WO2021169728A1 - 一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2021169728A1
WO2021169728A1 PCT/CN2021/074335 CN2021074335W WO2021169728A1 WO 2021169728 A1 WO2021169728 A1 WO 2021169728A1 CN 2021074335 W CN2021074335 W CN 2021074335W WO 2021169728 A1 WO2021169728 A1 WO 2021169728A1
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parts
seedlings
seedling tray
machine
rice
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PCT/CN2021/074335
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋敏
孙建军
沈新平
郭柯凡
黄丽芬
戴其根
霍中洋
刘世平
许轲
庄恒扬
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扬州大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seedling tray, in particular to a seedling tray for strong rice seedlings and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Rice is China's largest food crop.
  • the machine-transplanted rice seedling technology can greatly improve production efficiency and is conducive to large-scale large-scale planting. This is the development trend of my country's rice production.
  • One of the key links of mechanical transplanting of seedlings is the cultivation of strong seedlings in the early stage. In local production, the top soil of the farmland was used to prepare nutrient soil for raising seedlings. This has caused problems such as the destruction of the soil in the arable layer, the consumption of soil resources by the production of seedlings has been increasing, and the problem of seedling diseases in the process of seedlings has become increasingly serious.
  • the use of matrix instead of nutrient soil to raise seedlings can reduce the damage to the soil layer by taking soil and prevent disease transmission, effectively solving the problems caused by nutrient soil raising seedlings.
  • the substrate has high production cost, light weight, large pores, poor water retention capacity, and is not resistant to washing. During the substrate production process, insufficient fermentation and uneven mixing are prone to problems. There are still high substrate use costs and low safety in the process of raising seedlings. Insufficient fertility in the later stage leads to problems such as low seedling quality and poor seedling packing.
  • seedling trays must be used in the process of growing seedlings in conventional nutrient soil and substrate.
  • the purchase, placement, cleaning, handling, and loss of seedling trays have greatly increased the labor, capital and space requirements of machine-transplanted seedlings and affected the rice machinery. Further promotion of seedling transplanting technology. Therefore, it is urgent to improve and optimize the use of existing seedling substrates and seedling trays, invent an efficient, cost-saving, and environmentally friendly method for manufacturing seedling substrates and seedling trays integrated with machine-transplanted seedlings, and study its supporting systems.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a matrix seedling tray for cultivating machine-transplanted rice strong seedlings and a manufacturing method thereof, which not only realizes the recycling and reuse of wastes, but also saves the cost of raising rice seedlings and protects the cultivated layer of farmland from damage.
  • a substrate-type seedling tray for cultivating machine-transplanted rice strong seedlings and a manufacturing method thereof includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:
  • the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
  • Drying Dry in an oven, take it out after cooling, and obtain a seedling tray.
  • it also contains 0.4-0.6 parts of xanthan gum, 0.4-0.6 parts of agricultural sulfur, 0.4-0.6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.2-0.4 parts of superphosphate, and 0.1-0.3 parts of potassium chloride.
  • 12 parts of mushroom residue As a further limitation of the present invention, 12 parts of mushroom residue; 6 parts of straw; 1 part of degradable papermaking fiber; 1 part of nutrient agar; 0.5 part of xanthan gum; 0.5 part of agricultural sulfur; 0.5 part of ammonium sulfate; 0.3 part of superphosphate ; 0.2 parts of potassium chloride; 6.7 parts of water.
  • the length of the mushroom residue and straw is 0.5-1.0 cm.
  • the mold in step 3 has a length of 58 ⁇ 2 cm and a width of 28 ⁇ 2 cm, the diameter of the circular holes is 0.7 cm, and the holes are arranged at 18*38, and the distance between the circular holes is 0.8 cm.
  • the temperature of the oven in step 5 is 105 ⁇ 5°C, and the drying time is 3 hours.
