WO2021190130A1 - 一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法 - Google Patents

一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法 Download PDF

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WO2021190130A1
WO2021190130A1 PCT/CN2021/074368 CN2021074368W WO2021190130A1 WO 2021190130 A1 WO2021190130 A1 WO 2021190130A1 CN 2021074368 W CN2021074368 W CN 2021074368W WO 2021190130 A1 WO2021190130 A1 WO 2021190130A1
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line
rice
hybrid
restorer
sterile
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吴殿星
陈霄雨
章思妍
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浙江大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rice breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of Wucai two-line hybrid rice.
  • Colored rice refers to rice with brown rice color, mainly black, purple, red, yellow, green, etc. Colored rice is brown rice and contains seed coat, rice embryo and aleurone layer, so its protein, fat, amino acid, vitamin, mineral and trace elements content is significantly higher than that of white rice (polished rice) eaten daily, and it is rich in natural pigments And a variety of physiologically active substances.
  • Colored rice varieties are mainly conventional rice varieties, and a small amount of colored rice hybrid rice has passed the provincial certification.
  • Red rice such as Dianza 701, Jinnong 3 You 3, Jinyouhong, Gaoyouhong 88, Yuyouhong 9. II Excellent 132, Special Excellent Red 1256, black rice such as Heiyou No. 1.
  • Both the conventional and hybrid varieties of colored rice are colored rice with a single color.
  • the so-called colorful rice on the market is made of a mixture of various colored rice, due to the source type (indica rice and japonica rice) and the appearance (size) of the grains. Significantly different from the length), resulting in significantly different quality and taste, which is not conducive to cooking and deep processing applications.
  • the present invention proposes a breeding method of two-line hybrid rice with Wucai rice, which aims to provide a natural colorful rice, so that the nutrition of the rice is more complete and the quality is more uniform.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding Wucai two-line hybrid rice.
  • the two-line hybrid rice obtained by the breeding method not only has five-color brown rice, but also has the advantages of high yield, high quality and disease resistance. .
  • a method for breeding Wucaimi two-line hybrid rice which includes the following steps:
  • A) to C colored rice male parent is female restorer lines R, hybridization, the obtained backcross progeny with the parent to obtain BC m F '1 substituting, BC m F' after selfing generation, harvested 3 BC m F '2 generation seeds;
  • step e) M multicolored I) in step e) is obtained in Two Sterile S '6, respectively, and step C) of different colors to obtain multicolored m restorer R' 3 test for pair AC and the F 1 hybrid is obtained;
  • step II) selected CMS S '8 and restorer lines R' retest after 5 obtained in the hybrid F 1c brown color, yield, quality and resistance, and to select a five-brown color yield, good quality hybrid and high resistance F 1c corresponding to CMS S '9 and restorer R' 6, to obtain an excellent combination of new multicolored meters CMS hybrid rice S '9 and restorer R' 6;
  • the "S' 1 ⁇ S' 9 " involved in the above breeding methods are all sterile line plant populations obtained during the breeding process, and the number of plants is greater than 1; "R' 1 ⁇ R' 6 " are all obtained during the breeding process Plant population of restorer line, the number of plants are all >1; and "S'" and “R'” are both 1 sterile line plant and 1 restorer line plant obtained after the selection is completed.
  • colored rice B and colored rice C are any two of black rice rice, red rice rice and purple rice rice.
  • the variety of the colored rice B is Zhongze Thompsonhen; the variety of the colored rice C is Zhongze Hongzhen.
  • Zhongze Bankhen and Zhongze Hongzhen black rice and red rice varieties jointly cultivated by Zhejiang University and Zhongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd., have applied for the protection of new plant varieties to the Ministry of Agriculture (application number: 20150962.5), which can be purchased from China Ze Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the two-line sterile line S and the two-line restorer line R are conventional two-line hybrid rice combinations with high quality and high yield.
