WO2021192164A1 - 荷電粒子線システム - Google Patents
荷電粒子線システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021192164A1 WO2021192164A1 PCT/JP2020/013743 JP2020013743W WO2021192164A1 WO 2021192164 A1 WO2021192164 A1 WO 2021192164A1 JP 2020013743 W JP2020013743 W JP 2020013743W WO 2021192164 A1 WO2021192164 A1 WO 2021192164A1
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- astigmatism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/153—Electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements for the correction of image defects, e.g. stigmators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/21—Means for adjusting the focus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
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- H01J37/22—Optical, image processing or photographic arrangements associated with the tube
- H01J37/222—Image processing arrangements associated with the tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J2237/153—Correcting image defects, e.g. stigmators
- H01J2237/1534—Aberrations
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a charged particle beam system.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-016983 (Patent Document 1) is available. Then, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-016983 states, "By performing image processing on a small number of two-dimensional particle images acquired while changing the focus in two types of scanning directions, the direction / size of astigmatism and the focus offset can be determined. By detecting and converting this into two types of astigmatism correction amount and focus correction amount at once and performing correction, high-speed and high-precision automatic astigmatism / focus adjustment is realized. In addition, astigmatism difference Achieve more accurate automatic astigmatism / focus adjustment by correcting errors. Furthermore, we will realize a device that realizes high-precision inspection / measurement over a long period of time by using this automatic astigmatism / focus adjustment. " It is stated (see summary).
- the focus and astigmatism can be automatically adjusted in the charged particle beam apparatus.
- the technique of Patent Document 1 requires acquiring two-dimensional particle images and performing image processing on them.
- a technique capable of adjusting focus and astigmatism at a higher speed is desired.
- the charged particle beam system of one aspect of the present disclosure includes a charged particle beam device that irradiates a sample with a charged particle beam from a charged particle source via a charged particle optical system, and a control system that controls the charged particle beam device.
- the control system scans the charged particle beam on the sample so as to form a scan locus, determines an evaluation value of signal intensity associated with different scanning directions in the scan locus, and evaluates the said. Based on the relationship between the value and the different scanning directions, information on at least one of the focus shift and the aberration included in the charged particle optical system is generated.
- At least one of focus and astigmatism can be adjusted at a higher speed.
- the basic configuration of the scanning electron microscope system is schematically shown.
- the basic configuration of the scanning transmission electron microscope system is schematically shown.
- An example of computer hardware configuration is shown.
- a configuration example of the astigmatism correction device is shown.
- An example of a change in the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam with respect to a change in the direction and magnitude of astigmatism possessed by the electron optical system is shown.
- the shape of the electron beam by the electron optical system having no astigmatism and the images of the samples at different height positions by the electron beam are schematically shown.
- the shape of the electron beam by the electron optical system having a predetermined astigmatism and the images of the samples at different height positions by the electron beam are schematically shown.
- the differential image of each image by the electron optics system which does not have astigmatism is shown.
- a differential image of each image by the electron optics system having astigmatism is shown.
- the sharpness evaluation value of the image in the electron optics system which does not have astigmatism is shown.
- the sharpness evaluation value of the image in the electron optical system having astigmatism is shown.
- An example of the scanning locus of the electron beam (spot) on the sample is shown. The scanning directions of the electron beam at several different positions of the circular scanning locus shown in FIG. 12 are shown.
- the time change of the signal intensity obtained in one cycle of circular scanning and the time change of the sharpness evaluation value (absolute value of the differential value of the signal intensity) in different combinations (states) of astigmatism and the Z position of the sample. show.
- the change in signal intensity with respect to the spot position due to circular scanning and the change in sharpness evaluation value according to the change in signal intensity are shown.
- the flowchart of the automatic focus adjustment by the control system is shown.
- An example of the scanning locus of the electron beam (spot) on the sample is shown.
- the changes in the spot diameter and the sharpness evaluation value in the orthogonal scanning direction (direction along the X-axis and direction along the Y-axis) when the amount of astigmatism is changed are shown.
- An example of adjusting the astigmatism by combining the circular scanning and the change of the astigmatism of the optical system is shown.
- the method scans a charged particle beam on a sample to form a one-dimensional scan locus to determine an assessment of signal strength associated with different scan directions in the scan locus. Based on the relationship between the evaluation value and the scanning direction, information for correcting at least one of the focus shift and astigmatism of the charged particle beam is generated. In this way, by referring to the relationship between the scanning direction and the evaluation value in the one-dimensional scanning locus, information for correcting the basic focus shift or astigmatism can be quickly generated.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the basic configuration of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) system.
- the SEM system includes an SEM device 50 and a control system 42.
- the SEM device 50 is an example of a charged particle beam device, and is an electron beam source 1, an extraction electrode 2, a condenser lens 11, a condenser diaphragm 12, an axis adjustment deflector 13, an astigmatism correction device 14, a scan deflector 15, and an objective. Includes lens 20.
- FIG. 1 only one condenser lens is designated by reference numeral 11 as an example.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 may be a device composed of a combination of coils, a spherical surface composed of a combination of a plurality of quadrupoles, or a device for correcting various aberrations. ..
- each deflector can be used for a predetermined purpose by combining a plurality of deflectors arranged at different heights.
- the electron beam source 1 is an example of a charged particle source and generates a primary electron beam.
- the condenser lens 11 adjusts the convergence condition of the primary electron beam.
- the condenser diaphragm 12 controls the spread angle of the primary electron beam.
- the axis adjustment deflector 13 adjusts the position of the primary electron beam with respect to the objective lens 20.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 adjusts the beam shape of the primary electron beam (probe) incident on the sample 21.
- the scan deflector 15 rasterly scans the primary electron beam incident on the sample 21.
- the objective lens 20 adjusts the focus position of the primary electron beam with respect to the sample 21.
- the SEM device 50 further includes a sample stage 22, a reflector 16, and a detector 26.
- the sample stage 22 determines the position of the sample 21 in the sample chamber.
- the electrons generated from the sample 21 or the electrons generated by the collision of the electrons from the sample 21 toward the reflector 16 (these are also referred to as signal electrons) are detected by the detector 26.
- the control system 42 controls the SEM device 50.
- the control system 42 controls the acceleration voltage and extraction voltage of the primary electron beam, and the current of components such as a lens and a deflector.
- the control system 42 can adjust the positional relationship of the sample 21 with respect to the irradiation position of the primary electron beam with respect to the sample 21 and the focus position of the primary electron beam.
- the control system 42 controls the gain and offset of the detector 26 to generate an image of the detected signal electrons.
- the control system 42 includes a control device 40 and a computer 41.
- the computer 41 controls the components of the SEM device 50 via the control device 40.
- the computer 41 includes a program, a storage device that stores data used by the program, and a processor that operates according to the program stored in the storage device.
- the program includes a control program for the SEM device 50 and an image processing program.
- the computer 41 further includes an interface for connecting to a network and a user interface.
- the user interface includes a display device for displaying an image and an input device for the user to give an instruction to the computer 41.
