WO2021181773A1 - 蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法 - Google Patents
蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021181773A1 WO2021181773A1 PCT/JP2020/045768 JP2020045768W WO2021181773A1 WO 2021181773 A1 WO2021181773 A1 WO 2021181773A1 JP 2020045768 W JP2020045768 W JP 2020045768W WO 2021181773 A1 WO2021181773 A1 WO 2021181773A1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 207
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
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- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for evaluating stress corrosion cracking of a steam turbine.
- SCC stress corrosion cracking
- Patent Document 1 a sample (test piece) is prepared from the same material as the material of the part where stress corrosion cracking is a concern, and the crack growth rate of the sample in the same environment as the evaluation target part is used to determine the evaluation target part. It has been proposed to quantitatively evaluate stress corrosion cracking.
- Patent Document 1 the sample is housed in a certain environment assumed from the operating environment of the evaluation target part, and the stress corrosion cracking of the evaluation target part is evaluated based on the corrosion state.
- the stress corrosion cracking of the evaluation target part is evaluated based on the corrosion state.
- test piece is prepared from the same material as the evaluation target site. Therefore, in order to evaluate stress corrosion cracking using such a test piece, a test period similar to the period required for stress corrosion cracking to actually occur at the evaluation target site, which is an actual machine, is required. ..
- At least one aspect of the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for evaluating stress corrosion cracking of a steam turbine capable of performing reliable quantitative evaluation of stress corrosion cracking quickly and accurately. With the goal.
- the stress corrosion cracking evaluation method for a steam turbine is to solve the above problems.
- a sample breakage time acquisition step for acquiring a sample breakage time of a sample housed in a sample box of a steam turbine and having a higher sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking than the material to be evaluated of the steam turbine.
- a break time estimation step for estimating the break time of the steam turbine based on the sample break time, and To be equipped.
- step S106 of FIG. It is a sub-flow chart of step S106 of FIG. It is a figure which shows the master curve and the correction master curve by comparison. It is a figure which compares and shows the master curve and the correction master curve when there are a plurality of measurement points. It is a figure which shows the characteristic function which defines the correlation of the damage degree standardized value with respect to the degree of wetness.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steam turbine 1.
- the steam turbine 1 includes a rotor 2 that rotates about an axis O, and a casing 4 that accommodates the rotor 2 so as to cover it from the outer peripheral side.
- the rotor 2 includes a rotor body 6 and a turbine blade 8.
- the turbine blade 8 is a blade row including a plurality of blade main bodies 10 and a tip shroud 12, and the plurality of rows are arranged at regular intervals in the axis O direction.
- the plurality of blade bodies 10 are attached so as to extend in the radial direction from the rotor body 6 that rotates around the axis O in the casing 4, and are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor body 6.
- Each of the plurality of blade bodies 10 is a member having a blade-shaped cross section when viewed from the radial direction.
- the tip shroud 12 is an annular tip shroud that connects the tip portions (radial outer ends) of each of the plurality of blade bodies 10.
- the casing 4 is a substantially tubular member provided so as to cover the rotor 2 from the outer peripheral side.
- a plurality of stationary blades 16 are provided on the inner peripheral surface 14 of the casing 4.
- a plurality of stationary blades 16 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface 14 and the axis O direction. Further, the turbine blades 8 are arranged so as to enter the region between the plurality of adjacent stationary blades 16.
- the casing 4 has a steam supply pipe 18 that supplies steam S as a working fluid from a steam supply source (not shown) to the steam turbine 1, and a steam discharge pipe that is connected to the downstream side of the steam turbine 1 and discharges steam. 20 is connected.
- a main flow path 22 through which the steam S supplied from the steam supply pipe 18 flows is formed inside the casing 4, in the region where the stationary blades 16 and the turbine blades 8 are arranged.
- the steam S flowing through the main flow path 22 is received by the turbine blades 8 to rotationally drive the rotor 2 (see arrow R).
- the rotation of the rotor 2 is output to the outside via the rotation shaft 24 connected to the rotor main body 6.
- the rotating shaft 24 is rotatably supported by the bearing portion 26 with respect to the casing 4.
- the casing 4 is provided with a sample box 28.
