WO2021179928A1 - 一种自洁式空气预热器 - Google Patents

一种自洁式空气预热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021179928A1
WO2021179928A1 PCT/CN2021/078465 CN2021078465W WO2021179928A1 WO 2021179928 A1 WO2021179928 A1 WO 2021179928A1 CN 2021078465 W CN2021078465 W CN 2021078465W WO 2021179928 A1 WO2021179928 A1 WO 2021179928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
exchange tube
air
drive plate
flue gas
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PCT/CN2021/078465
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万鹏
赖日东
唐转清
杨培忠
宋旭
吴德富
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广东中鹏热能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021179928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021179928A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/08—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to a self-cleaning air preheater.
  • the common shell-and-tube air preheater uses the high-temperature flue gas generated in industrial production to replace heat with air, thereby effectively recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and achieving the purpose of energy reuse.
  • the traditional shell-and-tube air preheater The heat exchange efficiency is not high, the heat utilization rate is low, and the waste heat recovery effect is average.
  • the present invention provides a self-cleaning air preheater, which effectively improves the shell-and-tube air preheater by cleverly setting the structure of the air channel and the flue gas channel, as well as the automatic dust removal device.
  • the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is very important.
  • a self-cleaning air preheater comprising a heat exchange chamber, the top end of the heat exchange chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, the bottom end of the heat exchange chamber is provided with a flue gas exhaust port, and the flue gas
  • the air inlet, the heat exchange chamber, and the flue gas exhaust port form a high-temperature flue gas channel; a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the horizontal direction in the heat exchange chamber, and both ends of the heat exchange tube are provided with partitions, and the partitions There are openings corresponding to the number of heat exchange tubes.
  • the heat exchange tubes include an upper heat exchange tube and a lower heat exchange tube.
  • One end of the lower heat exchange tube is provided with an air inlet, and the upper heat exchange tube The same end of the tube is provided with an air outlet, the lower heat exchange tube and the upper heat exchange tube are provided with an air transfer chamber at the other end, the air inlet, the lower heat exchange tube, the air transfer chamber, and the upper
  • the heat exchange tube and the air exhaust port constitute an air heat exchange channel.
  • the heat exchange chambers are multiple and connected side by side, and the heat exchange tubes horizontally penetrate the multiple heat exchange chambers.
  • the heat exchange tubes include an upper heat exchange tube and a lower heat exchange tube.
  • the lower heat exchange tube One end of the heat exchange tube is provided with an air inlet, the same end of the upper heat exchange tube is provided with an air outlet, the other end of the lower heat exchange tube and the upper heat exchange tube is provided with the air transfer chamber, so
  • the partition is provided between the two adjacent heat exchange chambers, the top and bottom ends of the heat exchange chamber are provided with a flue gas transfer chamber, the flue gas inlet, the heat exchange chamber, and the flue gas transfer chamber
  • the high-temperature flue gas channel is formed with the flue gas exhaust port.
  • the air intake port, the lower heat exchange tube, the air transfer chamber, the upper heat exchange tube and the air exhaust port constitute an air heat exchange channel.
  • the aperture of the opening is not smaller than the diameter of the heat exchange tube.
  • the ash cleaning device includes a first drive plate, a second drive plate, an ash cleaning ring, and a power mechanism. Both the first drive plate and the second drive plate are provided with multiple A through hole, the heat exchange tube is sleeved in the through hole, the ash cleaning ring is arranged between the first drive plate and the second drive plate and is movably sleeved on the heat exchange tube, so The power mechanism is connected to the first drive plate and the second drive plate, and the first drive plate or the second drive plate is driven by the power mechanism to drive the ash cleaning ring along the heat exchange tube Movement of the outer wall.
  • each heat exchange tube is sleeved with the ash cleaning ring.
  • the number of through holes on the first drive plate is consistent with the number of heat exchange tubes
  • the number of through holes on the second drive plate is consistent with the number of heat exchange tubes
  • the inner diameter of the ash cleaning ring is larger than the diameter of the heat exchange tube, and the outer diameter of the ash cleaning ring is larger than the aperture of the through hole.
  • a travel switch is provided at both ends of the heat exchange tube near the power mechanism.
  • the power mechanism includes a motor, a sprocket, and a chain, the sprocket is arranged at both ends of the chain, the chain is provided with a driving arm, and the chain is connected to the first driving plate and the first driving plate.
  • the two driving boards are connected by a driving arm.
  • the present invention ingeniously designs the high-temperature flue gas channel and the air heat exchange channel, divides the air into two layers for heating, and adopts counter-current heat exchange, so that the high-temperature flue gas that has just entered the heat exchange chamber directly heats the preheated air and increases the heat transfer. Thermal temperature difference improves heat transfer efficiency and recovers waste heat more effectively.