  • Mushroom residue the main raw material of seedling tray, which provides substrate and organic fertilizer source for seedling growth;
  • Degradable papermaking fiber bonding straw and mushroom residue
  • Xanthan gum assists in the formation of seedling trays, facilitates the compaction of the seedling trays, and prevents the seedling trays from becoming loose during later use;
  • Nutrient agar is conducive to the growth of seedling roots
  • Sulfur for agriculture adjust the pH value of the seedling tray to a suitable range for the growth of rice;
  • Ammonium sulfate increase available nitrogen nutrients, which is conducive to the growth of seedlings
  • Superphosphate increase available phosphorus nutrients, which is beneficial to the growth of seedlings
  • Potassium chloride increase available potassium nutrients, which is beneficial to the growth of seedlings.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Invented a seedling raising method that does not require plastic seedling trays, effectively reducing the cost of raising seedlings, and at the same time turning agricultural waste into treasure, recycling, and protecting Environment; (2) The invention integrates the treatment of seedling trays, substrates, nutrients and other materials, which is beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings and save labor. The cost of raising seedlings per tray is saved by 1 yuan, which provides technical support and guarantee for large-scale rice production.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling tray prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the mold in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the first physical map of the seedling tray structure made by the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the second physical figure of the seedling tray structure prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a physical diagram of the seedling tray in use state produced by the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the seedlings grown on the seedling tray and the seedlings grown on the existing nutrient soil.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the seedlings grown on the seedling tray and the seedlings grown on the existing commercial substrate.
  • 1 seedling tray 1 seedling tray, 2 round holes.
  • a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating strong rice seedlings for transplanting by a machine includes the following raw materials by weight: 330g mushroom residue; 150g straw; 15g degradable papermaking fiber; 15g nutrient agar; xanthan gum 12g, agricultural sulfur 12g, ammonium sulfate 12g, superphosphate 6g, potassium chloride 3g; water 180g;
  • the length of the mushroom residue and straw is 0.5-1.0 cm.
  • a preparation method of a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating machine-transplanted rice strong seedlings comprising the following steps:
  • Drying Drying in an oven, the temperature of the oven is 105 ⁇ 5°C, and the drying time is 3 hours. After cooling, take it out to obtain a seedling tray.
  • a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating strong rice seedlings for transplanting by a machine includes the following raw materials by weight: 360g mushroom residue; 180g straw; 30g degradable papermaking fiber; 30g nutrient agar; xanthan gum 15g, agricultural sulfur 15g, ammonium sulfate 15g, superphosphate 9g, potassium chloride 6g; water 200g;
  • the length of the mushroom residue and straw is 0.5-1.0 cm.
  • a preparation method of a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating machine-transplanted rice strong seedlings comprising the following steps:
  • Drying Drying in an oven, the temperature of the oven is 105 ⁇ 5°C, and the drying time is 3 hours. After cooling, take it out to obtain a seedling tray.
  • a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating strong rice seedlings for planting by a machine includes the following raw materials by weight: 390g mushroom residue; 210g straw; 45g degradable papermaking fiber; 45g nutrient agar; xanthan gum 18g, agricultural sulfur 18g, ammonium sulfate 18g, superphosphate 12g, potassium chloride 9g; water 210g;
  • the length of the mushroom residue and straw is 0.5-1.0 cm.
  • a preparation method of a matrix type seedling tray for cultivating machine-transplanted rice strong seedlings comprising the following steps:
  • Drying Drying in an oven, the temperature of the oven is 105 ⁇ 5°C, and the drying time is 3 hours. After cooling, take it out to obtain a seedling tray.
  • the substrate tray seedlings made by conventional rice field plough layer soil seedling growing in Comparative Example 2 was sown on May 26, 2019, and the dry seeds fell, and each treatment was sown 6 trays, repeated 3 times. A sample was taken for determination on June 16. For each treatment, 40 plants were taken to test the quality of seedlings, mainly to determine the emergence rate, plant height, leaf age, stem base width, leaf area per plant, SPAD value of two-leaf leaves, number of roots, total root length, root volume, and determination after drying The dry weight of the aboveground part and underground part of Baimiao.