- the sample box 28 includes a space 30 for accommodating the sample 50 used in the evaluation method described later, and an opening / closing portion 32 (for example, a manhole or a hand hole) for putting the sample 50 in and out of the space 30.
- the sample box 28 can be arranged at an arbitrary position of the casing 4, but for example, when the steam turbine 1 is in operation, the sample box 28 may be provided at a position in the same or close environment to the evaluation target portion of the steam turbine 1. good.
- the space 30 in which the sample 50 is housed is arranged at a position where the temperature and the degree of wetness are the same or close to each other by communicating with the evaluation target site. In the example of FIG.
- the sample box 28 is arranged at a position adjacent to the main flow path 22 through which the high-temperature steam S flows, so that the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 becomes the steam S flowing through the main flow path 22. It is configured to be placed in the same or close environment as the exposed parts (turbine blades 8 and stationary blades 16).
- the sample box 28 may be provided at a position of the casing 4 that can be easily accessed from the outside so that the sample 50 can be easily taken in and out, which will be described later.
- the opening / closing portion 32 is configured so as to be adjacent to the opening / closing portion 32 (for example, a manhole or a hand hole installed on the flow path of the steam discharge pipe 20) in the passage through which the worker can enter and exit the steam turbine 1.
- the sample 50 can be easily taken in and out of the space 30 through the space 30.
- sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 will be described (hereinafter, the samples 50A to 50E will be described as examples of the sample 50, but these will be collectively referred to as the sample 50).
- the sample 50 By using the sample 50 having such a configuration, it is possible to effectively simulate the constituent members of the steam turbine 1 in which stress corrosion cracking can occur.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic view showing an example of sample 50A housed in the sample box 28 of FIG.
- Sample 50A includes two sample materials 52A, 52B that are in contact with each other and stressed.
- the sample 50A is configured so that the two sample materials 52A and 52B, which are plate-shaped members, are fixed by bolts 54 in a curved state so that a stress of about the yield strength can be applied to the two sample materials 52A and 52B. , A so-called double U bend test piece.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B are in close contact with each other so that there is no gap between them.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B constituting the sample 50A include materials constituting the evaluation target material (for example, the rotor 2 and the turbine blade 8) included in the steam turbine 1.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B may be made of the same material.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B are formed of the same material as the rotor 2.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B may be composed of materials different from each other.
- the rotor body 6 and the turbine blades 8 constituting the rotor 2 are made of different materials and come into contact with each other when the rotor body 6 and the turbine blades 8 are combined, different materials are used. By contacting, contact corrosion of dissimilar materials (galvanic corrosion), which has a higher degree of corrosion progress, may occur.
- the two sample materials 52A and 52B are formed from the materials constituting the rotor body 6 and the turbine rotor blade 8, respectively, so that different materials come into contact with each other in the rotor 2.
- a sample 50 that simulates a state can be configured.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view showing another example of the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 of FIG.
- the sample 50B is configured as a double U-bend test piece like the sample 50A shown in FIG. 2A, except that a gap 56 is partially provided between the two sample materials 52A and 52B.
- FIG. 2C to 2E are schematic views showing another example of the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 of FIG.
- the sample 50C shown in FIG. 2C is a tapered DCB (Double-Cantilever Beam) test piece, and the crack growth can be evaluated while changing the acting stress depending on the thickness of the wedge.
- the tapered DCB test piece has a feature that the stress intensity factor hardly changes even if the crack length changes.
- the sample 50D shown in FIG. 2D is a branch notch CT test piece, and a predetermined acting stress can be applied by changing the thickness of the wedge to evaluate the occurrence of cracks.
- the sample 50E shown in FIG. 2E is a pre-crack CT test piece, and the crack growth can be evaluated while changing the acting stress depending on the thickness of the wedge. In this test piece, the stress intensity factor decreases as the crack length increases.
- the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 may contain a plurality of samples having different sensitivities.
- the sensitivity of the sample 50 depends on the yield strength, and can be adjusted by, for example, high-strength processing or heat treatment when the sample 50 is manufactured.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the evaluation device 100 of the steam turbine 1 of FIG.
