WO2021161862A1 - Temperature meter - Google Patents

Temperature meter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021161862A1
WO2021161862A1 PCT/JP2021/003868 JP2021003868W WO2021161862A1 WO 2021161862 A1 WO2021161862 A1 WO 2021161862A1 JP 2021003868 W JP2021003868 W JP 2021003868W WO 2021161862 A1 WO2021161862 A1 WO 2021161862A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
thermometer
housing
external space
measurement target
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2021/003868
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中西　保之
直博 大須賀
雅夫 水田
Original Assignee
株式会社堀場製作所
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Application filed by 株式会社堀場製作所 filed Critical 株式会社堀場製作所
Priority to JP2022500344A priority Critical patent/JP7564185B2/en
Publication of WO2021161862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021161862A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/04—Casings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermometer that measures the temperature of a measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
  • thermometer capable of measuring the temperature of a substance in a non-contact manner based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from an object.
  • This thermometer is called a radiation thermometer.
  • the radiation thermometer includes an infrared sensor that detects infrared rays generated from an object and a lens that allows the sensor to receive the infrared rays, and can easily measure the temperature without contact. Therefore, the radiation thermometer can be used to measure the temperature of plants cultivated in greenhouses, such as products manufactured in various plants.
  • the radiation thermometer can easily measure the temperature of the object to be measured without contact, it may not be able to measure the temperature accurately in a harsh environment such as a large temperature fluctuation in the external space where it is installed. Further, if water droplets (mist) are present in the external space and adhere to the lens surface of the radiation thermometer, the infrared sensor cannot properly receive the infrared rays emitted from the object to be measured. As a result, the temperature may not be measured accurately.
  • Patent Document 1 compressed gas is discharged to the window portion of the housing to remove dust adhering to the window portion. It is considered that the adhesion of water droplets to the window can be prevented by discharging the gas to the window in this way, but when the radiation thermometer is placed near the measurement target, the discharged gas is the measurement target. It hits the target and adversely affects the measurement target, or the gas that hits the measurement target cannot accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target.
  • the temperature of the infrared sensor itself also fluctuates due to the temperature fluctuation, and the signal output from the infrared sensor fluctuates according to this temperature fluctuation. As a result, a temperature different from the actual temperature of the external space may be output as the measurement result.
  • An object of the present invention is to accurately measure the temperature of a measurement object existing in an external space under a harsh environment based on infrared rays generated from the measurement object.
  • the thermometer measures the temperature of the measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
  • This thermometer includes a radiation thermometer, a first housing, a first opening, and a temperature maintenance device.
  • the radiation thermometer has an infrared sensor that detects infrared rays and a lens that causes the infrared sensor to receive infrared rays.
  • the first housing houses the radiation thermometer in the internal space.
  • the first opening is provided in the first housing and allows the lens to penetrate the external space.
  • the temperature maintenance device stabilizes the temperature of the internal space of the first housing at a first temperature higher than the temperature upper limit of the temperature of the external space.
  • the air warmed in the internal space is discharged through the opening to prevent the intrusion of water droplets from the outside and to prevent the water droplets from entering the lens. Can be prevented from adhering.
  • the temperature of the internal space is kept almost constant, so that the signal output from the infrared sensor is prevented from fluctuating according to the temperature fluctuation of the external space. can.
  • the above thermometer can accurately measure the temperature of the object to be measured existing in the external space in a harsh environment.
  • the thermometer may further include a second housing and a second opening.
  • the second housing houses the first housing.
  • the second opening is provided at a position corresponding to the first opening in the second housing, and penetrates the lens and the external space together with the first opening. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the internal space of the first housing from being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space.
  • the thermometer may further include a cooling device for cooling the second housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the internal space of the first housing from being affected by the temperature of the external space.
  • the infrared sensor may have a light receiving member that receives infrared rays and generates heat, and a thermocouple that generates thermoelectromotive force according to the difference between the reference temperature and the temperature of the light receiving member.
  • the thermometer may further include a mounting member on which the radiation thermometer is mounted.
  • the temperature maintenance device is fixed to the mounting member. As a result, the temperature of the radiation thermometer can be more reliably maintained at the first temperature.
  • the thermometer may further include a stop device for stopping the temperature maintenance device when the temperature of the internal space of the first housing reaches the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature higher than the first temperature.
  • the first housing may be made of metal or resin. As a result, deterioration of the first housing can be suppressed even in a harsh environment of the external space.
  • the thermometer may further include a limiting member that limits the movement of the object to be measured.
  • the external space may contain mist.
