • the cutting shoe 1 will retract and retreat, bringing the jet shoe 2 closer to the sampling surface, relying on the ultra-high pressure jet to help the cutting shoe 1 penetrate.
  • the axial bearing 14 is composed of a ferrule, a shaft ring, a rolling element, and a retaining structure that holds the rolling element.
  • the ferrule and the shaft ring are arranged side by side in parallel in the axial direction, and the rolling elements are sandwiched between two Between each seat piece and the shaft piece, it is used to bear the axial load; the radial sliding bearing 15 is composed of the outer ring, the inner ring, the rolling element and the retaining structure, and is used to bear the radial load.
  • the anti-rotation assembly includes a force transmission head 9 and an axial bearing 14; wherein the ferrule of the axial bearing 14 is fixedly mounted on the rotating head 10, and the shaft ring is fixedly mounted on the force transmission head 9; wherein, the shaft ring is arranged inside the ring and can move up and down along the longitudinal axis, the ring or rotating head 10 through a loading spring 12 to apply axial pressure to the shaft ring to produce on the cutting shoe 1 Load force to cut into the soil sample.
  • the anti-rotation assembly further includes at least one radial sliding bearing 15 fixedly connected to the ferrule, and the force transmission head 9 has a shaft portion passing through the radial sliding bearing 15 .
  • the top of the connecting inner cylinder 3 is provided with openings 26 along the circumference.
  • the openings 26 connect the inner wall of the inner cylinder 3, the upper end surface of the floating piston 8 and the lower end surface of the force transmission head 9 to the gel containing cavity and the connecting inner cylinder. 3
  • the annular cavity between the outer wall and the inner wall of the connecting outer cylinder 4 is communicated with each other.
  • the side wall of the floating piston 8 is provided with an O-ring groove 27, and an O-ring 28 matching the width of the ring groove is installed in the O-ring groove 27.
  • O-ring groove 27 When sampling O The outer circumference of the sealing ring 28 is in close contact with the inner wall of the connecting inner cylinder 3.
  • the side surface of the gel coating ring 7 is provided with many slits 29 along the circumference, which can allow the gel solution flowing from the annular cavity between the connecting inner cylinder 3 and the connecting outer cylinder 4 to pass, and then to coat
  • the outer surface of the soil sample is taken, and the inner diameter of the gel-coated ring 7 is the same as the inner diameter of the connecting inner cylinder 3.
  • a gel overflow pipe 23 is installed in the soil extractor head 10, and the excess gel solution is discharged into the borehole along the gel overflow pipe 23 to avoid excessive hydraulic pressure inside the soil extractor.
  • the inner diameter of the gel coating ring 7 is the same as the inner diameter of the connecting inner tube 3, and the inner diameter of the cutting shoe 1 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting inner tube 3.
  • the gel solution of the present invention is a polymer gel solution, specifically a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, usually called a PHP polymer. It has good lubricating properties and can adhere to the soil surface like a lubricating oil to form lubricity. A very good film, greatly reducing the friction of soil samples entering the connecting inner cylinder 3.
  • the connecting outer cylinder 4 is fixedly installed on the force transmitting head 9, and the connecting outer cylinder 4 is built in the gel storage formed by the connecting inner cylinder 3, the floating piston 8 and the force transmitting head 9.
  • the upper part of the connecting inner cylinder 3 has an opening 26 to connect the gel squeezing passage and the gel storage chamber S2; wherein, the floating piston 8 is arranged in the connecting inner cylinder 3 and is sealed between the two Style sliding connection.
  • the soil sample collection chamber S1 is formed by the floating piston 8 and the connecting inner cylinder 3, and when the floating piston 8 moves upward, the soil sample collection chamber S1 gradually increases.
  • the gel storage chamber S2 is gradually reduced; a soil sample collection port C1 for the soil sample to enter the soil sample collection chamber S1 is formed inside the cutting shoe 1.
  • the inner diameter of the soil sample collection chamber S1 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the soil sample collection port C1 to form a glue injection gap between the inner wall of the inner cylinder 3 and the outer wall of the collected soil sample for the gel to coat the soil sample.
  • the bottom of the connecting inner cylinder 3 is provided with a glue injection hole connecting the soil sample collection chamber S1 and the gel squeezing channel.
  • the inner diameter of the soil sample collection chamber S1 may also be the same as the inner diameter of the soil sample collection port C1, and the soil sample is sealed by the pressure of the gel storage chamber S2.
  • the spin head 10 is provided with a gel discharge hole, and the gel storage chamber S2 communicates with the gel discharge hole via a gel overflow tube 23 to discharge excess gel; wherein, the gel overflow tube 23 is fixed on the rotating
  • the gel storage chamber S2 is inserted into the gel storage chamber S2 via the force transmission head 10 and the gel overflow tube is in sealed contact with the force transmission head 9.
  • the water jet assembly 6 is composed of a nut 22, a nozzle 21, a connecting rod 20, a water switch 18 and a cylinder 17.
