WO2021193856A1 - 腎機能保護剤 - Google Patents
腎機能保護剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021193856A1 WO2021193856A1 PCT/JP2021/012668 JP2021012668W WO2021193856A1 WO 2021193856 A1 WO2021193856 A1 WO 2021193856A1 JP 2021012668 W JP2021012668 W JP 2021012668W WO 2021193856 A1 WO2021193856 A1 WO 2021193856A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- citric acid
- administration
- pharmaceutical composition
- weeks
- urinary
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 427
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 claims description 207
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 claims description 115
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 claims description 115
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 74
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 74
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 62
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 51
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 26
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- WQNHWIYLCRZRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxy-2,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(O)CC(=O)OC1=O WQNHWIYLCRZRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 131
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 87
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 57
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 46
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 43
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 35
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 229940050931 potassium citrate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 229960000999 sodium citrate dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- -1 or a hydrate thereof Substances 0.000 description 19
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 12
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229940045638 potassium citrate / sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 201000001474 proteinuria Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229940084030 carboxymethylcellulose calcium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 208000028208 end stage renal disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 201000000523 end stage renal failure Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000005713 exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229960003511 macrogol Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010001580 Albuminuria Diseases 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940082483 carnauba wax Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005541 ACE inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940044094 angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002969 morbid Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone Chemical compound CC=1OC=CC(=O)C=1O XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000013824 Acidemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125364 angiotensin receptor blocker Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229950008138 carmellose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940030606 diuretics Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000024924 glomerular filtration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037920 primary disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000030090 Acute Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940077274 Alpha glucosidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008873 Angiotensin II receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000824 Angiotensin II receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OVBJJZOQPCKUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O OVBJJZOQPCKUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018367 Glomerulonephritis chronic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BIVBRWYINDPWKA-VLQRKCJKSA-L Glycyrrhizinate dipotassium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C=C4[C@@H]5C[C@](C)(CC[C@@]5(CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@H]2C1(C)C)C)C(O)=O)C([O-])=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BIVBRWYINDPWKA-VLQRKCJKSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HYMLWHLQFGRFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maltol Natural products CC1OC=CC(=O)C1=O HYMLWHLQFGRFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000024873 Mentha crispa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014749 Mentha crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010027417 Metabolic acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010027525 Microalbuminuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000294411 Mirabilis expansa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015429 Mirabilis expansa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002675 Polyoxyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010063897 Renal ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000228451 Stevia rebaudiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001793 Wilcoxon signed-rank test Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMPNQJDUFQVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;phthalic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GAMPNQJDUFQVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003888 alpha glucosidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003144 amino alkyl methacrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002647 aminoglycoside antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002333 angiotensin II receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004977 anhydrous lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002220 antihypertensive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030600 antihypertensive agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004663 bisphosphonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003340 calcium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001681 croscarmellose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JAUGGEIKQIHSMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dimagnesium;dioxido(oxo)silane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O JAUGGEIKQIHSMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940101029 dipotassium glycyrrhizinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCN1CCCC1 MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007941 film coated tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071676 hydroxypropylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003943 hypromellose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940057948 magnesium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098895 maleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099690 malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940043353 maltol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002160 maltose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013536 miso Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000008383 nephritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000030761 polycystic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940116317 potato starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072132 quinolone antibacterials Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940037001 sodium edetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940045902 sodium stearyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ILJOYZVVZZFIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-olate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=C1 ILJOYZVVZZFIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/194—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, e.g. succinic, maleic or phthalic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising citric acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof. More specifically, the present invention comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, for the protection of renal function, or a dietary acid to the kidney. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for reducing the load.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-0566660 filed in Japan on March 26, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- CKD end-stage Kidney disease
- GFR glomerular filtration rate
- CVD cardiovascular disease
- Non-Patent Document 1 Advanced in CKD patients bicarbonate ions in blood (HCO 3 -) concentration is lowered, since the developing metabolic acidosis, alkaline agents such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid formulation is administered. It has been reported that the progress of CKD is suppressed by administration of sodium hydrogen carbonate, which is an alkalizing agent (Non-Patent Document 1). Further, in a nephrotic animal model caused by protein overload, it has been reported that oral administration of sodium hydrogen carbonate suppresses tubular cell damage due to acidic urine (Non-Patent Document 2). It is also known that administration of an alkalizing agent to early-stage CKD patients suppresses the progression of renal damage and reduces the blood concentration of uremic substances (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- One object of the present invention is to provide a medicine useful for protecting renal function. Another object of the present invention is to provide a medicine useful for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney. Another task of the present invention is occasional decrease in urinary albumin, decrease in early morning urinary albumin, occasional decrease in urinary protein, increase in pure acid excretion, protection of renal function, or dietary acid loading on the kidney. Is to provide foods that are useful in reducing urine.
- citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof is constantly found in urinary albumin. It is useful for protecting renal function or reducing dietary acid load on the kidney by having a lowering effect on urinary albumin in the early morning, a lowering effect on urinary protein at any time, and an increasing effect on pure acid excretion. We found that there was, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention has the following aspects.
- a pharmaceutical composition for protecting renal function which comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof.
- a pharmaceutical composition for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney which comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to (1) or (2) which is administered to a patient with early-stage chronic kidney disease.
- One of (1) to (3) which reduces the amount of urinary protein (for example, lowers the amount of urinary protein as compared with placebo or control, or before administration of the pharmaceutical composition).
- the pharmaceutical composition according to (4), wherein the urinary protein is urinary albumin (more specifically, occasional urinary albumin or early morning urinary albumin) or occasional urinary protein.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to (4) or (5), wherein the urine is early morning urine.
- Citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof, potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof.
- Citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is a mixture of sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof and potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (8) which comprises. (10) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet. (11) Any one of (1) to (10), wherein citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is administered at 1 to 3 g / day.
- Citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof, for lowering urinary albumin at any time, for lowering urinary albumin in the early morning, and at any time urinary protein.
- Citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is a mixture of sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof and potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof.
- the citrate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof, according to (15) or (16).
- Food composition (18) The food composition according to any one of (15) to (17), wherein the food composition is a tablet. (19) In the packaging, container, or instructions of the food composition, occasional decrease in urinary albumin, decrease in early morning urinary albumin, occasional decrease in urinary protein, increase in pure acid excretion, protection of renal function, or renal The food composition according to any one of (15) to (18), wherein the effect of reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney is displayed.
- the pharmaceutical composition, food composition, etc. provided by the present invention can reduce urinary albumin at any time, decrease urinary albumin in the early morning, decrease urinary protein at any time, and increase pure acid excretion in mammals. ..
- the pharmaceutical composition, food composition, or the like provided by the present invention can protect renal function or reduce the dietary acid load on the kidney in mammals.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may contain citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid include alkali metal citrate salts.
- alkali metal citrate salts include potassium citrate and sodium citrate, which are stable potassium citrate monohydrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) and sodium citrate, respectively. It may be a hydrate such as dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O).
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid is other than iron citrate (eg, ferric citrate or its hydrate).
- Examples of preferable active ingredients contained in the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention include sodium citrate, potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof, and examples thereof include a monohydrate of potassium citrate. It may be a mixture of (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) and sodium citrate dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2 H 2 O).
- the mixing ratio of potassium citrate monohydrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) and sodium citrate dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2 H 2 O) is A person skilled in the art can appropriately set the molar ratio of potassium citrate monohydrate to sodium citrate dihydrate, for example, to dihydrate sodium citrate with respect to potassium citrate monohydrate 1.
- the thing can be 0.01-100.
- the molar ratio of potassium citrate (eg, potassium citrate monohydrate) to sodium citrate (eg, sodium citrate dihydrate) can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art, eg, 0.85: 1. 15 to 1.15: 0.85, 0.90: 1.10 to 1.10: 0.90, 0.95: 1.05 to 1.05: 0.95, or 0.99: 1.01 It may be ⁇ 1.01: 0.99, preferably 1: 1.
- other examples of the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention include sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof, and examples thereof include a dihydrate of sodium citrate (C 6 H 5 Na). It may be 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O).
- the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention include potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof, and examples thereof include a monohydrate of potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K). It may be 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O).
- the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may include sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof and a mixture of potassium citrate or a hydrate thereof.
- the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be a mixture of potassium citrate, sodium citrate and citric acid (eg, citric acid anhydride).
- the mixing ratio of citric acid for example, anhydrous citric acid
- potassium citrate and sodium citrate can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art, for example, 1: 1.7 to 2.3: 1.7 to 2. It may be 3, 1: 1.9 to 2.1: 1.9 to 2.1 or 1: 1.95 to 2.05: 1.95 to 2.05, preferably 1: 2: 2.
- the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a monohydrate of potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O), a dihydrate of sodium citrate. (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O) and may be a mixture of anhydrous citric acid.
- the mixing ratio of O) can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art, for example, 1: 1.7 to 2.3: 1.7 to 2.3, 1: 1.9 to 2.1: 1.9 to 2. It may be 1 or 1: 1.95 to 2.05: 1.95 to 2.05, preferably 1: 2: 2.
- the active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may consist only of sodium citrate or a hydrate thereof and potassium citrate or a mixture thereof.
- citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof (eg, a monohydrate of potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ ). H 2 O) and, when referring to the weight of the dihydrate of sodium citrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O)) , the weight may be a dry weight.
- administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention reduces the dietary acid load on the kidneys. In one embodiment, administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has the effect of protecting renal function and increasing pure acid excretion.
- “suppression” includes stopping or slowing the exacerbation or progression of a symptom, condition or disease, and an act or means for that purpose, and ameliorating the symptom, condition or disease. Or, it is a concept that includes acts or means for that purpose.
- “improvement” means bringing a "pathological” or “abnormal” symptom, condition or disease closer to a “healthy” or “normal” condition, or an act or means for that purpose, and “healthy”.
- "improvement” means that a numerical value that is an index of a "pathological” or “abnormal” symptom or condition becomes smaller or larger according to the "improvement” and is normal. Includes approaching a normal value or becoming a normal value.