  • the pressure of the internal space of the first housing is made higher than the pressure of the external space, and the pressure of the external space is increased. It is possible to prevent the contained mist from entering the internal space of the first housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent water droplets from adhering to the lens of the radiation thermometer.
  • thermometer which concerns on 1st Embodiment is installed.
  • the figure which shows the structure of the thermometer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment The side view of the thermometer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Top view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment.
  • thermometer 100 is installed in a greenhouse G (vinyl house) as shown in FIG. 1, for example, at a place P where vegetables, fruits, etc. to be grown are planted.
  • the thermometer 100 measures the leaf temperature of vegetables, fruits and the like to be grown, and the temperature of fruits (fruits).
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a greenhouse in which a thermometer according to the first embodiment is installed.
  • Greenhouse G is provided with equipment for growing the above vegetables, fruits, etc. (for example, irrigation system, temperature control equipment, mist spraying device).
  • the greenhouse G of the present embodiment is for growing vegetables (for example, tomatoes) and fruits (for example, strawberries) that are difficult to grow in a high temperature area, and is sprayed with mist. Therefore, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment has a configuration capable of appropriately measuring the leaf temperature and the fruit temperature even in an environment in which such a mist is present. In this way, measuring the leaf temperature and fruit temperature of vegetables and fruits grown in greenhouse G where mist exists is to grow high-quality vegetables and fruits with high sugar content. It's very important.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the thermometer according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the thermometer according to the first embodiment.
  • the thermometer 100 according to the present embodiment includes a radiation thermometer 1.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 measures the temperature of the measurement target M based on the intensity of the infrared IR (FIG. 4) generated from the measurement target M (for example, the fruit or leaf of a vegetable or fruit) (FIG. 4) existing in the external space. To measure.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 includes an infrared sensor 13 (FIG.
  • thermometer 1 that detects infrared rays generated from the measurement target M, and a lens 11 (FIG. 4) that causes the infrared sensor 13 to receive infrared rays.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 is mounted on a metal (for example, aluminum) mounting member 2 inside the thermometer 100.
  • the mounting member 2 is attached to the first bottom member 4a and the second bottom member 5a of the thermometer 100 by being fixed to the fixing member 2a.
  • a heater 3 (an example of a temperature maintaining device) is fixed to the bottom of the mounting member 2.
  • the mounting member 2 is provided with a temperature sensor (for example, a thermocouple) (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the mounting member 2.
  • the heater 3 is controlled by the temperature controller 3a while measuring the temperature of the mounting member 2 with the temperature sensor, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the mounting member 2 at a predetermined temperature set by the temperature controller 3a.
  • the temperature controller 3a outputs a control signal for adjusting the temperature to the heater drive unit 3b.
  • the heater drive unit 3b supplies electric power based on the control signal received from the temperature controller 3a to the heater 3.
  • the heater drive unit 3b is, for example, a device that adjusts and outputs electric power to the heater 3 such as an SSR (Solid State Relay).
  • the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 can be stabilized at the predetermined temperature.
  • the temperature of the first internal space S1 in which the radiation thermometer 1 is housed can be stabilized.
  • a thermostat 3c (an example of a stop device) is fixed to the mounting member 2.
  • the thermostat 3c prevents the temperature of the mounting member 2 from becoming excessive. Specifically, the thermostat 3c stops the power supply from the heater drive unit 3b to the heater 3 when the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes the second temperature T2 (for example, 60 ° C.) or higher. As a result, the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes excessive, and the failure of the radiation thermometer 1 can be prevented.
  • the thermometer 100 includes a first lid member 4b.
  • the first lid member 4b has a hollow three-dimensional shape with an open bottom, and is fixed to the first bottom member 4a at the bottom.
  • the first housing 4 having the first internal space S1 is formed. That is, the first housing 4 houses the radiation thermometer 1 in the first internal space S1.
  • the first housing 4 (first lid member 4b) has a first opening O1 at a position corresponding to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1.
  • the first bottom member 4a and the first lid member 4b (first housing 4) are made of, for example, a material such as metal or resin. As a result, deterioration of the first housing 4 can be suppressed even in a harsh environment of the external space.
  • the thermometer 100 includes a second lid member 5b.
  • the second lid member 5b has a hollow three-dimensional shape with an open bottom, and is fixed to the second bottom member 5a at the bottom.
  • the second housing 5 having the second internal space S2 is formed. That is, the second housing 5 houses the first housing 4 (and the radiation thermometer 1) in the second internal space S2.
  • the second housing 5 (second lid member 5b) has a second opening O2 at a position corresponding to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1.