  • the nozzle 21 is installed in the concave hole on the lower side of the connecting rod 20, and fixed by the internal thread of the nut 22 and the external thread on the lower end of the connecting rod 20.
  • the upper external thread of the connecting rod 20 is connected with the internal thread of the lower concave hole of the water switch 18.
  • the internal thread of the recessed hole is connected with the external thread of the lower end of the cylinder 17, an ultra-high pressure water inlet 19 is opened on the side of the water switch 18, and the high pressure air inlet on the top surface of the cylinder 17 is connected to the high pressure water pipe 16 respectively.
  • the pressurization system located on the ground transports high-pressure water through the high-pressure water pipe to the stator end of the multi-universal distribution head 11, from the rotor end of the multi-universal distribution head 11 through the high-pressure elbow 25, the water distribution pipeline 24, and the high-pressure water pipe 16.
  • the cylinder 17 controls the opening and closing of the water switch 18. After the cylinder 17 is ventilated, the cylinder piston pushes open the ejector rod, so that the pressure on the valve needle is reduced, and the high-pressure water can pass through the small hole in the center of the spherical pad The through hole in the center of the connecting rod reaches the nozzle 21.
  • the gas passes through the stator end of the multi-pass water head 11 from the ground, and is output from the rotor end of the multi-pass water head 11, and finally passes through the high-pressure elbow 25, the water distribution pipe 24, and the high-pressure water pipe 16.
  • the cylinder 17 delivered to the water jet assembly 6 controls the opening and closing of the water jet.
  • the rotating head 10 is equipped with a multi-universal water head 11, the multi-universal water head 11 is connected to the waterjet assembly 6 via the rotating head 10 and a high-pressure water pipe, and the rotating head 10 has a high-pressure water pipe 16 and a multiple The water distribution pipe (24) of the wild head 11 is provided.
  • the waterjet assembly 6 of the present invention can also adopt the waterjet structure in the prior art, and can be applied to the present invention after adaptive modification. Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art are implementing the waterjet The component is 6 hours and requires creative work.
  • the drill rod starts to rotate, and the water jet system starts to operate, accompanied by high-pressure water jets ejected from the nozzles of the multiple waterjet assemblies 6 fixed on the jet shoe 2, thereby using the waterjet assembly 6
  • the rotation and the pressure of the high-pressure water column cut the soil to realize drilling and cleaning.
  • the cutting shoe 1 of the soil extractor touches the bottom of the borehole, the cutting shoe 1 begins to penetrate the soil, and the floating piston 8 at the top of the soil sample is pushed by the soil sample below to move relative to it.
  • the connecting inner cylinder 3 moves upward.
  • the polymer gel solution in the connecting inner cylinder 3 is forced to flow into the connecting inner cylinder 3 and the connecting outer cylinder 4 through the opening 26.
  • the polymer gel solution flows out uniformly from the slot 29 of the gel coating ring 7 connected to the lower end of the outer cylinder 4 and is applied to the soil passing through the gel coating ring 7.
  • the excess polymer gel solution can be discharged along the gel overflow pipe 23.
  • the soil sample whose outer surface has been evenly coated with gel enters the connecting inner cylinder 3 upwards. Since the outer surface of the soil sample has been evenly coated with polymer gel, it can effectively reduce The friction force when the soil sample enters the connecting inner cylinder to prevent the soil sample from being disturbed.
  • the drill rod continuously rotates at a moderate speed (40-80 rpm) to drive the outer cylinder body 5 and the jet shoe 2 to rotate, while the bearing system isolates the outer cylinder 4 and the inner cylinder 3 from the connection. To avoid them rotating.
  • a moderate speed 40-80 rpm
  • the jet-type in-situ soil extractor of the present invention drives the outer cylinder and the waterjet assembly to rotate through the drill rod, and uses the high-pressure water column to cut the soil to achieve drilling and cleaning. It not only has high drilling efficiency, but also There is almost no soil squeezing effect and little disturbance to the soil, which creates good conditions for the next cutting into the boot and borrowing soil.
  • the top of the soil sample that enters the cutting shoe pushes the floating piston upwards, thereby extruding the gel solution inside the connecting inner cylinder into the annular space between the inner cylinder and the connecting outer cylinder, and finally passes through the gel
  • the slot at the lower end of the coating ring is evenly coated on the outer surface of the soil sample to ensure that the outer surface of the soil sample forms a smooth gel wrap layer before entering the connecting inner cylinder.
  • the presence of the gel coating effectively reduces the friction between the inner wall of the connecting inner cylinder and the soil sample, making the soil sample smooth and basically frictionless.
  • the disturbance to the soil sample is very small, and the original structure of the soil sample can be maintained as much as possible, providing real soil samples for subsequent geotechnical tests, and ensuring the accuracy of the later soil sample test results.