- the "exacerbation or progression of a symptom, condition or disease” is defined as “pathological” or “abnormal” symptom, condition or disease exacerbation or progression, and “healthy” or “normal” condition to "pathological”. Includes exacerbation or progression to "na” or "abnormal” symptoms, conditions or illnesses.
- “suppression” is the act or means of stopping or slowing the exacerbation or progression of a symptom, condition or disease. In another embodiment, “suppression” is to stop or slow the exacerbation or progression of a symptom, condition or disease.
- health refers to a condition free of acute or chronic disease or disorder
- normal refers to a condition in which a healthy subject is normally expressed.
- the symptom, condition or disease is compared before and after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention, or when the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered, and a control or placebo is used. The times of administration are compared.
- treatment includes the elimination, cure, cure or amelioration of "morbid” or “abnormal” symptoms, conditions or diseases, and the actions or means thereof, which are “pathological”. It is a concept that includes “suppressing” the exacerbation of "na” or “abnormal” symptoms, conditions or diseases, and actions or means for that purpose, and also includes “improvement”. Here, “suppression” and “improvement” have the above meanings.
- “treatment” is the elimination, cure, cure or remission of a "pathological” or “abnormal” symptom, condition or disease, and the act or means thereof.
- treatment is to eliminate, cure, cure or ameliorate a "pathological” or “abnormal” symptom, condition or disease.
- prevention is a concept that includes the prevention of the onset of "pathological” or “abnormal” symptoms, conditions or diseases, and the actions or means for that purpose.
- protection of renal function is a concept including stopping or slowing down the deterioration of renal function, maintaining renal function, improving renal function, or an act or means for that purpose. ..
- protection of renal function means that the deterioration of renal function after administration is stopped or slowed down as compared with the renal function before administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- Maintenance of renal function, improvement of renal function, or administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention stops or slows the deterioration of renal function as compared with placebo administration or control. It means that the kidney function is maintained, or the kidney function is improved.
- protection of renal function refers to the occasional amount of urinary albumin, the amount of early morning urinary albumin, or the amount of occasional urinary protein (mg /) by administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. gCr) can be assessed by lowering compared to placebo or control. In one embodiment, "protection of renal function” means that the amount of urinary albumin (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- protection of renal function is the amount of albumin in the early morning urinary albumin (mg / gCr) 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- protection of renal function means that the amount of urinary protein (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. , 50% or more and less than 98%, preferably 60% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 70%, respectively, with respect to the amount of urinary protein at any time 6 weeks after administration, 12 weeks after administration and 24 weeks after administration of the control. It can be evaluated if it is 90% or more and 90% or less.
- protection of renal function refers to the occasional amount of urinary albumin, the amount of early morning urinary albumin, or the amount of occasional urinary protein (mg /) by administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. gCr) can be evaluated by decreasing compared to before administration.
- “protection of renal function” means that the amount of urinary albumin (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. It can be evaluated that the amount of albumin in urine at any time before administration is 60% or more and less than 98%, preferably 70% or more and 95% or less, and more preferably 85% or more and 95% or less.
- "protection of renal function” is the amount of albumin in the early morning urinary albumin (mg / gCr) 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. , 40% or more and less than 95%, preferably 60% or more and 90% or less, more preferably 70% or more and 90% or less, respectively, with respect to the amount of albumin in the early morning urine before administration.
- "protection of renal function” means that the amount of urinary protein (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. It can be evaluated that it is 75% or more and less than 98%, preferably 80% or more and 98% or less, and more preferably 85% or more and 95% or less, respectively, with respect to the amount of urinary protein at any time before administration.
- "protection of renal function” means that the amount of urinary albumin (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- amount of change with respect to the amount of urinary albumin at any time before administration -60 mg / gCr or more and -3 mg / gCr or less, preferably -50 mg / gCr or more and -5 mg / gCr or less, more preferably -40 mg / gCr or more- It can be evaluated by being 10 mg / gCr or less.
- "protection of renal function” is the amount of albumin in the early morning urinary albumin (mg / gCr) 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- amount of change with respect to the amount of albumin in the early morning urine before administration -60 mg / gCr or more and -5 mg / gCr or less, preferably -50 mg / gCr or more and -5 mg / gCr or less, more preferably -40 mg / gCr or more- It can be evaluated by being 10 mg / gCr or less.
- "protection of renal function” means that the amount of urinary protein (mg / gCr) at any time after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.
- amount of change with respect to the amount of urinary protein at any time before administration -60 mg / gCr or more and -0.5 mg / gCr or less, preferably -50 mg / gCr or more and -1 mg / gCr or less, more preferably -30 mg / gCr, respectively. It can be evaluated by the above -5 mg / gCr or less.
- reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney means to the kidney after administration as compared to the dietary acid load on the kidney before administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention. It means that the dietary acid load is reduced, or that the administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention reduces the dietary acid load on the kidney as compared with the placebo administration or control. do.
- "reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney” means that administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention increases the amount of pure acid excretion (mEq / gCr) as compared to the control.
- "reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney” refers to the amount of pure acid excretion 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention (mEq).
- / gCr) is 0.3 mEq / gCr or more and 30 mEq / gCr or less, preferably 0, as the amount of change with respect to the amount of pure acid excretion 6 weeks after administration, 12 weeks after administration and 24 weeks after administration of the control, respectively.
- "reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney” refers to the amount of pure acid excretion 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention (mEq).
- / gCr is 0.3 mEq / gCr or more and 10 mEq / gCr or less, preferably 0.3 mEq / gCr or more and 10 mEq / gCr or less, more preferably 1 mEq / gCr, respectively, as the amount of change with respect to the amount of pure acid excretion before administration. It can be evaluated if it is 5 mEq / gCr or less.
- urinary means, for example, “early morning urine”.
- early morning urine represents the first urine after waking up
- as-needed urine represents urine other than the "early morning urine”.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for protecting renal function.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are occasional urinary albumin lowering agents, early morning urinary albumin lowering agents, occasional urinary protein lowering agents, and pure acid excretion increasing agents.
- the occasional decrease in urinary albumin can be an occasional decrease in urinary albumin concentration or an occasional decrease in urinary albumin level.
- a decrease in early morning urinary albumin can be a decrease in early morning urinary albumin concentration or a decrease in early morning urinary albumin level.
- the occasional decrease in urinary protein can be an occasional decrease in urinary protein concentration or an occasional decrease in urinary protein amount.
- An increase in pure acid excretion can be an increase in pure acid excretion concentration or an increase in pure acid excretion.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is orally or parenterally administered to humans or other mammals, and examples of parenteral administration include intravenous administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intraarticular administration, and transmucosa. Examples thereof include administration, transdermal administration, nasal administration, rectal administration, intrathecal administration, intraperitoneal administration, and local administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention contains citrate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citrate, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, as is, or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for example, an injection.
- Formants eg, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose, glucose
- binders eg, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
- lubricants eg, magnesium stearate, talc
- Disintegrants eg starch, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium (CMC-Ca)
- diluents eg water for injection, physiological saline
- other additives eg pH adjusters, surfactants
- Dissolving aids such as tablets, capsules, suspensions, injections, suppositories and the like.
- citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is used as an excipient (for example, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose, glucose).
- Disintegrants eg starch, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium (CMC-Ca)
- binders eg hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
- lubricants eg magnesium stearate, It may be formulated by mixing with talc) or the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a tablet.
- the tablets provided by the present invention are active ingredients (eg, potassium citrate or hydrates thereof; sodium citrate or hydrates thereof; or potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrates.
- pharmaceutically acceptable additives commonly used in the pharmaceutical field may be contained. Examples of such additives include excipients, binders, disintegrants, fluidizers, flavoring agents, lubricants, pH regulators, surfactants, stabilizers and fragrances.
- the content of the active ingredient in the tablet provided by the present invention may be 10 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 90% by weight, and more preferably 60 to 85% by weight based on the tablet.
- excipients examples include sugars such as lactose (eg, lactose hydrate, anhydrous lactose), glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, erythritol, sorbitol, maltol, etc.
- Sugar alcohols such as xylitol and D-mannitol, starch (eg corn starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch), crystalline cellulose, magnesium aluminometasilicate, anhydrous calcium phosphate, precipitated calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, lactose lactose.
- ethyl cellulose, and crystalline cellulose is particularly preferable.
- the content of the excipient in the tablet provided by the present invention may be 1 to 95% by weight, preferably 1 to 80% by weight, more preferably 3 to 80% by weight, still more preferably 3 to 80% by weight, based on the tablet. It may be 20% by weight.
- binders examples include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, pregelatinized starch ( For example, partially pregelatinized starch), agar and gelatin, with hydroxypropyl cellulose being particularly preferred.
- the content of the binder in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets. There may be.
- disintegrants examples include croscarmellose sodium, carmellose calcium, carboxymethyl starch sodium, low substitution hydroxypropyl cellulose, crospopidone, starch (eg wheat starch, corn starch). , Partially pregelatinized starch) and carmellose, with partial pregelatinized starch being particularly preferred.
- the content of the disintegrant in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.3 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 3 to 10% by weight, based on the tablets. ..
- fluidizing agents examples include light anhydrous silicic acid, talc and magnesium aluminate metasilicate.
- the content of the fluidizing agent in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.03 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets. It may be.
- flavoring agents examples include acidulants such as citric acid (eg, anhydrous citric acid), malic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, etc. , Not included in the active ingredient according to the present invention), sweeteners such as sodium saccharin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame (registered trademark), stevia, somatin and sucralose.
- the content of the flavoring agent in the tablet provided by the present invention may be 0.03 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight, based on the tablet. There may be.
- Examples of lubricants that can be used in the tablets provided by the present invention include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, light anhydrous silicic acid, sucrose fatty acid ester, carnauba wax, macrogol and sodium stearyl fumarate. Magnesium stearate is particularly preferable.
- the content of the lubricant in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets. You may.
- pH regulators examples include citric acid, phosphates (eg, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate), carbonates (eg, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate). ), Tartrate, fumarate, acetate and amino acid salt (however, the pH adjuster is not included in the active ingredient according to the present invention).