  • the two-line sterile line S is Zhejiang University 01S
  • the restorer line R is Zhefu silk seedlings
  • the two-line hybrid rice obtained by crossing the two-line sterile line S and the restorer line R is Zhejiang University Liangyou silk seedlings.
  • the Zhejiang University Liangyou Silk Miao is a new high-quality and high-yielding rice variety with Grade II rice quality selected by Zhejiang University, which can be obtained as a gift or purchased from Zhejiang University.
  • the restored line R Zhefu silk seedlings were selected and bred by Zhejiang University and can be obtained as a gift or purchased from Zhejiang University.
  • the overall evaluation of sterility, combining ability, yield, quality and resistance, etc. were selected to breed Wucaimi two-line hybrid rice S' ⁇ R', Wucaimi two-line sterile line S'and Wucai Rice two-line restorer line R', the specific requirements include: 1) S'and S have similar sterile characteristics, meet the two-line sterile line identification standards, have high outcrossing seed setting rate and multiplying seed yield; 2) R'and The recovery characteristics of R are similar, and the levels of combining ability, yield, quality and resistance are similar to those of R; 3) The yield, quality and resistance levels of S' ⁇ R' are similar to those of the target hybrid S ⁇ R.
  • step (a) the n is 3 to 5 times; in step (A), m is 3 to 5 times.
  • the characteristics of the sterile line are that the outcrossing seed setting rate is greater than or equal to 40%; the breeding and production yield is greater than or equal to 200 kg.
  • the high quality is that the quality of rice reaches the national third-level and above standards; in steps C) and III), the high yield is that the yield is ⁇ 500 kg/mu, and the high resistance It is high resistance to bacterial blight; in step II), the yield is ⁇ 500kg/mu, the rice quality reaches the national third-level or above standard, and the medium resistance to rice blast is used as the criterion for heterosis.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention uses colored rice and a conventional high-quality, high-yield two-line hybrid rice combination to cross to obtain the Wucaimi two-line sterile line and Wucaimi restorer line, and finally obtains the new Wucaimi two-line hybrid rice combination.
  • the two-line hybrid rice not only has five-color brown rice, but also has the advantages of high yield, high quality and disease resistance;
  • the method of the present invention provides a natural multicolored rice hybrid rice, which is significantly different from the conventional single-color colored rice varieties or hybrid varieties that are currently produced.
  • the current status of the product is more complete, and its quality is more uniform, which is conducive to cooking, eating and deep processing applications;
  • the present invention specifically selects the target two-line hybrid rice combination, and the selected Wucai rice hybrid rice has the characteristics of high quality, high yield and adaptability. While rice can be used concurrently, it has high zinc content and is resistant to low temperature and lodging in the later stage. Conducive to ensuring high quality, nutrition and high yield.
  • the breeding method provided in the following examples is a high-quality, high-yielding target two-line hybrid rice new combination Zhejiang University Liangyou silk seedlings (parents of Zhejiang University Liangyou silk seedlings: Zhejiang University 01S/Zhefu silk seedlings) based on colorful rice hybrid rice Of breeding methods.
  • the Zhejiang University Liangyou Silk Miao is a new high-quality and high-yielding rice variety with Grade II rice quality selected by Zhejiang University, which can be obtained as a gift or purchased from Zhejiang University.
  • the restorer line R Zhefu silk seedlings were selected and bred from Zhejiang University and can be obtained or purchased from Zhejiang University. They have the blood of Guangdong indica rice. They have good quality, good combining ability, high resistance to bacterial blight and medium resistance to rice blast.