Abstract

一种射流式原位取土器，用于获取土样并保持其原位特性，其具备：切入机构，其能够沿纵轴线向下移动以切入土样中，并在垂直于纵轴线的第一半径上限定形成土样捕集室(S1)，进入土样捕集室(S1)的土样由凝胶溶液包覆外周面以保持其原位特性；以及，钻进机构，其沿纵轴线向下施力于切入机构，且其配置有绕纵轴线旋转的水刀组件(6)，该水刀组件(6)在大于第一半径的第二半径上沿圆周切割土样以减小切入机构的切入阻力。该取土器采用高压射流切割土壤，钻进清孔，在土样进入连接内筒前通过凝胶溶液包裹土样，极大地减小土样与连接内筒侧壁间的摩擦，极大地减小对土样的扰动，能够最大程度地保持土样的原位特性。

Description

一种射流式原位取土器 技术领域
本发明涉及工程地质钻探领域，具体涉及一种射流式原位取土器，可用于软土和砂土进行I类取样，该标准水平的土样可为土的物理、力学试验或土层划分提供试验样本。
背景技术
工程地质勘察是为查明影响工程建筑物的地质因素而进行的地质调查研究工作，为确定保证建筑物稳定与正常使用的防护措施提供依据。随着我国经济建设需求与发展，以及近年兴建的各种大中型岩土工程项目的增多，对于新型取土器的研发已经成为工程地质勘察领域工作者关心的重要问题。要想取得土的各项物理力学特性指标,目前除了价格昂贵的原位测试外,主要还是采用钻探取样后进行室内土工实验这一手段。取土器是用来采集工程场地土样的工具，取得的土样运回实验室，通过室内试验测定场地的基本物理力学参数，包括密度、孔隙比、含水率、比重、内摩擦角、粘聚力、固结系数、无侧限抗压强度等，为后续工程设计提供参数。其中取土器的取样质量直接决定了这些基本物理力学参数准确与否，如果取样质量很差，测定的基本物理力学参数不准确，会导致设计过于保守，增加工程造价，或者设计偏于危险，容易造成工程事故，因此获得高质量的土样是十分必要的。
工程地质勘察中，主要遇到的是软黏土或者砂土。软黏土是工程地质勘察中经常遇到的一种土类，软黏土的主要特点天然含水量高、天然孔隙比大、压缩性高、抗剪强度低、固结系数小、固结时间长、灵敏度高、扰动性大、透水性差等。在对有软土分布地层的岩土工程勘察中，常常需要对软黏土取样，进行室内土工试验，通过室内测定的物理力学特性指标反映天然土层的物理和力学特性，而取样过程中土样受扰动程度大小，直接影响到室内试验物理力学特性指标的可靠性，即土样受扰动很小时，室内的物理力学指标能够真实反映天然土层物理力学性质；土样受扰动较大时，室内的物理力学指标不能反映天然土层物理力学性质， 两者差距过大。而对于砂性土，由于颗粒间几乎不存在粘聚力，导致取样困难。
目前市面上的取土器，在软黏土取样方面表现尚可，但是在砂土取样方面，很难获得高质量的砂样，主要原因如下：①采样过程中砂样体积压缩或膨胀，造成砂样相对密实度的改变，结构性被破坏，这是由于砂样与内管壁之间存在高摩擦而引起的，或者取样管直径大于切割切入靴直径导致土样松弛而引起的；②有效应力的恢复和相关变化，进而导致土样的变形；③砂样在从钻孔中取出时极易脱落，造成土样的缺损。
目前的取土器，在取土过程中，并不能很好的减小对土样的扰动，具体来说，包括取土器穿透土壤时挤土造成的扰动以及土样在进入取样管时与管壁的摩擦造成的扰动。
例如，专利文献CN101140201A设计了一种水压式薄壁取土器。取土器为空心钻杆下端连着分水头，分水头连接着活塞杆和外筒体，一个动活塞密封滑套于活塞杆上并与外筒体的内壁密封滑配，动活塞连接着一个土样筒，活塞杆的下端连接着一个固定活塞。当水压由钻杆通至动活塞上时，将动活塞压下，迫使土样筒压入土内。固定活塞不能活动，土样筒被压下时固定活塞就相对上升，造成封闭，使土样不至脱落，起拔时外筒体与土样筒一起提起。这种取土器在切入靴穿透土层时挤土效应明显，对土样造成较大的扰动，并且土样和取样内管壁之间会产生过大的摩擦力，造成土样扰动，导致土样结构性损伤。
例如，专利文献CN105699118A设计了一种直接用于原状砂土试样动力特性试验的取土器，取土器的上外筒和下外筒旋装，下外筒两侧有滑槽，上外筒下部内的弹簧压在下外筒内的内筒顶部，内筒顶部有侧耳，侧耳下方在内筒两侧有软管孔，内筒旋装在废土管上；废土管与取土管连接，取土管和切入靴的上端连接，该发明将传统的原状试样的钻孔采集环节与实验室加工制备环节合二为一，砂土原状试样存储和拆卸方便，可直接安装在动三轴仪或共振柱仪上进行砂土原状试样的动力特性试验。但存在的最大问题是切入靴穿透时挤土效应对土壤产生过大的扰动，挤土效应明显，砂样进入取土管时与管壁存在过大的摩擦阻力，砂样天然 结构已经被破坏，受到较大扰动。