  • the air preheater is equipped with a dust removal device to reduce the dust accumulation of the heat exchange tube and further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the air preheater.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the structure of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the structure of Fig. 2.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air preheater with an ash cleaning device.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of an air preheater with a dust removal device.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the marked part in Fig. 6.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of an air preheater with an ash cleaning device.
  • Figure 9 is a combined diagram of the heat exchange tube and the drive plate.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive plate and the ash cleaning ring.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving board.
  • Figure 12 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the power mechanism.
  • Figure 13 is the second structural diagram of the power mechanism.
  • Heat exchange chamber 2. Flue gas inlet, 3. Flue gas exhaust, 4. Heat exchange tube, 41. Upper heat exchange tube, 42. Lower heat exchange tube, 5. Baffle, 51 Opening, 6. Air intake, 7. Air exhaust, 8. Air transfer chamber, 9. Flue gas transfer chamber, 10. Ash cleaning device, 101. First drive plate, 102. Second drive plate , 103. Ash cleaning ring, 104. Power mechanism, 1041. Motor, 1042. Sprocket, 1043. Chain, 1044. First reducer, 1045. Angle converter, 1046. Cross universal coupling, 1047. Section Second reducer, 1048. Power transmission shaft on both sides, 1049. Drive arm, 1050. Chain box, 105. Through hole, 106. Travel switch.
  • the self-cleaning air preheater includes a heat exchange chamber 1.
  • the top end of the heat exchange chamber 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 2 and the bottom end of the heat exchange chamber 1 is provided with a flue gas outlet 3.
  • the flue gas inlet 2, the heat exchange chamber 1 and the flue gas outlet 3 form a high-temperature flue gas channel.
  • a number of heat exchange tubes 4 are arranged in the horizontal direction in the heat exchange chamber 1. Both ends of the heat exchange tubes 4 are provided with partitions 5, and the partitions 5 are provided with openings 51 corresponding to the number of heat exchange tubes 4, in which the openings are
  • the hole diameter of 51 is not less than the diameter of the heat exchange tube 4.
  • the heat exchange tube 4 includes an upper heat exchange tube 41 and a lower heat exchange tube 42.
  • One end of the lower heat exchange tube 42 is provided with an air inlet 6 and the upper heat exchange tube 41
  • An air exhaust port 7 is provided at the same end
  • an air transfer chamber 8 is provided at the other end of the lower heat exchange tube 42 and the upper heat exchange tube 41, the air intake port 6, the lower heat exchange tube 42, the air transfer chamber 8, and the upper heat exchange tube
  • the heat pipe 41 and the air exhaust port 7 constitute an air heat exchange channel.
  • the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchange chamber 1 from the flue gas inlet 2 and passes through the upper heat exchange tube 41 and the lower heat exchange tube 42 in sequence, and is connected with the air in the upper heat exchange tube 41 and the lower heat exchange tube 42 respectively. Perform heat exchange, and finally exhaust from the flue gas exhaust port 3.
  • This embodiment mainly uses increased heat transfer temperature difference to improve heat transfer efficiency: the higher the temperature of the air, the more difficult it is to heat.
  • This embodiment ingeniously designs a high-temperature flue gas channel and an air heat exchange channel, and divides the air into two layers for heating.
  • the air exhaust port is arranged on the upper layer and the flue gas inlet is arranged on the top of the air preheater.
  • This arrangement enables the high temperature flue gas that has just entered the air preheater to heat the upper air, and the high temperature flue gas enters the lower layer after passing through the upper heat exchange tube
  • the heat exchange tube at this time, the residual heat of the flue gas continues to heat the lower layer of air, and the lower layer of air passes through the air transfer chamber 8 after being preheated to become the upper layer of air, and so on.
  • This embodiment adopts counter-flow heat exchange, so that the high-temperature flue gas that has just entered the heat exchange chamber 1 directly heats the preheated air, which increases the heat transfer temperature difference and more effectively recovers waste heat.
  • shell-and-tube air preheaters can well solve the problem of flue gas waste heat recovery, but the high-temperature flue gas produced by industry contains a large amount of dust or slag.
  • dust or slag is easy to adsorb or Adhering to the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, long-term accumulation of dust will reduce the heat exchange efficiency of the air preheater, and seriously affect the normal use of the air preheater.
  • this embodiment also includes an ash cleaning device 10, which includes a first drive plate 101, a second drive plate 102, and an ash cleaning ring 103 and the power mechanism 104, the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 are provided with a plurality of through holes 105, the heat exchange tube 4 is sleeved in the through holes 105, and the dust cleaning ring 103 is arranged on the first drive plate 101 and The second driving plates 102 are movably sleeved on the heat exchange tube 4.
