WO2021165168A1 - Engrenage de direction pour un système de direction d'un véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Engrenage de direction pour un système de direction d'un véhicule à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021165168A1
WO2021165168A1 PCT/EP2021/053575 EP2021053575W WO2021165168A1 WO 2021165168 A1 WO2021165168 A1 WO 2021165168A1 EP 2021053575 W EP2021053575 W EP 2021053575W WO 2021165168 A1 WO2021165168 A1 WO 2021165168A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steering
pinion
steering gear
clamping
rack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/053575
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Kirmsze
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag
Publication of WO2021165168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021165168A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D3/00—Steering gears
    • B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
    • B62D3/12—Steering gears mechanical of rack-and-pinion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0421—Electric motor acting on or near steering gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02017—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by special features related to the manufacturing of the gear case, e.g. special adaptations for casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steering gear for a rack and pinion steering of a motor vehicle, comprising a gear housing in which a toothed rack is accommodated displaceably in a longitudinal direction predetermined by a longitudinal axis, with which a pinion mounted in a gearbox housing rotatably about a pinion axis transverse to the longitudinal axis is engaged is, wherein the gear housing has a one-piece base body which has a rack passage for receiving the rack and a bearing receptacle for the storage tion of the pinion.
  • a rack and pinion steering with such a steering gear is also the subject of the invention.
  • the steering gear has a gear housing, which is also referred to as a steering gear housing be, in which a rack is mounted displaceably in the longitudinal direction, which is defined by the axial direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • the rack is hinged to the steering knuckles of the steerable wheels via track rods.
  • a pinion rotatably mounted on a pinion shaft in the gear housing about a transverse to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft or pinion axis is coupled to the steering shaft and engages in the toothing of the rack so that a rotation of the steering shaft produces a longitudinal displacement of the rack, which causes a steering angle associated steerable wheels causes.
  • Such a rack and pinion steering is described in the prior art, for example in DE 102016013269 A1.
  • This is an electric power steering with an electric auxiliary drive to support the manual steering input.
  • the auxiliary drive can also be attached to the gear housing in order to introduce an auxiliary torque into the pinion shaft or a linear auxiliary force into the rack.
  • the base body also referred to as the housing base body or housing body
  • the base body can be manufactured as a one-piece cast part, for example in aluminum or magnesium casting.
  • the cast blank will by machining with dimensionally and accurately positioned bearing, guide and receiving surfaces for the linear storage of the rack, the storage of the pinion shaft and for connection to the steering shaft and, if necessary, for attaching an auxiliary power drive.
  • the other func- tional parts such as bearings, pinion shaft, pinion, rack and the like are then mounted on the finished base body.
  • a steering gear for a rack and pinion steering of a motor vehicle comprising a gear housing in which a toothed rack is accommodated displaceably in a longitudinal direction predetermined by a longitudinal axis, with which a pinion rotatably mounted in the transmission housing about a pinion axis transverse to the longitudinal axis is in engagement
  • the Gear housing has a one-piece base body which has a rack passage for receiving the rack and a bearing receptacle for mounting the Rit zels
  • the base body has at least one clamping receptacle, at least first and second contact surfaces and at least first and having second positioning receptacles, the positioning receptacles having positioning surfaces which are oriented and positioned in a defined manner relative to the clamping receptacle and to the contact surfaces.
  • the contact surfaces are preferably oriented differently relative to the clamping receptacle with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • Two, three or more contact surfaces can be provided.
  • the invention provides spatial reference marks or reference elements on the outside of the base body, which enable simplified and more precise handling, in particular also by means of an automated robot gripper arm, and which allow the base body to be clamped in a defined orientation and position Simplify tion in manufacturing and assembly facilities and enable greater accuracy.
  • Another advantage is that the inventive combination of clamping and positioning receptacles as well as contact surfaces improves the spatial accessibility of the base body, so that machining and assembly with fewer order clamping processes is made possible. This can reduce the manufacturing, time and cost expenditure.
  • the housing body can preferably be designed as a one-piece cast part.
  • the cast part which is preferably made of metal in fine or die casting, for example from aluminum, magnesium or the like, the at least one clamping receptacle, the positioning receptacles and contact surfaces are integrated in one piece. This enables efficient production.
  • the housing body from a plastic, in particular a fiber-reinforced plastic, comprising carbon fibers or glass fibers.