总体来看，目前的取土器在穿透土层过程中无可避免地会产生挤土效应，对土样产生较大的扰动，并且在土样进入取样内管时两者间存在着较大的摩擦力，从而造成土样扰动太大，造成室内土工试验物理力学指标失真，无法反应现场原位土的物理力学特性，影响工程设计及施工。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中存在的问题，本发明公开了一种用于现场原位取样的射流式原位取土器，既适用于软黏土又适用于砂土取样，能够同时解决取土器在穿透土层过程中挤土效应明显，取样时土样及取样管内壁摩擦过大，取样过程中土样相对密实度改变，结构性破坏以及取样完成后取土器取出时土样易脱落而造成缺损等这些问题。具体的，通过水刀组件射出的高压水柱切割土壤、钻进清孔，几乎没有挤土效应，避免了传统静压穿透挤土效应明显，对土样产生较大扰动的缺陷，同时在土样进入连接内筒前通过聚合物凝胶溶液包裹土样，极大减小土样所受的侧壁摩擦，尽可能的保持土样原状结构，取得高质量土样。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种射流式原位取土器，用于获取土样并保持其原位特性，其特征在于，具备：切入机构，其能够沿纵轴线向下移动以切入土样中，并在垂直于所述纵轴线的第一半径上限定形成土样捕集室，进入土样捕集室的土样由凝胶溶液包覆外周面以保持其原位特性；以及，钻进机构，其沿所述纵轴线向下施力于所述切入机构，且其配置有绕所述纵轴线旋转的水刀组件，该水刀组件在大于所述第一半径的第二半径上沿圆周切割土样以减小所述切入机构的切入阻力。
进一步地，所述切入机构包括连接外筒和固定连接在连接外筒上的切入靴。
进一步地，所述钻进机构包括受动力源驱动而绕所述纵轴线旋转的旋转头、以及与该旋 转头固定连接的外筒体，所述水刀组件固定安装在外筒体上。
进一步地，所述钻进机构通过止转组件连接切入机构以在其旋转头旋转的同时将旋转头在纵轴线上的位移传递给不可旋转的连接外筒。
进一步地，所述止转组件包括传力压头和轴向轴承；其中，所述轴向轴承的套圈固定安装在旋转头上，其轴圈固定安装在传力压头上；其中，所述轴圈设置在套圈内部且能够沿纵轴线上下移动，所述套圈或旋转头通过一加载弹簧向该轴圈施加轴向压力以在切入靴上产生切入土样的加载力。
进一步地，所述加载弹簧的上端部抵压在旋转头上，其下端部抵压在所述轴圈上。
进一步地，所述止转组件还包括至少一径向滑动轴承，该径向滑动轴承固定连接至所述套圈上，所述传力压头具有穿过所述径向滑动轴承的轴部。
进一步地，所述连接外筒固定安装在传力压头上，且连接外筒内置有由连接内筒、浮动活塞和传力压头共同围设形成的凝胶存储室；其中，所述连接内筒固定安装在传力压头上，且其与连接外筒之间具有间隙以形成连通凝胶存储室和土样捕集室的凝胶挤入通道，所述连接内筒的上部具有开孔以连通凝胶挤入通道和凝胶存储室；其中，所述浮动活塞设置在连接内筒中且二者之间密封式滑配连接。
进一步地，所述土样捕集室是由浮动活塞和连接内筒共同围设形成，且在所述浮动活塞上行时，所述土样捕集室逐渐增大，所述凝胶存储室逐渐减小；所述切入靴内部形成有供土样进入土样捕集室的土样捕集口。
进一步地，所述土样捕集室的内径略大于土样捕集口的内径以在连接内筒的内壁和被捕集土样的外壁之间形成供凝胶包覆土样的注胶间隙；其中，所述连接内筒的底部设置有连通土样捕集室和凝胶挤入通道的注胶孔。
进一步地，所述旋转头上设有凝胶排出孔，所述凝胶存储室经由一凝胶溢出管与凝胶排 出孔连通以排出多余凝胶；其中，所述凝胶溢出管固定在旋转头上，并经由传力压头插入凝胶存储室，且该凝胶溢出管与传力压头密封接触。
进一步地，所述旋转头上配置有多通配水头，该多通配水头经由旋转头、高压水管连通水刀组件，所述旋转头上具有连通高压水管和多通配水头的配水管路。
本发明的有益效果是：
1)在取样过程中，进入切入靴的土样经过凝胶涂覆环被凝胶溶液涂覆包裹，极大地减小土样进入连接内筒时的摩擦，对土样产生的扰动较小，尽可能地保持土样的原状结构。
2)采用聚合物凝胶溶液包裹覆盖土样外表面，避免土样在运输、储存等过程中水分散失。
3)在室内土样需要从取土器推出时，由于土样被聚合物凝胶溶液所包裹，土样与取土管内壁间摩擦很小，尽可能保存土样天然结构。
4)采用水刀射出的超高压水柱切割土壤，钻进清孔，效率高，几乎没有挤土效应，对土壤扰动小。
5)整个取土装置模块化设计，标准化结构，各零件通过螺纹旋紧连接，拆卸简便。
