WO2021185032A1 - 一种腿足式机器人的腿机构及腿足式机器人 - Google Patents

一种腿足式机器人的腿机构及腿足式机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021185032A1
WO2021185032A1 PCT/CN2021/077578 CN2021077578W WO2021185032A1 WO 2021185032 A1 WO2021185032 A1 WO 2021185032A1 CN 2021077578 W CN2021077578 W CN 2021077578W WO 2021185032 A1 WO2021185032 A1 WO 2021185032A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leg
motor
sun gear
housing
leg mechanism
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PCT/CN2021/077578
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵逸栋
张学垠
陈申红
李超
朱秋国
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杭州云深处科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021185032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021185032A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
    • B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
    • B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of legged robots, in particular to a leg mechanism of a legged robot and a legged robot.
  • leg-footed robots instead of humans to perform tasks such as security patrols in dangerous areas and rescue in disaster areas can effectively reduce casualties. These harsh environments are often accompanied by rugged terrain, which places higher requirements on the off-road capabilities of legged robots.
  • the leg-footed robot has the characteristics of strong adaptability to terrain and discrete motion trajectory, which is especially suitable for moving on terrain such as jungles, mountains and steps.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot and a leg-footed robot to solve the problem of limited heat dissipation of the motor in the motion of the quadruped robot in the related art, easy to bump, and cause damage to electronic components such as the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot, which includes a thigh and a lower leg that are articulated with each other.
  • a motor housing and a planetary reduction mechanism are mounted on the upper end of the thigh.
  • a motor stator and a motor rotor mounted coaxially with the motor stator are installed on the inside of the housing.
  • the motor rotor is fixedly connected to the sun gear shaft of the planetary reduction mechanism, and the planetary gear output carrier of the planetary reduction mechanism and the lower leg Connected by tie rods.
  • a motor heat sink is designed on the outer side of the motor housing, and the motor stator is installed on the inner side of the motor housing where the motor heat sink is provided.
  • the planetary reduction mechanism includes a sun gear, a sun gear shaft, a planetary gear, an inner ring gear, a planetary gear shaft, and a planetary gear output carrier, the reducer housing is fixed on the upper end of the thigh, and the sun gear is mounted on the sun.
  • the sun gear, the planetary gear and the inner ring gear are meshed in sequence, the inner gear ring is fixed in the reducer housing, and the planetary gear is hinged on the planetary gear output carrier through the planetary gear shaft.
  • one end of the sun gear shaft is hinged with the motor housing through a bearing
  • the other end of the sun gear shaft is hinged with the reducer housing through a bearing
  • the motor rotor is fixedly connected with the sun gear shaft.
  • a swing arm extends radially from the planetary gear output carrier, and the upper end of the pull rod is hinged on the swing arm of the planetary gear output carrier.
  • an encoder for monitoring the rotation speed of the motor rotor is installed on the housing of the reducer.
  • a cushion pad is installed on the outer side of the housing of the encoder and reducer.
  • the axis of the sun gear shaft of the planetary reduction mechanism, the hinge axis of the upper end of the tie rod, the hinge axis of the lower end of the tie rod, and the hinge axis of the thigh and calf are connected in sequence to form a parallelogram.
  • a limit part for limiting the range of movement of the lower leg is installed on the thigh.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a leg-footed robot including a leg mechanism, and the leg mechanism is the leg mechanism described in the first aspect.
  • the motor stator and motor rotor are installed inside the motor housing, which can alleviate the impact on the motor when the leg-footed robot falls; because the legs are installed on the outside of the motor and the planetary reduction mechanism, the legs
  • the body of the legged robot is left as spacious as possible. Under the condition that the overall width of the legged robot is certain, the space of the legged robot is given as much space as possible to accommodate more related components.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a leg mechanism of a legged robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view of a leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the knee joint limit contraction of the leg mechanism of a leg-foot robot provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the knee joint limit extension of the leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a four-legged legged robot composed of a leg mechanism of a four-legged legged robot provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • motor housing 1 motor heat sink 101, motor stator 2, motor rotor 3, reducer sun gear shaft 4, planetary gear 5, inner gear ring 6, planetary gear shaft 7, reducer housing 8, planetary gear output carrier 9, Tie rod upper axis 10, tie rod 11, encoder 12, cushion 13, knee joint limit axis 14, thigh 15, tie rod bottom axis 16, knee joint shaft 17, calf 18, knee contraction limit zone 1801, knee extension limit Bit area 1802.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot, which is used to realize a motor-controlled bionic rotary knee joint motion function, including a thigh 15 and a lower leg 18 that are articulated with each other.