  • the seedlings grown on the substrate tray are significantly better than the seedlings grown on the nutrient soil.
  • the nutrient soil is mainly prepared by sieving fine soil for machine-transplanting seedlings.
  • the quality of the seedlings produced by the method of the patent is higher than that of the cultivated soil of the paddy field. At the same time, it saves labor and costs, improves work efficiency, and preliminarily solves the need for machine-transplanted seedlings.
  • Seedlings are grown on a commercial substrate used on a large scale in production and a substrate made in accordance with the method of the patent, and transplanted to the field to investigate the yield of rice.
  • Ordinary substrate seedlings use machine-transplanted plastic floppy disks with a size of 58cm ⁇ 28cm, and the sowing amount per plate is 120g of dry rice seeds.
  • the size of the field machine plug is 30cm ⁇ 12cm, repeated 3 times, and arranged in random blocks. It can be seen from Table 3 that the content of available N, P, and K nutrients in the substrate plate is higher than that of the commercial substrate, so the seedling effect is better.
  • Seedlings and rice are half harvested, and the improvement of seedling quality has a significant contribution to yield. From the analysis of yield components, the number of effective panicles and the total number of grains per panicle in the late stage of the substrate tray seedlings were significantly higher, and the difference in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight was not significant. It can be seen that improving the quality of seedlings can slow down the slow seedling period of machine-transplanted seedlings, increase the tillering ability, increase the number of panicles, and then increase the yield.
  • the seedlings produced by the substrate tray are significantly better than those produced by the commercial substrates.