6)在取土之前，浮动活塞置于取土器底部，与切入靴刃尖相平齐，可以完全阻止钻孔中泥浆等进入连接内筒中，保证了土样具有很高的采取比。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述射流式原位取土器的剖视结构示意图。
图2是本发明所述浮动活塞的立体示意图。
图3是本发明所述凝胶涂覆环的立体示意图。
图4是本发明所述水刀组件的拆解图。
图5是本发明所述射流式原位取土器的工作状态示意图。
图中：1，切入靴；2，射流靴；3，连接内筒；4，连接外筒；5，外筒体；6，水刀组件； 7，凝胶涂覆环；8，浮动活塞；9，传力压头；10，旋转头；11，多通配水头；12，加载弹簧；13，传动连接筒；14，轴向轴承；15，径向滑动轴承；16，高压水管；17，气缸；18，水开关；19，高压进水口；20，连接杆；21，喷嘴；22，螺母；23，凝胶溢出管；24，配水管路；25，高压弯头；26，开孔；27，O型密封圈环槽；28，O型密封圈，29，狭槽
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例做进一步的说明。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应该理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
如图1所示，取土器包括多通配水头11、取土器头10、传动连接筒13、传力压头9、连接外筒4、连接内筒3、凝胶涂覆环7、切入靴1、浮动活塞8、外筒体5、高压水管16、水刀组件6、射流靴2。其中，多通配水头11下侧的转子端通过螺栓与取土器头10连接，取土器头10下端侧壁的外螺纹与外筒体5上端的内螺纹连接，取土器头10下端内部凹孔的内螺纹与传动连接筒13上端的外螺纹连接，传动连接筒13内装配有加载弹簧12、轴向轴承14、传力压头9和径向滑动轴承15，传力压头9受到轴向轴承14传递的轴向推力和径向滑动轴承15传递的径向力，从而被间接固定在传动连接筒13内，传力压头9侧壁的外螺纹与连接外筒4上端的内螺纹连接，传力压头9下端凸缘的外螺纹与连接内筒3上端的内螺纹连接，连接内筒3下端的外螺纹与凝胶涂覆环7上端的内螺纹连接，浮动活塞8与连接内筒3密封滑配并置于底部，连接外筒4下端的外螺纹与切入靴1上端的内螺纹连接，外筒体5下端的内螺纹与射流靴2上端的外螺纹连接，射流靴2内安装固定水刀组件6，高压水管16两端分别连接取土器头10和水刀组件6。
本发明的射流式原位取土器，用于获取土样并保持其原位特性，从整体结构上来看，其具备切入机构和钻进机构。其中，切入机构能够沿纵轴线向下移动以切入土样中，并在垂直 于所述纵轴线的第一半径上限定形成土样捕集室S1，进入土样捕集室S1的土样由凝胶溶液包覆外周面以保持其原位特性；钻进机构沿所述纵轴线向下施力于所述切入机构，且其配置有绕所述纵轴线旋转的水刀组件6，该水刀组件6在大于所述第一半径的第二半径上沿圆周切割土样以减小所述切入机构的切入阻力。也即水刀组件6设置在切入机构的外侧，先预先切断土样和外界的连接，从而减小切入机构的切入阻力。在本实施例中，第一半径和第二半径均为固定值，其分别为切入靴1的中径和水刀头的中径。在其它实施方式中，第一半径和第二半径还可以是可变值。
具体来说，所述切入机构包括连接外筒4和固定连接在连接外筒4上的切入靴1。所述钻进机构包括受动力源驱动而绕所述纵轴线旋转的旋转头10、以及与该旋转头10固定连接的外筒体5，所述水刀组件6固定安装在外筒体5上。所述钻进机构通过止转组件连接切入机构以在其旋转头10旋转的同时将旋转头10在纵轴线上的位移传递给不可旋转的连接外筒(4)。
其中，连接外筒4起到抵抗取土器贯入过程中贯入阻力的作用，防止连接内筒3发生变形，影响取土质量。连接内筒3用于实际的取土，并可以方便地拆卸。
具体实施中，连接内筒3内径73.2mm，外径77.2mm；连接外筒4内径87.4mm，外径95.4mm；切入靴1刃尖的内径72.1mm，略小于连接内筒3内径，切入靴1刃角8°，则该取土器内间隙比ICR＝1.50％，接近于0，由于土样侧面在进入取土器时被凝胶溶液覆盖，故内间隙比很小时，土样与连接内筒3间的摩擦也很小。
如图1所示，取土器头10开有配水管路24，配水管路24的上端通过高压弯头25与多通配水头11的转子端开孔连接，配水管路24的下端通过高压水管16与水刀组件6连接，而且多通配水头11的定子端与地面的增压系统相连，从而形成完整的射流系统。