  • a motor housing 1 and a planetary reduction mechanism are installed on the upper end of the thigh 15.
  • a motor stator 2 and a motor rotor 3 mounted coaxially with the motor stator 2 are mounted on the inside of the motor housing 1.
  • the sun gear shaft 4 of the deceleration mechanism is fixedly connected, and the planet gear output carrier 9 of the planetary deceleration mechanism is connected to the lower leg 18 through a tie rod 11.
  • the leg mechanism of a leg-footed robot of the present invention has simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly, and low cost.
  • the motor stator and motor rotor are installed inside the motor housing, which can relieve the leg-footed robot from falling.
  • a motor heat sink 101 is designed on the outside of the motor housing 1, and the motor stator 2 is installed on the inner side of the motor housing 1 where the motor heat sink 101 is provided.
  • the motor heat sink 101 does not need to be blocked by the cushion, which improves the heat dissipation capacity of the motor and indirectly improves the performance of the leg-footed robot.
  • the planetary reduction mechanism includes a sun gear, a sun gear shaft 4, a planet gear 5, an inner ring gear 6, a planet gear shaft 7, a planet gear output carrier 9, and the reducer housing 8
  • the motor housing 1 Fixed on the upper end of the thigh 15, the motor housing 1 is fixedly connected to the reducer housing 8, the sun gear is mounted on the sun gear shaft 4, the sun gear, the planetary gear 5 and the ring gear 6 mesh in sequence, the The ring gear 6 is fixed in the reducer housing 8.
  • the planetary gear output carrier 9 and the sun gear shaft 4 concentric.
  • the planetary gear reducer has the characteristics of compact structure, small size, light weight, large transmission ratio, good coaxiality and high transmission efficiency. It can generally reach a reduction ratio of 4 to 10, and has good response to torque impact and can withstand large
  • the load is suitable to be arranged inside the joints of leg-foot robots with tight space.
  • sun gear shaft 4 is hinged with the motor housing 1 through a bearing
  • the other end of the sun gear shaft 4 is hinged with the reducer housing 8 through a bearing
  • the motor rotor 3 and the sun gear shaft 4 are fixedly connected.
  • the sun gear in this embodiment can be directly processed on the sun gear shaft 4, and the rotation shaft of the sun gear shaft 4 and the motor rotor 3 can be one shaft. Machining the sun gear on the sun gear shaft helps reduce the number of parts of the robot, and eliminates the problem of gaps in the transmission caused by processing or installation errors, which reduces the precision of the robot's legs and feet.
  • the planetary gear output frame 9 extends radially with a swing arm, the upper end of the pull rod 11 is hinged on the swing arm of the planet gear output frame 9 through the upper shaft 10 of the pull rod, and the lower end of the pull rod 11 is hinged on the swing arm of the planet output stand 9 through the lower shaft 16 of the pull rod.
  • This layout reduces the robot's calf 18 and The moment of inertia of the thigh 15 and avoids the damage of the motor housing 2 caused by the collision of the knee joint shaft 17 during strenuous exercise; because the tie rod 11 has a certain degree of ductility and toughness, it can absorb a part of the energy when the calf 18 is subjected to a severe impact to protect This improves the safety of the reducer and motor.
  • One end of the thigh 15 is fixedly connected to the reducer housing 8, and the other end of the thigh 15 is hinged with the calf 18 through the knee joint shaft 17; the reducer sun gear axis 4 axis, the tie rod upper axis 10 axis, the knee joint axis 17 axis and the tie rod
  • the line between the axis of the lower shaft 16 forms a parallelogram.
