WO2021171675A1 - 水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021171675A1 WO2021171675A1 PCT/JP2020/036889 JP2020036889W WO2021171675A1 WO 2021171675 A1 WO2021171675 A1 WO 2021171675A1 JP 2020036889 W JP2020036889 W JP 2020036889W WO 2021171675 A1 WO2021171675 A1 WO 2021171675A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- group
- catalyst
- producing hydrogen
- weight
- Prior art date
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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Abstract
Description
本開示の他の目的は、再生可能資源を原料として、効率よく水素を生成させる水素製造装置を提供することにある。
本開示の他の目的は、再生可能資源を原料として生成した水素を燃料として利用する発電装置を提供することにある。
本開示の他の目的は、再生可能資源を原料として生成した水素を燃料として利用する自動車を提供することにある。
本開示の他の目的は、再生可能資源を原料として生成させた水素を利用して、有機化合物を還元する方法を提供することにある。
触媒:第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む
以上のとおり、前記水素の製造方法を利用すれば、環境に負荷をかけることなくエネルギーを確保することができるので、前記水素の製造方法は、持続可能なエネルギー社会の実現に資するものである。
本開示の製造方法は、溶媒及び下記触媒の存在下、糖類から水素を生成する方法である。
触媒:第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む
前記糖類は、複数の単糖がグリコシド結合によって重合してなる化合物である。そして、前記単糖には、例えば、グルコース、マンノース、キシロース、ガラクトース、N-アセチルグルコサミン、N-アセチルガラクトサミン、フコース等が挙げられる。
前記触媒は、第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む。
1.芳香族炭化水素系配位子又は脂環式炭化水素系配位子(特に、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル(Cp*)、シクロペンタジエニル(Cp)、p-シメン、及び1,5-シクロオクタジエンから選択される少なくとも1種の配位子)と、N-ヘテロ環系配位子を組み合わせて含む
2.芳香族炭化水素系配位子又は脂環式炭化水素系配位子(特に、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル(Cp*)、シクロペンタジエニル(Cp)、p-シメン、及び1,5-シクロオクタジエンから選択される少なくとも1種の配位子)と、クロロ(Cl-)とを組み合わせて含む
前記溶媒は、糖類と触媒の少なくとも一部を溶解する溶媒であればよい。前記溶媒としては、例えば、水;有機酸;イオン液体;ジメチルスルホキシド;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド系溶媒;メタノール、エタノールなどのアルコール系溶媒;酢酸エチルなどのエステル系溶媒;テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル系溶媒;トルエン、ベンゼン、シクロヘキサンなどの炭化水素;塩化メチレン、ジクロロエタンなどのハロゲン系溶媒等が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本開示の製造方法は、上記触媒及び上記溶媒の存在下、上記糖類から水素を生成するものである。尚、基質としての糖類には、リグニン-糖類複合体が含まれる。
本開示の水素製造装置は、上記水素の製造方法により水素を製造する機能を備える。
本開示の発電装置は、上記水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を利用して発電する装置である。
本開示の自動車は、前記発電装置を備える。前記自動車は、より詳細には、上記水素の製造方法により水素を製造する機能と、得られた水素を利用して発電する機能とを備える。前記自動車は、更に、電気エネルギーを利用して駆動する機能を備える。
本開示の有機化合物の水素化物の製造方法は、上記水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を還元剤として使用して、触媒の存在下で有機化合物を還元して、前記有機化合物の水素化物を製造するものである。
例えば有機化合物がアルケンの場合、有機化合物の水素化物は、アルケンに対応するアルカンである。
例えば有機化合物がアルキンの場合、有機化合物の水素化物は、アルキンに対応するアルケン及び/又はアルカンである。
例えば有機化合物がケトン(R-CO-R’;R,R’は同一又は異なって、炭化水素基を示す)の場合、有機化合物の水素化物は第2級アルコール(R-CHOH-R’;R,R’は前記に同じ)である。
例えば有機化合物がアルデヒド(R”-CO-H;R”は水素原子又は炭化水素基を示す)の場合、有機化合物の水素化物は第1級アルコール(R”-CH2-OH;R”は前記に同じ)である。
錯体Cp*イリジウムトリスアクア錯体[Cp*Ir(H2O)3](OTf)2 0.60モルを水12mLに溶かし、室温で6,6'-ジヒドロキシ-2,2'-ビピリジン0.60モルを加えて30分間撹拌した。水を留去して、下記式(c1-I)で示される触媒(1)([Cp*Ir(6,6'-ジヒドロキシ-2,2'-ビピリジン)(H2O)](OTf)2錯体)を得た。
二口ナスフラスコ(容量:30mL)に、イオン液体としての1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム アセテート(5.0g)を仕込み、30分間真空乾燥させた。
その後、この容器内の空気をアルゴンガスに置換してから、セルロース(1.0g、グルコース単位として6.2ミリモル)を容器に仕込み、100℃で30分間撹拌した。