其中，多通配水头11开有通孔，通孔穿过取土器头10上侧的连接管，依靠下侧转子端 的螺栓与取土器头10上端面连接，通孔与连接管之间有一定的间隙。钻杆带动取土器头10旋转，从而带动多通配水头11的转子端旋转，转子端输出的高压液体通过取土器头中的配水管路24，经过高压水管16，输入到水刀组件6，而多通配水头11的定子端通过与它相连的多根高压水管固定，实现高压液体供应到旋转的水刀组件内。
如图1所示，加载弹簧12两端分别与取土器头10凹孔内壁、轴向轴承14的座片上端面挤压接触，轴向轴承14的座片与传动连接筒13固定连接，轴向轴承14的轴片与传力压头9上端面固定连接，二者之间通过滚动体传递轴向力，径向滑动轴承15的外圈与传动连接筒13下端侧壁固定连接，径向滑动轴承15的内圈与传力压头9侧壁固定连接，二者之间通过滚动体传递径向力，从而起到隔离与传力压头9连接的连接外筒4和连接内筒3的作用，避免它们旋转。
其中，切入靴1和连接外筒4通过传力压头9由轴向轴承14和径向滑动轴承15固定，取土时外筒体5旋转，切入靴1和连接外筒4由于有轴承系统隔离并不旋转，只承受钻具施加的轴向压力和径向力，在外筒体5底部的水刀组件6切割土层的同时，与连接内筒3连接的切入靴1压入土层，随着取土器的钻进，土样被压入连接内筒3。轴向轴承14由加载弹簧12加载，传递钻具施加的钻进压力，为切入靴1在取样过程中提供更加稳定的负载。根据土壤硬度或密度的不同，在射流靴2射流钻进的过程中，切入靴1相对射流靴2的距离不是固定的，在软土中，切入靴1会相对容易穿透，因此切入靴1与射流靴2的距离会接近最大间距，然而，在坚硬致密的土壤中，切入靴1会缩回后退，使射流靴2更靠近采样面，依靠超高压射流帮助切入靴1穿透。
其中，轴向轴承14由套圈、轴圈、滚动元件以及保持滚动元件的保持架构成，在轴向轴承14中，套圈、轴圈沿着轴向方向平行并排布置，滚动体夹在两个座片与轴片之间，用于承受轴向荷载；径向滑动轴承15由外圈、内圈、滚动体以及保持架构成，用于承受径向荷载。
也就是说，所述止转组件包括传力压头9和轴向轴承14；其中，所述轴向轴承14的套圈固定安装在旋转头10上，其轴圈固定安装在传力压头9上；其中，所述轴圈设置在套圈内部且能够沿纵轴线上下移动，所述套圈或旋转头10通过一加载弹簧12向该轴圈施加轴向压力以在切入靴1上产生切入土样的加载力。
更具体地，所述加载弹簧12的上端部抵压在旋转头10上，其下端部抵压在所述轴圈上。所述止转组件还包括至少一径向滑动轴承15，该径向滑动轴承15固定连接至所述套圈上，所述传力压头9具有穿过所述径向滑动轴承15的轴部。
所述的连接内筒3顶部沿圆周分布着开孔26，开孔26使连接内筒3内壁、浮动活塞8上端面、传力压头9下端面构成的凝胶容纳空腔与连接内筒3外壁、连接外筒4内壁之间的环形空腔相联通。
如图2所示，浮动活塞8的侧壁处开设有一个O型密封圈环槽27，O型密封圈环槽27内安装有与环槽宽度相匹配的O型密封圈28，取样时O型密封圈28外周与连接内筒3内壁紧密接触。
如图3所示，凝胶涂覆环7侧面沿圆周开有许多狭槽29，能使从连接内筒3、连接外筒4之间环形空腔流过的凝胶溶液通过，进而涂覆采取的土样外表面，且凝胶涂覆环7内径与连接内筒3内径相同。取土器头10内安装有凝胶溢出管23，多余的凝胶溶液沿凝胶溢出管23排到钻孔中，避免在取土器内部产生过大液压。
其中，凝胶涂覆环7内径与连接内筒3内径相同，切入靴1的内径略小于连接内筒3的内径。本发明的凝胶溶液为聚合物凝胶溶液，具体的是部分水解聚丙烯酰胺，通常被称为PHP聚合物，拥有很好的润滑性能，能像润滑油一样附着于土样表面形成润滑性很好的薄膜，大大减少土样进入连接内筒3的摩擦力。
也就是说，所述连接外筒4固定安装在传力压头9上，且连接外筒4内置有由连接内筒 3、浮动活塞8和传力压头9共同围设形成的凝胶存储室S2；其中，所述连接内筒3固定安装在传力压头9上，且其与连接外筒4之间具有间隙以形成连通凝胶存储室S2和土样捕集室S1的凝胶挤入通道，所述连接内筒3的上部具有开孔26以连通凝胶挤入通道和凝胶存储室S2；其中，所述浮动活塞8设置在连接内筒3中且二者之间密封式滑配连接。
具体地，所述土样捕集室S1是由浮动活塞8和连接内筒3共同围设形成，且在所述浮动活塞8上行时，所述土样捕集室S1逐渐增大，所述凝胶存储室S2逐渐减小；所述切入靴1内部形成有供土样进入土样捕集室S1的土样捕集口C1。