  • the parallelogram mechanism ensures that the rotation angle of the calf 18 relative to the thigh 15 is always the same as the rotation angle of the planetary gear output frame 9, which theoretically guarantees the accuracy of the robot's leg movement.
  • an encoder 12 for monitoring the rotation speed of the motor rotor 3 is installed on the reducer housing 8. Since the reduction ratio of the planetary reducer is a fixed value, the rotation speed of the motor rotor 3 is monitored by the encoder 12, and the angle of the planetary gear output frame 9 relative to the reducer housing 8 can be calculated by dividing by the reduction ratio; then through the connecting rod 11, etc. Proportional transmission can be equivalent to the angle of the lower leg 18 relative to the thigh 15 to control the balance performance and accurate feedback during the robot movement.
  • a cushion 13 is installed on the outside of the encoder 12 and the reducer housing 8.
  • the cushion 13 is made of flexible materials such as rubber to protect the leg mechanism of the leg-footed robot from impact damage .
  • the thigh 15 is equipped with a limit part for limiting the range of movement of the lower leg 18.
  • the limit part may be a knee joint limit shaft 14 or a thigh 15 is designed to limit the lower leg. 18 special protruding parts for activities, etc.
  • the knee joint limiting shaft 14 is installed in the vicinity of the thigh 15 close to the knee joint rotating shaft 17, and is used to limit the movement range of the lower leg 18 around the knee joint rotating shaft 17.
  • the motor rotor 3 drives the pull rod 11 to move in a direction close to the knee joint shaft 17 through the revolution of the planetary wheel 5. Therefore, the lower leg 18 is driven by the pull rod 11 in the perspective of FIG. clockwise rotation.
  • the knee joint limiting shaft 14 is in contact with the knee contraction limiting area 1801, the knee joint limiting shaft 14 prevents further contraction of the calf 18.
  • the motor rotor 3 drives the pull rod 11 to move away from the knee joint shaft 17 through the revolution of the planetary gear 5, so the lower leg 18 is driven by the pull rod 11 in the perspective of FIG. Anticlockwise rotation.
  • the knee joint limiting shaft 14 is in contact with the knee extension limiting area 1802, the knee joint limiting shaft 14 prevents further extension of the calf 18.
  • the leg mechanism of the leg-footed robot of the present invention has simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly, and low cost.
  • the motor is installed on the inner side of the leg mechanism, which can alleviate the impact on the motor caused by the leg-footed robot when it falls, and the motor dissipates heat.
  • the film does not need to be blocked by the cushion, which improves the heat dissipation capacity of the motor and indirectly improves the performance of the leg-footed robot.
  • the legs since the legs are installed on the outside of the motor and the reducer, they leave the body of the leg-footed robot.
  • the space is as spacious as possible, and under the condition that the overall width of the legged robot is certain, the space of the legged robot is given as much space as possible to accommodate more related components.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a leg-footed robot, including a leg mechanism, and the leg mechanism is the aforementioned leg mechanism.