  • the clamping receptacle is preferably set up and designed to interact with a corresponding clamping means of a preferably automated handling device, for example a gripper of a robot arm.
  • the positioning receptacles are arranged at a defined distance and in a defined positioning relative to the clamping receptacle, specifically in the axial direction or longitudinal direction and in an angular orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis. Because at least two positioning fixtures are provided, an automatic spatial alignment can take place when inserted into a processing and / or assembly station, for example when the positioning surfaces provided by the positioning receptacles on the base body mechanically contact corresponding opposing surfaces of a processing and / or assembly station.
  • the contact surfaces further developed according to the invention on the outside of the base body can be spatially defined relative to the positioning surfaces in such a way that, in cooperation with corresponding mating surfaces, the most precise possible orientation and positioning relative to a processing and / or assembly station can take place.
  • the base body can be aligned and clamped against a first contact surface in one clamping, and then aligned and clamped against a second contact surface in the same clamping for a further machining or assembly operation, the first contact surface being released again to improve accessibility to enable. In this way, the number of reclamping operations required and thus the manufacturing effort can be reduced.
  • a base body cast blank can be clamped more easily in a processing or assembly station, and in the clamping situation created in this way, a defined positioning and orientation is advantageously made possible.
  • the contact surfaces according to the invention are arranged and oriented differently relative to the clamping receptacle, and can preferably have a longitudinal spacing in the longitudinal direction, and / or have a different angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis than the clamping receptacle.
  • a first contact surface can be arranged and / or oriented differently relative to a second contact surface.
  • the contact surfaces can be spaced apart in the longitudinal direction.
  • the contact surfaces can have different angular orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis. Due to the relative arrangement of the clamping receptacle and the contact surfaces, different clamping situations optimized with regard to the respective machining and assembly operations can be realized. As a result, the accessibility can advantageously be adapted and the number of required reclamping processes can be reduced.
  • fastening elements are preferably provided. If necessary, further contact surfaces can also be formed in order to enable additional optimization for further processing and assembly steps. It is possible for fastening elements to be arranged on the outside of the base body, preferably integrated in one piece. Fastening elements of this type can be designed, for example, to fasten the steering gear to the vehicle, and include fastening openings, carriers, form-fitting elements or the like, for example. Fastening elements can also serve to connect, for example, an auxiliary power drive to the steering gear, and for example include fastening openings or projections, positive locking elements, flanges or the like.
  • the housing body is designed as a one-piece cast part.
  • the clamping receptacle, the positioning receptacles and the contact surfaces can be integrated in one piece in the cast part.
  • Fastening elements can also be formed in one piece with the casting.
  • the cast part can preferably be manufactured in metal investment casting or pressure die casting, for example from aluminum, magnesium or suitable alloys.
  • An advantageous embodiment can provide that the clamping receptacle, the contact surfaces and / or the positioning receptacles on the cast blank of the base body are formed in one piece without reworking in the casting process.
  • the post-processing-free design means that the contact and / or positioning surfaces provided as reference surfaces on the cast blank and also the clamping fixture are generated in the casting process during the manufacture of the cast blank, for example in metal investment casting or die casting, and in particular none Post-machining by milling, turning, grinding and the like is required.
  • the clamping receptacle, the contact surfaces and / or the positioning surfaces of the positioning receptacle have cast surfaces, at least in sections, i.e. surfaces that have not been reworked and produced in the casting process. Due to the plurality and arrangement of the reference surfaces according to the invention, the tolerance requirements for spatial positioning and orientation during clamping can already be met by the cast surfaces, so that the machining effort is reduced.
  • an engagement element can have an opening or recess made from the outside in the base body, and / or also a protruding pin or projection.
  • the engagement element can preferably be configured to enable a clamping engagement of a handling machine such as a robot arm.
  • an engagement element can have a form-locking opening directed radially inward with respect to the longitudinal axis, into which a clamping fin or pin on the gripper of a robot and / or an assembly system can engage radially from the outside in a form-locking manner in order to generate a clamping engagement.
  • An engagement element can be produced in one piece on the base body using the casting process with little effort and advantageously simplifies handling. Depending on the tolerance requirements, mechanical precision machining of the form-fit opening can also be provided here.
  • At least two clamping receptacles are arranged at a distance in the longitudinal direction.