所述土样捕集室S1的内径略大于土样捕集口C1的内径以在连接内筒3的内壁和被捕集土样的外壁之间形成供凝胶包覆土样的注胶间隙；其中，所述连接内筒3的底部设置有连通土样捕集室S1和凝胶挤入通道的注胶孔。在其它实施方式中，土样捕集室S1的内径也可以和土样捕集口C1的内径相同，依靠凝胶存储室S2的压力对土样进行封胶。
所述旋转头10上设有凝胶排出孔，所述凝胶存储室S2经由凝胶溢出管23与凝胶排出孔连通以排出多余凝胶；其中，所述凝胶溢出管23固定在旋转头10上，并经由传力压头9插入凝胶存储室S2，且该凝胶溢出管与传力压头9密封接触。
如图4所示，水刀组件6由螺母22、喷嘴21、连接杆20、水开关18和气缸17构成。喷嘴21安装于连接杆20下侧凹孔中，通过螺母22内螺纹与连接杆20下端的外螺纹相连固定，连接杆20上端外螺纹与水开关18下端凹孔内螺纹相连，水开关18上端凹孔内螺纹与气缸17下端外螺纹相连，水开关18侧面开有超高压进水口19，气缸17顶面的高压进气口，分别与高压水管16连接。
其中，位于地面上的增压系统将高压水通过高压水管输送到多通配水头11的定子端，从多通配水头11的转子端经高压弯头25、配水管路24、高压水管16最终输送到水刀组件6；气缸17控制水开关18开闭，气缸17通气后，气缸活塞推开顶杆，使得压在阀针上的压力减 小，高压水就能通过球面垫中心的小孔经过连接杆中心的通孔到达喷嘴21，气体由地面通过多通配水头11的定子端，从多通配水头11的转子端输出，经高压弯头25、配水管路24、高压水管16最终输送到水刀组件6的气缸17，控制水射流的开闭。
也就是说，所述旋转头10上配置有多通配水头11，该多通配水头11经由旋转头10、高压水管连通水刀组件6，所述旋转头10上具有连通高压水管16和多通配水头11的配水管路(24)。
需要说明的是，本发明的水刀组件6还可采用现有技术中的水刀结构，经过适应性的改造后就可以应用到本发明中，因此，本领域的普通技术人员在实施水刀组件6时并需要付出创造性劳动即可。
下面，结合附图5对本发明的射流式原位取土器的工作原理及过程进行详细如下的描述。
当本发明的取土器接近钻孔底部时，钻杆开始旋转，水射流系统开始运行，伴随着高压水柱从固定在射流靴2上的多个水刀组件6喷嘴射出，从而利用水刀组件6的旋转和高压水柱的压力来对土壤进行切割，实现钻进清孔。
随着取土器整体地向下前进，当取土器的切入靴1刃尖与钻孔底部接触，切入靴1开始穿透土壤，采集土样顶部的浮动活塞8受到下方土样的推动而相对于连接内筒3向上运动，在浮动活塞8相对于连接内筒3向上运动过程中，迫使连接内筒3中的聚合物凝胶溶液穿过开孔26而流入连接内筒3与连接外筒4之间的环形空隙内，最终使聚合物凝胶溶液从连接外筒4下端连接的凝胶涂覆环7的狭槽29均匀地向外流出并涂覆到经过凝胶涂覆环7的土样外表面。同时，多余的聚合物凝胶溶液可沿着凝胶溢出管23被排出。
随着取土器继续向下运动，外表面已均匀涂覆凝胶的土样向上进入连接内筒3内，由于土样外表面已被均匀地涂覆聚合物凝胶，因此能够有效地减小土样进入连接内筒时的摩擦力，避免土样受到扰动。
当取土器向下前进预定距离后(如1.05m)，停止前进，采样结束，之后将整个取土器从钻孔内轻轻提出即可。
具体实施时，在取土过程中，钻杆以中等速度(40-80转/分钟)连续旋转，带动外筒体5和射流靴2旋转，而轴承系统隔离连接外筒4和连接内筒3，避免它们旋转。
通过上面的详细描述可以看出，本发明的射流式原位取土器通过钻杆带动外筒体以及水刀组件旋转，利用高压水柱切割土壤，实现钻进清孔，不仅钻进效率高，而且几乎没有挤土效应，对土壤扰动小，为接下来切入靴取土创造了良好的条件。在取样过程中，进入切入靴的土样顶部推动浮动活塞向上运动，从而将连接内筒内部的凝胶溶液向外挤出至内筒和连接外筒之间的环形空隙内，最终通过凝胶涂覆环下端的狭槽均匀地涂覆至土样外表面，保证土样在进入连接内筒之前其外表面形成一层光滑的凝胶包裹层。在土样继续向上运动并进入连接内筒时，由于凝胶包覆层的存在，有效地降低了连接内筒的内壁与土样之间的摩擦力，使土样顺利地和基本无摩擦地进入连接内筒，对土样产生的扰动非常小，能够尽可能地保持土样的原状结构，为之后进行土工试验提供真实的土样，保证后期土样测试结果的准确性。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种射流式原位取土器，用于获取土样并保持其原位特性，其特征在于，
    具备：
    切入机构，其能够沿纵轴线向下移动以切入土样中，并在垂直于所述纵轴线的第一半径上限定形成土样捕集室(S1)，进入土样捕集室(S1)的土样由凝胶溶液包覆外周面以保持其原位特性；以及，