  • a leg mechanism has the advantages of light weight, easy assembly, and precise transmission. Because of its own heat sink and rubber pad, it can provide special protection to the motor driving the leg movement; the use of tie rod transmission to drive the knee joint movement can be Reduce the moment of inertia of the legs, thereby reducing the load on the motor end; because the thighs are arranged at the outermost end of the leg joints, the width of the body can be maximized to accommodate more equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，该腿机构包括相互铰接的大腿（15）和小腿（18），大腿（15）的上端安装有电机外壳（1）和行星减速机构，电机外壳（1）内侧安装有电机定子（2）和与电机定子（2）同轴心安装的电机转子（3），电机转子（3）与行星减速机构的太阳轮轴（4）固联，行星减速机构的行星轮输出架（9）与小腿（18）通过拉杆（11）相连。还公开了一种腿足式机器人。此腿足式机器人的腿机构，结构简单，拆装方便，成本低廉。

Description

一种腿足式机器人的腿机构及腿足式机器人 技术领域
本发明涉及腿足式机器人领域，尤其涉及一种腿足式机器人的腿机构及腿足式机器人。
背景技术
随着经济的增长以及人口红利的消失，社会治安成本逐年升高。使用腿足式机器人替代人来从事一些危险区域的安防巡逻、灾区救援等任务能够有效降低人员的伤亡。这些恶劣的环境往往伴随着崎岖的地形，对腿足式机器人的越野能力提出了较高的要求。腿足式机器人具有对地形适应性强、运动轨迹离散的特点，特别适合在丛林山地、台阶等地形上运动。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构及腿足式机器人，以解决相关技术中存在的四足机器人运动中电机散热能力有限、容易磕碰，进而对电机等电子部件造成损害的问题，以及四足机器人身体空间较为狭小导致身体容量受限的问题。
为了达到上述目的，第一方面，本发明的实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，包括相互铰接的大腿和小腿，所述大腿的上端安装有电机外壳和行星减速机构，所述电机外壳内侧安装有电机定子和与所述电机定子同轴心安装的电机转子，所述电机转子与所述行星减速机构的太阳轮轴固联，所述行星减速机构的行星轮输出架与所述小腿通过拉杆相连。
进一步地，所述电机外壳外侧设计有电机散热片，所述电机定子安装在电机外壳具有电机散热片处的内侧。
进一步地，所述行星减速机构包括太阳轮、太阳轮轴、行星轮、内齿圈、行星轮轴、行星轮输出架，所述减速器外壳固定在所述大腿的上端，所述太阳轮安装在太阳轮轴上，所述太阳轮、行星轮和内齿圈依次相啮合，所述内齿圈固定在减速器外壳内，所述行星轮通过行星轮轴铰接在所述行星轮输出架上。
进一步地，所述太阳轮轴一端与电机外壳通过轴承铰接，太阳轮轴另一端与减速器外壳通过轴承铰接，电机转子与太阳轮轴固联。
进一步地，所述行星轮输出架径向伸出一个摆臂，拉杆的上端铰接在行星轮输出架的摆臂上。
进一步地，所述减速器外壳上安装有用于监测电机转子转速的编码器。
进一步地，所述编码器和减速器外壳的外侧安装有缓冲垫。
进一步地，所述行星减速机构的太阳轮轴的轴心、拉杆的上端铰接轴心、拉杆的下端铰接轴心以及大腿和小腿的铰接轴心依次连线形成一个平行四边形。
进一步地，所述大腿上安装有用于限制小腿活动范围的限位部。
第二方面，本发明的实施例还提供一种腿足式机器人，包括腿机构，所述腿机构为第一方面所述的腿机构。
根据本发明上述实施例，将电机定子和电机转子安装在电机外壳的内侧，能够缓解腿足式机器人摔倒时对电机造成的冲击；由于腿部安装在电机与行星减速机构的外侧，给腿足式机器人的身体留出了尽量宽敞的空间，在腿足式机器人整体宽度一定的条件下，提空给腿足式机器人的身体以尽可能大的空间，以容纳更多的相关元件。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构的立体图；
图2是本发明实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构的轴向剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构的径向剖视图；