- the computer 41 controls the control device 40.
- the control device 40 includes components such as an AD converter, a DA converter, a memory, and an arithmetic unit such as an FPGA or a microprocessor.
- the extraction electrode 2 draws a primary electron beam from the electron beam source 1 at a predetermined extraction voltage.
- the direction parallel to the optical axis is defined as the Z direction, and the plane orthogonal to the optical axis is defined as the XY plane.
- the control system 42 adjusts the primary electron beam so that it converges on the sample 21 by adjusting the Z position of the sample stage 22 or adjusting the control parameters of the objective lens 20. This adjustment is a rough adjustment.
- the control system 42 selects the field of view for the electron optics system adjustment using the XY movement mechanism of the sample stage 22. At this time, the selection of the visual field may be performed by directly operating the XY movement mechanism of the sample stage 22 by the user of the apparatus.
- the control system 42 corrects the misalignment, the focus, and the astigmatism in the field of view for adjusting the electro-optical system. Specifically, the control system 42 corrects the adjustment parameters of the axis adjustment deflector 13, the astigmatism correction device 14, and the objective lens 20.
- control system 42 uses the sample stage 22 to move the observation field of view to the field of view for photographing, and after finely adjusting the focus of the objective lens 20 by user operation so that a sharp image can be observed, or a focus adjustment function. Acquires an image at the appropriate focus position adjusted by.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the basic configuration of a system used as a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
- the STEM system includes a STEM device 51 and a control system 42.
- the STEM device 51 includes an electron beam source 1, a lead-out electrode 2, a condenser lens 11, a condenser diaphragm 12, an axis adjustment deflector 13, an astigmatism correction device 14, a scan deflector 15, an objective lens 20, and a sample stage 22. ..
- only one condenser lens is designated by reference numeral 11 as an example. These functions are the same as those of the SEM device 50.
- the STEM device 51 includes an objective diaphragm 23, an axis adjustment deflector 24, a selected area diaphragm 25, an imaging system lens 30, and a detector 31 on the rear side of the sample 21.
- an imaging system lens 30 forms an image of a transmitted electron beam transmitted through the sample 21.
- the detector 31 detects the imaged electron beam.
- the control system 42 generates an image of the detected signal electrons.
- the control system 42 like the SEM system, includes a control device 40 and a computer 41.
- the program executed by the computer 41 includes a control program of the STEM device 51 and an image processing program.
- the extraction electrode 2 draws a primary electron beam from the electron beam source 1 at a predetermined extraction voltage.
- the control system 42 irradiates the sample 21 on the sample stage 22 with a primary electron beam.
- the control system 42 roughly adjusts the focus of the primary electron beam by adjusting the Z position of the sample stage 22 or adjusting the control parameters of the objective lens 20. After that, the control system 42 selects the field of view for adjusting the electron optics system by using the XY movement mechanism of the sample stage 22. The control system 42 corrects the deviation, focus, and astigmatism of the optical system in the field of view for adjusting the electro-optical system. Specifically, the adjustment parameters of the axis adjustment deflector 13, the astigmatism correction device 14, and the objective lens 20 are corrected.
- control system 42 uses the sample stage 22 to move the observation field of view to the field of view for photographing, and after finely adjusting the focus of the objective lens 20 by user operation so that a sharp image can be observed, or a focus tracking function. After adjusting to a more appropriate focus position, the image is captured.
- the control system 42 uses the condenser lens 11, the axis adjustment deflector 13, and the astigmatism correction device 14 to make the primary electron beam incident on the sample 21.
- the control system 42 scans the primary electron beam with the scan deflector 15. When the primary electron beam enters the sample 21, most of the electrons pass through the sample 21.
- the imaging system lens 30 causes a transmitted electron beam to be incident on the detector 31 at an appropriate angle, and a STEM image is obtained. The magnification of the STEM image is set by the current that controls the scan deflector 15.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the computer 41.
- the computer 41 includes a processor 411, a memory (main storage device) 412, an auxiliary storage device 413, an output device 414, an input device 415, and a communication interface (I / F) 417.
- the components are connected to each other by a bus.
- the memory 412, the auxiliary storage device 413, or a combination thereof is a storage device and stores programs and data used by the processor 411.
- the memory 412 is composed of, for example, a semiconductor memory, and is mainly used for holding a program or data being executed.
- the processor 411 executes various processes according to the program stored in the memory 412. By operating the processor 411 according to the program, various functional units are realized.
- the auxiliary storage device 413 is composed of a large-capacity storage device such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive, and is used for holding programs and data for a long period of time.
- the processor 411 can be composed of a single processing unit or a plurality of processing units, and can include a single or a plurality of arithmetic units, or a plurality of processing cores.
- Processor 411 manipulates signals based on one or more central processing units, microprocessors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, state machines, logic circuits, graphics processing units, chip-on systems, and / or control instructions. It can be implemented as any device.
- the program and data stored in the auxiliary storage device 413 are loaded into the memory 412 at startup or when necessary, and the processor 411 executes the program to execute various processes of the computer 41.
- the input device 415 is a hardware device for the user to input instructions, information, etc. to the computer 41.
- the output device 414 is a hardware device that presents various images for input / output, and is, for example, a display device or a printing device.
- the communication I / F 417 is an interface for connecting to a network.
- the function of the computer 41 can be implemented in a computer system consisting of one or more computers including one or more processors and one or more storage devices including a non-transient storage medium. Multiple computers communicate over a network. For example, a plurality of functions of the computer 41 may be implemented in a plurality of computers.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the astigmatism correction device 14.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 includes an quadrupole coil.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 includes coils (X-axis astigmatism correction coils) X11, X12, X21, X22 for correcting astigmatism of the X-axis pair (X1, X2), and a Y-axis pair (Y1, Y2).
- (Y-axis astigmatism correction coil) Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22, and the like.
- the X-axis astigmatism correction coil is arranged at a position rotated by 45 degrees around the center of the optical axis with respect to the arrangement position of the Y-axis astigmatism correction coil.
- the X-axis astigmatism correction coils X11 and X12 face each other with the center of the optical axis in between.
- the X-axis astigmatism correction coils X21 and X22 face each other with the center of the optical axis in between.
- the Y-axis astigmatism correction coils Y11 and Y12 face each other with the center of the optical axis in between.
- the Y-axis astigmatism correction coils Y21 and Y22 face each other with the center of the optical axis in between. It is preferable that the intersections of the X1 axis, the X2 axis, the Y1 axis, and the Y2 axis coincide with the center of the optical axis.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 uses an octapole coil to deform the cross-sectional shape of the primary electron beam EB (hereinafter simply referred to as an electron beam). Since the direction of the magnetic field generated by the coil and the direction of the force exerted by the magnetic field on the primary electron beam are orthogonal to each other, the beam is directed in the Y-axis (Y1, Y2) direction by using the X-axis non-point aberration correction coil. By using the Y-axis non-point aberration correction coil, the beam can be deformed in the X-axis (X1, X2) direction. As an example, FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows an electron beam EB deformed so as to be pulled from the center of the optical axis in both the positive and negative directions of the X1 axis.