  • the second bottom member 5a and the second lid member 5b (second housing 5) are made of aluminum. As a result, the weight of the thermometer 100 can be reduced.
  • a tripod fixing portion 6 is provided at the bottom of the second housing 5 (second lid member 5b).
  • the tripod is fixed to the tripod fixing portion 6 and the installation height of the thermometer 100 can be adjusted.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 is housed in the first internal space S1 of the first housing 4, and the temperature of the first internal space S1 is stabilized by the heater 3. Be transformed.
  • the temperature of the first internal space S1 is kept substantially constant, so that the radiation thermometer 1 is not affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space and the temperature is stable. It can operate in the first internal space S1 that has been converted. As a result, it is possible to prevent the signal output from the infrared sensor 13 of the radiation thermometer 1 from fluctuating according to the temperature fluctuation in the external space.
  • the first housing 4 and the radiation thermometer 1 are housed in the second internal space S2 of the second housing 5. That is, the radiation thermometer 1 is housed in the first internal space S1 which is the innermost part of the "nested" double structure of the first housing 4 and the second housing 5. As a result, the temperature of the first internal space S1 of the first housing 4 can be further suppressed from being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a radiation thermometer.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an infrared sensor.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 is a device that receives infrared rays generated from the measurement target M and measures the temperature of the measurement target M based on the intensity of the received infrared rays.
  • the radiation thermometer 1 includes a lens 11, an infrared sensor 13, a signal converter 15, and a calculation unit 17.
  • the lens 11 causes the light receiving member 131 (FIG. 5) of the infrared sensor 13 to receive the infrared IR generated from the measurement target M. Specifically, the lens 11 collects infrared IR on the surface of the light receiving member 131.
  • the infrared sensor 13 detects the infrared IR focused by the lens 11 and outputs a signal based on the intensity of the received infrared IR.
  • the infrared sensor 13 is, for example, a thermopile and has a configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the infrared sensor 13 has a light receiving member 131, a thermocouple 133, and an output terminal 135.
  • the surface of the light receiving member 131 is irradiated with infrared IR focused by the lens 11.
  • the light receiving member 131 is a member that generates heat according to the intensity of the infrared IR irradiated on the surface.
  • the surface of the light receiving member 131 irradiated with infrared IR is coated with a substance (for example, fine gold particles) that easily absorbs infrared IR.
  • the thermocouple 133 outputs a thermoelectromotive force based on the difference between the temperature of the light receiving member 131 and the reference temperature (the temperature of the cold contact CP).
  • the thermocouple 133 has a plurality of first metal members 133a and a plurality of second metal members 133b. One end of each first metal member 133a and each second metal member 133b is connected to each other in the light receiving member 131. On the other hand, the other ends of each first metal member 133a and each second metal member 133b are connected to each other at a cold contact CP (for example, the main body of the radiation thermometer 1).
  • thermocouple 133 the thermocouple composed of one first metal member 133a and one second metal member 133b measures the difference between the temperature of the light receiving member 131 and the temperature of the cold contact CP. .. Further, in the thermocouple 133, a thermocouple composed of one first metal member 133a and one second metal member 133b is connected in series. With such a configuration, the thermocouple 133 can sensitively detect the change in the light receiving intensity of the infrared IR and improve the sensitivity of the temperature measurement of the radiation thermometer 1.
  • the output terminal 135 is connected to both ends of the thermocouple 133 and is a terminal for taking out the thermoelectromotive force generated by the thermocouple 133 to the outside. Therefore, the signal converter 15 is connected to the output terminal 135.
  • the signal converter 15 of the radiation thermometer 1 converts the thermoelectromotive force (analog signal) generated by the thermocouple 133 into a digital signal.
  • the signal converter 15 is, for example, an A / D converter.
  • the arithmetic unit 17 is, for example, a computer system composed of a CPU, a storage device (RAM, ROM, etc.), and various interfaces. Further, the calculation unit 17 may be a SoC (System on Chip) having these configurations. The calculation unit 17 calculates the temperature of the measurement target M based on the digital signal input from the signal converter 15, that is, the thermoelectromotive force value measured by the thermocouple 133 of the infrared sensor 13. Further, the calculation unit 17 executes general control of the radiation thermometer 1 and the thermometer 100. The calculation of the temperature of the measurement target M and the control of the radiation thermometer 1 and the thermometer 100 in the calculation unit 17 may be executed by a computer program stored in the storage device of the calculation unit 17. Further, a part or all of the above calculation and / or control may be realized by hardware.
  • SoC System on Chip
  • thermometer 100 is installed in the vicinity of the measurement target M.
