WO2021182998A1 - Способ извлечения скандия из скандий-содержащих материалов - Google Patents
Способ извлечения скандия из скандий-содержащих материалов Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021182998A1 WO2021182998A1 PCT/RU2020/050298 RU2020050298W WO2021182998A1 WO 2021182998 A1 WO2021182998 A1 WO 2021182998A1 RU 2020050298 W RU2020050298 W RU 2020050298W WO 2021182998 A1 WO2021182998 A1 WO 2021182998A1
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- Prior art keywords
- scandium
- solution
- pulp
- leaching
- concentrate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 90
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001625808 Trona Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium tantalum Chemical compound [Nb].[Ta] RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003326 scandium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NYMLCLICEBTBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-H scandium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical class [Sc+3].[Sc+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NYMLCLICEBTBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/10—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/12—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/212—Scandium oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
- C22B3/24—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of chemistry and technology of non-ferrous and rare metals, namely to the technology of extraction and concentration of scandium, and can be used in the production of scandium from various types of scandium-containing materials, in particular, red mud of alumina production and waste generated during the processing of titanium -, zirconium-, tungsten-, nickel-, niobium- and tantalum-containing raw materials.
- scandium is a typical trace element and does not form its own industrially significant minerals.
- the main sources of scandium are bauxites, laterite ores, rare metal ores and waste from their processing, in which the content of scandium oxide is from 40 to 500 g / t.
- Most of the known methods for extracting scandium are based on the use of hydrometallurgical methods (leaching, sorption, extraction, hydrolysis).
- a known method for producing scandium oxide from red mud which includes multiple (7 cycles), sequential leaching of red mud with a mixture of solutions of carbonate and sodium bicarbonate when passing through a mixture of smoke sintering furnace gases containing CO 2 , separation, washing of sludge followed by extraction of scandium oxide from the resulting solution.
- the solution is held in three stages at elevated temperatures with selective separation of precipitates after each stage, while at the first stage the solution is heated to a temperature not higher than 80 ° C and held for at least 1 hour, then defended for at least 2 hours with natural cooling; at the second stage, the solution is brought to a boil and kept under boiling and stirring for at least 2 hours; at the third stage, the filtrate is evaporated by boiling until the volume is reduced by 50%, after which a 46% sodium hydroxide solution is added to a concentration of NaZO-caustic 1.5-2.0 kg / m 3 , kept at boiling for at least 2 hours and then settle the precipitate containing scandium oxide for 10-16 hours with natural cooling.
- the content of scandium oxide in the target product - scandium concentrate - is ⁇ 5.2% SC 2 O 3 (or 3.40% Sc); the amount (yield) of scandium concentrate is ⁇ 290 g / t of processed red mud.
- a significant disadvantage of this method is the low degree of scandium extraction, not exceeding, in general, 13.6%, the duration of the technological process and high energy consumption for the implementation of the method, due to the need to carry out a three-stage exposure of the scandium-containing solution at elevated temperatures with evaporation of the solution until the volume is reduced by 50%.
- This method provides an increase in the degree of extraction of scandium from red mud during carbonization leaching up to 20% after 5 stages of recycling, the content of scandium oxide in the target product was 6.5 wt. % (patent RU 2562183, published 09/10/2015).
- the disadvantage of the known method is also a low degree of scandium extraction and significant costs for the implementation of the process due to the need for multiple recirculation of the solution for leaching new portions of red mud to concentrate scandium in solution to obtain a low quality product, which leads to additional costs at the stage of scandium concentrate cleaning to scandium oxide.
- the sorbent After the completion of sorption leaching, the sorbent is washed and separated from the pulp, the sorbent is converted, the subsequent desorption of scandium with carbonate solutions, the sorbent is washed from the desorbing solution using it at a further sorption stage and the scandium concentrate is separated from the commercial regenerate using sodium hydroxide (patent RU 2694866, published 07/17/2019).
- the proposed method for extracting scandium from scandium-containing raw materials can improve the process of separating scandium from other impurities and increase its recovery to 39%.
- a significant disadvantage of the method is the need to use a new portion of sodium hydroxide solution for each new leaching cycle and the absence of a stage for returning the mother liquor to a new technological cycle, which leads to a significant consumption of reagents such as sodium hydroxide and carbonate and, accordingly, to an increase operating costs.