- a Y-axis astigmatism correction coil is used to correct the astigmatism of the electron beam EB deformed into such a shape.
- the control system 42 causes a current to flow through the Y-axis astigmatism correction coils Y11 and Y12 to generate a magnetic flux flow in the direction of the optical axis along the Y1 axis, and at the same time, the Y-axis astigmatism correction coil Y21, A current in the opposite direction is passed through Y22, and a magnetic field in the opposite direction to the Y1 axis is generated in the Y2 axis.
- a magnetic field is generated on the X1 axis in the direction orthogonal to the X1 axis, from Y11 to Y21, and from Y12 to Y21, so that the electron beam EB is compressed along the long axis direction (X1 axis) of the ellipse.
- a magnetic field is generated in the direction orthogonal to the X2 axis, from Y12 to Y21, and from Y11 to Y22. It deforms in the direction of divergence along.
- the electron beam EB that has passed through the correction magnetic field formed by the astigmatism correction coil is corrected into a circular shape.
- the control system 42 uses an X-axis astigmatism correction coil. do. Specifically, the control system 42 passes a current through the X-axis astigmatism correction coils X11 and X12 to generate a magnetic flux flow in the direction toward the optical axis along the X1 axis or in the direction away from the optical axis.
- control system 42 controls the astigmatism correction device 14 by designating the current (X parameter) of the X-axis astigmatism correction coil and the current (Y parameter) of the Y-axis astigmatism correction coil.
- the astigmatism correction device 14 applies a current to each correction coil according to the designated X and Y parameters.
- FIG. 5 is an example showing how the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam on a surface at the same height changes when the direction and magnitude of the astigmatism of the electron optical system changes.
- Sections 121 to 125 show an example in which the direction of astigmatism is 0 ° and the magnitude of the astigmatism changes.
- the cross section 123 has astigmatism 0, the cross section 122 has astigmatism 1, the cross section 121 has astigmatism 2, the cross section 124 has astigmatism -1, and the cross section 125 has astigmatism 2. It corresponds to a certain case.
- Cross section 131 to cross section 135 show an example in which the direction of astigmatism is 45 ° and the magnitude of the astigmatism changes.
- the cross section 133 has astigmatism 0
- the cross section 132 has astigmatism 1
- the cross section 131 has astigmatism 2
- the cross section 134 has astigmatism -1
- the cross section 135 has astigmatism 2. It corresponds to a certain case.
- the unit of the amount of aberration and the scale of the absolute amount of aberration at this time can take various forms depending on the conditions and how to take the standard.
- the cross section 124 is the size 1 in the 90 ° direction
- the cross section 125 is the size 2 in the 90 ° direction
- the cross section 134 is the size 135 ° direction.
- the size 1 and the cross section 135 can be expressed as the aberration corresponding to the size 2 in the 135 ° direction.
- first-order astigmatism since it has 180 ° rotational symmetry, the aberration in the 0 ° direction and the aberration in the 180 ° direction are substantially the same. Based on this, the angular region in which the long axis direction of the beam cross section changes in the range of 0 to 180 ° is treated as one cycle in the direction of aberration, and 0 to 360 ° or -180 to -180 ° is newly treated for this one cycle. It is also possible to assign an angle such as 180 ° to express that direction. It is also possible to decompose the amount of aberration having an arbitrary direction and magnitude into components in two orthogonal directions and use a complex number expression in which each is a real part and an imaginary part. The direction of such aberration is also expressed as phase.
- FIG. 6 shows a portion where the electron beam is converged by an electron optical system having no astigmatism or an amount of astigmatism whose effect is negligible, and a height different depending on the electron beam.
- Each image obtained when observing the sample at the position is schematically shown.
- FIG. 6 103 shows a cross section of an electron beam having one convergence point with the Z axis as the optical axis on a plane including the Z axis and the X axis.
- 101 and the plurality of circles shown above it indicate the cross-sectional shapes of the electron beam on a plurality of different surfaces on the Z axis, and the horizontal and vertical directions of the figure correspond to the X-axis and the Y-axis directions, respectively. do.
- the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other.
- the beam cross-sectional shape 101 at an arbitrary height position is a circle.
- the cross-sectional shape of the beam at one height position is indicated by reference numeral 101 as an example.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the shape of the electron beam in a state where astigmatism is added to the electron optical system with respect to the electron beam shown in FIG. 6, and images of samples at different height positions by the electron beam.
- Reference numeral 153 is a cross section of the electron beam on a plane including the Z-axis and the X-axis. The optical axis of the electron beam coincides with the Z axis, and the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are perpendicular to each other.
- the value of Z shown on the left of FIG. 7 indicates the position on the Z axis, for example, the unit is ⁇ m.
- the position on the Z axis corresponding to each figure is shown to the left, for example, the unit is ⁇ m.
- the position on the Z axis shown in FIG. 6 and the position on the Z axis shown in FIG. 7 are the same position.
- the horizontal and vertical directions of the figure correspond to the X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively.
- the cross-sectional shape of the beam is circular and isotropic in the vicinity of the upper and lower sides of the focus position, whereas in the state where the optical system has astigmatism, the focus is formed. It can be seen that the cross-sectional shape of the beam becomes anisotropic near the top and bottom of the position, and the direction changes above and below the focus position.
- FIG. 8 shows a differential image of each of the images 201, 203, and 205 by the electron optics system having no astigmatism.
- the image 203 when the height position of the sample is at the focus position (Z 0), the differential image 203X along the X axis of the image 203, and the differential image 203Y along the Y axis of the image 203. It is composed of.
- the differential image shows the change (sharpness) of the image intensity (luminance) along the corresponding axis, and the intensity (luminance) increases as the gradient of the intensity of the original image becomes steeper.
- the differential image 203X at the focus position shows a higher maximum intensity than the other differential images 201X and 205X along the X axis.
- the differential image 203Y at the focus position shows a higher maximum intensity than the other differential images 201Y and 205Y along the Y axis. This is because the diameter of the beam cross section along the X and Y axes at the focus position is smaller than the diameter of the beam cross section along the X and Y axes at other height positions, and the obtained image is the X axis and Y. Indicates sharpness in each direction of the axis.
- FIG. 9 shows differential images of each of the images 251, 253, and 255 by the electron optics system having astigmatism.
- the image obtained by the beam obtained by the electron optics system having astigmatism has anisotropy of sharpness depending on the height position of the sample with respect to the focus position.
- FIG. 10 shows the sharpness evaluation value of the image in the electron optics system having no astigmatism.
- the horizontal axis shows the height position of the sample (position on the Z axis), and the vertical axis shows the sharpness evaluation value (X sharpness evaluation value) on the X axis of the image.
- Each point indicates an X sharpness evaluation value in images 201, 203 and 205, respectively.
- the horizontal axis represents the height position of the sample (position on the Z axis), and the vertical axis represents the Y sharpness evaluation value of the image.