- the content of the pH adjuster in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the tablets. You may.
- surfactants examples include sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl stearate, macrogol and poloxamer.
- the content of the surfactant in the tablet provided by the present invention may be 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.03 to 0.5% by weight based on the tablet. It may be% by weight.
- stabilizers examples include citric acid (eg, anhydrous citric acid), malic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium edetate, tocopherol (provided, said above.
- the stabilizer is not included in the active ingredient according to the present invention), and citric acid anhydride is particularly preferable.
- the content of the stabilizer in the tablet provided by the present invention may be 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 1 to 20% by weight, based on the tablet. You may.
- flavors examples include citrus flavors such as lemon, orange, grapefruit, peppermint, spearmint and menthol, in appropriate amounts in the tablet (eg 0.01 per tablet). It can be contained in an amount of ⁇ 1% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight). The total content of the active ingredient and pharmaceutically acceptable additives in the tablets provided by the present invention does not exceed 100% by weight based on the tablets.
- the tablet provided by the present invention may be an uncoated tablet containing the above-mentioned components and not provided with a coating layer, or a film-coated tablet provided with a coating layer.
- the content of the coating layer can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the uncoated tablet.
- the coating layer may appropriately contain a plasticizer, a coloring agent, a brightening agent, and the like.
- Examples of coating bases that can be used in the tablets provided by the present invention include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose phthalate acetate, methacrylate copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone, with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose being particularly preferred.
- the content of the coating base in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets.
- coating plasticizers examples include triethyl citrate, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, triacetin, glycerin, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (eg, macrogol 6000), in particular macrogol. 6000 is preferable.
- the content of the coating plasticizer in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets.
- Examples of coating colorants that can be used in the tablets provided by the present invention include titanium oxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, iron sesquioxide, iron black oxide, edible blue No. 2 and edible blue No. 2 aluminum lakes.
- the content of the coating colorant in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 3% by weight, based on the tablets.
- Examples of coating brighteners that can be used in the tablets provided by the present invention include carnauba wax.
- the content of the coating brightener in the tablets provided by the present invention may be 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.01% by weight, based on the tablets.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be produced by a method known in the pharmaceutical field.
- the production method includes the active ingredients (for example, potassium citrate or its hydrate; sodium citrate or its hydrate; or potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate. It may include a mixing step of mixing the hydrate mixture) and the additive, a granulation step, a tableting step and / or a coating step.
- the mixing step may include mixing the active ingredient with additives such as excipients, stabilizers, disintegrants and / or binders. Also, prior to the tableting step, a step of mixing the mixture containing the active ingredient and the additive with a lubricant, a flavoring agent and / or a fragrance may be further included. Mixing can be performed using a V-type mixer, a W-type mixer, a container mixer, a tumbler mixer, a stirring mixer, or the like.
- the granulation step can be performed by a granulation method known in the pharmaceutical field.
- the granulation method include a dry granulation method, a wet granulation method, and a fluidized bed granulation method.
- the mixture obtained in the mixing step and the granulated product obtained in the granulation step are appropriately pulverized and / or screened to obtain a mixture or granulated product having a desired particle size.
- the pulverization can be performed by a pulverizer known in the pharmaceutical field such as a ball mill, a jet mill, and a hammer mill.
- the sieving can be performed using a 16 mesh sieve (opening 1000 ⁇ m) to a 32 mesh sieve (opening 500 ⁇ m) or the like.
- the locking step can be performed by a locking method known in the pharmaceutical field.
- the locking method include a direct locking method, a dry locking method, a wet locking method, and an external sliding locking method.
- a tableting machine known in the pharmaceutical field such as a single-shot type locking machine or a rotary type locking machine can be used to lock the mixture or granulated product obtained in the above step.
- a single-shot lock machine, a rotary lock machine, or the like a lock pressure of 1 kN to 30 kN can be adopted.
- the coating step can be performed by a method known in the pharmaceutical field. For example, it can be carried out by spray-coating the outside of the uncoated tablet with a coating liquid containing a coating base and a plasticizer, a colorant, a brightener and the like as appropriate.
- the tablets provided by the present invention are active ingredients, excipients (eg, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose and / or glucose), binders (eg, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), gelatin). And / or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), stabilizers (eg, citrate anhydride), disintegrants (eg, starch (eg, partially pregelatinized starch) and / or carboxymethyl cellulose calcium (CMC-Ca)) and lubricants.
- excipients eg, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose and / or glucose
- binders eg, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), gelatin.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- stabilizers eg, citrate anhydride
- disintegrants eg, starch (eg, partially pregelatinized starch) and / or carboxymethyl cellulose calcium (C
- An agent eg, magnesium stearate
- a coating base eg, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and / or PVP
- a coating layer containing a plasticizer (eg, triethyl citrate and / or macrogol 6000), a colorant (eg, iron sesquioxide and / or titanium oxide) and a brightener (eg, carnauba wax).
- a coating layer containing a plasticizer (eg, triethyl citrate and / or macrogol 6000), a colorant (eg, iron sesquioxide and / or titanium oxide) and a brightener (eg, carnauba wax).
- the hardness of the resulting tablet can be 10-200 N, preferably 30-150 N.
- the amount of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be appropriately set.
- the amount of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is such that the dose of the active ingredient improves acid urine in gout or hyperuric acidemia when administered to humans, or , May be set to a lower amount, eg, a daily dose approved in Japan for the improvement of acidic urine in gout or hyperuric acidemia (eg, if the active ingredient is a citric acid preparation: tablets comprising potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) 231.5mg sodium hydrate and citric acid (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O) 195.0mg per tablet It may be set to 1 to 50%, or 10 to 20% of (2 tablets at a time, orally administered 3 times a day).
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a tablet, and 10 mg to 1 g of potassium citrate monohydrate or sodium citrate dihydrate as an active ingredient is contained in one tablet, preferably. , 100 mg to 500 mg, more preferably 400 mg to 500 mg.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a tablet, in which potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate are each 10 mg to 300 mg, for a total of 20 mg to. It may contain 600 mg, preferably 150 to 250 mg each, for a total of 400 to 500 mg, and more preferably 190 to 240 mg, respectively, for a total of 400 to 450 mg.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a tablet, which contains 231.5 mg of potassium citrate monohydrate and 195.0 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate as active ingredients, and is anhydrous as an additive. It may contain citric acid, crystalline cellulose, partially pregelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, macrogol 6000, titanium oxide and carnauba wax.
- a tablet containing 231.5 mg of potassium citrate monohydrate and 195.0 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate may be used as a unit of administration.
- the "administration unit” represents a unit of a preparation
- the "1 administration unit” represents the minimum unit of a preparation.
- the dosing unit is each tablet and one dosing unit represents one tablet.
- the administration unit is an injection placed in a sealed container such as an ampoule or a vial
- one administration unit represents an injection placed in a sealed container such as an ampoule or a vial.
- one or more of the above-mentioned administration units may be administered at a time, and the one-of-a-kind administration unit may be administered in divided doses. May be done.
- the dose of the active ingredient is appropriately determined according to the type of the active ingredient, the administration method, the age, body weight, gender, symptoms, susceptibility to the drug, etc. of the administration target, but the dose is determined according to the improvement of the symptoms. May be adjusted.
- the dose of the active ingredient is such that the pH of human urine (eg, early morning urine) is pH 5.2 to pH 7.4, pH 5.2 to pH 6.8 by oral administration of the active ingredient. pH5.5 to pH6.8, pH5.8 to pH6.8, pH5.8 to pH6.5, pH5.8 to pH6.2, pH5.8 to less than pH6.2, pH6.0 to pH6.5, pH6 .0 to pH6.4, pH6.0 to pH6.3, pH6.0 to pH6.2, pH6.0 to less than pH6.2, pH6.1 to pH6.3, pH6.2 to 6.8, pH6.2 to The dose may be pH 6.5 or pH 6.5 to 6.8.
- the dose of the active ingredient is such that by oral administration of the active ingredient, the pH of human urine (eg, early morning urine) is pH 5.2 to 6 weeks, 12 weeks or 24 weeks after administration. pH7.4, pH5.2-pH6.8, pH5.5-pH6.8, pH5.8-pH6.8, pH5.8-pH6.5, pH5.8-pH6.2, pH5.8 or higher pH6. Less than 2, pH6.0 to pH6.5, pH6.0 to pH6.4, pH6.0 to pH6.3, pH6.0 to pH6.2, pH6.0 to less than pH6.2, pH6.1 to pH6. 3.
- the dose may be such that pH 6.2 to 6.8, pH 6.2 to pH 6.5 or pH 6.5 to 6.8.
- potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate when a mixture of potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate as an active ingredient is orally administered to humans, potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate 0.1 to 5 g / day for a total of 0.2 to 10 g / day, 0.1 to 3 g / day for a total of 0.2 to 6 g / day, 0.5 to 3 g / day for a total of 1 to 6 g / day, preferably 0.5 to each.
- 1.5 g / day for a total of 1 to 3 g / day, 1 to 1.5 g / day for a total of 2 to 3 g / day, or 0.5 to 1 g / day for a total of 1 to 2 g / day may be administered daily. It may be administered 1 to 5 times, preferably 3 times a day.
- potassium citrate monohydrate or sodium citrate dihydrate as an active ingredient when potassium citrate monohydrate or sodium citrate dihydrate as an active ingredient is orally administered to humans, 1 to 10 g / day, 1 to 6 g / day, 2 to 5.5 g / day. It may be administered daily, 1 to 3 g / day, 2 to 3 g / day or 1 to 1.5 g / day, or may be administered 1 to 5 times a day, preferably divided into 3 times a day.
- citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof may be administered over a long period of time, eg, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks. , 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 40 weeks, 60 weeks, 80 weeks, 100 weeks, 120 weeks, 1 week or more, 2 weeks or more, 3 weeks or more, 6 weeks or more, 8 weeks or more 10 weeks or more, 12 weeks or more, 24 weeks or more, 40 weeks or more, 60 weeks or more, 80 weeks or more, 100 weeks or more, 120 weeks or more, 6 weeks or more and 24 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 24 weeks or less, 6 weeks or more 30 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 30 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 30 weeks or less, 6 weeks or more and 40 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 40 weeks or less, 6 weeks or more and 60 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 60 weeks or less, 6 weeks or more and 80 weeks or less, 12 weeks or more and 80 It is administered
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has a beneficial effect on patients with kidney disease (eg, at any time) by continuous administration for 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and / or 24 weeks.