- the evaluation device 100 is, for example, an analysis unit for performing evaluation of the steam turbine 1.
- the evaluation device 100 is composed of, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a computer-readable storage medium, and the like. Then, as an example, a series of processes for realizing various functions are stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, and the CPU reads this program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing / arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions are realized.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- the program is installed in a ROM or other storage medium in advance, is provided in a state of being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or is distributed via a wired or wireless communication means. Etc. may be applied.
- Computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, semiconductor memories, and the like.
- the evaluation device 100 includes a sample break time acquisition unit 102 for acquiring the sample break time, a storage unit 104 for storing the master curve 60, a correction master curve creation unit 106 for correcting the master curve 60, and a steam turbine 1.
- a break time estimation unit 108 for estimating the break time of the steam turbine 1 and an evaluation unit 110 for evaluating the steam turbine 1 based on the break time are provided.
- the blocks constituting the evaluation device 100 shown in FIG. 3 are described corresponding to the functions exhibited when the evaluation method described later is carried out, and may be integrated with each other as necessary. However, it may be further subdivided. Further, at least a part of the configuration of the evaluation device 100 may be arranged at a position away from the steam turbine 1 to be evaluated by being configured to be communicable via a network. For example, the evaluation device 100 may be located at a base station in a remote location capable of communicating with the steam turbine 1 in a network, or may be configured as a cloud server.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the stress corrosion cracking evaluation method carried out by the evaluation device 100 of FIG. 3 for each process.
- the stress corrosion cracking evaluation method described below will be described when it is carried out using the above-mentioned evaluation device 100, but it may be carried out by an operator without using the evaluation device 100.
- a master curve 60 that defines the correlation between the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking and the standard failure time is created (step S100: master curve creation step).
- the master curve 60 is created by a breaking test using a plurality of test pieces.
- the plurality of test pieces used in the fracture test include materials of the same type as the rotor material, which is an example of the material to be evaluated of the steam turbine 1, and have different sensitivities to each other.
- a plurality of test pieces having the same shape as the sample 50 described above are easily prepared with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2E, and the sensitivities of the test pieces are prepared to be different from each other.
- the method of differentiating the sensitivities of a plurality of test pieces is generally performed by performing strong processing or heat treatment because there is a correlation between susceptibility and proof stress.
- the fracture time of each test piece (hereinafter, the fracture time obtained in the fracture test for creating the master curve 60 is used as a reference fracture is used as a reference. (Called time) is calculated.
- the master curve 60 is created by associating the sensitivity obtained in this way with the reference failure time.
- FIG. 5 is an example of the master curve 60.
- the master curve 60 is represented as a function f (t, y) in which the sensitivity y and the failure time t are variables, and the standard failure time t tends to decrease as the sensitivity y increases.
- the master curve 60 created in this way is readable and stored in the storage unit 104.
- the load stress of a test conducted by applying a stress corresponding to the proof stress using a test piece 50 having a changed proof stress is used. Further, after sensitizing the material, it may be used as an index on the vertical axis of FIG.
- the sample 50 is stored in the sample box 28 (step S101).
- the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 is configured to be more sensitive to stress corrosion cracking than the steam turbine 1 to be evaluated.
- a sample 50 whose sensitivity is adjusted by performing strong processing or heat treatment on the sample 50 having the above-mentioned shape with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2E is prepared.
- the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 can generate stress corrosion cracking before the steam turbine 1.
- the sample box 28 may accommodate a plurality of samples 50.
- the plurality of samples 50 may have different sensitivities to each other by adjusting the proof stress of each sample 50 by performing, for example, high-strength processing or heat treatment.
- the plurality of samples 50 may also include the different aspects described above with reference to FIGS. 2A-2E.
- step S102 the operation of the steam turbine 1 is started with the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 (step S102).
- the steam S passing through the main flow path 22 causes corrosion of the steam turbine 1.
- step S103 the presence or absence of damage in the sample 50 is monitored.
- the operator checks the state of the sample 50 in the sample box 28 at the time of maintenance. It may be done by doing.
- the damage state detection sensor may be attached to the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28, and the presence or absence of damage may be monitored by acquiring the detection signal of the damage state sensor.