  • the number of through holes 105 on the first drive plate 101 is the same as the number of heat exchange tubes 4
  • the number of through holes 105 on the second drive plate 102 is the same as the number of heat exchange tubes 4
  • both ends of the heat exchange tubes 4 are close to the power mechanism 104
  • a travel switch 106 is provided at each location.
  • the ash cleaning device 10 When installing the ash cleaning device 10, firstly, align the through hole 105 on the first drive plate 101 with the corresponding heat exchange tube 4, and sleeve the first drive plate 101 from one end of the heat exchange tube 4, and then remove the ash
  • the ring 103 is sleeved into the heat exchange tubes 4 one by one to ensure that each heat exchange tube 4 is covered with an ash cleaning ring 103.
  • the through hole 105 on the second drive plate 102 is aligned with the corresponding heat exchange tube 4, and One end of the heat exchange tube 4 is sleeved into the second drive plate 102 to ensure that the ash cleaning ring 103 is located between the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102.
  • the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 are combined by four shafts As a whole, finally, the power mechanism 104 is connected to the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 to ensure that the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 are driven by the power mechanism 104 to drive the ash cleaning ring 103 to change The outer wall of the heat pipe 4 moves.
  • the inner diameter of the ash cleaning ring 103 is greater than the diameter of the heat exchange tube 4, the outer diameter of the ash cleaning ring 103 is greater than the aperture of the through hole 105, and the ash cleaning ring 103 is strictly controlled between the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 , Not connected to the power mechanism 104, cannot move independently and regularly on the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 4, and can only be forced to move when the first drive plate 101 or the second drive plate 102 moves, so as to continuously scrape off the dust on the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 4 , To ensure the heat exchange efficiency of the air preheater.
  • the ash cleaning ring 103 is movably sleeved on the heat exchange tube 4. There is a gap of 1 to 3 mm between the ash cleaning ring 103 and the heat exchange tube 4. Even if the heat exchange tube 4 is bent, the ash cleaning ring 103 will not Will be stuck.
  • the heat exchange tube 4 is sleeved into the through holes 105 on the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102, there is a large gap between the through holes 105 and the heat exchange tube 4, the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102 It will not be stuck and fail due to the bending or deformation of the heat exchange tube 4.
  • the aperture of the through hole 105 is smaller than the outer diameter of the cleaning ring 103, and the specific shape and size of the aperture of the through hole 105 are not strictly required. , Simple processing and manufacturing.
  • the outer diameter of the cleaning ring 103 is 10-28 mm larger than the hole diameter of the through hole 105.
  • the power mechanism 104 includes a motor 1041, a sprocket 1042 and a chain 1043.
  • the sprocket 1042 is arranged at both ends of the chain 1043.
  • the chain 1043 is connected to the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate through the drive arm 1049. 102 is connected.
  • this embodiment sets the number of motors 1041 to 1.
  • the air preheater is provided with two power transmission shafts 1048 in the vertical direction of the drive plate movement, and power transmission shafts 1048 on both sides
  • One end is connected with a first reducer 1044
  • the first reducer 1044 is connected with the motor 1041
  • both ends of the power transmission shaft 1048 are equipped with angle converters 1045
  • the lower end of the angle converter 1045 is connected with a cross universal coupling 1046
  • the cross universal joint 1046 is provided with a second reducer 1047 near the sprocket 1042, and the second reducer 1047 is connected with the sprocket 1042.
  • the motor 1041 is decelerated by the first reducer 1044 and then outputs rotational power to the two ends of the first reducer 1044, and the power transmission shafts 1048 on both sides transmit the power to the angle converters 1045 at the two ends respectively, and then the power passes through the angle converters 1045. It is transmitted to the cross universal joint 1046. After receiving the driving force, the cross universal joint 1046 transmits the power to the sprocket 1042 through the second reducer 1047. After the sprocket 1042 rotates, the chain 1043 is pulled to move, and the chain 1043 is driven by The arm 1049 further drives the first drive plate 1 and the second drive plate 2 to move back and forth between the travel switches 106 to continuously remove dust on the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 4.