  • the substrate tray produced by the patent method not only has cheap and easy-to-obtain materials, but also turns waste into treasure, reuses materials, and benefits the society. At the same time, it effectively solves the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention capacity of the current commercial substrates, frequent watering, resulting in fertilizer loss, seedlings easy to lose fertilizer and yellowing, slow growth, and poor seedling quality.

Abstract

一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘(1)，包括以下重量份的原料：菌菇渣11-13份；秸秆5-7份；可降解造纸纤维0.5-1.5份；营养琼脂0.5-1.5份；水6-7份，该秧盘有效降低了育秧成本，同时将农业废弃物变废为宝，循环利用，保护环境；将育秧秧盘、基质、养分等物质一体化处理，有利于培育壮秧，节约劳动力，为大面积水稻生产提供技术支撑和保障。

Description

一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种秧盘，特别涉及一种水稻壮秧的秧盘及其制造方法。
背景技术
水稻是中国的第一大粮食作物，水稻机插秧技术能大幅提高生产效率，有利于大面积规模化的种植，是我国水稻生产的发展趋势。机插秧的关键环节之一在于前期培育壮秧，各地生产上曾以取农田表层土来配制营养土用于育秧，近年来，大规模育秧出现取土费工费时，运输不便，连年的取土造成耕作层土壤的破坏等问题，育苗生产对土壤资源的消耗不断增加，育苗过程出现的秧苗病害问题也日趋严重。
研究人员发现采用基质替代营养土培肥育秧，能减少取土对土层的破坏且无病害传染，有效解决营养土育秧带来的问题。但基质生产成本高、质量轻、孔隙大、保水能力差、不耐冲淋，生产基质过程中容易发生发酵不充分，搅拌不均匀等问题，在育秧中仍然存在基质使用成本高，安全性低，后期肥力不足导致秧苗素质不高，秧苗盘根差等问题。
同时，在常规营养土及基质育秧过程中必须使用秧盘，秧盘的购买、摆放、清洗、搬运、损耗等环节大大增加了机插秧育秧对人工、资金及空间的需求，影响了水稻机插秧技术的进一步推广。因此亟需对现有的育秧基质和秧盘使用方面进行改良和优化，发明一种针对机插秧育秧的高效、节本、环保的育秧基质秧盘一体化产品的制作方法，并研究与其配套的应用技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘及其制造方法，不仅实现废弃物循环再利用，而且是节约水稻育秧成本、保护农田耕层土免遭破坏。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘及其制造方法，所述秧盘包括以下重量份的原料：
菌菇渣11-13份；秸秆5-7份；可降解造纸纤维0.5-1.5份；营养琼脂0.5-1.5份；水6-7份。
所述制造方法包括以下步骤：
(1)原料准备：按照权利要求1中的重量份配比配备好原料，将准备好的菌菇渣和秸秆粉碎至0.5～1.0cm长；
(2)混合配比：取准备好的菌菇渣、秸秆、可降解造纸纤维、营养琼脂以及水充分匀浆；
(3)制作模具：按照目前机插秧秧盘大小制作模具，在模具上制作突出圆孔，用以在原料 上压制出能够容纳水稻种子的孔；
(4)克模成型：将步骤(2)中的混合物均匀放入模具中，压制成型；
(5)烘干：在烘箱中烘干，冷却后取出，得到秧盘。
作为本发明的进一步限定，还包含黄原胶0.4-0.6份、农用硫磺0.4-0.6份、硫酸铵0.4-0.6份、过磷酸钙0.2-0.4份、氯化钾0.1-0.3份。
作为本发明的进一步限定，菌菇渣12份；秸秆6份；可降解造纸纤维1份；营养琼脂1份；黄原胶0.5份；农用硫磺0.5份；硫酸铵0.5份；过磷酸钙0.3份；氯化钾0.2份；水6.7份。
作为本发明的进一步限定，所述菌菇渣和秸秆的长度为0.5～1.0cm。
作为本发明的进一步限定，步骤3中的模具长58±2cm，宽28±2cm，所述圆孔的直径0.7cm，按18*38排列，圆孔间距0.8cm。
作为本发明的进一步限定，步骤5中烘箱的温度为105±5℃，烘干时间为3小时。
本发明中各组分所起到的作用效能如下：
菌菇渣：秧盘主要原料，为秧苗生长提供基质及有机肥来源；
秸秆：秧盘主要原料，有效将菌菇渣固定，有利于秧盘成型；
可降解造纸纤维：粘结秸秆和菌菇渣；
黄原胶：辅助秧盘成型，便于秧盘紧实，防治秧盘在后期使用过程中松散；
营养琼脂：有利于秧苗根系生长；
农用硫磺：调节秧盘PH值至适宜水稻生长的范围；
硫酸铵：增加速效氮养分，有利于秧苗生长；
过磷酸钙：增加速效磷养分，有利于秧苗生长；