- Detected urinary albumin lowering effect, early morning urinary albumin lowering effect, urinary protein lowering effect at any time, pure acid excretion increasing effect, renal function protecting effect, or renal acid load reducing effect Can be done.
- Kidney disease includes acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease unless otherwise noted.
- acute kidney disease include drugs (eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, aminoglycoside antibiotics, new quinolone antibacterial agents, iodo contrast agents, platinum such as cisplatin).
- drugs eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, aminoglycoside antibiotics, new quinolone antibacterial agents, iodo contrast agents, platinum such as cisplatin.
- examples thereof include acute kidney disease caused by preparations) and acute kidney disease caused by renal ischemia.
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a concept that includes chronic kidney disease regardless of the underlying disease, and there is a decrease in renal function represented by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or renal damage. It is a concept that includes all pathological conditions in which the findings suggesting that the
- GFR renal function
- albuminuria albuminuria
- G1 GFR is normal or high ( ⁇ 90 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 )
- G2 GFR is normal or slightly decreased (60-89 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 )
- G3a GFR decreased moderately to moderately (45-59 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 )
- G3b GFR moderate to severely reduced (30-44 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 )
- G4 GFR is highly reduced (15-29 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 )
- EKD End-stage renal disease
- the classification by proteinuria is as follows using the urinary albumin / creatinine (Cr) ratio when the underlying disease is diabetes.
- the classification by proteinuria is as follows using the urinary protein / creatinine (Cr) ratio. It is classified as.
- A2 Mild proteinuria (0.15-0.49 g / gCr)
- CKD chronic kidney disease
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered to a less severe, early-stage chronic kidney disease patient.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered to a patient with chronic kidney disease at stage G3b or lower, preferably stage G2 or lower.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered to a chronic kidney disease patient who is stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower (eg, stage G2 and stage G3a; or stage G2, stage G3a and stage G3b).
- NS stage G2 and stage G3a
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a chronic kidney disease patient with stage G3b or lower and mild proteinuria, preferably a stage G2 chronic kidney disease with mild proteinuria. Administered to the patient.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower (eg, stage G2 and stage G3a; or stage G2, stage G3a and stage G3b) and is mild proteinuria. It is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a chronic kidney disease patient, preferably stage G2, with stage G3b or lower and urinary protein excretion of less than 3.5 g / gCr. It is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease whose urinary protein excretion is less than 3.5 g / gCr.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower (eg, stage G2 and stage G3a; or stage G2, stage G3a and stage G3b) and urinary protein excretion. Is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease who have less than 3.5 g / g Cr.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered to a patient with progressive chronic kidney disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has an albumin content in urine of 0.1 to 1000 mg / gCr, preferably 1 to 500 mg / gCr, more preferably 1 to 300 mg / gCr. It is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease (for example, patients with chronic kidney disease of stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower).
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has a urinary protein content of 0.1 to 1500 mg / gCr, preferably 1 to 1000 mg / gCr, more preferably 1 to 500 mg / gCr. It is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease (for example, patients with chronic kidney disease of stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower).
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has an albumin content in early morning urine of 0.1 to 1000 mg / gCr, preferably 1 to 500 mg / gCr, more preferably 1 to 200 mg / gCr. It is administered to patients with chronic kidney disease (for example, patients with chronic kidney disease of stage G2 or higher and stage G3b or lower).
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is administered to a patient who is treated according to the CKD clinical guide.
- blood pressure control administration of RA inhibitors such as ARB and ACE inhibitors, diuretics, Ca antagonists, etc.
- proteinuria measures administration of RA inhibitors, etc.
- blood glucose level management according to the CKD medical treatment guide. It is administered to patients undergoing (administration of ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors, etc.), lipid management (administration of statins, fibrates, etc.), anemia management (administration of erythropoetin, etc.) and / or measures against bone and minerals (administration of bisphosphonates, etc.).
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are used in combination with antihypertensive agents (eg, ARBs, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, Ca antagonists).
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a spherical adsorbed carbon obtained by oxidizing and reducing spherical fine-grained porous carbon derived from a petroleum-based hydrocarbon at a high temperature (as Kremezin (registered trademark) in Japan). (Sold at) is used in combination.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are less severe, early chronic kidney disease patients (eg, stage G3b or lower, preferably stage G2 or higher, stage G3b or lower, more preferably stage G2). And stage G3a, and more preferably patients with stage G2 chronic kidney disease), in which urinary albumin lowering effect, early morning urinary albumin lowering effect, occasional urinary protein lowering effect, pure It has an effect of increasing acid excretion, a protective effect of renal function, or an effect of reducing dietary acid load on the kidney.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition for protecting renal function or a pharmaceutical composition for reducing dietary acid load on the kidney.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for use in the protection of renal function.
- the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for use in the protection of renal function.
- the administration unit to 6 administration units are orally administered in 3 divided doses a day.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof for use in reducing the dietary acid load on the kidneys.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof for use in reducing the dietary acid load on the kidneys.
- compositions containing a mixture thereof as an active ingredient which contains 231.5 mg of potassium citrate monohydrate and 195.0 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate in one administration unit (preferably one tablet). 3 to 6 administration units per day are orally administered in 3 divided doses per day.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid for use in occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or increased pure acid excretion.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid for use in occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or increased pure acid excretion.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention provide occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or pure acid excretion in patients with early chronic kidney disease.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising citric acid for use in augmentation, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient, the potassium citrate monohydrate and Sodium citrate dihydrate is orally administered at 0.5 to 1.5 g / day, for a total of 1 to 3 g / day, 1 to 5 times a day, preferably 3 times a day.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention provide occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or pure acid excretion in patients with early chronic kidney disease.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising citric acid for use in augmentation, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient, 1 dose unit (preferably 1 tablet). Tablets) contain 231.5 mg of potassium citrate monohydrate and 195.0 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate, and 3 to 6 dose units are orally administered 3 times a day. Is.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid, citric acid, for use in suppressing a decrease in urinary protein or an increase in urinary protein with the progression of chronic kidney disease.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing, as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the above, or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein 0.5 of potassium citrate monohydrate and 0.5 of sodium citrate dihydrate, respectively. It is orally administered in a total of 1 to 3 g / day at ⁇ 1.5 g / day, 1 to 5 times a day, preferably 3 times a day.
- urine in the term “urine” can be "early morning urine”.
- the term “urinary protein” can be "urinary albumin”.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention are citric acid, citric acid, for use in suppressing a decrease in urinary protein or an increase in urinary protein with the progression of chronic kidney disease.
- “urine” in the term “urine” can be "early morning urine”.
- the term “urinary protein” can be "urinary albumin”.
- Examples of other embodiments of the present invention include: ⁇ 1-1> A method for protecting renal function in a mammalian subject (for example, human), which is an effective amount of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid for a subject requiring protection of renal function. Methods involving administration of their hydrates or mixtures thereof; ⁇ 1-2> A method for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidneys in mammalian subjects (for example, humans), which is an effective amount of citric acid and citric acid for subjects who need to reduce the dietary acid load on the kidneys.
- Methods comprising administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof; ⁇ 1-3> A method for reducing urinary albumin at any time, lowering urinary albumin in the early morning, lowering urinary protein at any time, or increasing pure acid excretion in a mammalian subject (for example, human).
- Citric acid pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof for use in the protection of renal function
- Citric acid pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof for use in reducing the dietary acid load on the kidneys
- Citric acid pharmaceutically acceptable for citric acid, for use in occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or increased pure acid excretion Salts, or hydrates thereof, or mixtures thereof
- ⁇ 3-1> A pharmaceutical composition containing citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for use in protecting renal function;
- ⁇ 3-2> A pharmaceutical composition containing citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for use in reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney;
- Citric acid, pharmaceutically acceptable for citric acid, for use in occasional urinary albumin reduction, early morning urinary albumin reduction, occasional urinary protein reduction, or increased pure acid excretion A pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof;
- ⁇ 3-4> Further, a pharmaceutical composition for use according to ⁇ 3-1> for use in protecting renal function;
- ⁇ 4-1> Use of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for producing a pharmaceutical composition for protecting renal function
- ⁇ 4-2> Use of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof for producing a pharmaceutical composition for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney.
- ⁇ 4-3> Citric acid, citric acid for producing pharmaceutical compositions for occasional lowering of urinary albumin, lowering of early morning urinary albumin, occasional lowering of urinary protein, or increased pure acid excretion.
- the food composition provided by the present invention comprises citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, and urinary albumin at any time. It has the effects of lowering urinary albumin in the early morning, lowering urinary protein from time to time, increasing pure acid excretion, protecting renal function, or reducing dietary acid load on the kidneys.
- citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, the citric acid and citric acid described in "1.
- Pharmaceutical Composition are pharmaceutically acceptable. Salts, or hydrates thereof, or mixtures thereof can be applied.
- An example of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid as a food acceptable salt of citric acid ( For example, an alkali metal citrate salt or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof), preferably a monohydrate of potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) and sodium citrate. mixture of dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O) , or a dihydrate sodium citrate.
- the content of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof in the food composition provided by the present invention can be appropriately determined depending on the type of food.
- food compositions include foods for specified health use, foods with functional claims, foods for hospital patients, and supplements.
- the forms of these food compositions include an effective amount of citric acid for exerting the above-mentioned effect, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, and are taken orally.
- the form is not particularly limited as long as it is possible, and it may be in the form of a normal food or drink, or among the preparations applicable to the pharmaceutical composition, a preparation suitable for oral administration, for example, a tablet.
- compositions such as a capsule or a suspending agent.
- composition and production method of these preparations in this specification, the composition and production method of the pharmaceutical preparation described in the above "1.