  • the power mechanism 104 drives the first driving board 101 and the second driving board 102, the first driving board 101 pushes the ash cleaning ring 103 to move to one end of the heat exchange tube 4, and the ash cleaning ring 103 scrapes the dust on the heat exchange tube 4 ;
  • the power mechanism 104 drives the first drive plate 101 and the second drive plate 102, and the second drive plate 102 pushes the ash cleaning ring 103 to the other end of the heat exchange tube 4, and the ash cleaning ring 103 scrapes off the heat exchange tube 4 dust;
  • the second drive plate 102 stops the movement when the ash cleaning ring 103 is moved to the travel switch 106 at the other end of the heat exchange tube 4;
  • the ash cleaning ring 103 is movably sleeved on the heat exchange tube 4 and arranged between the two drive plates. The movement of the drive plate drives the ash cleaning ring 103 to move back and forth on the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 4 to continuously scrape off.
  • the dust on the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 4 ensures the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tube 4, the structure is simple, and the design is ingenious.
  • the drive board is provided with a through hole 105, the diameter of the through hole 105 is smaller than the outer diameter of the ash cleaning ring 103.
  • the ash cleaning ring 103 is strictly controlled between the two drive plates to ensure the ash cleaning ring 103 Move with the movement of the drive plate.
  • each heat exchange tube 4 is covered with a ash-removing ring 103, and the ash-removing rings 103 do not interfere with each other.
  • the damage or failure of one ash-removing ring 103 will not affect the use and maintenance of other ash-removing rings 103. Simple, economical and practical.
  • the ash cleaning ring 103 is movably sleeved on the heat exchange tube 4. There is a gap of 1 to 3 mm between the ash cleaning ring 103 and the heat exchange tube 4. Even if the heat exchange tube 4 is bent, the ash cleaning ring 103 will not be damaged. Stuck, strong practicability.
  • the heat exchange tube 4 is sleeved into the through hole 105 on the drive plate. There is a large gap between the through hole 105 and the heat exchange tube 4, and the drive plate will not be jammed and failed due to the bending or deformation of the heat exchange tube 4. It is only necessary to ensure that the aperture of the through hole 105 is smaller than the outer diameter of the cleaning ring 103, the specific shape and size of the aperture of the through hole 105 are not strictly required, the design is reasonable, and the processing and manufacturing are simple.
  • this embodiment ingeniously designs the internal structure of the air preheater itself, and achieves the effect of enhancing heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer temperature difference.
  • the air preheater is provided with an ash cleaning device 10 to reduce the heat exchange tube 4 The phenomenon of dust accumulation further improves the heat exchange efficiency of the air preheater.
  • this embodiment includes three heat exchange chambers 1 connected side by side, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 4 horizontally run through the three heat exchange chambers 1, the two ends of the heat exchange tubes 4 and two adjacent heat exchanges
  • partitions 5 between the chambers 1, and the partitions 5 are provided with openings 51 corresponding to the number of heat exchange tubes 4, wherein the diameter of the openings 51 is not less than the diameter of the heat exchange tubes 4, and the heat exchange tubes 4 include
  • the upper heat exchange tube 41 and the lower heat exchange tube 42, the lower heat exchange tube 42 is provided with an air inlet 6 at one end, the upper heat exchange tube 41 is provided with an air outlet 7 at the same end, the lower heat exchange tube 42 and the upper
  • the other end of the heat exchange tube 41 is provided with an air transfer chamber 8, and the air inlet 6, the lower heat exchange tube 42, the air transfer chamber 8, the upper heat exchange tube 41 and the air exhaust port 7 constitute an air heat exchange channel.
  • the top of the heat exchange chamber 1 on the side of the air exhaust port 6 is provided with a flue gas inlet 2, and the bottom of the heat exchange chamber 1 on the side of the air transfer chamber 8 is provided with a flue gas outlet 3, and the top of the heat exchange chamber 1
  • a flue gas transfer chamber 9 is also provided at the bottom end.
  • the flue gas inlet 2, the heat exchange chamber 1, the flue gas transfer chamber 9 and the flue gas exhaust port 3 constitute a high-temperature flue gas channel.
  • This embodiment improves the turbulence effect of the flue gas by increasing the air flow rate and the number of heat exchange chambers 1.