- the damage state sensor by configuring the damage state sensor so as to be able to communicate with the evaluation device 100 by wire or wirelessly, the damage state of the sample 50 can be monitored without actually taking out the sample 50 from the sample box 28. This enables real-time monitoring not only during maintenance of the steam turbine 1 but also during operation.
- the sample damage time acquisition unit 102 acquires the sample damage time (step S105: sample damage time acquisition step).
- the sample breakage time is the elapsed time from the start of operation of the steam turbine 1 in step S102 to the discovery of damage in the sample 50. For example, if a worker checks the state of the sample 50 in the sample box 28 during maintenance and finds damage to the sample 50, the elapsed time from the start of operation of the steam turbine 1 to the check is set as a sample. It may be regarded as the breakage time. Since the sample 50 is configured to be more sensitive than the steam turbine 1 as described above, stress corrosion cracking progresses at a timing sufficiently before the steam turbine 1, and the sample breakage time required for evaluation can be obtained. can.
- the sample damage time acquisition unit 102 sets the sample damage time for each of the damaged samples 50. You may get it.
- the break time estimation unit 108 estimates the break time of the steam turbine 1 based on the sample break time acquired by the sample break time acquisition unit 102 (step S106: break time estimation step).
- step S106 break time estimation step.
- the specific method by the break time estimation unit 108 will be described later, but since the sample break time is obtained from the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 of the steam turbine 1 which is the actual machine to be evaluated, the actual steam turbine It reflects the impact on operational conditions, including temperature and dampness. Therefore, by estimating the breakage time of the steam turbine 1 based on such a sample breakage time, it is possible to evaluate the steam turbine with high accuracy.
- the evaluation unit 110 evaluates the remaining life or maintenance time of the steam turbine 1 based on the damage time estimated in step S106 (step S107: evaluation step). Specifically, the evaluation unit 110 obtains the remaining life of the steam turbine 1 as a difference between the operating time of the steam turbine 1 up to now and the damage time estimated in step S106. Further, the evaluation unit 110 obtains the remaining life of each component of the steam turbine 1, and determines the time for performing maintenance work such as repair / replacement of each component based on the remaining life. Such evaluation results are effective in formulating a maintenance plan for preventing stress corrosion cracking in the steam turbine 1.
- FIG. 6 is a sub-flow chart of step S106 of FIG.
- the damage time estimation unit 108 acquires the master curve 60 stored in the storage unit 104 (step S200).
- the master curve 60 is stored in advance in the storage unit 104 as a function that defines the correlation between the sensitivity and the standard failure time, as described above with reference to FIG.
- the break time estimation unit 108 corrects the master curve 60 acquired in step S200 based on the sample break time acquired by the sample break time acquisition unit 102 and the sensitivity of the sample 50 corresponding to the sample break time.
- the correction master curve 70 is created (step S201).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a comparison between the master curve 60 and the correction master curve 70.
- the horizontal axis represents the failure time t
- the vertical axis represents the sensitivity y (proof stress)
- the master curve 60 before correction acquired from the storage unit 104 is shown as a function f (t, y). ..
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a comparison between the master curve 60 and the correction master curve 70.
- the horizontal axis represents the failure time t
- the vertical axis represents the sensitivity y (proof stress)
- the master curve 60 before correction acquired from the storage unit 104 is shown as a function f (t, y). ..
- FIG. 8 compares the master curve 60 and the correction master curve 70 when a plurality of measurement points A1 (t1-1, y1-1), A2 (t1-2, y1-2), ... Are present. It is a figure which shows.
- the sample 50 having the fastest progress of stress corrosion cracking is, for example, at a plurality of measurement points A1 (t1-1, y1-1), A2 (t1-2, y1-2), ...
- the failure time estimation unit 108 acquires the sensitivity of the steam turbine 1 to be evaluated (step S202). Since the sensitivity generally corresponds to the intensity, the sensitivity may be calculated by acquiring the intensity of the steam turbine 1 in step S202.
- the breakage time estimation unit 108 uses the correction master curve 70 created in step S201 to obtain the breakage time corresponding to the sensitivity of the steam turbine 1 acquired in step S202 (step S203).