- the disadvantage of this method is the need for regular filling of sorbents due to their mechanical wear during direct contact of the sorbents with the pulp, which, as a rule, has abrasive properties.
- the closest to the claimed method in terms of the totality of features and purpose is a method for processing red mud to obtain a scandium-containing concentrate (patent RU2647398, publ. 03/15/2018), including filtration of red mud from the liquid phase, repulpation of red mud cake with soda-bicarbonate circulating solution, gassing the solution with carbon dioxide until pH ⁇ 9, leaching the red mud with a soda-bicarbonate solution in one stage, filtering and washing with water on the filter of the red mud cake, sorption of scandium from the filtrate on a phosphorus-containing ion exchanger (after which the circulating solution is returned to the red mud cake repulpation) , desorption of scandium from phosphate ion exchanger with sodium carbonate solution to obtain a commercial scandium regenerate, from which hydrolytic precipitation of impurity components is carried out at pH 10.5-12.0 and then scandium concentrate is isolated at pH 12.5-13.5.
- a scandium-containing concentrate (patent RU264
- This method makes it possible to achieve the degree of scandium extraction of 28-29.1%, while the concentration of scandium oxide in the commercial regenerate is up to 700 mg / dm 3 , in the scandium concentrate - 25-60%.
- this method can significantly reduce the consumption of an expensive sorbent due to the sorption process from the solution, and not from the pulp, with the receipt of a commercial regenerate richer in scandium, but at the same time leads to a decrease in the degree of extraction of scandium from red sludge. Disclosure of invention
- the proposed invention is based on the task of developing a new method for extracting scandium from scandium-containing materials, characterized by a simplification of the instrumental-technological scheme and an increase in the productivity of the process by increasing the degree of extraction of scandium when selecting the optimal parameters of its leaching, providing a shift in the reaction equilibrium towards the formation of soluble complex compounds scandium with carbonate ions due to an increase in the concentration of complexing ions, and selective transition of scandium into solution against the background of impurities of aluminum, titanium and iron, which form insoluble hydroxides during leaching in a given pH range and are separated from the scandium-containing solution during filtration of the leached material (cake).
- the technical result of the invention is to solve the problem posed, to increase the degree of extraction of scandium from scandium-containing raw materials while reducing operating and capital costs by simplifying the instrumental-technological scheme and refusing to use expensive reagents such as ion-exchange sorbents, liquid and solid extractants.
- the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a method for extracting scandium from scandium-containing materials, including repulping scandium-containing material cake with a solution of a mixture of carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, carbonization leaching of a scandium-containing material pulp with a solution of a mixture of carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, precipitation and filtration of scandium concentrate, according to the claimed invention, carbonization leaching of the pulp is carried out with a solution of a mixture of carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with a concentration of 13 ( ⁇ 350 g / dm 3 NaiCCh and 2- ⁇ 100 g / dm 3 NaHCC at a pH of the pulp of 9.5-11.0 pH values of the pulp carry out gassing of the pulp with a gas-air mixture containing CO2, and the precipitation of the scandium concentrate is carried out in one stage by treating the solution obtained after leaching and filtering the pulp of scandium-containing material with an alkali solution.
- Carbonization leaching of scandium-containing material is carried out at a temperature of 20-90 ° C.
- the precipitation of the scandium concentrate is carried out by treating the solution after leaching the scandium-containing material with an alkali solution (solution sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or an aqueous solution of ammonia) at a pH of 12 ⁇ -13.5 and at a temperature of 5CH-100 ° C and holding for 1-3 hours, while the solution obtained after the separation of the scandium concentrate is subjected to gas-air with a mixture containing CO2 at a temperature of 15-50 ° C until the required ratio of Na2CC> 3 and NaHCC is restored and again sent for repulpation of a new portion of scandium-containing material.
- an alkali solution solution sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or an aqueous solution of ammonia
- the main difference between the proposed invention and the prototype method is the process of leaching scandium-containing material with a solution of a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at elevated pH values and concentrations of the leaching agent, which ensures the achievement of the maximum degree of scandium extraction into solution with minimum extraction of iron, aluminum and impurities into the solution.