  • This arrangement increases the tube pass of the high-temperature flue gas into the heat exchange chamber 1, and improves the heat transfer coefficient, that is, the tube Process to enhance heat transfer;

Abstract

一种自洁式空气预热器，包括换热室（1），换热室（1）的顶端设有烟气进气口（2），换热室（1）的底端设有烟气排气口（3），换热室（1）内水平方向设置多根换热管（4），换热管（4）两端均设有隔板（5），换热管（4）包括上层换热管（41）和下层换热管（42），下层换热管（42）的一端设有空气进气口（6），上层换热管（41）的同一端设有空气排气口（7），另一端设有空气中转室（8），还包括清灰装置（10），清灰装置（10）包括第一驱动板（101）、第二驱动板（102）、清灰环（103）和动力机构（104），第一驱动板（101）和第二驱动板（102）上均设有多个通孔（105），换热管（4）套入通孔（105）内，清灰环（103）活动地套设在换热管（4）上，设置清灰装置（10）减少了换热管（4）的积尘现象，进一步提高了空气预热器的换热效率。

Description

一种自洁式空气预热器 技术领域
本发明涉及换热器技术领域，具体涉及一种自洁式空气预热器。
背景技术
空气预热器种类多种多样，包括回旋式空气预热器、板式空气预热器和管壳式空气预热器等，其中管壳式空气预热器的理论研究和设计技术完善，运用可靠性良好，应用最为广泛。常见的管壳式空气预热器是利用工业生产中产生的高温烟气与空气进行热能置换，进而有效地回收烟气余热，达到能源再利用目的，但是，传统的管壳式空气预热器的换热效率不高，热量利用率低，废热回收效果一般。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提供了一种自洁式空气预热器，通过巧妙设置空气通道和烟气通道的结构，以及设置自动清灰装置，有效提高了管壳式空气预热器的换热效率。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种自洁式空气预热器，包括换热室，所述换热室的顶端设有烟气进气口，所述换热室的底端设有烟气排气口，所述烟气进气口、换热室和烟气排气口形成高温烟气通道；所述换热室内水平方向设置多根换热管，所述换热管两端均设有隔板，所述隔板上设有与换热管数量相对应的开孔，所述换热管包括上层换热管和下层换热管，所述下层换热管的一端设有空气进气口，所述上层换热管的同一端设有空气排气口，所述下层换热管和所述上层换热管的另一端设有空气中转室，所述空气进气口、下层换热管、空气中转室、上层换热管和空气排气口构成空气换热通道。
进一步地，所述换热室为多个且两两并排相连，换热管水平贯穿多个换热室，所述换热管包括上层换热管和下层换热管，所述下层换热管的一端设有空气进气口，所述上层换热管的同一端设有空气排气口，所述下层换热管和所述上层换热管的另一端设有所述空气中转室，所述相邻两个换热室之间设有所述隔板，所述换热室的顶端和底端设有烟气中转室，所述烟气进气口、换热室、烟气中转室和烟气排气口构成高温烟气通道。
进一步地，所述空气进气口、下层换热管、空气中转室、上层换热管和空气排气口构成空气换热通道。
优选地，所述开孔的孔径不小于所述换热管的直径。
进一步地，还包括清灰装置，所述清灰装置包括第一驱动板、第二驱动板、清灰环和动力机构，所述第一驱动板和所述第二驱动板上均设有多个通孔，所述换热管套入所述通孔内，所述清灰环设置在第一驱动板和所述第二驱动板之间且活动地套在所述换热管上，所述动力机构连接所述第一驱动板和所述第二驱动板，所述第一驱动板或所述第二驱动板在动力机构的驱动下，带动所述清灰环沿所述换热管的外壁运动。
进一步地，所述清灰环为多个，所述每根换热管上均套有所述清灰环。
进一步地，所述第一驱动板上通孔的数量与所述换热管的数量一致，所述第二驱动板上通孔的数量与所述换热管的数量一致。
进一步地，所述清灰环的内直径大于所述换热管的直径，所述清灰环的外直径大于所述通孔的孔径。
进一步地，所述换热管两端靠近所述动力机构处均设有行程开关。
进一步地，所述动力机构包括电机、链轮和链条，所述链轮设置在所述链条两端，所述链条上设有驱动臂，所述链条与所述第一驱动板、所述第二驱动板通过驱动臂连接。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明巧妙设计了高温烟气通道和空气换热通道，将空气分为两层加热，采用逆流式换热，使刚进入换热室的高温烟气直接加热已预热空气，增加传热温差，提高传热效率，更加有效地回收废热。
2、空气预热器上设置了清灰装置，减少换热管的积尘现象，进一步提高空气预热器的换热效率。
3、设置多个换热室和烟气中转室，换热室之间两两并排相连，同时增加空气流速，提高烟气的湍流效果，这种设置增加了高温烟气进入换热室的管程，提高了传热系数，进而提高空气预热器的换热效率。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图。
图2是实施例1的部分结构示意图。
图3是图2结构的侧视图。
图4是图2结构的爆炸图。