  • Colored rice B Zhongze Bankhen and non-colored rice C Zhongze Hongzhen are black rice and red rice varieties jointly cultivated by Zhejiang University and Zhongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and have applied for the protection of new plant varieties to the Ministry of Agriculture (application number: 20150962.5 ), which can be purchased from Zhongze Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
  • a method for selecting and breeding Wucaimi two-line hybrid rice the specific steps are as follows:
  • a high-sterile line S '5 for indoor sterility identification selected from the left sterile line characteristics meet sterility (CMS line characteristics outcrossing rate ⁇ 40%; yield seed propagation ⁇ 200kg) colored rice sterile line S '6 + black, dark brown, white, etc. 5 (superscript color of rice grain in the rice sterile line that is obtained colored with a black, dark brown, white, etc.).
  • A) is colored red rice Jane male parent Nakazawa C, R Zhefu restorer lines as female Mew, hybridization, and female progeny obtained Zhefu Mew backcrossed four times to give BC 4 F '1 Generation, BC 4 F 'after selfing generation, harvested 3 BC 4 F' 2 generation seeds;
  • seed 161 is selected from colored planting, after harvesting progeny seed, progeny seed observe the color of brown rice, brown rice presented elected to stay isolated white colored characters Recovery Department of R '1 72 strains;
  • M multicolored I) in step e) is obtained in Two Sterile S '6 + black, dark brown, white, etc., respectively, and step C) of different colors to obtain multicolored m restorer R' 3 + red, reddish , White, etc. were tested in pairs to obtain hybrid F 1 generation;
  • hybrid F 1a Two Sterile colored rice and colored rice-based identification 105 pairs testcross recovery of F 1 hybrids obtained heterosis, heterosis has selected (at yield ⁇ 500kg / acre, rice quality of three or more countries standard, resistance to blast with a criterion heterosis) of the F 1 hybrids 45, referred to as a hybrid F 1a; hybrids F 1a and the corresponding parent colored rice two Sterile S '7 + black, dark brown, white and colored rice restorer lines R '4 + red, light red, white retest, until when the plants mature, to obtain hybrid F 1b; brown color was observed and the quality of hybrid F 1b choose a five-brown color and quality (quality of rice national standard three or more) corresponding to a hybrid F 1b CMS S '8 + black, dark brown, white, etc. restorer lines 3 and R' 5 + red, light red, white, etc. 7;
  • identifying step II) selected three sterile line S '8 + black, dark brown, white, etc. and seven restorer lines R' 5 + red, light red, white, etc. obtained retest F 1c
  • the color, yield, quality and resistance of brown rice are selected, and the hybrid F 1c with five colors of brown rice and high-yield (high yield is ⁇ 500kg/mu), high-quality (rice quality up to the national third-level and above standards) and high-resistance hybrid F 1c CMS S '9 + black, dark brown, white, etc. restorers 2 with R' 6 + red, light red, white, etc. 4, to obtain an excellent combination of new hybrid rice multicolored meters;
  • Wumei two-line hybrid rice X + black, dark brown, red, light red, white, etc. namely: S' + black, dark brown, white, etc. ⁇ R' + red, light red, white, etc. , Zhejiang University 01S + Black, dark brown, white, etc. ⁇ Zhefu silk seedlings + red, light red, white, etc .
  • Wumei rice two-line sterile line S' + black, dark brown, white, etc. namely: Zhejiang University 01S + black, dark brown, white And so on ;
  • Wucai rice restoration system R' + red, light red, white, etc. namely: Zhefusi seedlings + red, light red, white, etc.
  • the zinc content and stress tolerance Compared with the original parents and hybrid rice varieties, Zheda 01S + black rice, dark brown, white, etc. ⁇ Zhefusi seedlings + red rice, light red, white, etc. , the zinc content and stress tolerance
  • the advantage of the super-parental and combination is that the zinc content is higher than that of all varieties.
  • Zinc is the most important micronutrient, which is very important for the intellectual development of infants and children and for enhancing the body's immune system.
  • the high zinc content indicates that the selected varieties of the present invention have more significant health care effects.
  • the low temperature resistance in the later stage is beneficial to the resistance to lodging in the production, is beneficial to the late harvest, and better guarantees the full grouting of the production, which plays an important role in ensuring high quality and high yield.