- titanium the purification of which at subsequent technological processing requires additional costs of reagents, energy resources and time.
- An increase in the selectivity of scandium extraction at pH 9.5-11.0 is due to the formation of insoluble hydroxo compounds of iron, aluminum and titanium, while the presence of an excess of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in the solution increases the solubility of scandium and its transition from the solid phase to the solution after due to the displacement of the equilibrium of the reaction of formation of complexes of scandium with carbonate ions.
- the sodium bicarbonate present in the solution decomposes with an increase in the process temperature above 50 ° C with the release of ultradispersed bubbles of carbon dioxide, which also contribute to a shift in the reaction equilibrium towards the formation of scandium carbonate complexes and an increase in its recovery.
- the scandium concentrate is precipitated from the leaching solution obtained after filtration of the leached material cake by treatment with an alkali solution in one stage, without preliminary precipitation of impurities, the amount of which is small due to the selected leaching conditions.
- the optimal parameters of the processes of carbonization leaching of scandium from scandium-containing material and the separation of scandium concentrate were established based on the results of numerous experiments by varying the pH values of the leaching pulp, the concentrations of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the liquid phase of the leached pulp, the temperature of the leaching process, and the mass ratio of S: L in pulp, contact time at the leaching stage, pH and temperature at the stage of scandium concentrate separation.
- the pulp of the leached scandium-containing material was filtered, the cake was washed with water, and the leaching cake and filtrate were analyzed. Scandium concentrate was isolated from the obtained filtrate in one stage, the resulting concentrate precipitate was filtered and washed with water, and a sample of scandium concentrate and mother liquor was taken.
- the proposed invention can be used both for the extraction of scandium from scandium-containing materials in the form of a suspension (pulp), and in the form solids.
- a suspension Pulp
- it is pre-filtered from the liquid phase to obtain a cake of scandium-containing material.
- Research on the extraction of scandium from scandium-containing materials was carried out using the example of red mud, which is a waste product of alumina production from bauxite raw materials.
- Red mud is one of the most promising raw material sources of scandium in the world, the concentration of SC 2 O 3 in which can vary in the range of 40-250 g / t, depending on the composition of the feedstock (bauxite) and methods of its processing.
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the red mud that was used for research. Pre-production slurry of red mud, selected at the alumina production, was filtered from the liquid phase. The content of scandium oxide in the solid phase of the red mud was 0.019%.
- the choice of the optimal composition of the leaching agent was carried out in two stages: first, the carbonization leaching of scandium was carried out at a fixed concentration of NaHCCb 5 g / dm 3 and varying the concentration of Na 2 CCb to determine the optimal concentration range of Na 2 CCb, and then the concentration of NaHCCb was varied at a fixed concentration of Na 2 CCb ...
- an increase in the concentration of sodium carbonate above 300 g / dm 3 provides a significant increase in the viscosity of the system, which leads to an increase in the duration of the process of settling the scandium concentrate at subsequent technological stages and the difficulties of its filtration.
- the maximum degree of scandium recovery in carbonization leaching at other things being equal, it is achieved at a NaHCO 3 concentration in a solution of 10-50 g / dm 3 at a Na 2 C0 3 concentration of 180-250 g / dm 3 and 2-10 g / dm 3 at a Na 2 C0 3 concentration of 300 g / dm 3 .
- an increase in temperature to 80-90 ° ⁇ contributes to an increase in the degree of scandium extraction due to an improvement in the kinetics of the reaction of formation of soluble scandium compounds and a decrease in the degree of titanium extraction due to the secondary formation of insoluble titanium compounds, which favorably affects the process of further processing of the solution and the quality of scandium.
- Iron and aluminum impurities behave in a similar way.
- a decrease in the concentration of impurities in the production scandium-containing solution leads to a decrease in the consumption of alkali at the stage of separating the scandium concentrate and the consumption of other reagents at the stage of cleaning the concentrate into scandium oxide.
- Table 6 reflects the data obtained from the results of studies of the influence of the mass ratio of S: L in the leached pulp of red mud on the degree of extraction of scandium at pH 10.5, temperature 90 ° C, the composition of the leaching solution 180 g / dm 3 NaiCCb and 10 g / dm 3 NaHCCb and the duration of the leaching process is 3 hours. From the analysis of the data obtained, it can be seen that the optimal S: W ratio is 1: 6 h - 1:14. A further increase in TOR is inappropriate due to the strong dilution of the solution with respect to scandium (and, as a consequence, an increase in energy consumption for the transportation and heating of solutions) and an increase in the consumption of alkali at the stage of scandium concentrate separation.