  • the measurement target M is a leaf of a vegetable being grown in the greenhouse G, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the tripod 300 is fixed to the tripod fixing portion 6 and the temperature is set to the height of the leaf which is the measurement target M.
  • the total 100 is fixed, and the second opening O2 (first opening O1) of the thermometer 100 is brought close to the measurement target M.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the installation state of the thermometer.
  • the tripod is an example, and for example, a fixing method using a fixing frame can also be used.
  • the heater 3 is operated by the temperature controller 3a.
  • the set temperature of the temperature controller 3a is set so that the temperature of the mounting member 2 controlled by the heater 3 becomes the first temperature T1 which is higher than the maximum temperature of the greenhouse G. That is, the first temperature T1 is a temperature higher than the upper limit temperature of the greenhouse G.
  • the temperature is set to be about 10 ° C higher than the maximum temperature of the greenhouse G (for example, 45 ° C).
  • the first temperature T1 can be appropriately changed depending on the usage environment of the thermometer 100 and the like.
  • the temperature of the mounting member 2 is stabilized at the first temperature T1 by the control of the heater 3 during the temperature measurement of the measurement target M, and the radiation thermometer 1 is the first housing 4 and the second housing.
  • the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 is almost constant during temperature measurement without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space (household G). Be stabilized. Since the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 is kept almost constant during the temperature measurement without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space, the temperature fluctuation of the cold contact CP of the infrared sensor 13 disappears and the temperature is output from the infrared sensor 13.
  • the thermoelectric power does not fluctuate according to the temperature fluctuation in the external space. As a result, the radiation thermometer 1 can accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space (greenhouse G).
  • the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes higher than the upper limit temperature (maximum temperature) of the temperature of the external space
  • the air in the first internal space S1 is heated by the mounting member 2, and the first internal space is heated.
  • the temperature inside S1 is also higher than the maximum temperature in the external space. Since the first internal space S1 is connected to the external space by the first opening O1 and the second opening O2, the temperature of the first internal space S1 becomes higher than the maximum temperature of the external space, so that the first internal space S1 An air flow to the external space occurs. That is, the air warmed in the first internal space S1 is discharged through the first opening O1 and the second opening O2.
  • the first opening O1 and the second opening O2 are provided so as to correspond to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1, that is, to penetrate the lens 11 and the external space, the first internal space S1 described above The air flow to the external space occurs in the vicinity of the lens 11. As a result, it is possible to prevent the air in the external space from reaching the lens 11. As a result, even if the air in the external space contains mist, it is possible to prevent the mist (water droplets) and the like from adhering to the lens 11.
  • thermometer 100 of the present embodiment Since water hardly transmits infrared rays, if water droplets are attached to the lens 11, the infrared IR from the measurement target M is blocked by the water droplets, and the temperature of the measurement target M cannot be accurately measured by the radiation thermometer 1. ..
  • the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment as described above, even if the mist is sprayed in the external space and the air in the external space contains the mist, the lens 11 is being measured during the temperature measurement of the measurement target M. The structure is such that water droplets do not adhere to the surface. As a result, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment can accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M.
  • the air flow generated by raising the temperature of the first internal space S1 to be higher than the maximum temperature of the external space is large enough to prevent the air in the external space from reaching the lens 11, while measuring. It is small enough not to affect the temperature of the target M. That is, by configuring the temperature of the first internal space S1 to be higher than the maximum temperature of the external space, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment does not adhere water droplets to the lens 11, but does not affect the temperature of the measurement target M. It is possible to accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M existing in the external space of a harsh environment such as containing mist by generating an air flow having an optimum flow rate in the vicinity of the lens 11.
  • thermometer 100 of the present embodiment When the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment is actually used to measure the leaf temperature of tomatoes grown in the greenhouse G sprayed with mist (that is, the measurement target M is a tomato leaf), as shown in FIG. In addition, the thermometer 100 showed a measurement result close to the actual leaf temperature. In FIG. 7, the solid line is the measurement result of the leaf temperature by the thermometer 100.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the actual measurement result of the temperature of the object to be measured by the thermometer.
  • thermometer 100 is a predetermined position (leaves, fruits, etc.) of vegetables (tomatoes) and fruits (strawberry) being grown in greenhouse G where mist is sprayed.
  • the temperature can be measured accurately.
  • temperature measurement using a plant such as a vegetable or fruit as the measurement target M it may be desired to measure the temperature at a specific position of the measurement target M as much as possible. That is, there is a case where it is desired to fix the relative position between the thermometer 100 and the measurement target M.
  • the measurement location As a method of specifying the measurement location, there is a method of indicating the measurement location with the light emitted from the laser marker or the LED.