続いて、調製例1で得られた触媒(1)(1.0モル%、51mg、金属元素換算量12mg)と水(1.0g)を容器に加え、135℃のオイルバスで加熱して溶媒を還流させた状態にて24時間撹拌した。
上記反応で発生したガスを、ガスビュレット(最大容量:500mL)に捕集してその体積を計測すると共に、ガスクロマトグラフ分析を行って、生成した水素の純度及び収率を算出した。
尚、収率は、セルロースを構成するグルコース1単位あたり1分子の水素が発生した場合を100%として計算した。
反応容器とガスビュレットとの間に、10モル/LのNaOH水溶液を入れたトラップを設けた以外は実施例1と同様に行った。
その結果、トラップに二酸化炭素が捕捉され、ガスビュレットには純度の高い水素が80mL捕集できた(収率:53%)。水素の収率は、トラップを設けない時(すなわち、実施例1)の水素の収率とほぼ同じであった。
イオン液体と水の使用量を下記表1に記載の通り変更した以外は実施例1と同様に行った。
ボールミル粉砕したスギ木粉(100mg)を、80%(v/v)ギ酸(10mL)に完全に溶解させた。そこに、調製例1で得られた触媒(1)(13mg、金属元素換算量3mg)を加えて、100℃で1時間反応させた。その結果、450mLの水素が発生した。
スギ木粉に代えてユーカリ木粉を使用し、反応温度を90℃に変更した以外は実施例7と同様にした。その結果、600mLの水素が発生した。
二口ナスフラスコ(容量:30mL)に、イオン液体としての1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム アセテート([BMIM][OAc])(5.0g)を仕込み、30分間真空乾燥させた。
その後、この容器内の空気をアルゴンガスに置換してから、結晶セルロース(粒径:50μm以下、商品名「Avicel PH-101」、SIGMA-ALDRICH, Co.)1.0g、グルコース単位として6.2ミリモル)を容器に仕込み、100℃で30分間撹拌した。
続いて、触媒として、塩化イリジウム(III)・水和物(1.0モル%;金属元素換算量)と水(0.50mL)を容器に加え、135℃のオイルバスで加熱して溶媒を還流させた状態にて24時間撹拌した。
上記反応で発生したガスを、10モル/LのNaOH水溶液中にバブリングさせて、ガス中の二酸化炭素をトラップした後、ガスビュレット(最大容量:500mL)に捕集してその体積を計測した。また、ガスクロマトグラフ分析を行って、生成した水素の収率を算出した。
反応条件を下記表2に記載の通り変更した以外は実施例9と同様に行った。比較例1では触媒を使用せずに反応を行った。
[Ir(cod)Cl2]2:ビス(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)ジイリジウム(I)ジクロリド
[Cp*IrCl2]2:(ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル)イリジウム(III)ジクロリド (ダイマー)
[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2:(p-シメン)ルテニウム(II)ジクロリド (ダイマー)
[Cp*RhCl2]2:(ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル)ロジウム(III)ジクロリド (ダイマー)
<イオン液体>
[EMIM][OAc]:1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム アセテート
反応条件を下記表3に記載の通り変更した以外は実施例11と同様に行った。
反応条件を下記表4に記載の通り変更した以外は実施例11と同様に行った。
実施例11と同様の方法で水素を生成した。
トリス(トリフェニルホスフィン)ロジウム(I)クロリド(5.0モル%)、ベンゼン(5.0mL)の存在下、生成した水素(3.7ミリモル)と1-デセン(10.0ミリモル)を60℃で反応させた。その結果、デカン(3.5ミリモル、水素を基準とした収率95%)が得られた。
実施例11と同様の方法で水素を発生させた。発生したガスは、二酸化炭素を除去することなく、ガスタンク内に捕集した。ガスタンク内の水素を、LEDに連結したPEM燃料電池に注入した。その結果、LEDが発光した。
実施例11と同様の方法で水素を発生させた。発生したガスは、二酸化炭素を除去することなく、ガスタンク内に捕集した。ガスタンク内の水素を、モーターに連結したPEM燃料電池に注入した。その結果、モーターが回転した。
[1] 溶媒及び下記触媒の存在下、糖類から水素を生成する、水素の製造方法。
触媒:第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む
[2] 前記触媒が第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素の錯体又は塩である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[3] 前記触媒が、第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素と、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル、シクロペンタジエニル、p-シメン、及び1,5-シクロオクタジエンから選択される少なくとも1種の配位子とを備える錯体である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[4] 前記触媒が、式(c1)、式(c2)、式(c3)、式(c4)、式(c3’)、及び式(c4’)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[5] 前記触媒が、式(c1)又は式(c2)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[6] 前記触媒が、式(c3)、式(c4)、式(c3’)、及び式(c4’)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[7] 前記触媒が、式(c1-1)、式(c1-1’)、式(c1-1”)、式(c1-2)、及び式(c1-2’)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、[1]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[8] 前記溶媒が有機酸及びイオン液体から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、[1]~[7]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[9] 前記溶媒がイオン液体と水を含み、水の含有量が、イオン液体と水の合計重量の1~20重量%である、[1]~[8]の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