  • the clamping receptacles can preferably have engagement elements such as, for example, form-fit openings or elements, which can preferably be arranged in alignment in the longitudinal direction, that is to say in the same angular orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • An arrangement of two clamping receptacles enables a positionally accurate us si cheres gripping and fixing in the gripper of a robot arm or the like by clamping fingers or the like engage in the clamping receptacles and exert a gripping force clamping the clamping receptacles against each other.
  • the contact surfaces and / or the positioning surfaces have plane surfaces aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the plane surfaces can serve as spatial reference surfaces for clamping and aligning the base body, preferably as described above in different clamping situations.
  • a contact surface is oriented differently from another contact surface with respect to the longitudinal axis relative to the clamping receptacle.
  • the one, first clamping surface relative to the other, second clamping surface can have a different angular orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • the first and second clamping surfaces can be oriented differently relative to the clamping receptacle and also to each other, for example un differently inclined to each other, parallel to the longitudinal axis aligned flat surfaces have.
  • the different orientation advantageously enables a simple implementation of different clamping situations.
  • At least one contact surface has at least two spaced-apart contact surfaces.
  • a divided contact surface can be formed, preferably in the same plane defined by the contact surface.
  • the contact surfaces can be interrupted and the partial contact surfaces formed thereby have, for example, a longitudinal spacing, i.e. spacing in the longitudinal direction. This allows the positioning and clamping options to be improved.
  • At least one contact surface is arranged in the longitudinal direction between two spaced-apart partial contact surfaces of another contact surface.
  • the one contact surface preferably has a different angular orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis than the two partial contact surfaces. This creates an advantageous triangular arrangement.
  • At least one contact surface can be arranged at right angles relative to the clamping receptacle. As a result, handling, positioning and orientation can be improved and simplified.
  • At least one contact surface is arranged in the longitudinal direction between the clamping receptacles.
  • the clamping receptacles and / or the contact surfaces are arranged in the longitudinal direction between the positioning receptacles. Due to the positioning receptacles arranged outside in the longitudinal direction, different clamping situations and machining and assembly options can be flexibly implemented within the area of the clamping receptacles or contact surfaces.
  • the fastening elements have at least one holder for attaching the steering gear to a motor vehicle body and / o the connecting means for attaching a steering shaft and / or an auxiliary power drive.
  • projections or tabs with fastening openings can be formed through which fastening means such as bolts or the like can be passed.
  • Connecting means for attaching an auxiliary power drive or a steering shaft can, for example, include flanges or the like.
  • a flat surface has at least a dimension of 10 millimeters (mm) in width and a dimension of 10 millimeters (mm) in length, that is, an area of 100 square millimeters (qmm).
  • Individual areas with a width of 45 mm and a length of 15 mm can preferably be formed.
  • the area values should certainly preferably have a length of less than 100 mm and a width of less than 200 mm. Lengths of less than 50 mm are preferred.
  • the largest elevation of the area from the surrounding surface of the housing body is preferably at least 4 mm.
  • the invention further relates to a rack and pinion steering system comprising a steering gear which has a gear housing in which a rack is accommodated displaceably in a longitudinal direction predetermined by a longitudinal axis, with which a pinion rotatably mounted in the gearbox housing about a pinion axis transverse to the longitudinal axis is in a handle is, wherein the gear housing has a one-piece base body, which has a rack passage for receiving the rack and a bearing receptacle for bearing tion of the pinion, and on the outside fastening elements are arranged, in which it is provided that the gear housing according to one or more of the above described embodiments according to the features of one or more of claims 1 to 13 is formed. Thanks to the invention, the handling, processing and assembly can be improved and simplified, so that the effort is reduced.
  • an electrical auxiliary power drive is attached to the gearbox housing.
  • the auxiliary power drive comprises an electric motor which, if necessary, can be operatively connected to the rack or pinion via a transmission.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a rack and pinion steering of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 2 shows a steering gear according to the invention in a schematic perspective illustration
  • FIG. 3 shows the steering gear according to the invention in an enlarged perspective view
  • FIG. 4 shows the steering gear according to FIG. 3 in a further perspective view
  • Figure 5 shows the steering gear according to Figures 3 and 4 in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 5a section from FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a steering gear according to the invention in a view analogous to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 7 shows a section through a clamping receptacle.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a steering system 1 of a motor vehicle, which is designed as a rack and pinion steering.