  • the sunlight is too strong under the sunlight in the daytime, and the marker is very difficult to see or the marker cannot be seen.
  • the laser marker cannot be constantly irradiated, it is necessary to irradiate the laser marker every time the measurement location is confirmed. When the operation of irradiating the laser marker is performed every time the measurement location is confirmed, the measurement location may shift.
  • the thermometer 200 further includes a limiting member 20 that limits the movement of the measurement target M in order to fix the position relative to the measurement target M as much as possible.
  • a total of three limiting members 20 are provided on the left and right side surfaces and the upper surface of the second housing 5 of the thermometer 200.
  • the position of the pair of limiting members 20 provided on the left and right side surfaces of the second housing 5 in the height direction is preferably the position where the second opening O2 (first opening O1) is provided.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a thermometer according to the second embodiment.
  • thermometer 200 according to the second embodiment has the same configuration and function as the thermometer 100 according to the first embodiment, except that the limiting member 20 is fixed to the second housing 5. Therefore, the description other than the limiting member 20 will be omitted here.
  • the limiting member 20 is provided with a plurality of scales 21a to 21d. Specifically, one scale 21a is attached at a position corresponding to the front end (second opening O2) of the second housing 5. The other scales 21b to 21d are provided at equal intervals in the direction away from the front end of the second housing 5.
  • FIG. 9A is a side view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9B is a top view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment.
  • the number of scales 21a to 21d attached to the limiting member 20 is 4, but this number can be arbitrary depending on the usage conditions of the thermometer 200 and the like. Further, the distance between the two scales can be made arbitrary depending on the usage conditions of the thermometer 200 and the like.
  • the thermometer 200 By providing the limiting member 20 as shown in FIGS. 8 to 9B, the thermometer 200 according to the second embodiment accommodates the measurement target M inside the limiting member 20 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. , The range in which the relative movement is possible with respect to the second housing 5 can be limited. As a result, the thermometer 200 can continuously measure the temperature at a specific position of the measurement target M. Further, by attaching the scales 21a to 21d to the limiting member 20, the distance between the measurement target M and the second opening O2 (that is, the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1) can be visually recognized. As a result, for example, it is possible to visually confirm whether the distance between the measurement target M and the lens 11 is within the temperature measurable range. Further, for example, the size (area) of the temperature measuring region of the measurement target M can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the measurement target M and the lens 11 using the scales 21a to 21d in the temperature measurable range. ..
  • the limiting member 20 is a rod-shaped member.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the limiting member 20 can have an arbitrary shape (for example, a circular shape) as long as the measurement target can be held.
  • thermometers 100 and 200 described in the first and second embodiments described above generate steam (mist-like water droplets) in, for example, a food factory in addition to the greenhouse G on which the mist is sprayed. It can also be used for purposes such as measuring the temperature of a product in a production plant where the temperature fluctuates sharply.
  • thermometers 100 and 200 described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are transmitted from the calculation unit 17 to another device, for example, in order to control the device. It may be used.
  • the temperature measurement results of vegetables and fruits measured by thermometers 100 and 200 can be used to control other devices in the greenhouse G to adjust the growing conditions of the vegetables and fruits.
  • a cooling device for example, a Perche element can be used.
  • the second housing 5 may be heated by the external space, and the temperature of the second internal space S2 may rise.
  • the temperature of the first internal space S1 becomes the temperature of the second internal space S2 even if the temperature of the first internal space S1 is adjusted to be constant by the heater 3. Can be affected by temperature. Therefore, by providing the cooling device in the second housing 5, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the first internal space from being affected by the temperature of the external space.
  • (D) For example, when the air in the external space flows in even if the temperature of the first internal space S1 is higher than the temperature of the external space, and / or, the air is sent from the first internal space S1 to the external space at a large flow rate. If it is difficult to affect the temperature of the measurement target M even if it flows out, the back side of the first housing 4 and / or the second housing 5 (the side provided with the first opening O1 and the second opening O2). A device for generating a gas flow such as a fan may be provided on the opposite side), and the air may flow out from the first internal space S1 to the external space by the device.