- Each point indicates a Y sharpness evaluation value in images 201, 203 and 205, respectively.
- Graph 303 shows a value obtained by subtracting the Y sharpness evaluation value from the X sharpness evaluation value of each image.
- the sharpness in each direction in the electron optics system having no astigmatism is about the same, and the decrease in sharpness in each direction that occurs when the focus position is away from the height position of the sample is the focus.
- the position hardly depends on the direction away from the height position of the sample, and largely depends only on the amount of the distance. Therefore, the value obtained by subtracting the Y sharpness evaluation value from the X sharpness evaluation value at each height is a value close to 0 at any height.
- FIG. 11 shows the sharpness evaluation value of the image in the electron optics system having astigmatism.
- the horizontal axis represents the height position of the sample (position on the Z axis), and the vertical axis represents the X sharpness evaluation value of the image.
- Each point indicates an X sharpness evaluation value in images 251, 253 and 255, respectively.
- the X sharpness evaluation value of the image 251 of the above is the lowest.
- the horizontal axis indicates the height position of the sample (position on the Z axis), and the vertical axis indicates the Y sharpness evaluation value of the image.
- Each point shows the Y sharpness evaluation value in images 251, 253 and 255, respectively.
- the X sharpness evaluation value of the image 255 of is the lowest.
- Graph 353 shows a value obtained by subtracting the Y sharpness evaluation value from the X sharpness evaluation value of each image.
- the X sharpness evaluation value and the Y sharpness evaluation value change according to the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam. Specifically, the sharpness evaluation value is low in the direction in which the diameter of the cross-sectional shape is large, and the sharpness evaluation value is high in the direction in which the diameter is small. Below, based on this finding, a method of performing focus adjustment and astigmatism correction will be described.
- the method described below moves the electron beam on the sample so as to form a one-dimensional scanning locus that includes different scanning directions.
- the sharpness evaluation value is calculated from the obtained signal electron intensity (also called signal intensity) in relation to the scanning direction.
- Information for focus adjustment and astigmatism correction is obtained from the relationship between the sharpness evaluation value and the scanning direction.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a scanning locus of an electron beam (spot) on a sample.
- FIG. 12 shows the scanning locus of the electron beam on the sample 21 in the field of view by the white arrow. As shown in FIG. 12, the scanning locus is circular.
- the control system 42 moves the electron beam one or more times so as to form the same circular locus.
- FIG. 13 shows the scanning directions of the electron beam at several different positions of the circular scanning locus shown in FIG.
- the points in the scanning locus 501 can be represented by an angle ⁇ from the X axis.
- the angle ⁇ of the position P1 is 0 °
- the angle ⁇ of the position P3 is 90 °
- the angle ⁇ of the position P5 is 180 °
- the angle ⁇ of the position P7 is 270 °.
- the electron beam is moving in the positive direction along the Y axis at position P1, that is, in the upward direction in FIG.
- This scanning direction is 90 ° when expressed in terms of an angle ⁇ .
- the electron beam is moving in the negative direction along the X axis, that is, to the left in FIG.
- the angle ⁇ in the scanning direction is 180 °.
- the electron beam is moving in the negative direction along the Y axis, that is, in the downward direction in FIG.
- the angle ⁇ in the scanning direction is 270 °.
- the electron beam is moving in the positive direction along the X axis, that is, to the right in FIG.
- the angle ⁇ in the scanning direction is 0 °.
- FIG. 14 shows the movement of the electron beam (spot) on the sample and the different positions in the scanning locus in different combinations (states) of astigmatism and the position (also referred to as Z position) on the Z axis of the sample surface.
- the beam cross-sectional shape is shown.
- the direction of the astigmatism STG-X in the optical system is 0 °.
- FIG. 14 shows three different quantities of astigmatism STG-X, (-1, 0, 1).
- FIG. 14 shows three different Z positions, (-1, 0, 1).
- the Z position (0) is the focus position when there is no astigmatism.
- the Z position (1) is a position above the Z position (0) (a position close to the electron beam source 1).
- the Z position (-1) is a position below the Z position (0).
- the focus position on the X axis exists at a position lower than the Z position (0).
- the beam cross section shows an ellipse with a major axis along the X axis at the Z position (1) (state 541), a circle at the Z position (0) (state 542), and along the Y axis at the Z (-1). Shows an ellipse with a major axis (state 543).
- the focus position on the X axis exists at a position higher than the Z position (0).
- the beam cross section shows an ellipse with a major axis along the Y axis at the Z position (1) (state 547), a circle at the Z position (0) (state 548), and along the X axis at the Z (-1). Shows an ellipse with a major axis (state 549).
- the scanning locus of the electron beam on the sample is circular as shown in FIG. 13 (circular scanning). Specifically, the spot forms a circular scanning locus counterclockwise and sequentially passes through positions P1 to P8.
- the angles ⁇ from positions P1 to P8 are 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 ° (-180 °), 225 ° (-135 °), 270 ° (-90 °), and 315 ° (-90 °), respectively. -45 °).
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the position of the spot of the electron beam and the scanning direction by the circular scanning shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the angle ⁇ and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the solid line 571 shows the time change of the spot position
- the broken line 572 shows the time change of the spot in the scanning direction.
- the angular velocity of the spot is constant.
- the angle ⁇ of the position P1 is 0, and the angle in the scanning direction is 90 °.
- the angle in the scanning direction is advanced by 90 ° with respect to the angle at each position.
- FIG. 16 shows the time change of the spot position and the scanning direction and the time change of the sharpness evaluation value at a plurality of Z positions due to the circular scanning in the optical system in which the astigmatism is corrected.
- the scanning direction changes with time
- the time change of the sharpness evaluation value indicates a change with respect to the scanning direction.
- the sharpness evaluation value at each position in the scanning locus can be based on, for example, the absolute value of the derivative of the signal strength, and can be calculated using the difference from the signal strength immediately before the scanning. In this example, it is assumed that the structure of the sample is isotropic as shown in FIG. 12 and is always detected on the scanning locus.
- the time change of the spot position and the scanning direction is the same as in FIG.
- the solid lines FP1, FP2, and FP3 show the time change of the sharpness evaluation value at different Z positions, respectively. Since the position of the spot and the scanning direction change with time, FIG. 15 shows the change of the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the position and the scanning direction in the scanning locus.
- the sharpness evaluation value at any Z position is constant, and the sharpness evaluation value does not depend on the scanning direction of the spot. Since the astigmatism is corrected, as shown in FIG. 14, the cross-sectional shape of the electron beam is circular at any Z position (states 544, 545, 546). As described above, when the spot shape (the cross-sectional shape of the beam above the sample) is circular, the sharpness evaluation value does not show a large change with respect to the scanning direction of the spot.
- the sharpness evaluation value depends on the relationship between the spot shape and the scanning direction of the spot. The smaller the spot diameter in the scanning direction, the higher the sharpness can be obtained.
- the spot shape in the optical system in which astigmatism is corrected is circular. Therefore, the same sharpness evaluation value can be obtained in any scanning direction.