  • a steering wheel 3 for inputting a manual steering torque is attached to a rotatably mounted steering shaft 2, as indicated by the curved arrows.
  • a steering gear 4 has a gear housing 5, in which in a gear rack passage an elongated rack 60 is mounted linearly displaceable in the longitudinal direction defined by a longitudinal axis L.
  • the rack 60 is arranged in a concealed manner within the transmission housing 5 and can be seen in the cross section in FIG. With the toothing of the rack 60 is a mounted in the gear housing 5, in this view hidden pinion in toothing engagement, which is rotatably mounted on a pinion shaft 6, which is rotatably mounted about a pinion axis R in the gear housing 5.
  • the Rit zelwelle 6 is connected to the steering gear-side end of the steering shaft 2 at the front in the direction of travel.
  • tie rods 61 With the two from the transmission housing 5 longitudinally projecting ends of the rack 60 tie rods 61 are connected, which are on the steering knuckles of the steerable wheels 7 is articulated.
  • an electric auxiliary power drive 8 is also attached, which has an electric motor 81 which is kup pelt via a gear 82 with the pinion shaft 6.
  • a steering torque introduced manually via the steering wheel 3 is transmitted to the pinion via the steering shaft 2 and the pinion shaft 6 and can be increased or replaced by an additional auxiliary torque of the auxiliary power drive 8.
  • the resulting rotation of the pinion is converted into a longitudinal displacement of the rack 60 together with the tie rods 61 attached to it, as indicated by the double arrows, whereby a Lenkein impact of the wheels 7 is effected.
  • the gear housing 5 has a housing body 51 which is designed in one piece as a metal casting, for example made of aluminum, magnesium or the like.
  • the housing body 51 can be made entirely or partially from a plastic, preferably from a fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the coaxial to the longitudinal axis L rack passage for the linear mounting of the rack 60, bearing receptacles for the pinion shaft 6 and Fastening elements designed as flanges 52 for the steering shaft 6 and the auxiliary power drive 8 have been produced by machining the cast blank.
  • fastening elements 53 for attaching the steering gear 4 to the vehicle are molded in one piece in the casting onto the transmission housing 51 and have fastening openings, for example.
  • a first embodiment of the transmission housing 51 according to the invention is shown in different views in FIGS. 3, 3a and 4, as well as in cross section in FIGS. 5 and 5a.
  • Two clamping receptacles C1 and C2 are integrally formed on the gear housing 51 at a distance in the longitudinal direction.
  • a section through a clamping receptacle C1 or C2 parallel to the longitudinal axis L is shown in FIG. This shows an engagement element 9 in the form of a sack opening that is open radially outward with respect to the longitudinal axis L. This can be introduced into a protruding projection 91 optionally integrally formed on the outside.
  • the clamping receptacles C1 and C2 are aligned in the longitudinal direction.
  • the clamping receptacles C1 and C2 are located in the longitudinal direction between two positioning receptacles D1 and D2. These each have a flat positioning surface, which are inclined in a predetermined angular orientation about the longitudinal axis L relative to the clamping receptacles C1 and C2.
  • the positioning surfaces can preferably have planar surfaces which, as shown in the example, can lie in the same plane.
  • the positioning recording D1 and D2 are integrally formed on the gear housing 51 or is formed.
  • the positioning receptacles D1 and D2 can preferably be formed without reworking, that is, they can be produced on the cast blank without machining or other reworking.
  • a first contact surface A and a second contact surface B are arranged in the longitudinal direction between the clamping receptacles C1 and C2, and thus also between the positioning receptacles D1 and D2.
  • the contact surfaces A and B are oriented in different angular positions with respect to the longitudinal axis L, as can be clearly seen in FIG. This also shows that the angular positions of the contact surfaces A and B are different relative to the angular positions of the clamping receptacles C1 and C2 and the positioning receptacles D1 and D2.
  • the contact surfaces A, B which are shown enlarged in Figures 3a and 5a, are each designed as flat surfaces that are directed away from the longitudinal axis L and one Have width and a length and a greatest distance in relation to the surrounding surface of the gear housing 5.
  • the width xA, the length yA and the height zA are only shown for the contact surface A.
  • the contact surface B has an analog design with appropriately adapted dimensions.
  • the values for the width xA and the length yA are advantageously greater than or equal to 10 millimeters (mm), with values of less than or equal to 200 mm for the width xA and less or equal to 100 mm for the length yA being designed.