  • a device for generating a gas flow such as a fan may be provided on the opposite side
  • the present invention can be widely applied to a thermometer that measures the temperature of a measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
  • Thermometer 1 Radiation thermometer 11 Lens 13 Infrared sensor 131
  • Light receiving member 133 Thermocouple 133a First metal member 133b Second metal member 135 Output terminal CP Cold contact 15
  • Signal converter 17 Calculation unit 2 Mounting member 2a Fixing member 3 Heater 3a Temperature controller 3b Heater drive unit 3c
  • Thermometer 4 First housing 4a First bottom member 4b First lid member S1 First internal space T1 First temperature O1 First opening 5 Second housing 5a Second bottom member 5b 2nd lid member S2 2nd internal space T2 2nd temperature O2 2nd opening 6
  • Tripod fixing part 20
  • Restricting member 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d Scale 300 Tripod G Greenhouse P Place M Measurement target IR Infrared

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Abstract

The present invention accurately measures the temperature of an object to be measured which is present in a harsh environment. This temperature meter (100, 200) comprises: a radiation temperature meter (1), a first housing (4), a first opening (O1), and a heater (3). The radiation temperature meter (1) has an infrared sensor (13) that detects infrared rays (IR), and a lens (11) through which the infrared sensor (13) receives infrared rays (IR). The first housing (4) accommodates the radiation temperature meter (1) in a first internal space (S1). The first opening (O1) is provided to the first housing (4) so as to connect the lens (11) to an external space. The heater (3) maintains the temperature of the first internal space (S1) of the first housing (4) at a first temperature (T1) higher than the temperature of the external space.

Description

温度計thermometer
　本発明は、外部空間に存在する測定対象から発生する赤外線の強度に基づいて、測定対象の温度を測定する温度計に関する。 The present invention relates to a thermometer that measures the temperature of a measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
　従来、物体から発生する赤外線の強度に基づいて、当該物質の温度を非接触にて測定できる温度計が知られている（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。この温度計は、放射温度計と呼ばれている。放射温度計は、物体から発生する赤外線を検出する赤外線センサーと、当該赤外線をセンサーに受光させるレンズと、を備え、非接触にて容易に温度を測定できる。このため、放射温度計は、例えば、各種プラントにて製造されている製品等、温室で栽培されている植物等の温度を測定するために使用できる。 Conventionally, a thermometer capable of measuring the temperature of a substance in a non-contact manner based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from an object is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This thermometer is called a radiation thermometer. The radiation thermometer includes an infrared sensor that detects infrared rays generated from an object and a lens that allows the sensor to receive the infrared rays, and can easily measure the temperature without contact. Therefore, the radiation thermometer can be used to measure the temperature of plants cultivated in greenhouses, such as products manufactured in various plants.
特開２０１６－１３０５９９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-130599
　放射温度計は、非接触にて容易に測定対象物の温度が測定できる一方、設置される外部空間の温度変動が大きいなどの過酷な環境下では、温度を正確に測定できなくなることがある。
　また、外部空間に水滴（ミスト）が存在し、これが放射温度計のレンズ表面に付着すると、測定対象物から放出される赤外線を適切に赤外センサーに受光できなくなる。その結果、温度が正確に測定できなくなることがある。 While the radiation thermometer can easily measure the temperature of the object to be measured without contact, it may not be able to measure the temperature accurately in a harsh environment such as a large temperature fluctuation in the external space where it is installed.
Further, if water droplets (mist) are present in the external space and adhere to the lens surface of the radiation thermometer, the infrared sensor cannot properly receive the infrared rays emitted from the object to be measured. As a result, the temperature may not be measured accurately.
　特許文献１では、ハウジングの窓部に圧縮気体を排出して、この窓部に付着したダストを除去している。このように窓部に気体を排出すれば、窓部への水滴の付着を防止できるとも考えられるが、放射温度計が測定対象の近傍に配置された場合には、排出された気体が測定対象に当たってしまい、測定対象に対して悪影響を与えるか、測定対象に当たった気体が測定対象の温度を正確に測定できなくする。 In Patent Document 1, compressed gas is discharged to the window portion of the housing to remove dust adhering to the window portion. It is considered that the adhesion of water droplets to the window can be prevented by discharging the gas to the window in this way, but when the radiation thermometer is placed near the measurement target, the discharged gas is the measurement target. It hits the target and adversely affects the measurement target, or the gas that hits the measurement target cannot accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target.
　また、外部空間の温度変動が大きいと、当該温度変動により赤外線センサー自体の温度も変動し、赤外線センサーから出力される信号がこの温度変動に従って変動する。その結果、外部空間の実際の温度とは異なる温度を測定結果として出力することがある。 Further, if the temperature fluctuation of the external space is large, the temperature of the infrared sensor itself also fluctuates due to the temperature fluctuation, and the signal output from the infrared sensor fluctuates according to this temperature fluctuation. As a result, a temperature different from the actual temperature of the external space may be output as the measurement result.