图5是带有清灰装置的空气预热器结构示意图。
图6是带有清灰装置的空气预热器侧视图。
图7是图6标示部分的放大图。
图8是带有清灰装置的空气预热器俯视图。
图9是换热管与驱动板的组合图。
图10是驱动板和清灰环的结构示意图。
图11是驱动板的结构示意图。
图12是动力机构的结构示意图之一。
图13是动力机构的结构示意图之二。
图14是实施例2的结构示意图。
图中1.换热室、2.烟气进气口、3.烟气排气口、4.换热管、41.上层换热管、42.下层换热管、5.隔板、51.开孔、6.空气进气口、7.空气排气口、8.空气中转室、9.烟气中转室、10.清灰装置、101.第一驱动板、102.第二驱动板、103.清灰环、104.动力机构、1041.电机、1042.链轮、1043.链条、1044.第一减速器、1045.角转换器、1046.十字万向联轴器、1047.第二减速器、1048.两侧动力传动轴、1049.驱动臂、1050.链条盒、105.通孔、106.行程开关。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图与实施例，对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
如图1-4所示，自洁式空气预热器包括换热室1，换热室1的顶端设有烟气进气口2，换热室1的底端设有烟气排气口3，烟气进气口2、换热室1和烟气排气口3形成高温烟气通道。换热室1内水平方向设置多根换热管4，换热管4两端均设有隔板5，隔板5上设有与换热管4数量相对应的开孔51，其中开孔51的孔径不小于换热管4的直径，换热管4包括上层换热管41和下层换热管42，下层换热管42的一端设有空气进气口6，上层换热管41的同一端设有空气排气口7，下层换热管42和上层换热管41的另一端设有空气中转室8，空气进气口6、下层换热管42、空气中转室8、上层换热管41和空气排气口7构成空气换热通道。
换热过程：
结合图1中箭头的指向，空气从空气进气口6进入下层换热管42，进而流入空气中转室8，经空气中转室8后进入上层换热管41，最后从空气排气口7流出。与此同时，高温烟气从烟气进气口2进入换热室1内，依次经过上层换热管41和下层换热管42，分别与上层换热管41和下层换热管42的空气进行热交换，最后从烟气排气口3排出。
换热原理：
空气预热器强化传热主要有三种途径，分别是提高传热系数、增加传热温差和扩大传热面积。
本实施例主要是利用增加传热温差来提高传热效率的：空气的温度越高越难加热，本实施例巧妙设计了高温烟气通道和空气换热通道，将空气分为两层加热，空气排气口设在上层且烟气进气口设在空气预热器顶端，该设置使刚进入空气预热器内的高温烟气加热上层空气，高温烟气经上层换热管后进入下层换热管，此时烟气余热继续加热下层空气，而下层空气经预热后，穿过空气中转室8后成为上层空气，如此循环。本实施例采用逆流式换热，使刚进入换热室1的高温烟气直接加热已预热空气，增加传热温差，更加有效地回收废热。
使用管壳式空气预热器能够很好地解决烟气余热回收的问题，但是工业产生的高温烟气都含有大量的粉尘或碎渣，在余热回收过程中，粉尘或碎渣很容易吸附或粘附在换热管外壁，长时间的粉尘积累会降低空气预热器的换热效率，严重影响空气预热器的正常使用。
如图5-11所示，为了进一步提高空气预热器的换热效率，本实施例还包括清灰装置10，清灰装置10包括第一驱动板101、第二驱动板102、清灰环103和动力机构104，第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102上均设有多个通孔105，换热管4套入通孔105内，清灰环103设置在第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102之间且活动地套在换热管4上。第一驱动板101上通孔105的数量与换热管4的数量一致，第二驱动板102上通孔105的数量与换热管4的数量一致，换热管4两端靠近动力机构104处均设有行程开关106。
安装清灰装置10时，首先，将第一驱动板101上的通孔105对准相应的换热管4，并从换热管4的一端套入第一驱动板101，然后，将清灰环103逐个套入换热管4，保证每根换热管4上都套有清灰环103，之后，将第二驱动板102上的通孔105对准相应的换热管4，并从换 热管4的一端套入第二驱动板102，保证清灰环103处于第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102之间，第一驱动板101与第二驱动板102通过四根轴组合成一个整体，最后，使动力机构104连接第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102，保证第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102在动力机构104的驱动下，带动清灰环103沿换热管4外壁运动。
由图6-7可知，清灰环103为多个，每根换热管4外壁都套有一个清灰环103，各个清灰环103之间互不干扰，因此，一个清灰环103的损坏或失灵不会影响其他清灰环103的使用。清灰环103的内直径大于换热管4的直径，清灰环103的外直径大于通孔105的孔径，清灰环103被严格控制在第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102之间，不与动力机构104连接，不能在换热管4外壁独立规律运动，只能在第一驱动板101或第二驱动板102运动时被迫移动，从而不断刮落换热管4外壁的灰尘，保证空气预热器的换热效率。