[10] 前記有機酸及びイオン液体の合計使用量が、糖類の使用量の3~300重量倍である、[8]又は[9]に記載の水素の製造方法。
[11] 前記イオン液体がイミダゾリウムカチオン塩を含む、[8]~[10]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[12] イオン液体が、式(i)で表されるイミダゾリウム塩である、[8]~[10]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[13] イオン液体を構成するアニオンがアセテートアニオンである、[8]~[12]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[14] 前記糖類がセルロースである、[1]~[13]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[15] 前記糖類がリグニン-糖類複合体である、[1]~[14]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[16] 水素と共に生成した二酸化炭素を、塩基と反応させて除去する工程を含む、[1]~[15]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法。
[17] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造する機能を備える水素製造装置。
[18] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を利用して発電する機能を備える、発電装置。
[19] [18]に記載の発電装置を備えた自動車
[20] [18]に記載の発電装置を備えた燃料電池自動車。
[21] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法により得られた水素を利用して発電する燃料電池。
[22] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を還元剤として使用して、金属触媒の存在下で有機化合物を還元して、前記有機化合物の水素化物を製造する、有機化合物の水素化物の製造方法。
従って、前記水素の製造方法によれば、環境負荷を低減しつつエネルギーを確保することができ、持続可能なエネルギー社会を実現することができる。
Claims (14)
- 溶媒及び下記触媒の存在下、糖類から水素を生成する、水素の製造方法。
触媒:第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む - 前記触媒が第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素の錯体又は塩である、請求項1に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記触媒が、第8族、第9族、及び第10族から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素と、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル、シクロペンタジエニル、p-シメン、及び1,5-シクロオクタジエンから選択される少なくとも1種の配位子とを備える錯体である、請求項1に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒が有機酸及びイオン液体から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記有機酸及びイオン液体の合計使用量が、糖類の使用量の3~300重量倍である、請求項4に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒がイオン液体と水を含み、水の含有量が、イオン液体と水の合計重量の1~20重量%である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記イオン液体がイミダゾリウムカチオン塩を含む、請求項4~6の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記糖類がリグニン-糖類複合体である、請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 前記糖類がセルロースである、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 水素と共に生成した二酸化炭素を、塩基と反応させて除去する工程を含む、請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造する機能を備える水素製造装置。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を利用して発電する機能を備える、発電装置。
- 請求項12に記載の発電装置を備えた自動車。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の水素の製造方法により水素を製造し、得られた水素を還元剤として使用して、金属触媒の存在下で有機化合物を還元して、前記有機化合物の水素化物を製造する、有機化合物の水素化物の製造方法。
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US17/801,530 US20230098199A1 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-09-29 | Method of producing hydrogen |
CN202080097598.4A CN115190865A (zh) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-09-29 | 氢的制备方法 |
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