　本発明の目的は、過酷な環境下の外部空間に存在する測定対象の温度を、当該測定対象から発生する赤外線に基づいて正確に測定することにある。 An object of the present invention is to accurately measure the temperature of a measurement object existing in an external space under a harsh environment based on infrared rays generated from the measurement object.
　以下に、課題を解決するための手段として複数の態様を説明する。これら態様は、必要に応じて任意に組み合せることができる。
　本発明の一見地に係る温度計は、外部空間に存在する測定対象から発生する赤外線の強度に基づいて、測定対象の温度を測定する。この温度計は、放射温度計と、第１筐体と、第１開口と、温度維持装置と、を備える。
　放射温度計は、赤外線を検出する赤外線センサーと、赤外線センサーに赤外線を受光させるレンズと、を有する。第１筐体は、放射温度計を内部空間に収納する。第１開口は、第１筐体に設けられ、レンズと外部空間とを貫通させる。温度維持装置は、第１筐体の内部空間の温度を、外部空間の温度で上限となる温度よりも高い第１温度で安定させる。
　これにより、第１筐体の内部空間から過剰な流量の気体が排出されるのを回避しつつ、内部空間で暖められた空気が開口を通して排出され、外部からの水滴の浸入を防ぎレンズに水滴が付着することを防止できる。また、上記の温度計では、外部空間の温度が変動しても、内部空間の温度がほぼ一定に保たれるので、赤外線センサーから出力される信号が外部空間の温度変動に従って変動することを回避できる。これらの結果、上記の温度計は、過酷な環境下の外部空間に存在する測定対象の温度を正確に測定できる。 Hereinafter, a plurality of aspects will be described as means for solving the problem. These aspects can be arbitrarily combined as needed.
The thermometer according to the viewpoint of the present invention measures the temperature of the measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space. This thermometer includes a radiation thermometer, a first housing, a first opening, and a temperature maintenance device.
The radiation thermometer has an infrared sensor that detects infrared rays and a lens that causes the infrared sensor to receive infrared rays. The first housing houses the radiation thermometer in the internal space. The first opening is provided in the first housing and allows the lens to penetrate the external space. The temperature maintenance device stabilizes the temperature of the internal space of the first housing at a first temperature higher than the temperature upper limit of the temperature of the external space.
As a result, while avoiding the excessive flow rate of gas from being discharged from the internal space of the first housing, the air warmed in the internal space is discharged through the opening to prevent the intrusion of water droplets from the outside and to prevent the water droplets from entering the lens. Can be prevented from adhering. Further, in the above thermometer, even if the temperature of the external space fluctuates, the temperature of the internal space is kept almost constant, so that the signal output from the infrared sensor is prevented from fluctuating according to the temperature fluctuation of the external space. can. As a result, the above thermometer can accurately measure the temperature of the object to be measured existing in the external space in a harsh environment.
　温度計は、第２筐体と第２開口をさらに備えてもよい。第２筐体は、第１筐体を収納する。第２開口は、第２筐体において第１開口に対応する位置に設けられ、第１開口と共にレンズと外部空間とを貫通させる。
　これにより、第１筐体の内部空間の温度が、外部空間の温度変動の影響を受けることを抑制できる。 The thermometer may further include a second housing and a second opening. The second housing houses the first housing. The second opening is provided at a position corresponding to the first opening in the second housing, and penetrates the lens and the external space together with the first opening.
As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the internal space of the first housing from being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space.
　温度計は、第２筐体を冷却する冷却装置をさらに備えてもよい。これにより、外部空間の温度により、第１筐体の内部空間の温度が影響を受けることを抑制できる。 The thermometer may further include a cooling device for cooling the second housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the internal space of the first housing from being affected by the temperature of the external space.
　赤外線センサーは、赤外線を受光して熱を発生する受光部材と、基準温度と受光部材の温度の差分に応じた熱起電力を発生する熱電対と、を有してもよい。
　第１筐体の内部空間の温度を第１温度に維持することにより、上記基準温度の温度変動を抑制し、測定対象の温度を正確に測定できる。 The infrared sensor may have a light receiving member that receives infrared rays and generates heat, and a thermocouple that generates thermoelectromotive force according to the difference between the reference temperature and the temperature of the light receiving member.
By maintaining the temperature of the internal space of the first housing at the first temperature, it is possible to suppress the temperature fluctuation of the reference temperature and accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target.
　温度計は、放射温度計を載置する載置部材をさらに備えてもよい。この場合、温度維持装置は、載置部材に固定される。
　これにより、より確実に放射温度計の温度を第１温度に維持できる。 The thermometer may further include a mounting member on which the radiation thermometer is mounted. In this case, the temperature maintenance device is fixed to the mounting member.