氯化钾：增加速效钾养分，有利于秧苗生长。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：(1)发明了一种可以不用塑料秧盘的育秧方法，有效降低了育秧成本，同时将农业废弃物变废为宝，循环利用，保护环境；(2)该发明将育秧秧盘、基质、养分等物质一体化处理，有利于培育壮秧，节约劳动力，每盘秧育秧成本节约1元，为大面积水稻生产提供技术支撑和保障。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的秧盘结构示意图。
图2为本发明中模具示意图。
图3为本发明制得的秧盘结构实物图一。
图4为本发明制得的秧盘结构实物图二。
图5为本发明制得的秧盘使用状态实物图。
图6为本实施例的秧盘育出秧苗和现有营养土育出秧苗的对比示意图。
图7为本实施例的秧盘育出秧苗和现有商品基质育出秧苗的对比示意图。
其中，1秧盘，2圆孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1-5所示的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，包括以下重量份的原料：菌菇渣330g；秸秆150g；可降解造纸纤维15g；营养琼脂15g；黄原胶12g、农用硫磺12g、硫酸铵12g、过磷酸钙6g、氯化钾3g；水180g；
所述菌菇渣和秸秆的长度为0.5～1.0cm。
一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料准备：按照权利要求1中的重量份配比配备好原料，将准备好的菌菇渣和秸秆粉碎至0.5～1.0cm长；
(2)混合配比：取准备好的菌菇渣、秸秆、可降解造纸纤维、营养琼脂以及水充分匀浆；
(3)制作模具：按照目前机插秧秧盘大小制作模具，模具长58cm，宽28cm，在模具上制作突出圆孔，圆孔的直径0.7cm，按18*38排列，圆孔间距0.8cm，用以在原料上压制出能够容纳水稻种子的孔；
(4)克模成型：将步骤(2)中的混合物均匀放入模具中，压制成型；
(5)烘干：在烘箱中烘干，烘箱的温度为105±5℃，烘干时间为3小时，冷却后取出，得到秧盘。
实施例2
如图1-5所示的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，包括以下重量份的原料：菌菇渣360g；秸秆180g；可降解造纸纤维30g；营养琼脂30g；黄原胶15g、农用硫磺15g、硫酸铵15g、过磷酸钙9g、氯化钾6g；水200g；
所述菌菇渣和秸秆的长度为0.5～1.0cm。
一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料准备：按照权利要求1中的重量份配比配备好原料，将准备好的菌菇渣和秸秆粉碎至0.5～1.0cm长；
(2)混合配比：取准备好的菌菇渣、秸秆、可降解造纸纤维、营养琼脂以及水充分匀浆；
(3)制作模具：按照目前机插秧秧盘大小制作模具，模具长58cm，宽28cm，在模具上制作突出圆孔，圆孔的直径0.7cm，按18*38排列，圆孔间距0.8cm，用以在原料上压制出能够容纳水稻种子的孔；
(4)克模成型：将步骤(2)中的混合物均匀放入模具中，压制成型；
(5)烘干：在烘箱中烘干，烘箱的温度为105±5℃，烘干时间为3小时，冷却后取出，得到秧盘。
实施例3
如图1-5所示的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，包括以下重量份的原料：菌菇渣390g；秸秆210g；可降解造纸纤维45g；营养琼脂45g；黄原胶18g、农用硫磺18g、硫酸铵18g、过磷酸钙12g、氯化钾9g；水210g；
所述菌菇渣和秸秆的长度为0.5～1.0cm。
一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料准备：按照权利要求1中的重量份配比配备好原料，将准备好的菌菇渣和秸秆粉碎至0.5～1.0cm长；
(2)混合配比：取准备好的菌菇渣、秸秆、可降解造纸纤维、营养琼脂以及水充分匀浆；
(3)制作模具：按照目前机插秧秧盘大小制作模具，模具长58cm，宽28cm，在模具上制作突出圆孔，圆孔的直径0.7cm，按18*38排列，圆孔间距0.8cm，用以在原料上压制出能够容纳水稻种子的孔；
(4)克模成型：将步骤(2)中的混合物均匀放入模具中，压制成型；
(5)烘干：在烘箱中烘干，烘箱的温度为105±5℃，烘干时间为3小时，冷却后取出，得到秧盘。
对比例1：
以常规稻田耕层土育秧对比实施例2制作的基质盘育秧，2019年5月26日播种，干籽落谷，每处理播种6盘，重复3次。6月16日取样测定。每处理取40株考查秧苗素质，主要测定出苗率、株高、叶龄、茎基宽、单株叶面积、倒2叶叶片SPAD值、根数、总根长、根体积、烘干后测定百苗地上部、地下部干重。
由表1可看出基质盘育秧的秧苗出苗率与营养土育苗无差异，但秧苗的株高、叶龄、茎基宽、单株叶面积、SPAD值、地上部百苗干重等指标均要明显高于营养土育秧处理。基质盘育出的秧苗地上部素质要高于营养土处理。