图4是本发明实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构的膝关节极限收缩示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构的膝关节极限伸长示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供采用四条腿足式机器人的腿机构组成的四足腿足式机器人俯视简图；
图中：电机外壳1、电机散热片101、电机定子2、电机转子3、减速器太阳轮轴4、行星轮5、内齿圈6、行星轮轴7、减速器外壳8、行星轮输出架9、拉杆上轴10、拉杆11、编码器12、缓冲垫13、膝关节限位轴14、大腿15、拉杆下轴16、膝关节转轴17、小腿18、膝收缩限位区1801、膝伸长限位区1802。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有的实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附中权利要求 书中所详述的，本发明的一些方面相一致的装置的例子。本说明书的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
如图1-2所示，本发明的实施例提供一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，用于实现电机控制的仿生旋转式膝关节运动功能，包括相互铰接的大腿15和小腿18，所述大腿15的上端安装有电机外壳1和行星减速机构，所述电机外壳1内侧安装有电机定子2和与所述电机定子2同轴心安装的电机转子3，所述电机转子3与所述行星减速机构的太阳轮轴4固联，所述行星减速机构的行星轮输出架9与所述小腿18通过拉杆11相连。
根据本发明上述实施例，本发明的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，结构简单，拆装方便，成本低廉，将电机定子和电机转子安装在电机外壳的内侧，能够缓解腿足式机器人摔倒时对电机造成的冲击；由于腿部安装在电机与行星减速机构的外侧，给腿足式机器人的身体留出了尽量宽敞的空间，在腿足式机器人整体宽度一定的条件下，提空给腿足式机器人的身体以尽可能大的空间，以容纳更多的相关元件。
在本实施例中，所述电机外壳1外侧设计有电机散热片101，所述电机定子2安装在电机外壳1具有电机散热片101处的内侧。电机散热片101不必被缓冲垫遮挡，提升了电机的散热能力，间接提升腿足式机器人的性能。
在本实施例中，如图3所示，所述行星减速机构包括太阳轮、太阳轮轴4、行星轮5、内齿圈6、行星轮轴7、行星轮输出架9，所述减速器外壳8固定在所述大腿15的上端，电机外壳1与减速器外壳8固联，所述太阳轮安装在太阳轮轴4上，所述太阳轮、行星轮5和内齿圈6依次相啮合，所述内齿圈6固定在减速器外壳8内，一般地，行星轮5有三个，三个行星轮5通过三个行星轮轴7铰接在行星轮输出架9上，行星轮输出架9与太阳轮轴4同心。行星齿轮减速器具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、传动比大、同轴性好和传动效率高等特点，一般可以达到4～10的减速比，对力矩冲击的反应性好，能够承受大的载荷，适合布置在空间紧张的腿足式机器人关节内部。
进一步地，所述太阳轮轴4一端与电机外壳1通过轴承铰接，太阳轮轴4另一端与减速器外壳8通过轴承铰接，电机转子3与太阳轮轴4固联。本实施例中的太阳轮可以直接加工在太阳轮轴4上，太阳轮轴4和电机转子3的转轴可以为一根轴。将太阳轮加工在太阳轮轴上，有助于减少机器人的零件数量，并且排除因加工或安装误差造成传动中存在间隙的问题，导致降低机器人腿足运动的精密度。
进一步地，所述行星轮输出架9径向伸出一个摆臂，拉杆11的上端通过拉杆上轴10铰接在行星轮输出架9的摆臂上，拉杆11的下端通过拉杆下轴16铰接在小腿18的一端。通过拉杆11控制机器人膝关节的运动，能够将原本应当与膝关节转轴17同轴心安装的膝关节电机、减速器等质量大的设备转移到大腿15顶端，这样的布局降低了机器人小腿18与大腿15的转动惯量，并且避免了剧烈运动时膝关节转轴17磕碰造成的电机外壳2的损伤；由于拉杆11具有一定的延展性与韧性，在小腿18受到剧烈冲击的时候能够吸收一部分能量，保护了减速器与电机的安全。
大腿15一端固联在减速器外壳8上，大腿15另一端通过膝关节转轴17与小腿18铰接；其中减速器太阳轮轴4轴心、拉杆上轴10轴心、膝关节转轴17轴心和拉杆下轴16轴心之间的连线形成了一个平行四边形。平行四边形机构保证了小腿18相对于大腿15转动的角度始终与行星轮输出架9转动的角度相同，从理论上保证了机器人腿部运动的精确性。