- the break time t0 of the steam turbine 1 can be obtained based on the correction master curve 70.
- the break time estimation unit 108 makes the first correction for the break time t0 obtained in step S203 based on the reference temperature corresponding to the master curve 60 and the operating temperature of the steam turbine 1 (step S204: first correction). 1 correction process).
- the first correction is first performed by calculating the time evaluation base value ⁇ t based on the break time t0 obtained in step S203. As shown in FIG. 7, the time evaluation base value ⁇ t is the break time t0 obtained in step S203 and the sample break time which is the current time (since this step is the time when the sample break time is acquired, the sample break time). It is calculated as the difference from the current time).
- the time evaluation base value ⁇ t is corrected based on the reference temperature corresponding to the master curve 60 and the operating temperature of the steam turbine 1.
- the parameters X1 and X2 corresponding to the test environment temperature T1 when creating the master curve 60 and the actual temperature T2 of the steam turbine 1 are obtained by using the following Clark's equations (coefficients A, B, C), respectively.
- A is the crack length
- ⁇ 0.2 is the 0.2% proof stress (or yield strength)
- the coefficients A, B, and C are constants defined based on the conditions such as the material).
- the first correction value ⁇ t'of the time evaluation base value ⁇ t is obtained by dividing the time evaluation base value ⁇ t by the ratio of X (X2 / X1).
- the first correction value ⁇ t'calculated in this way can consider the influence of the difference between the reference temperature of the master curve 60 and the operating temperature of the steam turbine 1 which is the actual machine, and can evaluate the steam turbine with higher accuracy. Is possible.
- Step S204 Second correction step).
- a characteristic function f (s, D) that defines the correlation of the damage degree standardized value D with respect to the wetness degree s is created in advance.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a characteristic function f (s, D) that defines the correlation of the damage degree standardized value D with respect to the wetness degree s.
- the ratio of the two is evaluated using the test environment damage degree D1 when the master curve 60 is created and the assumed damage degree D2 of the actual steam turbine 1.
- D2> D1 the second correction value T ′′ is obtained by dividing the first correction value ⁇ t ′ of the time evaluation base value by the ratio of D (D2 / D1).
- step S204 the case where the first correction is performed in step S204 and then the second correction is performed in step S205 is illustrated, but the first correction may be performed after the second correction, or the first correction may be performed. Alternatively, only one of the second corrections may be performed. Further, in step S106, the first correction and the second correction may not be performed, and the damage time t0 itself calculated in step S3 may be output as an estimation result.
- the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 precedes the steam turbine 1. Stress corrosion cracking occurs. Therefore, using the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 provided in the steam turbine 1, the sample breakage time is acquired at a timing sufficiently before the stress corrosion cracking actually occurs in the steam turbine 1, and the sample breakage time is set to the sample breakage time. The break time of the steam turbine 1 can be estimated based on this. Further, the sample breakage time is obtained from the sample 50 housed in the sample box 28 of the steam turbine 1 which is the actual machine to be evaluated. Since such a sample breakage time reflects the influence on the operating state including the actual temperature and wetness of the steam turbine 1, it is possible to evaluate the steam turbine 1 with high accuracy.
- the stress corrosion cracking evaluation method for a steam turbine is A sample contained in a sample box (for example, the sample box 28 of the above embodiment) of a steam turbine (for example, the steam turbine 1 of the above embodiment) and configured to be more sensitive to stress corrosion cracking than the material to be evaluated of the steam turbine.
- the sample break time acquisition step for acquiring the sample break time of the sample 50 of the above embodiment (for example, step S105 of the above embodiment) and A break time estimation step (for example, step S106 of the above embodiment) for estimating the break time of the steam turbine based on the sample break time.
- the sample housed in the sample box can be used.
- Stress corrosion cracking occurs before the steam turbine. Therefore, using the sample housed in the sample box provided in the steam turbine, the sample breakage time is obtained at a timing sufficiently before stress corrosion cracking actually occurs in the steam turbine, and the steam turbine is based on the sample breakage time. Damage time can be estimated.