- the sharpness evaluation value FP1 is the smallest and the sharpness evaluation value FP3 is the largest.
- the spot diameter indicating the sharpness evaluation value FP3 is the smallest, and the spot diameter indicating the sharpness evaluation value FP1 is the largest.
- the spot corresponding to the sharpness evaluation value FP3 is in the state where the sample is most focused.
- FIG. 17 shows the time change of the spot position and the scanning direction and the time change of the sharpness evaluation value due to the circular scanning in the optical system in which the astigmatism of 0 ° is present.
- the upper graph is similar to the graph of the spot shape and the time change in the scanning direction of the spot shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
- the graph in the middle shows the change in the sharpness evaluation value due to the elliptical spot having a major axis along the X axis.
- the solid line 574 shows the change in the sharpness evaluation value due to the spot having a longer major axis and a shorter minor axis (astigmatism is larger.
- the broken line 575 has a shorter major axis and a shorter minor axis.
- the change in the sharpness evaluation value due to a longer spot small astigmatism; corresponding to 122 in FIG. 5 is shown.
- the sharpness evaluation values 574 and 575 show the same change with respect to the change in the scanning direction of the spot. Specifically, the sharpness evaluation values 574 and 575 continuously change in the same period as the circular scan (scanning locus).
- the sharpness evaluation values 574 and 575 show the maximum value when the angle ⁇ in the spot scanning direction is the direction perpendicular to the major axis (90 ° or ⁇ 90 °).
- the sharpness evaluation values 574 and 575 show the minimum value when the angle ⁇ in the spot scanning direction is a direction parallel to the major axis (0 ° or 180 ° ( ⁇ 180 °)).
- the sharpness evaluation value for one spot becomes higher as the spot diameter in the scanning direction of the spot is smaller.
- the minor axis of a spot with a longer major axis (corresponding to 121 in FIG. 5) is shorter than the minor axis of a spot having a shorter major axis (corresponding to 122 in FIG. 5). Therefore, the sharpness evaluation value 574 of a spot having a longer major axis has a larger amplitude (a larger maximum value and a smaller minimum value) than the sharpness evaluation value 575 of a spot having a shorter major axis.
- the lower graph shows the change in sharpness evaluation value due to the elliptical spot having a major axis along the Y axis.
- the solid line 577 shows the change in the sharpness evaluation value due to the spot having a longer major axis and a shorter minor axis (astigmatism is larger, which corresponds to 125 in FIG. 5), and the broken line 578 has a shorter major axis and a shorter minor axis.
- the change in the sharpness evaluation value due to a longer spot smaller astigmatism; corresponding to 124 in FIG. 5 is shown.
- the sharpness evaluation values 577 and 578 show the same change with respect to the change in the scanning direction of the spot. Specifically, the sharpness evaluation values 577 and 578 change continuously in the same period as the circular scan (scanning locus).
- the sharpness evaluation values 577 and 578 show the maximum value when the angle ⁇ in the spot scanning direction is the direction perpendicular to the major axis (0 ° or 180 ° ( ⁇ 180 °)).
- the sharpness evaluation values 574 and 575 show the minimum value when the angle ⁇ in the spot scanning direction is a direction parallel to the major axis (90 ° or ⁇ 90 °).
- the sharpness evaluation value by one spot becomes higher as the spot diameter in the scanning direction of the spot is smaller.
- a sharpness rating of 577 for a spot with a longer major axis (corresponding to 125 in FIG. 5) has a larger amplitude (larger maximum) than a sharpness rating of 578 for a spot with a shorter major axis (corresponding to 124 in FIG. 5). And a smaller minimum value).
- the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction indicates the phase according to the direction of the long axis of the elliptical spot in the optical system in which astigmatism exists. Further, as described with reference to each of the middle graph and the lower graph, the larger the astigmatism, the longer the long axis of the elliptical spot and the shorter the short axis, the larger the amplitude of the sharpness evaluation value.
- FIG. 18 shows the time change of the signal intensity obtained in one cycle of circular scanning and the sharpness evaluation value (absolute value of the differential value of the signal intensity) in different combinations (states) of astigmatism and the Z position of the sample. Indicates a change over time.
- the upper graph shows the time change of the signal intensity
- the lower graph shows the time change of the sharpness evaluation value.
- FIG. 18 shows the result obtained by the simulation, and the structure of the sample is isotropic as shown in FIG. 12, and corresponds to the result when it is always detected on the scanning locus.
- the sharpness evaluation value is almost constant in each of the states 611 to 615 in which astigmatism does not exist in the optical system. Further, the state 612 of the Z position (0), which is the focus state, shows the largest sharpness evaluation value. This state 612 is the optimum state for astigmatism correction and focus adjustment. In the states 611 to 615, the sharpness evaluation value becomes smaller as the Z position is separated from the optimum state 612.
- the phase of the sharpness evaluation value in the states 608, 609, and 610 in which the Z position is positive is different from the phase of the sharpness evaluation value in the state 606 in which the Z position is negative, and the phases are opposite.
- the state 608 at the Z position (1) shows the amplitude of the largest sharpness evaluation value.
- the state of the Z position (-1) also shows a large amplitude of the sharpness evaluation value.
- the Z position (1) is the focus position on the Y axis
- the Z position (-1) is the focus position on the X axis.
- the states 616 to 620 of STG-X of -1 local peaks of the sharpness evaluation value are gathered in one scanning cycle except for the state 617 of the Z position (0), and show a macroscopic periodic change.
- the phase of the sharpness evaluation value in the states 618, 619, and 620 in which the Z position is positive is different from the phase of the sharpness evaluation value in the state 616 in which the Z position is negative, and the phases are opposite.
- the state 619 at the Z position (2) or the state 616 at the Z position (-2) indicates the amplitude of the largest sharpness evaluation value.
- the Z position (2) is the focus position on the X axis
- the Z position (-2) is the focus position on the Y axis.
- the sharpness evaluation values of the states 616 and 618 to 620 have a phase opposite to the sharpness evaluation value of the same Z position where STG-X is positive.
- FIG. 19 shows a change in signal intensity with respect to a spot position due to circular scanning, and a change in sharpness evaluation value in response to a change in signal intensity.
- the spot position is represented by an angle with the reference axis (X axis) as 0 °, and is associated with the spot scanning direction as described above. That is, FIG. 19 shows changes in the signal strength and the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction.
- the amplitude (AC component), sum or average value (DC component), and phase can be determined from the sharpness evaluation value by a preset calculation.
- the amplitude of the AC component of the sharpness evaluation value indicates the magnitude of astigmatism.
- the sum or average value (DC component) of the sharpness evaluation values indicates the amount of focus shift.
- the phase of the AC component of the sharpness evaluation value indicates the direction of astigmatism (also referred to as the phase of astigmatism) of the optical system.
- the control system 42 moves the electron beam on the sample in a circular shape to acquire the intensity of the signal electrons detected by the detector.
- the control system 42 calculates the sharpness evaluation value of the signal strength at each point in the scanning locus. As a result, the control system 42 obtains a sharpness evaluation value associated with the scanning direction of the electron beam as shown in FIG.