  • the largest elevation of the area, the height zA from the surrounding surface of the hous se stressess is preferably at least 4 mm.
  • the same values apply as preferred maximum values or minimum values, with the contact surface B not having to be of the same size as the contact surface A.
  • the area size is adapted to the assembly and / or processing system, which is not illustrated here in the figures.
  • the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in the same view as in FIG. 3 has, instead of the individual contact surface A, two sub-contact surfaces A1 and A2, which stand apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, and otherwise extend in the same plane.
  • the contact surfaces A, A1, A2 and B can preferably be free of post-processing, that is, they can be produced on the cast blank without machining or other post-processing and accordingly have a cast surface.
  • the dimensioning of the sub-contact surfaces is just as important as the contact surfaces. That is to say, they are preferably designed as flat surfaces directed away from the longitudinal axis L.
  • the size of the contact surfaces A1 and A2 is preferably equal to or more than 10 mm by 10 mm, but is preferably less than 200 mm by 100 mm.
  • the respective contact surface preferably protrudes from the surface of the housing body with a maximum height of at least 4 mm.
  • clamping receptacles D1 and D2 the Positionieraufnah men D1 and D2 and contact surfaces A and B and sub-contact surfaces A1, A2 are conceivable and possible, as stated above in the description of the invention.
  • clamping receptacles, positioning receptacles and / or contact surfaces can be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un engrenage de direction (4) pour un système de direction à crémaillère d'un véhicule à moteur, lequel engrenage comprend un carter d'engrenage (5) dans lequel une crémaillère est reçue de manière mobile dans une direction longitudinale spécifiée par un axe longitudinal (L), ladite crémaillère s'engrenant avec un pignon monté en rotation dans le carter d'engrenage (5) autour d'un axe de pignon (R) s'étendant transversalement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L), le carter d'engrenage (5) ayant une partie principale d'un seul tenant (51) qui a un passage de crémaillère pour recevoir la crémaillère (60) et une zone de réception de palier pour supporter le pignon. L'invention vise à permettre une réduction de la complexité de fabrication et d'assemblage. À cet effet, selon l'invention, l'extérieur de la partie principale (51) a au moins une zone de réception de serrage (C1, C2), au moins des première et seconde surfaces de support (A, B), et au moins des première et seconde zones de réception de positionnement (D1, D2), lesdites zones de réception de positionnement (D1, D2) ayant des surfaces de positionnement qui sont orientées et positionnées d'une manière définie par rapport à la zone de réception de serrage (C1, C2) et aux surfaces de support (A, B).
PCT/EP2021/053575 2020-02-18 2021-02-15 Engrenage de direction pour un système de direction d'un véhicule à moteur WO2021165168A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020202027.2 2020-02-18
DE102020202027.2A DE102020202027A1 (de) 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 Lenkgetriebe für eine Lenkung eines Kraftfahrzeugs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021165168A1 true WO2021165168A1 (fr) 2021-08-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/053575 WO2021165168A1 (fr) 2020-02-18 2021-02-15 Engrenage de direction pour un système de direction d'un véhicule à moteur

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DE (1) DE102020202027A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021165168A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2978111A1 (fr) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-25 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Mecanisme a cremaillere de systeme de direction de vehicule, a carter a interface de couplage
DE102016013269A1 (de) 2016-11-09 2018-05-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Zahnstangenlenkung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Schneckengetriebe
WO2018087114A1 (fr) * 2016-11-09 2018-05-17 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Direction à crémaillère pourvue d'un carter d'engrenage en une seule pièce

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3817335A1 (de) 1988-05-20 1989-11-23 Kunststoffverarbeitung Moessne Lenkgetriebe
DE10010838B4 (de) 2000-03-09 2011-07-07 ThyssenKrupp Presta SteerTec GmbH, 40476 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Getriebes und Lenkgetriebe für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2978111A1 (fr) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-25 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Mecanisme a cremaillere de systeme de direction de vehicule, a carter a interface de couplage
DE102016013269A1 (de) 2016-11-09 2018-05-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Zahnstangenlenkung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Schneckengetriebe
WO2018087114A1 (fr) * 2016-11-09 2018-05-17 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Direction à crémaillère pourvue d'un carter d'engrenage en une seule pièce

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