- Pharmaceutical composition can be applied as they are, and in the field of pharmaceutical formulation technology itself. Known pharmaceutical techniques can be applied.
- a total of 1 to 1 to potassium citrate monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate as active ingredients per serving of food may contain 1/3 amount of 3 g.
- foods for hospital patients or supplements are provided as tablets, for example, in tablets of 300 mg to 600 mg per tablet, 70 to 80% by weight of citric acid, pharmacy of citric acid. It may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof.
- the food composition provided by the present invention is not formulated and is provided in the form of a normal food or drink, it can be appropriately produced by a person skilled in the art depending on the type of the food, for example, citric acid or citric acid can be added to the food material. It can be prepared by blending pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof (eg, potassium citrate and / or sodium citrate).
- the forms of the food and drink include liquid or milky or pasty foods such as beverages, soy sauce, milk, yogurt and miso; semi-solid foods such as jelly and gummies; solid foods such as candy, gum, tofu and supplements; Alternatively, powdered foods and the like can be mentioned.
- Beverages include fruit juice / fruit beverages, coffee beverages, Karyu tea beverages, green tea beverages, tea beverages, barley tea beverages, vegetable beverages, soft drinks such as carbonated beverages, fruit extract beverages, vegetable extract juices, near water, sports beverages, etc. Examples include diet beverages.
- Beverages include antioxidants, fragrances, various esters, organic acids, organic acid salts, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, inorganic salts, pigments, emulsifiers, preservatives, seasonings, sweeteners, acidulants, fruit juice extracts. Additives such as varieties, vegetable extracts, honey extracts, pH adjusters, quality stabilizers and the like can be blended alone or in combination.
- the food composition provided by the present invention can be used in the same manner as the method of using the pharmaceutical composition described in "1. Pharmaceutical composition" above, and can also be used in a range not intended for the treatment or prevention of diseases. can do.
- citric acid in the food composition based on citric acid contained in the food composition according to the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof.
- the amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof is the citric acid contained in the pharmaceutical composition, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. It can be applied to the subject of application of the pharmaceutical composition so as to have the same amount as the hydrate or a mixture thereof.
- the "food composition" according to the invention is a subject (eg, a human or other mammal) having no "morbid” or "abnormal" symptoms, conditions or diseases, ie.
- Subjects without “morbid” or “abnormal” symptoms, conditions or diseases eg, humans or other mammals
- subjects in a "healthy” or “normal” condition eg, humans or
- Food compositions applied to maintain or enhance a "healthy” or “normal” state with respect to (other mammals) may be particularly referred to as "functionally labeled foods”.
- administration described in "1.
- Pharmaceutical composition above can also be applied to the "food composition” according to the present invention, and further, the "food composition” according to the present invention can be referred to.
- the term “administration” can be read as "ingestion.” Therefore, for example, the terms “administer”, “administer”, etc. can be read by changing the word form according to the context, such as “ingest”, “intake”, and “intake”. Therefore, embodiments of the food composition according to the present invention include the following.
- Citric acid a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof, or a mixture thereof, for reducing urinary albumin at any time, for lowering urinary albumin in the early morning, urine at any time.
- (2-1) Decrease in urinary albumin at any time, decrease in urinary albumin in the early morning, decrease in urinary protein at any time, or a method of protecting renal function, decrease in urinary albumin at any time, decrease in early morning urinary albumin ,
- a food composition comprising an effective amount of citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof, for subjects who need to reduce urinary protein at any time or protect renal function.
- a food composition comprising citric acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of citric acid, or a hydrate thereof or a mixture thereof; and (4-1) occasional reduction of urinary albumin, in early morning urine.
- Citric acid for the production of food compositions for lowering albumin, occasional lowering urinary protein, increasing pure acid excretion, protecting renal function, or reducing dietary acid load on the kidneys, Use of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of citric acid, or hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof.
- the food composition according to the present invention has a decrease in urinary albumin at any time, a decrease in urinary albumin in the early morning, a decrease in urinary protein at any time, an increase in pure acid excretion, and protection of renal function in its packaging, container, or instruction manual. Or, it is preferable that the effect of reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney is displayed.
- Oral administration of potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination preparation and baking soda preparation which are oral alkalizing agents, causes urinary albumin lowering effect, early morning urinary albumin lowering effect, and urinary protein lowering effect at any time.
- a human clinical study was conducted to investigate whether or not an effect of increasing pure acid excretion was observed.
- No alkalizing agent was administered to the control group.
- the group A containing potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 ⁇ H 2 O) 231.5 mg and sodium citrate hydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ⁇ 2H 2 O) 195.0 mg
- the tablets were orally administered 3 times a day, 3 times a day (morning, noon, evening) for 24 weeks.
- the pH of early morning urine should be controlled over time, and in cases where early morning urine has a pH of less than 6.5, the dose can be increased up to 6 tablets a day, 3 times a day (morning, noon, evening) at the discretion of the doctor. And said.
- Group B was orally administered 3 tablets containing 500 mg of sodium hydrogen carbonate 3 times a day (morning, noon, evening) for 24 weeks.
- the pH of early morning urine should be controlled over time, and in cases where early morning urine has a pH of less than 6.5, the dose can be increased up to 6 tablets a day, 3 times a day (morning, noon, evening) at the discretion of the doctor. And said.
- U-NAE U-NH 4 + U-Titratable Acid - U-HCO 3 -
- U-NH 4 (Osmolarity-2X (Urine Na concentration + Urine K concentration) + Urine urea nitrogen concentration / 2.8 + Urine glucose concentration / 18) / 2
- the unit of urinary Na concentration and urinary K concentration is [mEq / L]
- the unit of urinary urea nitrogen concentration and urinary glucose concentration is [mg / dL].
- U-Titratable acid U-NH 4 + Anion gap
- U-Anion gap Urine Na concentration + Urine K concentration --Urine Cl concentration
- Urine creatinine concentration was measured by the enzymatic method. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between groups, and the Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of changes over time.
- Table 1-1-1-1 The value obtained by dividing the urinary albumin concentration by the urinary creatinine concentration (mg / gCr) at any time.
- Table 1-1-1-2 The value obtained by dividing the urinary albumin concentration at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the start of administration by the urinary creatinine concentration, and the urinary albumin concentration at any time before the start of administration is urinary creatinine.
- Ratio (%) to the value divided by the concentration Table 1-1-1-3: The amount of change (mg / gCr) from before the start of administration, which is the value obtained by dividing the urinary albumin concentration by the urinary creatinine concentration at any time.
- Table 1-2-1-1 As needed, the value obtained by dividing the urinary protein concentration by the urinary creatinine concentration (mg / gCr), Table 1-2-1-2: The value obtained by dividing the urinary protein concentration at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the start of administration by the urinary creatinine concentration, and the urinary protein concentration at any time before the start of administration is urinary creatinine. Ratio (%) to the value divided by the concentration, Table 1-2-1-3: The amount of change (mg / gCr) from before the start of administration, which is the value obtained by dividing the urinary protein concentration by the urinary creatinine concentration at any time.
- Table 2-1-1-1 Early morning urinary albumin concentration divided by urinary creatinine concentration (mg / gCr), Table 2-1-1-2: The value obtained by dividing the early morning urinary albumin concentration at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the start of administration by the urinary creatinine concentration, and the early morning urinary albumin concentration before the start of administration is urinary creatinine. Ratio (%) to the value divided by the concentration, Table 2-1-1-3: Changes in the value obtained by dividing the urinary albumin concentration in the early morning by the urinary creatinine concentration (mg / gCr) from before the start of administration,
- Table 1-3 The amount of change (mEq / gCr) from before the start of administration, which is the value obtained by dividing the concentration of urinary pure acid excretion at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the start of administration by the urinary creatinine concentration.
- group A (Citrate: potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination administration group)
- B group Bicarbonate: sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation administration group
- C group Control: control group
- the amount of urinary albumin was low at any time after 24 weeks (see Table 1-1-1-1).
- the amount of albumin in urine at any time during the 6th to 24th weeks was lower in the A group than in the B and C groups (see Table 1-1-1-1).
- the changes in urinary albumin levels 6, 12 and 24 weeks after administration and 6 to 24 weeks after administration from before the start of administration increased in groups B and C, but decreased in group A (group A). See Table 1-1-1-3). Therefore, it was shown that the administration of the potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination preparation is more useful for the protection of renal function than the administration of the sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation or the control group.
- group A (Citrate: potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination administration group)
- B group Bicarbonate: sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation administration group
- C group Control: control group
- the amount of urinary protein was low at any time after 24 weeks (see Table 1-2-1-1).
- the amount of protein in urine at any time during the 6th to 24th weeks was lower in the A group than in the B and C groups (see Table 1-2-1-1).
- the changes in urinary protein levels 6, 12 and 24 weeks after administration and 6 to 24 weeks after administration from before the start of administration increased in groups B and C, but decreased in group A (group A). See Table 1-2-1-3). Therefore, it was shown that the administration of the potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination preparation is more useful for the protection of renal function than the administration of the sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation or the control group.
- group A (Citrate: potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination administration group), compared with group B (Bicarbonate: sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation administration group) and C group (Control: control group), administration 6,
- group B B
- Bicarbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation administration group
- C group Control: control group
- administration 6 The amount of change in pure acid excretion after 12 and 24 weeks and before administration at 6 to 24 weeks was decreased in groups B and C, but increased in group A, or increased in groups B and C. The amount of decrease was small compared to.
- the amount of change in the amount of pure acid excretion from before the start of administration was high (see Table 1-3). Therefore, it was shown that the administration of the potassium citrate / sodium citrate hydrate combination preparation is useful for reducing the dietary acid load on the kidney as compared with the administration of the sodium hydrogen carbonate preparation or the control group. ..