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Abstract

提供了一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，包括：以有色稻B为父本，两系不育系S为母本进行杂交和回交，并进行五彩米两系不育系的选育；以有色稻C为父本，恢复系R为母本，进行杂交和回交，并选育五彩米恢复系；再通过杂种优势的筛选、稻米品质、产量和抗性的筛选，获得五彩米杂交品种新组合，构建了五彩米两系杂交体系。

Description

一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法
本申请要求于2020年03月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010206287.9、发明名称为“一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于水稻育种技术领域，尤其涉及一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法。
背景技术
有色稻米是指糙米具有色泽的稻米，主要有黑、紫、红、黄、绿色等。有色稻米因食用的是糙米，因包含种皮、米胚和糊粉层，所以其蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、维生素、矿物微量元素含量显著高于日常食用的白米(精米)，并富含天然色素和多种生理活性物质。
当前人们生活方式显著不同，膳食结构发生了巨变，“三高”、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和癌症等各种慢性疾病逐年频发，吃好、吃饱、吃出健康成为一种时尚的健康追求。有色稻米因营养更齐全，并含有可以预防各种慢性疾病发生的生理活性物质，成为众多消费者的健康选择。
中国有色稻种质资源丰富，尤其是云南、贵州、四川、湖北、湖北、广西、江苏等地。有色稻品种主要以常规水稻品种为主，也有少量的有色米杂交稻通过省级的审定，红米如滇杂701、金农3优3号、金优红、高优红88、渝优红9、Ⅱ优132、特优红1256，黑米如黑优1号。无论是有色稻的常规品种还是杂交品种，都是单种颜色的有色米，市场上所谓的五彩米均是由各种有色米混合而成，因来源类型(籼稻与粳稻)与籽粒外观(大小与长短)的显著不同，造成品质与口感明显不同，不利于蒸煮食用及深加工应用。
发明内容
为此，本发明提出一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，旨在提供一 种天然五彩米，使稻米的营养更齐全，品质更均一。
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，该选育方法获得的两系杂交水稻不仅具有五彩色的糙米，而且具有高产、优质、抗病的优点。
为了实现本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)五彩米两系不育系的选育：
a)以有色稻B为父本，两系不育系S为母本进行杂交，获得的子代与母本进行回交，得到BC nF 1代，BC nF 1代自交后，收获2株BC nF 2代的种子；
b)观察BC nF 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的种子进行种植，选留其中雄性不育的植株S' 1，对雄性不育的植株S' 1进行割桩再生，收获育性转为可育的不育系S' 2，观察不育系S' 2种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的不育系S' 3单株；
c)观察不育系S' 3单株的育性，并选择纯合稳定的不育系S' 4，混收不育系S' 4；
d)考察不育系S' 4的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的不育系，测定不育系的糙米品质，选糙米呈现有色与白色分离性状的优质不育系S' 5；
e)对优质不育系S' 5进行室内外育性鉴定，选留不育性符合不育系特性的五彩米不育系S' 6；
(2)五彩米恢复系的选育：
A)以有色稻C为父本，恢复系R为母本，进行杂交，获得的子代与母本进行回交，得到BC mF' 1代，BC mF' 1代自交后，收获3株BC mF' 2代的种子；