在本实施例中，所述减速器外壳8上安装有用于监测电机转子3转速的编码器12。由于行星减速器减速比是一个定值，通过编码器12监测电机转子3的转速，除以减速比可以计算出行星轮输出架9相对于减速器外壳8的角度；再通过连杆11的等比例传动，可以等效成小腿18相对于大腿15的角度，进而控制机器人运动过程中的平衡性能与精确反馈。
在本实施例中，所述编码器12和减速器外壳8的外侧安装有缓冲垫13，缓冲垫13由橡胶等柔性材料制成，用于保护腿足式机器人的腿机构免遭冲击的破坏。
在本实施例中，所述大腿15上安装有用于限制小腿18活动范围的限位部，进一步地，所述限位部可以为膝关节限位轴14或在大腿15上设计有用于限制小腿18活动的特制的突出部件等。具体的，膝关节限位轴14安装在大腿15接近膝关节转轴17附近，用于限制小腿18绕膝关节转轴17旋转的活动范围。
如图4所示，当膝关节需要收缩时，电机转子3通过行星轮5的公转带动拉杆11朝接近膝关节转轴17的方向运动，于是小腿18在拉杆11的驱动下在图4的视角中顺时针旋转。当膝关节限位轴14与膝收缩限位区1801接触时，膝关节限位轴14阻止了小腿18的进一步收缩。
如图5所示，当膝关节需要伸长时，电机转子3通过行星轮5的公转带动拉杆11朝远离膝关节转轴17的方向运动，于是小腿18在拉杆11的驱动下在图5视角中逆时针旋转。当膝关节限位轴14与膝伸长限位区1802接触时，膝关节限位轴14阻止了小腿18的进一步伸长。
本发明的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，结构简单，拆装方便，成本低廉，将电机安装在腿机构的内侧，能够缓解腿足式机器人摔倒时对电机造成的冲击，且电机散热片不必被缓冲垫遮挡，提升了电机的散热能力，间接提升腿足式机器人的性能；同时如图6所示，由于腿 部安装在电机与减速器的外侧，给腿足式机器人的身体留出了尽量宽敞的空间，在腿足式机器人整体宽度一定的条件下，提空给腿足式机器人的身体以尽可能大的空间，以容纳更多的相关元件。
本发明的实施例还提供一种腿足式机器人，包括腿机构，所述腿机构为上述的腿机构。这样的腿部机构具有轻量化、易于装配、传动精密的优点，并且由于自带散热片与橡胶垫，对驱动腿部运动的电机能起到特别的防护；使用拉杆传动带动膝关节运动，能够降低腿部的转动惯量，进而减小电机端的负载；由于大腿布置在腿部关节最外端，能够最大限度提升身体的宽度以容纳更多的设备。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，该腿机构包括相互铰接的大腿和小腿，其特征在于，所述大腿的上端安装有电机外壳和行星减速机构，所述电机外壳内侧安装有电机定子和与所述电机定子同轴心安装的电机转子，所述电机转子与所述行星减速机构的太阳轮轴固联，所述行星减速机构的行星轮输出架与所述小腿通过拉杆相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述电机外壳外侧设计有电机散热片，所述电机定子安装在电机外壳具有电机散热片处的内侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述行星减速机构包括太阳轮、太阳轮轴、行星轮、内齿圈、行星轮轴、行星轮输出架，所述减速器外壳固定在所述大腿的上端，所述太阳轮安装在太阳轮轴上，所述太阳轮、行星轮和内齿圈依次相啮合，所述内齿圈固定在减速器外壳内，所述行星轮通过行星轮轴铰接在所述行星轮输出架上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述太阳轮轴一端与电机外壳通过轴承铰接，太阳轮轴另一端与减速器外壳通过轴承铰接，电机转子与太阳轮轴固联。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述行星轮输出架径向伸出一个摆臂，拉杆的上端铰接在行星轮输出架的摆臂上。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述减速器外壳上安装有用于监测电机转子转速的编码器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述编码器和减速器外壳的外侧安装有缓冲垫。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述行星减速机构的太阳轮轴的轴心、拉杆的上端铰接轴心、拉杆的下端铰接轴心以及大腿和小腿的铰接轴心依次连线形成一个平行四边形。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种腿足式机器人的腿机构，其特征在于，所述大腿上安装有用于限制小腿活动范围的限位部。
  10. 一种腿足式机器人，包括腿机构，其特征在于，所述腿机构为权利要求1-9任一项所述的腿机构。
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