- the control system 42 determines each value of the amplitude of the AC component, the DC component, and the phase of the AC component in the sharpness evaluation value that changes according to the change in the scanning direction by a preset calculation method.
- the scanning direction of the spot of the electron beam is known, and the control system 42 can determine the amplitude and the phase by extracting a component (AC component) having a periodicity corresponding to the scanning direction.
- the DC component can be calculated from the measurement data before extracting the frequency component or from the extracted frequency component.
- the control system 42 can set the focus position and the astigmatism correction amount to appropriate values by feeding back the obtained values to the focus position adjustment mechanism and the astigmatism correction mechanism.
- the spot of the electron beam on the sample has a two-fold symmetric shape with first-order astigmatism, that is, an ellipse
- the major / minor axis directions of the spot in one circular scan. Is scanned twice.
- the sharpness evaluation value has a change with a period of 2 hertz while the scanning direction changes in the range of 0 ° to 360 °.
- the spot of the electron beam on the sample has a shape symmetrical three times
- the sharpness evaluation value changes with a period of 3 hertz with respect to the change in the scanning direction, and the shape of the spot of the electron beam has.
- Components with different periodicity appear in the change of the sharpness evaluation value according to the symmetry of. Since the symmetry of the electron beam in the charged particle beam often has a symmetry of 6 times or less, the component of the period corresponding to the change in the scanning direction appearing in the sharpness evaluation value is also often 6 hertz. It becomes as follows.
- a component having periodicity with respect to such a change in the scanning direction may include a plurality of frequency components at the same time, and the evaluation method is a method of Fourier transforming the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction, or a method of Fourier transforming the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction.
- the evaluation method is a method of Fourier transforming the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction, or a method of Fourier transforming the sharpness evaluation value with respect to the scanning direction.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of automatic focus adjustment and astigmatism correction by the control system 42.
- the control system 42 sets the focus (position) as an initial condition (S101).
- the control system 42 scans the electron beam for one cycle on the sample (S102). For example, the scanning locus of the electron beam spot on the sample is circular as described above.
- the control system 42 sequentially acquires the signal strength corresponding to each point in the scanning locus, and calculates the sharpness evaluation value at each point (S103).
- the sharpness evaluation value can be calculated from, for example, the absolute value of the difference from the signal strength at the immediately preceding position.
- the control system 42 associates the scanning direction of each position in the scanning locus with the sharpness evaluation value, and analyzes the relationship between them (S104).
- the arctangent (reverse) with respect to the differential value of the current amount of the scan signal flowing through the scan coil in each direction used when scanning the electron beam, or the amount of change.
- a method of applying the tangent function) or the like can be used.
- the control system 42 calculates the evaluation value based on the amplitude and phase of the AC component and the average value (DC component) from the change in the sharpness evaluation value within one scanning cycle by a preset calculation method. Calculate (S105).
- the evaluation value based on the amplitude indicates the evaluation result of the amount of astigmatism
- the evaluation value based on the phase indicates the direction of the astigmatism of the optical system.
- the evaluation value based on the average value indicates the evaluation result of the amount of focus shift.
- the control system 42 determines whether the current focus position satisfies the preset end condition (S106). For example, when the range of the focus position for acquiring the sharpness evaluation value is preset and the current focus position is the boundary of the range, the current focus position satisfies the end condition. If the current focus position does not satisfy the end condition (S106: NO), the control system 42 changes the focus position by a predetermined amount (S107), and then returns to step S102.
- the control system 42 determines the optimum focus condition that maximizes the focus evaluation value (S108). As described above, the evaluation based on the average value in the changing sharpness evaluation value corresponds to the focus evaluation value. The control system 42 determines the focus condition indicating the maximum focus evaluation value as the optimum focus condition in the focus evaluation value at each of the observed focus positions (focus conditions). The control system 42 sets the determined optimum focus condition in the focus adjustment mechanism (S109).
- the control system 42 sets the astigmatism correction condition according to the relational expression set in advance from the change of the evaluation value based on the amplitude of the sharpness evaluation value already acquired and the evaluation value based on the phase with respect to the change of the focus position.
- the relational expression used in this case is, for example, the magnitude of astigmatism from the difference between the focus conditions corresponding to the two conditions in which the amplitude of the sharpness evaluation value becomes maximum when the focus position is changed, and the sharpness.
- the direction of astigmatism is obtained from the phase information of the evaluation value. This is the optimum astigmatism correction condition.
- the control system 42 sets the determined optimum astigmatism correction condition in the astigmatism correction mechanism (S111).
- control system 42 may perform only one of focus adjustment and astigmatism correction.
- the control system 42 generates information for performing focus adjustment and astigmatism correction, and automatically performs focus adjustment and astigmatism correction according to the information.
- the control system 42 may present information for performing focus adjustment and astigmatism correction to the user in the output device 414 to assist the user in focus adjustment and astigmatism correction. This point is the same in the focus adjustment method described below.
- FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of automatic focus adjustment.
- the control system 42 sets the focus (position) as an initial condition (S151).
- the control system 42 scans the electron beam for one cycle on the sample (S152).
- the scanning locus of the electron beam spot on the sample is circular as described above.
- the control system 42 sequentially acquires the signal electron intensity corresponding to each point in the scanning locus, and calculates the sharpness evaluation value at each point (S153).
- the sharpness evaluation value can be calculated from, for example, the absolute value of the difference from the signal strength at the immediately preceding position.
- the control system 42 associates the scanning direction of each position in the scanning locus with the sharpness evaluation value, and analyzes the relationship between them (S154).
- the control system 42 calculates a sharpness evaluation value corresponding to two predetermined orthogonal scanning directions (referred to as a vertical direction and a horizontal direction) (S155). Although the accuracy of the focus adjustment may decrease, the sharpness evaluation value in the scanning directions that are not orthogonal to each other may be used. Further, the control system 42 generates a focus evaluation value from those values (S156). The control system 42 generates a focus evaluation value based on, for example, the product or sum of the sharpness evaluation values in the two scanning directions. In this way, by generating the focus evaluation value from the sharpness evaluation values in different directions, it is possible to appropriately adjust the focus in various sample structures.
- the control system 42 determines whether the current focus position satisfies the preset end condition (S157). For example, when the range of the focus position for acquiring the sharpness evaluation value is preset and the current focus position is the boundary of the range, the current focus position satisfies the end condition. If the current focus position does not satisfy the end condition (S157: NO), the control system 42 changes the focus position by a predetermined amount (S158), and then returns to step S102.
- the control system 42 determines the optimum focus condition that maximizes the focus evaluation value (S159).
- the control system 42 determines the focus condition indicating the maximum focus evaluation value as the optimum focus condition in the focus evaluation value at each of the observed focus positions (focus conditions).
- the control system 42 sets the determined optimum focus condition in the focus adjustment mechanism (S160).
- the control system 42 can correct the focus shift or astigmatism based on the relationship between the sharpness evaluation value and the scanning direction along a different axis.