B)观察BC mF' 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的种子进行种植，收获子代种子后，观察子代种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的恢复系R' 1；
C)考察恢复系R' 1的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的恢复系R' 2，对恢复系R' 2进行产量、稻米品质及病害抗性的评价，选择糙米 呈现有色与白色性状分离的优质、高产的五彩米恢复系R' 3；
(3)五彩米杂交品种新组合的获得：
I)将步骤e)中获得的五彩米两系不育系S' 6，分别与步骤C)获得的不同色彩的五彩米恢复系R' 3进行成对测交，获得杂种F 1代；
II)鉴定五彩米两系不育系和五彩米恢复系测交后获得的杂种F 1代的杂种优势，选择具有杂种优势的杂种F 1代，记为杂种F 1a；并将杂种F 1a所对应的亲本五彩米两系不育系S' 7和五彩米恢复系R' 4进行复测，待植株成熟时，获得杂种F 1b；观察杂种F 1b的糙米颜色和品质，选择具有五彩色糙米且优质的杂种F 1b所对应的不育系S' 8与恢复系R' 5；
III)鉴定步骤II)选出的不育系S' 8和恢复系R' 5复测后获得的杂种F 1c的糙米颜色、产量、品质和抗性，选出具有五彩色糙米且高产、优质和高抗的杂种F 1c所对应的不育系S' 9和恢复系R' 6，获得优良的五彩米杂交水稻新组合不育系S' 9和恢复系R' 6；
(4)繁制种生产：将步骤III)获得的不育系S' 9分别与恢复系R' 6繁制种，终选繁制种产量高的1个五彩米不育系S'与1个五彩米恢复系R'；
(5)建立五彩米两系杂交稻S'×R'、五彩米两系不育系S'和五彩米两系恢复系R'构成的五彩米两系杂交体系。
上述选育方法中涉及的“S' 1～S' 9”均为选育过程中获得不育系植株群体，植株数量＞1；“R' 1～R' 6”均为选育过程中获得恢复系植株群体，植株数量均＞1；而“S'”和“R'”均为选育完成后获得的1个不育系植株和1个恢复系植株。
进一步地，所述有色稻B和有色稻C为黑米水稻、红米水稻和紫米水稻中的任意两种。
进一步地，所述有色稻B的品种为中泽黑珍；所述有色稻C的品种为中泽红珍。
中泽黑珍和中泽红珍，是浙江大学与中泽生物科技有限公司联合培育的黑米与红米品种，已向农业部申请植物新品种保护(申请号：20150962.5)，可购于中泽生物科技有限公司。
进一步地，所述两系不育系S和两系恢复系R为常规优质、高产的两系杂交稻组合。
进一步地，所述两系不育系S为浙大01S；所述恢复系R为浙辐丝苗；两系不育系S和恢复系R杂交获得的两系杂交水稻为浙大两优丝苗。
其中，浙大两优丝苗，是浙江大学选育米质二级的优质高产水稻新品种，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到。
不育系浙大01S，为浙江大学选育，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到。
恢复系R浙辐丝苗，为浙江大学选育，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到。
按照水稻育种技术和流程，对不育性、配合力、产量、品质与抗性等总体评价，选育五彩米两系杂交稻S'×R'、五彩米两系不育系S'和五彩米两系恢复系R'，具体要求包括：l)S'与S的不育特性类似，符合两系不育系鉴定标准，具有高异交结实率和繁制种产量；2)R'与R的恢复特性类似，配合力、产量、品质和抗性等水平与R相仿；3)S'×R'的产量、品质和抗性等水平与目标杂交品种S×R相仿。
进一步地，步骤(a)中，所述n为3～5次；步骤(A)中，m为3～5次。
进一步地，步骤(e)中，所述不育系特性为异交结实率≥40％；繁制种产量≥200kg。
进一步地，步骤C)、II)和III)中，所述优质为稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准；步骤C)和III)中，所述高产为产量≥500kg/亩，所述高抗为高抗白叶枯病；步骤II)中，以产量≥500kg/亩，稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准，中抗稻瘟病作为具有杂种优势的评判标准。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用有色稻与常规优质、高产的两系杂交稻组合进行杂交分别获得五彩米两系不育系和五彩米恢复系，最终获得五彩米两系杂交水稻新组合，该五彩米两系杂交稻不仅具有五彩色的糙米，而且具有高产、优质、抗病的优点；