图7中，清灰环103活动套在换热管4上，清灰环103与换热管4之间存在1～3mm的空隙，即使换热管4出现弯曲情况，清灰环103也不会被卡住。换热管4套入第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102上的通孔105内，通孔105与换热管4间存在较大的空隙，第一驱动板101和第二驱动板102不会因为换热管4的弯曲或变形而被卡住失效，只需保证通孔105的孔径比清灰环103的外直径小即可，对通孔105孔径的具体形状和尺寸要求不严格，加工制造简单。作为优选，清灰环103的外直径比通孔105的孔径大10～28mm。
从图12-13可以看出，动力机构104包括电机1041、链轮1042和链条1043，链轮1042设置在链条1043两端，链条1043通过驱动臂1049与第一驱动板101、第二驱动板102连接，为了优化动力机构104的结构，本实施例设置电机1041的数量为1个，空气预热器在驱动板运动的垂直方向设有两侧动力传动轴1048，两侧动力传动轴1048的一端连接有第一减速器1044，第一减速器1044与电机1041连接，两侧动力传动轴1048的两端均设有角转换器1045，角转换器1045下端连接有十字万向联轴器1046，十字万向联轴器1046在靠近链轮1042处设有第二减速器1047，第二减速器1047与链轮1042连接。
动力机构104驱动驱动板的过程：
电机1041经第一减速器1044减速后向第一减速器1044两端输出旋转动力，并由两侧动力传动轴1048将动力分别传到两端的角转换器1045，之后，动力通过角转换器1045传递到十字万向联轴器1046，十字万向联轴器1046接收到驱动力后通过第二减速器1047将动力输送至链轮1042，链轮1042旋转后拉动链条1043运动，链条1043通过驱动臂1049进一步带动第一驱动板1和第二驱动板2在行程开关106之间往返运动，不断除去换热管4外壁的灰尘。
利用上述清灰装置10对换热管4进行清灰的步骤如下：
S1：动力机构104驱动第一驱动板101与第二驱动板102，第一驱动板101推动清灰环103向换热管4的一端运动，清灰环103刮去换热管4上的灰尘；
S2：第一驱动板101推动清灰环103移动到换热管4一端的行程开关106时停止运动；
S3：动力机构104驱动第一驱动板101与第二驱动板102，第二驱动板102推动清灰环103向换热管4的另一端运动，清灰环103刮去换热管4上的灰尘；
S4：第二驱动板102推动清灰环103移动到换热管4另一端的行程开关106时停止运动；
S5：重复上述步骤。
上述清灰装置10达到的有益效果：
1、清灰环103活动套在换热管4上，并设置在两个驱动板之间，通过驱动板的移动，以带动清灰环103在换热管4外壁作往返运动，不断刮落换热管4外壁上的灰尘，保证换热管4的换热效率，结构简单，设计巧妙。
2、驱动板上设置通孔105，通孔105的孔径小于清灰环103的外直径，在清灰过程中，将清灰环103严格控制在两个驱动板之间，保证清灰环103随着驱动板的移动而移动。
3、每根换热管4外壁都套有一个清灰环103，各个清灰环103之间互不干扰，一个清灰环103的损坏或失灵不会影响其他清灰环103的使用，维修简单，经济实用。
4、清灰环103活动套在换热管4上，清灰环103与换热管4之间存在1～3mm的空隙，即使换热管4出现弯曲情况，清灰环103也不会被卡住，实用性强。
5、换热管4套入驱动板上的通孔105，通孔105与换热管4间存在较大的空隙，驱动板不会因为换热管4的弯曲或变形而被卡住失效，只需保证通孔105的孔径小于清灰环103的外直径即可，对通孔105孔径的具体形状和尺寸不严格要求，设计合理，加工制造简单。
综上，本实施例巧妙设计空气预热器本身的内部结构，通过增大传热温差达到强化传热的效果，此外，在空气预热器上设置清灰装置10，减少换热管4的积尘现象，进一步提高了空气预热器的换热效率。
实施例2
如图14所示，本实施例包括3个换热室1且两两并排相连，多根换热管4水平贯穿3个换热室1，换热管4两端和相邻两个换热室1之间均设有隔板5，隔板5上设有与换热管4数量相对应的开孔51，其中开孔51的孔径不小于换热管4的直径，换热管4包括上层换热管41和下层换热管42，下层换热管42的一端设有空气进气口6，上层换热管41的同一端设有空气排气口7，下层换热管42和上层换热管41的另一端设有空气中转室8，空气进气口6、下层换热管42、空气中转室8、上层换热管41和空气排气口7构成空气换热通道。
空气排气口6一侧的换热室1顶端设有烟气进气口2，空气中转室8一侧的换热室1底端设有烟气排气口3，换热室1的顶端和底端还设有烟气中转室9，烟气进气口2、换热室1、烟气中转室9和烟气排气口3构成高温烟气通道。
换热过程：
结合图1中箭头的指向，空气从空气进气口6进入下层换热管42，进而流入空气中转室8，经空气中转室8后进入上层换热管41，最后从空气排气口7流出。与此同时，结合图14中箭头的指向，高温烟气从烟气进气口2进入换热室1内，与换热管4内的空气进行热交换，途径换热室1底端和顶端的烟气中转室9以及多个换热室1，最后从烟气排气口排出。