- the electron beam spot
- the scanning locus of the electron beam is not limited to the above example, and focus adjustment and / or astigmatism correction can be performed by the signal intensities of various scanning loci.
- FIG. 22 shows some other examples 511-522 of scanning trajectories of electron beams (spots) on a sample.
- Each scan locus includes positions of the electron beam in different scan directions.
- the scanning loci 511, 512, 514, and 516 are composed of curved lines, and the other scanning loci are composed of a plurality of straight lines.
- the scanning locus may not be closed, and as shown in the scanning loci 517 to 522, the scanning locus may be closed. Further, even if the scanning locus is a free curve having no periodicity or symmetry, it is possible to evaluate the focus shift or astigmatism by using the above-mentioned method.
- the control system 42 may also move the electron beam so as to form the scanning locus once or to form the same scanning locus multiple times. As the number of formations is smaller, the time for focus adjustment and astigmatism correction can be shortened, and the influence of the electron beam on the sample can be reduced.
- the control system 42 may form the same scanning locus a plurality of times, and determine the sharpness evaluation value of the signal intensity associated with the scanning direction at the same position based on the signal intensity a plurality of times at the same position. Thereby, the influence of noise can be reduced.
- the scanning loci 511 to 516 include different positions in the same scanning direction.
- the control system 42 can calculate the sharpness evaluation value in one scanning direction from the signal strength at one or a plurality of positions selected from different positions. For example, the largest sharpness evaluation value can be selected at different positions.
- the axis is not limited to a specific axis such as the X axis and the Y axis, and may have an arbitrary direction.
- the scanning loci 511, 512, 514 or 515 indicate scanning directions that continuously change from 0 ° to 360 °, and the scanning trajectories 521 and 522 also include many scanning directions.
- the scanning direction change of the scanning locus can have an angle range of 90 ° or more. By having this angle range, it is possible to obtain information on the sharpness in two orthogonal directions, so that at least the focus adjustment can be performed more appropriately.
- the change in the scanning direction of the scanning locus can have an angle range of 180 ° or more. By having this angle range, it is possible to obtain information on the sharpness in substantially all directions, so that astigmatism can be corrected more appropriately in addition to the focus adjustment.
- the scanning loci 511, 512, 514 or 515 is used. These include all scanning directions, which change continuously (always).
- FIG. 23 shows an example of correcting the focus shift by combining the circular scanning and the change of the astigmatism of the optical system.
- FIG. 23 shows an example of adding known astigmatism to an optical system in which astigmatism has been corrected while repeating circular scanning, for example.
- FIG. 23 shows the time change of the spot position on the sample represented by the angle, the time change of the non-point aberration correction amount (STG-X), and the X-axis on the sample from the top graph to the bottom graph.
- FIG. 23 assumes a state in which the sample is placed at a position above the Z position (0) in the examples described so far.
- the scanning locus is circular and the angular velocity is constant.
- Other scanning loci 511, 512, 514, 515 and the like can also be used.
- the scanning locus of the spot is a circle.
- the probe shape is an isotropic circle at any height as described above, so that the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) is 0 (in FIG. 23).
- the spot diameter (solid line) along the X-axis and the spot diameter (broken line) along the Y-axis on the sample in the vertical line 701 (corresponding to the vertical line 701) are equal values.
- the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) gradually increases in the positive direction, and the spot diameter along the Y axis on the sample becomes smaller accordingly, and the spot along the X axis on the sample. The diameter increases.
- the probe repeatedly changes its scanning direction on the sample at a cycle earlier than the change in the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) by circular scanning.
- the sharpness evaluation value obtained from the signal obtained when the probe is scanned in the X-axis direction is obtained from the signal obtained when the probe is scanned in the Y-axis direction at the spot diameter along the X-axis on the sample.
- the sharpness changes correspondingly to the spot diameter along the Y axis on the sample.
- the spot diameter along the Y-axis on the above-mentioned sample becomes the minimum, and the sharpness evaluation value becomes the maximum when the probe is scanned in the Y-axis direction at a timing close to that.
- the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) corresponding to [1] and [2] has the same magnitude but only the code is different. It becomes a value.
- the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) corresponding to either or both of such [1] and [2] can be obtained, and the focus shift amount can be obtained by converting the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) according to a predetermined relational expression.
- the beam scanning direction when the maximum sharpness evaluation value shown in [1] or [2] is obtained that is, It can be judged by evaluating the phase of the change in the sharpness evaluation value.
- the Z position is positive and the focus position is shifted downward with respect to the sample.
- the phase of the sharpness evaluation value is opposite to the phase of FIG. 23.
- the focus shift can be corrected by feeding back the information on the amount of focus shift obtained in this way to the Z position adjustment of the sample stage or the control parameter adjustment of the objective lens.
- the focus position can be determined without adjusting the Z position of the sample stage or changing the control parameters of the objective lens. Therefore, the optimum condition of the focus position can be determined at a higher speed.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of adjusting astigmatism by combining circular scanning and changes in astigmatism of the optical system.
- FIG. 24 shows an example in which, for example, circular scanning is repeated to add a known astigmatism to an optical system in which astigmatism is not corrected and exists in a certain amount.
- FIG. 24 shows the time change of the spot position on the sample represented by the angle and the time of the non-point aberration correction amount (X-direction non-point correction amount, STG-X) from the top graph to the bottom graph. Changes, temporal changes in the spot diameter (solid line) along the X-axis and spot diameter (broken line) along the Y-axis on the sample, the width of the probe with respect to the scanning direction, and the sharpness obtained for the signal obtained by scanning. The time change of the degree evaluation value is shown.
- FIG. 24 assumes a state in which the sample is placed at a position above the Z position (0) in the examples described so far.
- the scanning locus is circular and the angular velocity is constant.
- Other scanning loci 511, 512, 514, 515 and the like can also be used.
- the scanning locus of the spot is a circle.
- the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) is 0 (corresponding to the vertical line 702 in FIG. 24).
- the spot diameter (solid line) along the X-axis and the spot diameter (broken line) along the Y-axis on the sample in the state) are different values.
- the amplitude of the periodic change of the sharpness evaluation value according to the cycle of the circular scanning described above becomes the minimum under any condition.
- the amplitude of the periodic change of the sharpness evaluation value is minimized under the condition shown in [3].
- the astigmatism is corrected in the same procedure for the other direction, which is appropriate for the astigmatism component in any direction. Can be corrected.
- the astigmatism correction amount in the above example may be performed by astigmatism correction in any direction obtained by synthesizing astigmatism correction components (STG-X, STG-Y) in different directions that are orthogonal to each other. ..
- astigmatism correction components STG-X, STG-Y
- STG-X, STG-Y astigmatism correction components
- the phase component of vibration generated in the sharpness evaluation value of the signal obtained by performing circular scanning in the state where the astigmatism correction amount is 0 the state corresponding to the vertical line 702 in FIG. 24. It may be carried out using an astigmatism correction component that directly evaluates the direction of astigmatism and corrects the astigmatism in that direction.