    钻进机构，其沿所述纵轴线向下施力于所述切入机构，且其配置有绕所述纵轴线旋转的水刀组件(6)，该水刀组件(6)在大于所述第一半径的第二半径上沿圆周切割土样以减小所述切入机构的切入阻力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述切入机构包括连接外筒(4)和固定连接在连接外筒(4)上的切入靴(1)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述钻进机构包括受动力源驱动而绕所述纵轴线旋转的旋转头(10)、以及与该旋转头(10)固定连接的外筒体(5)，所述水刀组件(6)固定安装在外筒体(5)上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述钻进机构通过止转组件连接切入机构以在其旋转头(10)旋转的同时将旋转头(10)在纵轴线上的位移传递给不可旋转的连接外筒(4)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：
    所述止转组件包括传力压头(9)和轴向轴承(14)；
    其中，所述轴向轴承(14)的套圈固定安装在旋转头(10)上，其轴圈固定安装在传力压头(9)上；
    其中，所述轴圈设置在套圈内部且能够沿纵轴线上下移动，所述套圈或旋转头(10)通过一加载弹簧(12)向该轴圈施加轴向压力以在切入靴(1)上产生切入土 样的加载力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述加载弹簧(12)的上端部抵压在旋转头(10)上，其下端部抵压在所述轴圈上。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述止转组件还包括至少一径向滑动轴承(15)，该径向滑动轴承(15)固定连接至所述套圈上，所述传力压头(9)具有穿过所述径向滑动轴承(15)的轴部。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：
    所述连接外筒(4)固定安装在传力压头(9)上，且连接外筒(4)内置有由连接内筒(3)、浮动活塞(8)和传力压头(9)共同围设形成的凝胶存储室(S2)；
    其中，所述连接内筒(3)固定安装在传力压头(9)上，且其与连接外筒(4)之间具有间隙以形成连通凝胶存储室(S2)和土样捕集室(S1)的凝胶挤入通道，所述连接内筒(3)的上部具有开孔(26)以连通凝胶挤入通道和凝胶存储室(S2)；
    其中，所述浮动活塞(8)设置在连接内筒(3)中且二者之间密封式滑配连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：
    所述土样捕集室(S1)是由浮动活塞(8)和连接内筒(3)共同围设形成，且在所述浮动活塞(8)上行时，所述土样捕集室(S1)逐渐增大，所述凝胶存储室(S2)逐渐减小；
    所述切入靴(1)内部形成有供土样进入土样捕集室(S1)的土样捕集口(C1)。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述土样捕集室(S1)的内径略大于土样捕集口(C1)的内径以在连接内筒(3)的内壁和被捕集土样的外壁之间形成供凝胶包覆土样的注胶间隙；
    其中，所述连接内筒(3)的底部设置有连通土样捕集室(S1)和凝胶挤入通道 的注胶孔。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述旋转头(10)上设有凝胶排出孔，所述凝胶存储室(S2)经由一凝胶溢出管(23)与凝胶排出孔连通以排出多余凝胶；
    其中，所述凝胶溢出管(23)固定在旋转头(10)上，并经由传力压头(9)插入凝胶存储室(S2)，且该凝胶溢出管与传力压头(9)密封接触。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的射流式原位取土器，其特征在于：所述旋转头(10)上配置有多通配水头(11)，该多通配水头(11)经由旋转头(10)、高压水管连通水刀组件(6)，所述旋转头(10)上具有连通高压水管(16)和多通配水头(11)的配水管路(24)。
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