(2)本发明方法提供了一种天然的五彩米杂交稻，显著不同于目前生产的单种颜色的有色稻常规品种或杂交品种，改变了市场上所谓的五彩米均由各种有色米混合而成的现状；其营养更齐全，品质更均一，有利于蒸煮食用及深加工应用；
(3)本发明针对性选择了目标两系杂交水稻组合，选育的五彩米杂交水稻具有优质、高产及适应性的特点，在稻米可兼用的同时，锌含量高及后期耐低温抗倒伏，有利于保障优质、营养与高产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，以下列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围不仅限于此。
下列实施例中提供的育种方法是以优质、高产的目标两系杂交水稻新组合浙大两优丝苗(浙大两优丝苗的亲本：浙大01S/浙辐丝苗)为基础的五彩米杂交水稻的选育方法。
其中，浙大两优丝苗，是浙江大学选育米质二级的优质高产水稻新品种，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到。
不育系浙大01S，为浙江大学选育，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到，由我国两系骨干恢复系直接突变选育而成，品质优，配合力好，中抗稻瘟病，抗白叶枯病。
恢复系R浙辐丝苗，为浙江大学选育，可从浙江大学惠赠得到或购买得到，具有广东一季籼稻的血缘，品质优，配合力好，高抗白叶枯病，中抗稻瘟病。
有色稻B中泽黑珍和有色稻C中泽红珍，是浙江大学与中泽生物科技有限公司联合培育的黑米与红米品种，已向农业部申请植物新品种保护(申请号：20150962.5)，可购于中泽生物科技有限公司。
实施例1
一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)五彩米两系不育系的选育：
a)以有色稻B中泽黑珍为父本，两系不育系S浙大01S为母本，进行杂交，获得的子代与母本浙大01S回交4次，得到BC 4F 1代，BC 4F 1代自交后，收获2株BC 4F 2代的种子；
b)观察782粒BC 4F 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的151粒种子进行种植，选留其中雄性不育的植株S' 135株，对雄性不育的植株S' 1进行割桩再生，收获育性转为可育的不育系S' 2，观察不育系S' 2种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的不育系S' 3单株16株；
c)观察不育系S' 3单株的育性，并选择纯合稳定的不育系S' 4，混收不育系S' 412株；
d)考察不育系S' 4的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的9个不育系，测定不育系的糙米品质，选糙米呈现有色与白色分离性状的优质不育系S' 58个；
e)对优质不育系S' 5进行室内外育性鉴定，选留不育性符合不育系特性(不育系特性为异交结实率≥40％；繁制种产量≥200kg)的有色稻不育系S' 6+黑色、黑褐色、白色等5个(上角标为稻米颜色，即获得的有色稻不育系上的籽粒带有黑色、黑褐色、白色等)。
(2)五彩米恢复系的选育：
A)以有色稻C中泽红珍为父本，恢复系R浙辐丝苗为母本，进行杂交，获得的子代与母本浙辐丝苗回交4次，得到BC 4F' 1代，BC 4F' 1代自交后，收获3株BC 4F' 2代的种子；
B)观察851粒BC 4F' 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的161粒种子进行种植，收获子代种子后，观察子代种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的恢复系R' 172株；
C)考察恢复系R' 1的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的42株恢复系R' 2，对恢复系R' 2进行产量、稻米品质及病害抗性的评价，选择糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的优质(稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准)、高产(高产为产量≥500kg/亩)和高抗(高抗为高抗白叶枯病)的恢复系R' 3 +红色、浅红色、白色等21株(上角标为稻米颜色，即获得的有色稻恢复系上的籽粒带有红色、浅红色、白色)。