- circular scanning is performed while changing the amount of astigmatism correction in one direction, and the phase component of vibration generated in the sharpness evaluation value of the obtained signal is used to determine the astigmatism in each state.
- the astigmatism component in the other direction orthogonal to the direction in which the astigmatism correction was performed is measured. Based on the result, it is possible to simultaneously correct the orthogonal aberration components in the two directions.
- the spot diameter along the X axis on the sample becomes the minimum under any of the conditions.
- the sharpness evaluation value becomes maximum when the probe is scanned in the X-axis direction at a timing close to that.
- the conditions corresponding to this are shown in FIG. 24 by [1].
- the spot diameter along the Y-axis on the sample becomes the minimum, and the sharpness evaluation value becomes the maximum when the probe is scanned in the Y-axis direction at a timing close to that.
- the conditions corresponding to this are shown in FIG. 24 by [2].
- the average of the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) corresponding to [1] and [2] is obtained, and the amount of focus shift with respect to the sample can be measured by converting the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) according to a predetermined relational expression.
- the difference between the condition shown in [3] in FIG. 24 and the astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) between [1] or [2] is obtained and converted by a predetermined relational expression.
- the amount of focus shift with respect to the sample can also be measured.
- the optimum conditions for the focus position and astigmatism correction can be determined without adjusting the Z position of the sample stage or changing the control parameters of the objective lens.
- the focus position or the sample position can be changed instead of the astigmatism correction amount.
- the graph of the time change of the X astigmatism correction amount (STG-X) shown below the graph at the top of FIG. 24 is shown as a change in the focus position or a change in the sample position (change in the focus position). Similar results can be obtained for the other elements shown in the graph by viewing as (the sign of the direction is inverted).
- the focus position or the sample position is changed in a state where circular scanning is repeated, and the sharpness evaluation value obtained from the signal intensity obtained at that time is an example already described.
- a plurality of generally known means can be used.
- a filter or transformation such as a differential filter, a Wavelet transformation, or a Fourier transform is applied to the obtained signal strength, and the obtained coefficient is calculated as it is or based on a predetermined formula from the obtained coefficient. It can be evaluated using the numerical values.
- the calculation of evaluation values for adjusting astigmatism and / or focus can also be obtained using a filter with a given kernel.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the configurations described.
- it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
- each of the above-mentioned configurations, functions, processing units, etc. may be realized by hardware, for example, by designing a part or all of them with an integrated circuit.
- each of the above configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by the processor interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function.
- Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be placed in a memory, a hard disk, a recording device such as an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card or an SD card.
- control lines and information lines indicate those that are considered necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily indicated on the product. In practice, it can be considered that almost all configurations are interconnected.
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- Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 荷電粒子線システムであって、
荷電粒子源からの荷電粒子線を、荷電粒子光学系を介して試料に照射する荷電粒子線装置と、
前記荷電粒子線装置を制御する制御システムと、を含み、
前記制御システムは、前記荷電粒子線を、走査軌跡を形成するように試料上で走査し、前記走査軌跡における異なる走査方向に関連付けられた信号強度の評価値を決定し、
前記評価値と前記異なる走査方向との関係に基づき、前記荷電粒子光学系が備えるフォーカスずれ及び収差の少なくとも一方に関する情報を生成する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、前記情報に基づき、前記荷電粒子光学系が備えるフォーカスずれ及び収差の少なくとも一方を補正する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記走査軌跡は、走査方向が同一又は正反対となる異なる位置を含み、
前記制御システムは、前記異なる位置における信号強度に基づいて前記信号強度の評価値を決定する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、
複数回の前記走査軌跡を形成するように、前記荷電粒子線を移動させ、
同一位置における複数回の信号強度に基づいて前記同一位置における走査方向に関連付けられた信号強度の評価値を決定する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記走査軌跡の走査方向が連続的に変化する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項5に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記走査軌跡の走査方向の変化は90°以上の角度範囲で行われる、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、前記評価値と前記異なる走査方向との関係として、前記走査方向の変化に対する前記評価値の交流成分及び直流成分の少なくとも一つを用いる、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項7に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記交流成分は6ヘルツ以下の周期性を有する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項7に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、前記交流成分の振幅、を用いる、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項7に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記直流成分は、前記走査方向の変化に対する前記評価値の平均値又は総和に基づく、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項7に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、前記交流成分の位相を用いる、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項7に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記直流成分は、前記交流成分における前記評価値の平均値又は総和に基づく、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記評価値は、前記信号強度の鮮鋭度を表す、又は前記信号強度に対して所定のカーネルを用いたフィルタを適用して得られる値である、荷電粒子線システム。 - 請求項1に記載の荷電粒子線システムであって、
前記制御システムは、試料位置、フォーカス、又は前記荷電粒子光学系の収差量を変化させた複数の条件において前記評価値を決定する、荷電粒子線システム。 - 荷電粒子線装置を制御するための方法であって、
荷電粒子線を、荷電粒子光学系を介して、走査軌跡を形成するように試料上で走査し、
前記走査軌跡における異なる走査方向に関連付けられた信号強度の評価値を決定し、
前記評価値と前記異なる走査方向との関係に基づき、前記荷電粒子光学系が備えるフォーカスずれ及び収差の少なくとも一方に関する情報を生成する、ことを含む方法。
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JP2022510276A JP7292496B2 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2020-03-26 | 荷電粒子線システム |
KR1020227025744A KR20220120647A (ko) | 2020-03-26 | 2020-03-26 | 하전 입자선 시스템 |
US17/795,278 US20230093287A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2020-03-26 | Charged particle beam system |
PCT/JP2020/013743 WO2021192164A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2020-03-26 | 荷電粒子線システム |
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Citations (4)
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JPS612251A (ja) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 荷電粒子ビ−ム装置 |
JPH10284384A (ja) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | 荷電粒子ビーム露光方法及び装置 |
JP2008288024A (ja) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 荷電粒子ビーム装置、その収差補正値算出装置、及びその収差補正プログラム |
WO2010082489A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 収差補正器を備えた荷電粒子線装置 |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JPS5492050A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1979-07-20 | Jeol Ltd | Method and apparatus for astigmatic correction of scanning electronic microscope and others |
JPS6070651A (ja) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 焦点合わせ方法およびその装置 |
JP3994691B2 (ja) | 2001-07-04 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 荷電粒子線装置および自動非点収差調整方法 |
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- 2020-03-26 US US17/795,278 patent/US20230093287A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-26 WO PCT/JP2020/013743 patent/WO2021192164A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-03-26 KR KR1020227025744A patent/KR20220120647A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS612251A (ja) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 荷電粒子ビ−ム装置 |
JPH10284384A (ja) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | 荷電粒子ビーム露光方法及び装置 |
JP2008288024A (ja) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 荷電粒子ビーム装置、その収差補正値算出装置、及びその収差補正プログラム |
WO2010082489A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 収差補正器を備えた荷電粒子線装置 |
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JPWO2021192164A1 (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
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