- the pharmaceutical composition or food composition provided by the present invention can protect renal function or reduce the dietary acid load on the kidney in mammals.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年3月26日に、日本に出願された特願2020-056660号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このESKDの予備軍として認識されているのが慢性腎臓病(CKD)である。CKDは、原疾患を問わず、慢性に経過する腎臓病を包括する概念であり、糸球体濾過量(GFR)で表される腎機能の低下があるか、又は腎臓の障害を示唆する所見が慢性的(3ヶ月以上)に持続する病態全てを包含する概念である。CKDはESKDへの進行リスクであるばかりではなく、心血管疾患(CVD)等の強力な発症リスクであることから、CKDを早期に発見し適切な治療を行うことは非常に重要である。これまでに多くのCKD治療法が確立されているが、まだ不十分で、さらに腎保護剤の開発が求められている。
(1)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む、腎機能の保護用医薬組成物。
(2)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む、腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減用医薬組成物。
(3)早期の慢性腎臓病患者に投与される、(1)又は(2)に記載の医薬組成物。
(4)尿中蛋白量を低下させる(例えば、プラセボ若しくはコントロール、又は該医薬組成物の投与前と比較して尿中蛋白量を低下させる)、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(5)前記尿中蛋白が、尿中アルブミン(より具体的には、随時尿中アルブミン若しくは早朝尿中アルブミン)、又は随時尿中蛋白である、(4)に記載の医薬組成物。
(6)前記尿が早朝尿である、(4)又は(5)に記載の医薬組成物。
(7)慢性腎臓病の進行に伴う、尿中蛋白量の増加を抑制する、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(8)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が、クエン酸ナトリウム若しくはその水和物、クエン酸カリウム若しくはその水和物、又はそれらの混合物である、(1)~(7)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(9)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物と、クエン酸カリウム又はその水和物との混合物を含む、(1)~(8)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(10)医薬組成物が錠剤である、(1)~(9)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(11)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が1~3g/日で投与される、(1)~(10)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(12)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が1~1.5g/日で投与される、(1)~(11)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(13)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が12週間以上投与される、(1)~(12)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(14)無水クエン酸を含む、(1)~(13)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(14-1)腎への食事性酸負荷を軽減する、(1)~(14)のいずれか1つに記載の医薬組成物。
(15)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含み、随時尿中アルブミンの低下用、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下用、随時尿中蛋白の低下用、純酸排泄の増加用、腎機能の保護用又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減用である食品組成物。
(16)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物と、クエン酸カリウム又はその水和物との混合物を含む、(15)に記載の食品組成物。
(17)クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物である、(15)又は(16)に記載の食品組成物。
(18)食品組成物が錠剤である、(15)~(17)のいずれか1つに記載の食品組成物。
(19)食品組成物の包装、容器、又は説明書に、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、純酸排泄の増加、腎機能の保護、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減の効果が表示されている、(15)~(18)のいずれか1つに記載の食品組成物。
(20)尿中蛋白又は腎臓の健康が気になる健常人に摂取される、(15)~(19)のいずれか1つに記載の食品組成物。
(21)腎への食事性酸負荷が気になる健常人に摂取される、(15)~(19)のいずれか1つに記載の食品組成物。
(22)無水クエン酸を含む、(15)~(21)のいずれか1つに記載の食品組成物。
本発明が提供する医薬組成物又は食品組成物等により、哺乳動物において、腎機能の保護、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減が可能である。
本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、有効成分として、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含むことができる。
クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩の例としては、クエン酸アルカリ金属塩が挙げられる。クエン酸アルカリ金属塩の例としては、クエン酸カリウム及びクエン酸ナトリウムが挙げられ、それぞれ安定なクエン酸カリウムの一水和物(C6H5K3O7・H2O)及びクエン酸ナトリウムの二水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O)等の水和物であってもよい。
一つの実施態様において、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩は、クエン酸鉄(例えば、クエン酸第二鉄又はその水和物)以外である。
また、本発明が提供する医薬組成物に含まれる有効成分の他の例には、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物が挙げられ、例えば、クエン酸ナトリウムの二水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O)であってもよい。
一つの実施態様において、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれる有効成分は、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物と、クエン酸カリウム又はその水和物との混合物を含んでいてもよい。
一つの実施態様において、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれる有効成分は、クエン酸カリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム及びクエン酸(例えば、無水クエン酸)の混合物であってもよい。その場合、クエン酸(例えば、無水クエン酸)、クエン酸カリウム及びクエン酸ナトリウムの混合比は、当業者が適宜設定でき、例えば、1:1.7~2.3:1.7~2.3、1:1.9~2.1:1.9~2.1又は1:1.95~2.05:1.95~2.05としてもよく、1:2:2が好ましい。
一つの実施態様において、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれる有効成分は、クエン酸カリウムの一水和物(C6H5K3O7・H2O)、クエン酸ナトリウムの二水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O)及び無水クエン酸の混合物であってもよい。その場合、無水クエン酸、クエン酸カリウムの一水和物(C6H5K3O7・H2O)及びクエン酸ナトリウムの二水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O)の混合比は、当業者が適宜設定でき、例えば、1:1.7~2.3:1.7~2.3、1:1.9~2.1:1.9~2.1又は1:1.95~2.05:1.95~2.05としてもよく、1:2:2が好ましい。
一つの実施態様において、本発明の医薬組成物に含まれる有効成分は、クエン酸ナトリウム又はその水和物と、クエン酸カリウム又はその水和物との混合物のみから構成されていてもよい。
本明細書において、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物(例えば、クエン酸カリウムの一水和物(C6H5K3O7・H2O)及び、クエン酸ナトリウムの二水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O))の重量について言及する時は、その重量は乾燥重量であり得る。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与により、腎機能の保護、及び純酸排泄の増加作用が認められる。
ここで、前記症状、状態又は疾患は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与前と投与後で比較されるか、又は本発明が提供する医薬組成物を投与したときと、コントロール若しくはプラセボを投与したときが比較される。
本明細書において、「腎機能の保護」とは、腎機能の悪化を停止若しくは減速させること、腎機能を維持すること、腎機能を改善すること、又はそのための行為若しくは手段を含む概念である。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中アルブミンの量(mg/gCr)が、それぞれ、コントロールの投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中アルブミンの量に対し、50%以上98%未満、好ましくは70%以上95%以下、より好ましくは85%以上95%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の早朝尿中アルブミンの量(mg/gCr)が、それぞれ、コントロールの投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の早朝尿中アルブミンの量に対し、20%以上95%未満、好ましくは40%以上90%以下、より好ましくは60%以上90%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中蛋白の量(mg/gCr)が、それぞれ、コントロールの投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中蛋白の量に対し、50%以上98%未満、好ましくは60%以上95%以下、より好ましくは70%以上90%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中アルブミンの量(mg/gCr)が、投与前の随時尿中アルブミンの量に対し、それぞれ、60%以上98%未満、好ましくは70%以上95%以下、より好ましくは85%以上95%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の早朝尿中アルブミンの量(mg/gCr)が、投与前の早朝尿中アルブミンの量に対し、それぞれ、40%以上95%未満、好ましくは60%以上90%以下、より好ましくは70%以上90%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中蛋白の量(mg/gCr)が、投与前の随時尿中蛋白の量に対し、それぞれ、75%以上98%未満、好ましくは80%以上98%以下、より好ましくは85%以上95%以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の早朝尿中アルブミンの量(mg/gCr)が、投与前の早朝尿中アルブミンの量に対する変化量として、それぞれ、-60mg/gCr以上-5mg/gCr以下、好ましくは-50mg/gCr以上-5mg/gCr以下、より好ましくは-40mg/gCr以上-10mg/gCr以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎機能の保護」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の随時尿中蛋白の量(mg/gCr)が、投与前の随時尿中蛋白の量に対する変化量として、それぞれ、-60mg/gCr以上-0.5mg/gCr以下、好ましくは-50mg/gCr以上-1mg/gCr以下、より好ましくは-30mg/gCr以上-5mg/gCr以下であることで評価され得る。
1つの実施態様において、「腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減」は、本発明が提供する医薬組成物の投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の純酸排泄の量(mEq/gCr)が、それぞれ、コントロールの投与6週後、投与12週後及び投与24週後の純酸排泄の量に対する変化量として、それぞれ、0.3mEq/gCr以上30mEq/gCr以下、好ましくは0.3mEq/gCr以上10mEq/gCr以下、より好ましくは1mEq/gCr以上10mEq/gCr以下であることで評価され得る。
また、別の側面において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、随時尿中アルブミンの低下剤、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下剤、随時尿中蛋白の低下剤、及び純酸排泄の増加剤であり得る。
随時尿中アルブミンの低下は、随時尿中のアルブミン濃度の低下、又は随時尿中のアルブミン量の低下であり得る。
早朝尿中アルブミンの低下は、早朝尿中アルブミン濃度の低下、又は早朝尿中のアルブミン量の低下であり得る。
随時尿中蛋白の低下は、随時尿中蛋白濃度の低下、又は随時尿中蛋白量の低下であり得る。
純酸排泄の増加は、純酸排泄濃度の増加、又は純酸排泄量の増加であり得る。
本発明に係る錠剤について、以下により詳細に説明する。
本発明が提供する錠剤における有効成分の含量は、錠剤に対し10~95重量%、好ましくは30~90重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは60~85重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における賦形剤の含量は、錠剤に対し1~95重量%、好ましくは1~80重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは3~80重量%、更に好ましくは3~20重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における結合剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.1~30重量%、好ましくは0.1~10重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは0.3~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における崩壊剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.3~20重量%、好ましくは1~10重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは3~10重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における流動化剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.03~3重量%、好ましくは0.1~3重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは0.3~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における矯味剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.03~3重量%、好ましくは0.1~3重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは0.3~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における滑沢剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.1~30重量%、好ましくは0.3~10重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは1~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤におけるpH調整剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.1~30重量%、好ましくは0.3~10重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは1~5重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における界面活性剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.01~3重量%、好ましくは0.03~1重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは0.03~0.5重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤に使用され得る安定化剤の例には、クエン酸(例えば、無水クエン酸)、リンゴ酸、酢酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、アスコルビン酸、エデト酸ナトリウム、トコフェロール(ただし、前記安定化剤は、本発明に係る有効成分に含まれない)が挙げられ、特に無水クエン酸が好ましい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における安定化剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.01~30重量%、好ましくは0.1~30重量%であってもよく、より好ましくは1~20重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤における、有効成分及び薬学的に許容される添加剤の合計含量は、錠剤に対し100重量%を超えない。