(3)五彩米杂交品种新组合的获得：
I)将步骤e)中获得的五彩米两系不育系S' 6 +黑色、黑褐色、白色等，分别与步骤C)获得的不同色彩的五彩米恢复系R' 3 +红色、浅红色、白色等进行成对测交，获得杂种F 1代；
II)鉴定105对有色稻两系不育系和有色稻恢复系测交后获得的杂种F 1代的杂种优势，选择具有杂种优势(以产量≥500kg/亩，稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准，中抗稻瘟病作为具有杂种优势的评判标准)的45个杂种F 1代，记为杂种F 1a；并将杂种F 1a所对应的亲本有色稻两系不育系S' 7 +黑色、 黑褐色、白色等和有色稻恢复系R' 4 +红色、浅红色、白色等进行复测，待植株成熟时，获得杂种F 1b；观察杂种F 1b的糙米颜色和品质，选择具有五彩色糙米且优质(稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准)的杂种F 1b所对应的不育系S' 8 +黑色、黑褐色、白色 等3个与恢复系R' 5 +红色、浅红色、白色等7个；
III)鉴定步骤II)选出的3个不育系S' 8 +黑色、黑褐色、白色等和7个恢复系R' 5 +红 色、浅红色、白色等复测后获得的杂种F 1c的糙米颜色、产量、品质和抗性，选出具有五彩色糙米且高产(高产为产量≥500kg/亩)、优质(稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准)和高抗的杂种F 1c所对应的不育系S' 9 +黑色、黑褐色、白色等2个与恢复系R' 6 +红色、浅红色、白色等4个，获得优良的五彩米杂交水稻新组合；
(4)繁制种生产：将步骤III)获得的2个不育系S' 9 +黑色、黑褐色、白色等分别与4个恢复系R' 6 +红色、浅红色、白色等繁制种，终选繁制种产量高的1个五彩米不育系S' +黑色、黑褐色、白色等和1个恢复系R' +红色、浅红色、白色等，即：五彩米两系不育系S' +黑色、黑褐色、白色等和五彩米恢复系R' +红色、浅红、白色等。
(5)建立五彩米两系杂交稻X +黑色、黑褐色、红色、浅红色、白色等、五彩米两系不育系S' +黑色、黑褐色、白色等和五彩米恢复系R' +红色、浅红色、白色等构成的五彩米两系杂交体系；
其中，五彩米两系杂交稻X +黑色、黑褐色、红色、浅红色、白色等，即：S' +黑色、黑褐色、白色 等×R' +红色、浅红色、白色等，浙大01S +黑色、黑褐色、白色等×浙辐丝苗 +红色、浅红、白色等；五彩米两系不育系S' +黑色、黑褐色、白色等，即：浙大01S +黑色、黑褐色、白色等；五彩米恢复系R' +红色、浅红色、白色等，即：浙辐丝苗 +红色、浅红、白色等。
经品比试验，表明选育的五彩米两系杂交水稻，其群体产量、品质和抗性水平同浙大两优丝苗相当，比中泽黑珍和中泽红珍的产量显著提高，抗性显著提升，品质相仿，品质、抗性与产量显著优于杂交组合浙大01S×中泽黑珍优、浙大01S×中泽红珍。
与原来的亲本及配制的杂交稻品种相比，浙大01S +黑米、黑褐色、白色等×浙辐丝苗 +红米、浅红、白色等的锌的含量和耐逆性上，凸显出超亲本及组合的优势，即锌含量比所有的品种都要高，相应可能是锌含量积累高的后期耐低温性能更优。
锌是最重要微营养，对婴幼儿童智力发育和增强人体的免疫机非常重要。锌含量高，说明本发明选育的品种具有更显著的保健功效。同时，后 期耐低温，则有利于生产上抗倒伏，有利于耐迟收获，更好保证生产的灌浆饱满，对优质高产起重要的保障作用。
各个品种糙米颜色、产量、品质和抗性的具体比较见表1。
表1浙大两优丝苗目标改良五彩两系杂交稻品种的指标性状比较
Figure PCTCN2021074368-appb-000001
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实例。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)五彩米两系不育系的选育：
    a)以有色稻B为父本，两系不育系S为母本进行杂交，获得的子代与母本进行回交，得到BC nF 1代，BC nF 1代自交后，收获BC nF 2代的种子；
    b)观察BC nF 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的种子进行种植，选留其中雄性不育的植株S' 1，对雄性不育的植株S' 1进行割桩再生，收获育性转为可育的不育系S' 2，观察不育系S' 2种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的不育系S' 3单株；