- Table 8 shows the results of experiments on the selection of the optimal pH value at the stage of precipitation of scandium concentrate.
- the pH was adjusted by changing the dosage of sodium hydroxide solution to the production solution.
- the deposition of the scandium concentrate was carried out in one stage as follows: the production solution was heated to a temperature of 80 ° C, a sodium hydroxide solution containing 45 wt. % NaOH and kept the solution under stirring at this temperature for two hours. Next, the scandium concentrate pulp was settled and then filtered. As can be seen from table 8, the most complete extraction of scandium from solution into concentrate to obtain a concentrate containing 10.1-13.8 wt.
- % Sc 2 0 3 is achieved at a pH of 12.5-13, a decrease in pH contributes to the preservation of a part of scandium in solution and obtaining a poorer concentrate, with an increase in pH above the optimal value, the consumption of alkali increases, while the quality of the scandium concentrate does not improve.
- Table 9 shows data on the effect of temperature at the stage of precipitation of scandium concentrate on the completeness of its precipitation at pH 12.5 and the duration of the process is 2 hours. As you can see, the minimum content of scandium in the mother liquor of the precipitation of the concentrate was observed at a temperature of 80-100 ° C. With a decrease in temperature below 60 ° C, the degree of extraction of scandium from solution into concentrate decreases due to the fact that, under these conditions, part of the scandium does not bind to poorly soluble hydroxo complexes. Table 9
- the determination of the optimal duration of the process of separating scandium concentrate from the production solution of the above composition was carried out at a pH of 12.5 and a temperature of 80 ° C.
- the optimal duration of the process of precipitation of scandium concentrate is 1-3 hours. An increase in the duration of the process of precipitation of scandium concentrate does not affect the quality of the resulting concentrate, but leads to excessive consumption of energy resources.
- the pH of the pulp at the leaching stage is 9.5-11, preferably 10-H 1;
- the pH of the precipitation of the scandium concentrate is 12 ⁇ -13.5, preferably 12.5 -I 3.5; - precipitation of scandium concentrate is carried out with sodium hydroxide solution in one stage;
- Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the claimed method for extracting scandium from scandium-containing materials, which includes a number of main technological stages:
- the resulting pulp was placed in a thermostat, heated to a temperature of 85 ° C and kept at this temperature for 4 hours with continuous pH control and maintaining it at a level of 10.5 by gassing the pulp with carbon dioxide supplied from a cylinder.
- the resulting leached red mud pulp was filtered under vacuum, the leached red mud cake was washed with 100 ml water and sent for analysis.
- the SC2O3 concentration in the red mud leaching filtrate (production solution) was 7.82 mg / dm 3 .
- the chemical composition of the leached red mud cake (wt%) is shown in table 1 1.
- the leaching filtrate of red mud obtained by carbonization leaching of red mud at the parameters of example 1, was poured into a reactor with a volume of 2 dm 3 and heated to a temperature of 80 ° C, then a concentrated alkali solution with a concentration of 45% NaOH was added until a pH of 12.5 was reached.
- the resulting slurry of the scandium concentrate was kept at this temperature for 1 hour, the scandium concentrate was settled for 4 hours, then the clarified layer of the mother liquor was decanted, and the thickened slurry was filtered under vacuum and washed with water.
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CA3174993A CA3174993A1 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-10-28 | A method for the extraction of scandium from scandium-containing materials |
JP2022549351A JP7407295B2 (ja) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-10-28 | スカンジウム含有材料からスカンジウムを抽出する方法 |
EP20924075.3A EP4119685A4 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-10-28 | PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING SCANDIUM FROM SCANDIUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS |
CN202080097651.0A CN115176040B (zh) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-10-28 | 一种从含钪材料中提取钪的方法 |
US17/942,024 US20230020915A1 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2022-09-09 | Method for extracting scandium from scandium-containing materials |
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CN115176040A (zh) | 2022-10-11 |
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