换热原理：
本实施例是利用提高传热系数和增加传热温差两个技术途径来提高传热效率的：
1、本实施例通过增加空气流速和换热室1的数量，提高烟气的湍流效果，这种设置增大了高温烟气进入换热室1的管程，提高了传热系数，即管程强化传热；
2、空气的温度越高越难加热，本实施例巧妙设计了高温烟气通道和空气换热通道，将空气分为两层加热，空气排气口设在上层且烟气进气口设在空气预热器顶端，该设置使刚进入空气预热器内的高温烟气加热上层空气。本实施例采用逆流式换热，使刚进入换 热室1的高温烟气直接加热已预热空气，增加传热温差，更加有效地回收废热。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、同等替换和改进等，均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自洁式空气预热器，包括换热室(1)，其特征在于：
    所述换热室(1)的顶端设有烟气进气口(2)，所述换热室(1)的底端设有烟气排气口(3)，所述烟气进气口(2)、换热室(1)和烟气排气口(3)形成高温烟气通道；
    所述换热室(1)内水平方向设置多根换热管(4)，所述换热管(4)两端均设有隔板(5)，所述隔板(5)上设有与换热管(4)数量相对应的开孔(51)，所述换热管(4)包括上层换热管(41)和下层换热管(42)，所述下层换热管(42)的一端设有空气进气口(6)，所述上层换热管(41)的同一端设有空气排气口(7)，所述下层换热管(42)和所述上层换热管(41)的另一端设有空气中转室(8)，所述空气进气口(6)、下层换热管(42)、空气中转室(8)、上层换热管(41)和空气排气口(7)构成空气换热通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述换热室(1)为多个且两两并排相连，换热管(4)水平贯穿多个换热室(1)，所述换热管(4)包括上层换热管(41)和下层换热管(42)，所述下层换热管(42)的一端设有空气进气口(6)，所述上层换热管(41)的同一端设有空气排气口(7)，所述下层换热管(42)和所述上层换热管(41)的另一端设有所述空气中转室(8)，所述相邻两个换热室(1)之间设有所述隔板(5)，所述换热室(1)的顶端和底端设有烟气中转室(9)，所述烟气进气口(2)、换热室(1)、烟气中转室(9)和烟气排气口(3)构成高温烟气通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述空气进气口(6)、下层换热管(42)、空气中转室(8)、上层换热管(41)和空气排气口(7)构成空气换热通道。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述开孔(51)的孔径不小于所述换热管(4)的直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：还包括清灰装置(10)，所述清灰装置(10)包括第一驱动板(101)、第二驱动板(102)、清灰环(103)和动力机构(104)，所述第一驱动板(101)和所述第二驱动板(102)上均设有多个通孔(105)，所述换热管(4)套入所述通孔(105)内，所述清灰环(103)设置在第一驱动板(101)和所述第二驱动板(102)之间且活动地套在所述换热管(4)上，所述动力机构(104)连接所述第一驱动板(101)和所述第二驱动板(102)，所述第一驱动板(101)或所述第二驱动板(102)在动力机构(104)的驱动下，带动所述清灰环(103)沿所述换热管(4)的外壁运动。
  6. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述清灰环(103)为多个，所述每根换热管(4)上均套有所述清灰环(103)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述第一驱动板(101)上通孔(105)的数量与所述换热管(4)的数量一致，所述第二驱动板(102)上通孔(105)的数量与所述换热管(4)的数量一致。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述清灰环(103)的内直径大于所述换热管(4)的直径，所述清灰环(103)的外直径大于所述通孔(105)的孔径。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述换热管(4)两端靠近所述动力机构(104)处均设有行程开关(106)。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自洁式空气预热器，其特征在于：所述动力机构(104)包括电机(1041)、链轮(1042)和链条(1043)，所述链轮(1042)设置在所述链条(1043)两端，所述链条(1043)上设有驱动臂(1049)，所述链条(1043)与所述第一驱动板(101)、所述第二驱 动板(102)通过驱动臂(1049)连接。
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