本発明が提供する錠剤に使用され得るコーティング基剤の例には、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、酢酸フタル酸セルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマー及びポリビニルピロリドンが挙げられ、特にヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースが好ましい。本発明が提供する錠剤におけるコーティング基剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.01~10重量%、好ましくは0.3~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤に使用され得るコーティング可塑剤の例には、クエン酸トリエチル、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、トリアセチン、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール及びポリエチレングリコール(例えば、マクロゴール6000)が挙げられ、特にマクロゴール6000が好ましい。本発明が提供する錠剤におけるコーティング可塑剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.01~1重量%、好ましくは0.03~3重量%であってもよい。
本発明が提供する錠剤に使用され得るコーティング光沢化剤の例には、カルナウバロウが挙げられる。本発明が提供する錠剤におけるコーティング光沢化剤の含量は、錠剤に対し0.0001~0.1重量%、好ましくは0.001~0.01重量%であってもよい。
1つの実施態様として、混合工程で得られた混合物や造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、適宜粉砕及び/又は篩分けすることにより、所望の粒子径を有する混合物や造粒物とされ得る。粉砕は、例えば、ボールミル、ジェットミル、ハンマーミル等の製薬分野において公知の粉砕機で行うことができる。篩分けは、16mesh篩(目開き1000μm)~32mesh篩(目開き500μm)等を用いて行うことができる。
1つの実施態様において、得られる錠剤の硬度は、10~200N、好ましくは30~150Nであり得る。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物中の有効成分の量は、有効成分の投与量がヒトに投与することにより痛風又は高尿酸血症における酸性尿が改善される量、又は、それより少ない量となるように設定されてもよく、例えば、痛風又は高尿酸血症における酸性尿の改善について日本で認可されている1日用量(例えば、有効成分がクエン酸製剤の場合:1錠中にクエン酸カリウム(C6H5K3O7・H2O)231.5mg及びクエン酸ナトリウム水和物(C6H5Na3O7・2H2O)195.0mgを含む錠剤を1回2錠、1日3回経口投与)の1~50%、又は10~20%となるように設定されてもよい。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は錠剤であり、1錠剤中に、クエン酸カリウム一水和物及びクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物を、それぞれ10mg~300mgで、合計20mg~600mg含んでもよく、好ましくは、それぞれ150~250mgで、合計400~500mg、より好ましくは、それぞれ190~240mgで、合計400~450mgを含んでもよい。
本明細書において、「投与単位」とは、製剤の単位を表し、「1投与単位」とは、製剤の最小単位を表す。したがって、例えば、錠剤であれば、投与単位は各錠剤であり、1投与単位は、1つの錠剤を表す。注射剤であれば、投与単位は、アンプル又はバイアル等の密封容器に入れられた注射剤であり、1投与単位は、1つのアンプル又はバイアル等の密封容器に入れられた注射剤を表す。
本発明が提供する医薬組成物が、ヒト又はその他の哺乳動物に投与される場合、1回あたり、1又は2以上の前記投与単位が投与されてもよく、前記1投与単位が分割されて投与されてもよい。
急性腎臓病の例には、薬剤(例えば、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬、アンジオテンシン変換酵素阻害薬、アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬、アミノグリコシド系抗生物質、ニューキノロン系抗菌薬、ヨード造影剤、シスプラチン等の白金製剤)に起因する急性腎臓病、及び腎虚血に起因する急性腎臓病が挙げられる。
慢性腎臓病(CKD)は、原疾患を問わず、慢性に経過する腎臓病を包括する概念であり、糸球体濾過量(GFR)で表される腎機能の低下があるか、又は腎臓の障害を示唆する所見が慢性的(3ヶ月以上)に持続する病態全てを包含する概念である。
GFRの区分は、以下のようである。
G1:GFRが正常又は高値(≧90 mL/分/1.73 m2)
G2:GFRが正常又は軽度低下(60~89 mL/分/1.73 m2)
G3a:GFRが軽度~中程度低下(45~59 mL/分/1.73 m2)
G3b:GFRが中等度~高度低下(30~44 mL/分/1.73 m2)
G4:GFRが高度低下(15~29 mL/分/1.73 m2)
G5:末期腎不全(ESKD)(<15 mL/分/1.73 m2)
A1:正常(30 mg/gCr未満)
A2:微量アルブミン尿(30~299 mg/gCr)
A3:顕性アルブミン尿(300 mg/gCr以上)
また、蛋白尿(アルブミン尿:A)による区分は、原疾患が糖尿病以外の高血圧、腎炎、多発性嚢胞腎、移植腎、その他である場合、尿蛋白/クレアチニン(Cr)比を用いて以下のように分類される。
A1:正常(0.15 g/gCr未満)
A2:軽度蛋白尿(0.15~0.49 g/gCr)
A3:高度蛋白尿(0.50 g/gCr以上)
しかしながら、従来、慢性腎臓病の重症度は、GFRで区分されるステージのみで表記されていたことが考慮され、慢性腎臓病の重症度を従来のように、G1、G2、G3a、G3b、G4及びG5というステージで表記することも可能としている。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、ステージG3b以下、好ましくは、ステージG2又はそれ以下の慢性腎臓病患者に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下(例えば、ステージG2及びステージG3a;又はステージG2、ステージG3a及びステージG3b)である慢性腎臓病患者に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下(例えば、ステージG2及びステージG3a;又はステージG2、ステージG3a及びステージG3b)であって、軽度蛋白尿である慢性腎臓病患者に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下(例えば、ステージG2及びステージG3a;又はステージG2、ステージG3a及びステージG3b)であって、尿中蛋白排泄量が3.5g/gCr未満である慢性腎臓病患者に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、進行性の慢性腎臓病患者に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、随時尿中のアルブミン量が、0.1~1000mg/gCr、好ましくは1~500mg/gCrである、より好ましくは1~300mg/gCrである、慢性腎臓病患者(例えば、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下の慢性腎臓病患者)に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、随時尿中の蛋白量が、0.1~1500mg/gCr、好ましくは1~1000mg/gCrである、より好ましくは1~500mg/gCrである、慢性腎臓病患者(例えば、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下の慢性腎臓病患者)に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、早朝尿中のアルブミン量が、0.1~1000mg/gCr、好ましくは1~500mg/gCrである、より好ましくは1~200mg/gCrである、慢性腎臓病患者(例えば、ステージG2以上ステージG3b以下の慢性腎臓病患者)に投与される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、血圧降下薬(例えば、ARB、ACE阻害薬、利尿薬、Ca拮抗薬)と併用される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、石油系炭化水素由来の球形微粒多孔質炭素を高温にて酸化及び還元処理して得た球形吸着炭(クレメジン(登録商標)として日本で販売されている)と併用される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、腎機能の保護における使用のためのクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を有効成分として含む医薬組成物であって、1投与単位(好ましくは1錠の錠剤)に、クエン酸カリウム一水和物231.5mg及びクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物195.0mgを含み、1日に3投与単位ないし6投与単位を、1日3回に分けて経口投与するものである。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する医薬組成物は、腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減における使用のためのクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を有効成分として含む医薬組成物であって、1投与単位(好ましくは1錠の錠剤)に、クエン酸カリウム一水和物231.5mg及びクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物195.0mgを含み、1日に3投与単位ないし6投与単位を、1日3回に分けて経口投与するものである。
<1-1>哺乳類対象(例えば、ヒト)における、腎機能の保護方法であって、腎機能の保護が必要な対象に有効量のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を投与することを含む方法;
<1-2>哺乳類対象(例えば、ヒト)における、腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減方法であって、腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減が必要な対象に有効量のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を投与することを含む方法;
<1-3>哺乳類対象(例えば、ヒト)における、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は純酸排泄の増加方法であって、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は純酸排泄の増加が必要な対象に有効量のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を投与することを含む方法;
<2-2>腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減に使用するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物;
<2-3>随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は純酸排泄の増加に使用するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物;
<2-4>更に、腎機能の保護に使用するための、<2-1>に記載の使用のためのクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物;
<3-2>腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減に使用するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む医薬組成物;
<3-3>随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は純酸排泄の増加に使用するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む医薬組成物;
<3-4>更に、腎機能の保護に使用するための、<3-1>に記載の使用のための医薬組成物;
<4-2>腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減用医薬組成物を製造するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物の使用;及び
<4-3>随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は純酸排泄の増加用医薬組成物を製造するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物の使用。
1つの実施態様において、本発明が提供する食品組成物は、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含み、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、純酸排泄の増加、腎機能の保護、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減の効果を奏する。
飲料としては、果汁・果実飲料、コーヒー飲料、烏龍茶飲料、緑茶飲料、紅茶飲料、麦茶飲料、野菜飲料、ソフトドリンクである炭酸飲料、果実エキス入り飲料、野菜エキス入りジュース、ニアウオーター、スポーツ飲料、ダイエット飲料等が挙げられる。
本発明が提供する食品組成物は、上記「1.医薬組成物」で記載した、医薬組成物の使用方法と同様に使用できることに加えて、疾病の治療又は予防を目的としない範囲においても使用することができる。すなわち、本発明に係る食品組成物に含まれるクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を基準としたとき、食品組成物中のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物の使用量が、前記医薬組成物に含まれるクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物と同量になるように、前記医薬組成物の適用対象に適用することができる。また、1つの実施態様において、本発明に係る「食品組成物」は、「病的な」又は「異常な」症状、状態又は疾患を有しない対象(例えば、ヒト又はその他の哺乳動物)、すなわち、「健常な」又は「正常な」状態にある対象(例えば、ヒト又はその他の哺乳動物)に対して、「健常な」又は「正常な」状態を維持するため、又は増進するために適用することができる。更には、「尿中蛋白又は腎臓の健康が気になる健常人」、又は「腎への食事性酸負荷が気になる健常人」に対して、「健常な」又は「正常な」状態を維持するため、又は増進するために適用することができる。この場合、前記クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が医薬組成物の成分であっても、又は食品組成物の成分であっても、前記クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物それ自体の薬理効果は、基本的に同じであるので、前記食品組成物の適用量及び適用方法は、期待する効果に応じて、前記クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を基準として、適宜、調整することができる。
したがって、本発明に係る食品組成物の実施の形態としては以下が挙げられる。
(2-1)随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は腎機能の保護の方法であって、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は腎機能の保護が必要な対象に、有効量のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む食品組成物を摂取させる方法;
(2-2)随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、又は腎機能の保護が必要な対象が、尿中蛋白、腎臓の健康が気になる健常人である、(2-1)に記載の方法;
(2-3)純酸排泄の増加方法であって、純酸排泄の増加が必要な対象に、有効量のクエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む食品組成物を摂取させる方法;
(2-4)純酸排泄の増加が必要な対象が、腎への食事性酸負荷が気になる健常人である、(2-3)に記載の方法;
(3-1)随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、純酸排泄の増加、腎機能の保護、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減に使用するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む食品組成物;及び
(4-1)随時尿中アルブミンの低下用、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下用、随時尿中蛋白の低下用、純酸排泄の増加用、腎機能の保護用、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減用の食品組成物を製造するための、クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物の使用。
本発明に係る食品組成物は、その包装、容器、又は説明書に、随時尿中アルブミンの低下、早朝尿中アルブミンの低下、随時尿中蛋白の低下、純酸排泄の増加、腎機能の保護、又は腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減の効果が表示されていることが好ましい。
ステージG2~G3bの慢性腎臓病患者(eGFR:30~89 ml/min/1.73m2)93名をクエン酸カリウム・クエン酸ナトリウム水和物配合製剤投与群(A群:31名)、重曹(炭酸水素ナトリウム)製剤投与群(B群:31名)及びコントロール群(C群:31名)に無作為に分けた。各群に、年齢、性別、糖尿病の有無、eGFRが偏らないように患者を割り付けした。各群には、「CKD診療ガイド-治療のまとめ」に基づく治療(以下、標準治療と称す)を行った。
随時尿中アルブミン濃度、早朝尿中アルブミン濃度、随時尿中蛋白濃度は、免疫比濁法、比色法を用いて測定した。
以下の式で、尿中アニオンギャップ(U-Anion gap)、尿中滴定酸濃度(U-Titratable acid)、尿中アンモニア濃度(U-NH4)を求め、純酸排泄量(U-NAE)を算出した。
U-NAE = U-NH4 + U-Titratable Acid - U-HCO3 -
U-NH4 = (浸透圧 - 2X(尿中Na濃度 + 尿中K濃度) + 尿中尿素窒素濃度/2.8 + 尿中グルコース濃度/18)/2
尿中Na濃度、及び尿中K濃度の単位は[mEq/L]、尿中尿素窒素濃度、及び尿中グルコース濃度の単位は[mg/dL]
U-Titratable acid = U-NH4 + Anion gap
U-Anion gap = 尿中Na濃度 + 尿中K濃度 - 尿中Cl濃度
尿中のクレアチニン濃度は、酵素法により測定した。
統計解析は、群間比較にはMann-Whitney検定を使用し、経時変化の比較にはWilcoxon検定を使用した。
測定結果から、A群(クエン酸カリウム・クエン酸ナトリウム水和物配合製剤投与群)、B群(炭酸水素ナトリウム製剤投与群)及びC群(コントロール群)の各患者について、以下を算出した:
(i)投与開始前の随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、随時尿中蛋白、尿中純酸排泄、及び尿中重炭酸イオンの各濃度を、尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値
(ii)投与開始後6週、12週、24週の随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、随時尿中蛋白、尿中純酸排泄、及び尿中重炭酸イオンの各濃度を、尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値
(iii)投与開始後6週、12週、24週における随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、及び随時尿中蛋白の各濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値と、投与開始前の随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、及び随時尿中蛋白の各濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値の比(投与開始後6週、12週、24週における随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、及び随時尿中蛋白の各濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値/投与開始前の随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、及び随時尿中蛋白の各濃度で割り算した値)
(iv)投与開始後6週、12週、24週の随時尿中アルブミン、早朝尿中アルブミン、随時尿中蛋白、尿中純酸排泄、及び尿中重炭酸イオンの各濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値の投与開始前からの変化量
結果を以下の表に示した。なお、A群:クエン酸カリウム・クエン酸ナトリウム水和物配合製剤投与群を“Citrate”、B群:炭酸水素ナトリウム製剤投与群を“Bicarbonate”と記載した。
表1-1-1-2:投与開始後6週、12週、24週における随時尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値と、投与開始前の随時尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値との比(%)、
表1-1-1-3:随時尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値の投与開始前からの変化量(mg/gCr)、
表1-2-1-2:投与開始後6週、12週、24週における随時尿中蛋白濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値と、投与開始前の随時尿中蛋白濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値との比(%)、
表1-2-1-3:随時尿中蛋白濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値の投与開始前からの変化量(mg/gCr)、
表2-1-1-2:投与開始後6週、12週、24週における早朝尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値と、投与開始前の早朝尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値との比(%)、
表2-1-1-3:早朝尿中アルブミン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割り算した値の投与開始前からの変化量(mg/gCr)、
Claims (9)
- クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む、腎機能の保護用医薬組成物。
- クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物を含む、腎への食事性酸負荷の軽減用医薬組成物。
- 早期の慢性腎臓病患者に投与される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- クエン酸、クエン酸の薬学的に許容可能な塩、若しくはそれらの水和物又はそれらの混合物が、クエン酸ナトリウム若しくはその水和物、クエン酸カリウム若しくはその水和物、又はそれらの混合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 無水クエン酸を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 尿中蛋白量を低下させる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病の進行に伴う、尿中蛋白量の増加を抑制する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 尿が早朝尿である、請求項6又は請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 尿中蛋白が、尿中アルブミンである、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022510684A JPWO2021193856A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | |
AU2021242596A AU2021242596A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | Renal function protective agent |
MX2022011722A MX2022011722A (es) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | Agente protector de la funcion renal. |
BR112022018917A BR112022018917A2 (pt) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | Agente protetor da função renal |
CA3172521A CA3172521A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | Renal function protective agent |
CN202180023376.2A CN115315258A (zh) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | 肾功能保护剂 |
KR1020227036188A KR20220164517A (ko) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | 신장 기능 보호제 |
IL296692A IL296692A (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | A preparation for protecting kidney function |
EP21774136.2A EP4129279A4 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | PROTECTIVE AGENT FOR RENAL FUNCTION |
US17/906,389 US20230293467A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | Renal function protective agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020056660 | 2020-03-26 | ||
JP2020-056660 | 2020-03-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021193856A1 true WO2021193856A1 (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
Family
ID=77892718
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2021/012668 WO2021193856A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-25 | 腎機能保護剤 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230293467A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4129279A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2021193856A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220164517A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN115315258A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2021242596A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112022018917A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3172521A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL296692A (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2022011722A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021193856A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018193752A1 (ja) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
JP2018177752A (ja) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-15 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
WO2020080499A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 新規医薬組成物 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7219898B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-18 | 2023-02-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-25 KR KR1020227036188A patent/KR20220164517A/ko unknown
- 2021-03-25 CN CN202180023376.2A patent/CN115315258A/zh active Pending
- 2021-03-25 CA CA3172521A patent/CA3172521A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-25 WO PCT/JP2021/012668 patent/WO2021193856A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-03-25 BR BR112022018917A patent/BR112022018917A2/pt unknown
- 2021-03-25 IL IL296692A patent/IL296692A/en unknown
- 2021-03-25 MX MX2022011722A patent/MX2022011722A/es unknown
- 2021-03-25 AU AU2021242596A patent/AU2021242596A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-25 US US17/906,389 patent/US20230293467A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-25 JP JP2022510684A patent/JPWO2021193856A1/ja active Pending
- 2021-03-25 EP EP21774136.2A patent/EP4129279A4/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018193752A1 (ja) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
WO2018193648A1 (ja) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
JP2018177752A (ja) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-15 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 |
WO2020080499A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 新規医薬組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
BRITO-ASHURST, I.D. ET AL.: "Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status", J. AM. SOC. NEPHROL., vol. 20, 2009, pages 2075 - 2084, XP055673749, DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2008111205 |
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, 2012 |
KANAUCHI, MASAO: "Paradigm Shift for Indicators and Guidance in Diet Therapy: Dietary Inflammation and Dietary Acid Load", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 49, no. 2, 2019, pages 59 - 63, XP055862018 * |
See also references of EP4129279A4 |
SOUMA T. ET AL.: "Luminal alkalinization attenuates proteinuria-induced oxidative damage in proximal tubular cells", J. AM. SOC. NEPHROL., vol. 22, 2011, pages 635 - 648, XP055556938, DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009111130 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20220164517A (ko) | 2022-12-13 |
CA3172521A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
JPWO2021193856A1 (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
CN115315258A (zh) | 2022-11-08 |
EP4129279A4 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
AU2021242596A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
IL296692A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
MX2022011722A (es) | 2023-02-22 |
US20230293467A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
EP4129279A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
BR112022018917A2 (pt) | 2022-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2018193752A1 (ja) | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 | |
JP2023115271A (ja) | アルカリ性化剤による血液浄化 | |
WO2020080499A1 (ja) | 新規医薬組成物 | |
JP7482033B2 (ja) | 夜間多尿の治療又は予防剤 | |
WO2021193856A1 (ja) | 腎機能保護剤 | |
WO2020222302A1 (ja) | 新規医薬組成物 | |
JPWO2020080394A1 (ja) | 睡眠の質の改善剤 | |
JP6691971B2 (ja) | 慢性骨髄性白血病を治療又は寛解するための医薬組成物 | |
US20240115572A1 (en) | Methods for treating glioblastomas with sepiapterin | |
WO2020080451A1 (ja) | 糖尿病腎症における腎線維化抑制剤 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21774136 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022510684 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3172521 Country of ref document: CA |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112022018917 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20227036188 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022125307 Country of ref document: RU |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021774136 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20221026 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021242596 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20210325 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112022018917 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20220921 |