    c)观察不育系S' 3单株的育性，并选择纯合稳定的不育系S' 4，混收不育系S' 4；
    d)考察不育系S' 4的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的不育系，测定不育系的糙米品质，选糙米呈现有色与白色分离性状的优质不育系S' 5；
    e)对优质不育系S' 5进行室内外育性鉴定，选留不育性符合不育系特性的五彩米不育系S' 6；
    (2)五彩米恢复系的选育：
    A)以有色稻C为父本，恢复系R为母本，进行杂交，获得的子代与母本进行回交，得到BC mF' 1代，BC mF' 1代自交后，收获BC mF' 2代的种子；
    B)观察BC mF' 2代种子的糙米外观，选有色的种子进行种植，收获子代种子后，观察子代种子糙米的颜色，选留糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的恢复系R' 1；
    C)考察恢复系R' 1的农艺性状，选择其中株高和生育期均一致的恢复系R' 2，对恢复系R' 2进行产量、稻米品质及病害抗性的评价，选择糙米呈现有色与白色性状分离的优质、高产和高抗的五彩米恢复系R' 3；
    (3)五彩米杂交品种新组合的获得：
    I)将步骤e)中获得的五彩米两系不育系S' 6，分别与步骤C)获得的不同色彩的五彩米恢复系R' 3进行成对测交，获得杂种F 1代；
    II)鉴定五彩米两系不育系和五彩米恢复系测交后获得的杂种F 1代的 杂种优势，选择具有杂种优势的杂种F 1代，记为杂种F 1a；并将杂种F 1a所对应的亲本五彩米两系不育系S' 7和五彩米恢复系R' 4进行复测，待植株成熟时，获得杂种F 1b；观察杂种F 1b的糙米颜色和品质，选择具有五彩色糙米且优质的杂种F 1b所对应的不育系S' 8与恢复系R' 5；
    III)鉴定步骤II)选出的不育系S' 8和恢复系R' 5复测后获得的杂种F 1c的糙米颜色、产量、品质和抗性，选出具有五彩色糙米且高产、优质和高抗的杂种F 1c所对应的不育系S' 9和恢复系R' 6，获得优良的五彩米杂交水稻新组合不育系S' 9和恢复系R' 6；
    (4)繁制种生产：将步骤III)获得的不育系S' 9分别与恢复系R' 6繁制种，终选繁制种产量高的1个五彩米不育系S'与1个五彩米恢复系R'。
    (5)建立五彩米两系杂交稻S'×R'、五彩米两系不育系S'和五彩米两系恢复系R'构成的五彩米两系杂交体系。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，所述有色稻B和有色稻C为黑米水稻、红米水稻和紫米水稻中的任意两种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，所述有色稻B的品种为中泽黑珍；所述有色稻C的品种为中泽红珍。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，所述两系不育系S和两系恢复系R为常规优质、高产的两系杂交稻组合。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，所述两系不育系S为浙大01S；所述恢复系R为浙辐丝苗；两系不育系S和恢复系R杂交获得的两系杂交水稻为浙大两优丝苗。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，步骤a)中，所述n为3～5次；步骤A)中，m为3～5次。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，步骤e)中，所述不育系特性为异交结实率≥40％；繁制种产量≥200kg。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的五彩米两系杂交水稻的选育方法，其特征在于，步骤C)、II)和III)中，所述优质为稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准；步骤C)和III)中，所述高产为产量≥500kg/亩，所述高抗为高抗白叶枯病；步骤II)中，以产量≥500kg/亩，稻米品质达国家三级及以上标准，中抗稻瘟病 作为具有杂种优势的评判标准。
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