- the sample breakage time is obtained from the sample housed in the sample box of the steam turbine, which is the actual machine to be evaluated. Since such sample breakage time reflects the influence on the operating condition including the actual temperature and wetness of the steam turbine, it is possible to evaluate the steam turbine with high accuracy.
- the sample has higher strength than the material to be evaluated.
- the sensitivity of the sample can be made higher than that of the evaluation target material.
- the failure time estimation step is By correcting the master curve (eg, the master curve 60 of the above embodiment) that defines the correlation between the susceptibility and the standard failure time by using the sensitivity of the sample used in the first step and the sample breakage time.
- a correction master curve creation step for example, step S201 of the above embodiment
- a break time specifying step for example, step S203 of the above embodiment
- a master curve that defines the correlation between the sensitivity under the reference environment and the standard break time is prepared in advance for the materials constituting the steam turbine. Since there is a considerable difference between the reference environment of the master curve and the operating environment of the actual steam turbine, the master curve is corrected by the sensitivity of the sample contained in the sample box of the steam turbine and the sample breakage time. .. By obtaining the break time of the steam turbine based on the master curve corrected in this way, it is possible to evaluate the steam turbine with high accuracy.
- the sample breakage time acquisition step the sample breakage time is obtained for a plurality of the samples having different sensitivities.
- the correction master curve creating step the correction master curve is created by correcting the master curve based on the sensitivity corresponding to the sample having the fastest progress of stress corrosion cracking and the sample breakage time.
- the sample break time is acquired for each of the plurality of samples housed in the sample box. Then, among these samples, the sample having the fastest progress of stress corrosion cracking determined by the sensitivity and the sample breakage time is selected, and the master curve is corrected by using the sensitivity and the sample breakage time corresponding to the sample. conduct. As a result, the break time of the steam turbine can be estimated with a large margin, so that a more reliable evaluation of the steam turbine becomes possible.
- a master curve creating step for example, step S100 of the above embodiment for creating the master curve by performing a rupture test using a plurality of test pieces containing the same material of the steam turbine and having different sensitivities to each other. Further prepare.
- a master curve that defines the correlation between the sensitivity and the standard failure time can be produced by using a plurality of test pieces having different sensitivities for the same type of material as the steam turbine to be evaluated.
- a first correction step for example, step S204 of the above embodiment for correcting the break time based on the reference temperature corresponding to the master curve and the operating temperature of the steam turbine is further provided.
- the steam turbine breakage time estimated based on the sample breakage time is corrected based on the reference temperature of the master curve and the operating temperature of the steam turbine which is the actual machine.
- the influence of the difference between the reference temperature of the master curve and the operating temperature of the actual steam turbine can be taken into consideration, and a more accurate evaluation of the steam turbine becomes possible.
- a second correction step for example, step S205 of the above embodiment for correcting the breakage time based on the reference wetness corresponding to the master curve and the wetness during operation of the steam turbine is further provided.
- the steam turbine breakage time estimated based on the sample breakage time is corrected based on the reference wetness of the master curve and the wetness during operation of the actual steam turbine. do.
- the influence of the difference between the reference wetness of the master curve and the wetness during operation of the actual steam turbine can be taken into consideration, and a more accurate evaluation of the steam turbine becomes possible.
- the sample includes two sample materials (eg, sample materials 52A, 52B of the above embodiment) that are at least partially in contact with each other and stressed.
- a gap (for example, the gap 56 of the above embodiment) is provided between the two sample materials.
- the sample includes a double U-bend test piece (for example, samples 50A and 50B of the above embodiment), a tapered DCB test piece (for example, sample 50C of the above embodiment), and a blunt notch CT test piece (for example, sample 50D of the above embodiment).
- a pre-crack CT test piece eg, sample 50E of the above embodiment.
- the steam turbine can be suitably evaluated by the method of each of the above aspects.
- the sample breakage time acquisition step In another aspect, in any one of the above (1) to (11), the sample breakage time is acquired based on the detection signal of the breakage state detection sensor provided on the sample.
- the sample breakage time can be obtained without taking out the sample from the sample box.
- An evaluation step for example, step S107 of the above embodiment for evaluating the remaining life or maintenance time of the steam turbine based on the breakage time is further provided.