表1地上部秧苗素质(秧龄20d)
Figure PCTCN2021074335-appb-000001
由表2可看出基质盘育出秧苗的秧苗根数、根长、根体积、根重、壮苗指数和盘根力度均要高于营养土育苗，但由于秧苗地上部干重变大，其根冠比要略小于营养土处理。
表2地下部秧苗素质(秧龄20d)
Figure PCTCN2021074335-appb-000002
如图6也可以看出基质盘育出秧苗明显优于营养土育出秧苗，水稻机插秧推广应用初期，主要采用过筛细土配制营养土进行机插秧育苗，随着机插秧推广面积的迅速扩大，并且越来越多地采取集约化、工厂化等措施集中育秧以来，取土难已成为机插秧育苗的瓶颈问题。总体来说，用本专利方法生产的基质盘育秧，秧苗的素质要高于稻田耕层土，同时省工节本，提高工作效率，初步解决了机插秧育苗之需。
对比例2
以生产上大规模使用的商品基质与按照本专利方法制作的基质盘育秧，并移栽大田，考察水稻产量。普通基质育秧采用机插秧塑料软盘规格58cm×28cm，每盘播种量为干稻种120g。大田机插规格30cm×12cm，重复3次，随机区组排列。由表3可以看出基质盘的速效氮磷钾养分的含量均要高于商品基质，因此其秧苗效果更佳。
表3商品基质与基质盘速效养分含量
Figure PCTCN2021074335-appb-000003
苗好稻半收，秧苗素质的提高对产量的贡献是显著的。从产量构成因素分析，基质盘秧苗后期的有效穗数和每穗总粒数显著高，结实率和千粒重差异不显著。可见，提高秧苗素质，可减缓机插秧苗的缓苗期，增加分蘖能力，提高成穗数，进而提高产量。
表4不同处理对产量的影响
Figure PCTCN2021074335-appb-000004
如图7也可以看出基质盘育出秧苗明显优于商品基质育出秧苗，本专利方法生产的基质盘不仅材料价廉易得，而且变废为宝，资料再利用，造福社会。同时有效解决目前商品基质的保水保肥能力差，需频繁浇水，造成肥料流失，秧苗容易脱肥落黄，生长缓慢，秧苗素质差的问题。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例，在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容，不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形，这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：
    菌菇渣11-13份；秸秆5-7份；可降解造纸纤维0.5-1.5份；营养琼脂0.5-1.5份；水6-7份。
  2. 根据权利要求2所述的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，其特征在于，还包含黄原胶0.4-0.6份、农用硫磺0.4-0.6份、硫酸铵0.4-0.6份、过磷酸钙0.2-0.4份、氯化钾0.1-0.3份。
  3. 根据权利要求3所述的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：菌菇渣12份；秸秆6份；可降解造纸纤维1份；营养琼脂1份；黄原胶0.5份；农用硫磺0.5份；硫酸铵0.5份；过磷酸钙0.3份；氯化钾0.2份；水6.7份。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘，其特征在于，所述菌菇渣和秸秆的长度为0.5～1.0cm。
  5. 一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)原料准备：按照权利要求1中的重量份配比配备好原料，将准备好的菌菇渣和秸秆粉碎至0.5～1.0cm长；
    (2)混合配比：取准备好的菌菇渣、秸秆、可降解造纸纤维、营养琼脂以及水充分匀浆；
    (3)制作模具：按照目前机插秧秧盘大小制作模具，在模具上制作突出圆孔，用以在原料上压制出能够容纳水稻种子的孔；
    (4)克模成型：将步骤(2)中的混合物均匀放入模具中，压制成型；
    (5)烘干：在烘箱中烘干，冷却后取出，得到秧盘。
  6. 根据权利要求6所述的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3中的模具长58cm，宽28cm，所述圆孔的直径0.7cm，按18*38排列，圆孔间距0.8cm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种培育机插水稻壮秧的基质型秧盘的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤5中烘箱的温度为105±5℃，烘干时间为3小时。
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