- stress corrosion cracking is effective in the steam turbine by evaluating the remaining life or maintenance time of the steam turbine based on the break time of the steam turbine estimated by the methods of each of the above aspects. Can be prevented.
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Abstract
Description
蒸気タービンのサンプルボックスに収容され、前記蒸気タービンの評価対象材に比べて応力腐食割れに対する感受性が高く構成されたサンプルのサンプル破損時間を取得するサンプル破損時間取得工程と、
前記サンプル破損時間に基づいて、前記蒸気タービンの破損時間を推定する破損時間推定工程と、
を備える。
f’(t、y)=f(t×t2/t1、y)
すなわち、ステップS201における補正は、マスターカーブ60が測定点A(t1、y1)を通過するように、マスターカーブ60の横軸方向の倍率を調整するように行われる。マスターカーブ60が作成される環境(基準環境)と、実際の蒸気タービン1の運用環境との間には少なからず差異があるが、このように実際の測定点(t1、y1)に基づいてマスターカーブ60を補正することで、両者の差異の影響を考慮した補正マスターカーブ70を作成することができる。
X1=ln(da/dt)=-A-B/T1+Cσ0.2
X2=ln(da/dt)=-A-B/T2+Cσ0.2
T2>T1である場合、時間評価ベース値ΔtをXの比率(X2/X1)で除算することにより、時間評価ベース値Δtの第1補正値Δt’が求められる。このように算出された第1補正値Δt’は、マスターカーブ60の基準温度と、実機である蒸気タービン1の運転時の温度との差異の影響を考慮でき、より精度の高い蒸気タービンの評価が可能となる。
蒸気タービン(例えば上記実施形態の蒸気タービン1)のサンプルボックス(例えば上記実施形態のサンプルボックス28)に収容され、前記蒸気タービンの評価対象材に比べて応力腐食割れに対する感受性が高く構成されたサンプル(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル50)のサンプル破損時間を取得するサンプル破損時間取得工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS105)と、
前記サンプル破損時間に基づいて、前記蒸気タービンの破損時間を推定する破損時間推定工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS106)と、
を備える。
前記サンプルは前記評価対象材に比べて強度が高い。
前記破損時間推定工程は、
前記感受性と標準破損時間との相関を規定するマスターカーブ(例えば上記実施形態のマスターカーブ60)を、前記第1工程で用いた前記サンプルの前記感受性及び前記サンプル破損時間を用いて補正することにより、補正マスターカーブ(例えば上記実施形態の補正マスターカーブ70)を作成する補正マスターカーブ作成工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS201)と、
前記補正マスターカーブに基づいて、前記蒸気タービンの設計耐力に対応する前記破損時間を特定する破損時間特定工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS203)と、
を含む。
前記サンプル破損時間取得工程では、前記感受性が異なる複数の前記サンプルについて前記サンプル破損時間を取得し、
前記補正マスターカーブ作成工程では、前記応力腐食割れの進行が最も速い前記サンプルに対応する前記感受性及び前記サンプル破損時間に基づいて、前記マスターカーブを補正することにより、前記補正マスターカーブを作成する。
前記蒸気タービンの同種材を含み、且つ、互いに異なる感受性を有する複数の試験片を用いて破断試験を行うことにより、前記マスターカーブを作成するマスターカーブ作成工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS100)を更に備える。
前記マスターカーブに対応する基準温度、及び、前記蒸気タービンの運転時の温度に基づいて、前記破損時間を補正する第1補正工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS204)を更に備える。
前記マスターカーブに対応する基準湿り度、及び、前記蒸気タービンの運転時の湿り度に基づいて、前記破損時間を補正する第2補正工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS205)を更に備える。
前記サンプルは、少なくとも部分的に互いに接触し、且つ、応力が負荷された2つのサンプル材(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル材52A、52B)を含む。
前記2つのサンプル材は、前記蒸気タービンに含まれる異なる材料をそれぞれ含む。
前記2つのサンプル材の間に隙間(例えば上記実施形態の隙間56)が設けられる。
前記サンプルは、ダブルUベンド試験片(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル50A、50B)、テーパードDCB試験片(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル50C)、ブラントノッチCT試験片(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル50D)、プレクラックCT試験片(例えば上記実施形態のサンプル50E)である。
前記サンプル破損時間取得工程では、前記サンプルに設けられた破損状態検知センサの検知信号に基づいて、前記サンプル破損時間を取得する。
前記破損時間に基づいて前記蒸気タービンの余寿命又はメンテナンス時期を評価する評価工程(例えば上記実施形態のステップS107)を更に備える。
2 ロータ
4 ケーシング
6 ロータ本体
8 タービン動翼
10 翼本体
12 チップシュラウド
14 内周面
16 静翼
18 蒸気供給管
20 蒸気排出管
22 主流路
24 回転軸
26 軸受部
28 サンプルボックス
30 空間
32 開閉部
50 サンプル
52A,52B サンプル材
54 ボルト
56 隙間
60 マスターカーブ
70 補正マスターカーブ
100 評価装置
102 サンプル破損時間取得部
104 記憶部
106 補正マスターカーブ作成部
108 破損時間推定部
110 評価部
S 蒸気
Claims (13)
- 蒸気タービンのサンプルボックスに収容され、前記蒸気タービンの評価対象材に比べて応力腐食割れに対する感受性が高く構成されたサンプルのサンプル破損時間を取得するサンプル破損時間取得工程と、
前記サンプル破損時間に基づいて、前記蒸気タービンの破損時間を推定する破損時間推定工程と、
を備える、蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。 - 前記サンプルは前記評価対象材に比べて強度が高い、請求項1に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記破損時間推定工程は、
前記感受性と標準破損時間との相関を規定するマスターカーブを、前記第1工程で用いた前記サンプルの前記感受性及び前記サンプル破損時間を用いて補正することにより、補正マスターカーブを作成する補正マスターカーブ作成工程と、
前記補正マスターカーブに基づいて、前記蒸気タービンの設計耐力に対応する前記破損時間を特定する破損時間特定工程と、
を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。 - 前記サンプル破損時間取得工程では、前記感受性が異なる複数の前記サンプルについて前記サンプル破損時間を取得し、
前記補正マスターカーブ作成工程では、前記応力腐食割れの進行が最も速い前記サンプルに対応する前記感受性及び前記サンプル破損時間に基づいて、前記マスターカーブを補正することにより、前記補正マスターカーブを作成する、請求項3に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。 - 前記蒸気タービンの同種材を含み、且つ、互いに異なる感受性を有する複数の試験片を用いて破断試験を行うことにより、前記マスターカーブを作成するマスターカーブ作成工程を更に備える、請求項3又は4に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記マスターカーブに対応する基準温度、及び、前記蒸気タービンの運転時の温度に基づいて、前記破損時間を補正する第1補正工程を更に備える、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記マスターカーブに対応する基準湿り度、及び、前記蒸気タービンの運転時の湿り度に基づいて、前記破損時間を補正する第2補正工程を更に備える、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記サンプルは、少なくとも部分的に互いに接触し、且つ、応力が負荷された2つのサンプル材を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記2つのサンプル材は、前記蒸気タービンに含まれる異なる材料をそれぞれ含む、請求項8に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記2つのサンプル材の間に隙間が設けられる、請求項8又は9に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記サンプルは、ダブルUベンド試験片、テーパードDCB試験片、ブラントノッチCT試験片、プレクラックCT試験片である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記サンプル破損時間取得工程では、前記サンプルに設けられた破損状態検知センサの検知信号に基づいて、前記サンプル破損時間を取得する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
- 前記破損時間に基づいて前記蒸気タービンの余寿命又はメンテナンス時期を評価する評価工程を更に備える、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気タービンの応力腐食割れ評価方法。
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JP2017146224A (ja) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 合金材料の評価方法 |
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CN114729874A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
TW202134626A (zh) | 2021-09-16 |
JP2021143991A (ja) | 2021-09-24 |
US20240011890A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
JP7409916B2 (ja) | 2024-01-09 |
TWI789658B (zh) | 2023-01-11 |
DE112020005286T5 (de) | 2022-08-25 |
KR20220086680A (ko) | 2022-06-23 |
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