As a result, the temperature of the radiation thermometer can be more reliably maintained at the first temperature.
　温度計は、第１筐体の内部空間の温度が第１温度よりも所定の温度だけ高い第２温度になったら、温度維持装置を停止させる停止装置をさらに備えてもよい。
　これにより、第１筐体の内部空間の温度が第２温度以上と高温になることを抑制して、赤外線センサーにて異常が発生することを抑制できる。 The thermometer may further include a stop device for stopping the temperature maintenance device when the temperature of the internal space of the first housing reaches the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature higher than the first temperature.
As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature of the internal space of the first housing from becoming as high as the second temperature or higher, and to suppress the occurrence of an abnormality in the infrared sensor.
　第１筐体は、金属又は樹脂にて構成されてもよい。これにより、外部空間が過酷な環境であっても、第１筐体が劣化することを抑制できる。 The first housing may be made of metal or resin. As a result, deterioration of the first housing can be suppressed even in a harsh environment of the external space.
　温度計は、測定対象の動きを制限する制限部材をさらに備えてもよい。これにより、放射温度計と測定対象との位置関係を固定して、測定対象の特定部分の温度を連続して測定できる。 The thermometer may further include a limiting member that limits the movement of the object to be measured. As a result, the positional relationship between the radiation thermometer and the measurement target can be fixed, and the temperature of a specific portion of the measurement target can be continuously measured.
　外部空間はミストを含んでもよい。第１筐体の内部空間の温度を、外部空間の温度よりも高い第１温度に維持することにより、第１筐体の内部空間の圧力を外部空間の圧力よりも高くして、外部空間に含まれるミストが第１筐体の内部空間に侵入することを抑制できる。その結果、放射温度計のレンズに水滴が付着することを抑制できる。 The external space may contain mist. By maintaining the temperature of the internal space of the first housing at the first temperature higher than the temperature of the external space, the pressure of the internal space of the first housing is made higher than the pressure of the external space, and the pressure of the external space is increased. It is possible to prevent the contained mist from entering the internal space of the first housing. As a result, it is possible to prevent water droplets from adhering to the lens of the radiation thermometer.
　外部空間の大気の進入を抑制して放射温度計のレンズ表面に水滴が付着するのを抑制しつつ、赤外線センサーが外部空間の温度変動の影響を受けることを抑制できる。これらの結果、過酷な環境下の外部空間に存在する測定対象の温度を正確に測定できる。 It is possible to suppress the ingress of the atmosphere in the external space and prevent water droplets from adhering to the lens surface of the radiation thermometer, while suppressing the influence of temperature fluctuations in the external space on the infrared sensor. As a result, it is possible to accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target existing in the external space under a harsh environment.
第１実施形態に係る温度計が設置される温室の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the greenhouse in which the thermometer which concerns on 1st Embodiment is installed. 第１実施形態に係る温度計の斜視図。The perspective view of the thermometer which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態に係る温度計の分解図。Exploded view of the thermometer according to the first embodiment. 放射温度計の構成を示す図。The figure which shows the structure of the radiation thermometer. 赤外線センサーの構成を示す図。The figure which shows the structure of an infrared sensor. 温度計の設置状態の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the installation state of a thermometer. 温度計による測定対象の温度の実測結果の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the actual measurement result of the temperature of the object of measurement by a thermometer. 第２実施形態に係る温度計の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the thermometer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment 第２実施形態に係る温度計の側面図。The side view of the thermometer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第２実施形態に係る温度計の上面図。Top view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment.
１．第１実施形態
（１）温度計の概略説明
　以下、第１実施形態に係る温度計１００を説明する。本実施形態に係る温度計１００は、例えば図１に示すような温室Ｇ（ビニールハウス）において、育成対象の野菜、果物等が植えられた場所Ｐに設置される。温度計１００は、育成対象の野菜、果物等の葉温、実（果実）の温度を測定する。図１は、第１実施形態に係る温度計が設置される温室の一例を示す図である。 1. 1. First Embodiment (1) Outline of Thermometer Hereinafter, the thermometer 100 according to the first embodiment will be described. The thermometer 100 according to the present embodiment is installed in a greenhouse G (vinyl house) as shown in FIG. 1, for example, at a place P where vegetables, fruits, etc. to be grown are planted. The thermometer 100 measures the leaf temperature of vegetables, fruits and the like to be grown, and the temperature of fruits (fruits). FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a greenhouse in which a thermometer according to the first embodiment is installed.
　温室Ｇには、上記野菜、果物等を育成するための設備（例えば、潅水システム、温調設備、ミスト噴霧装置）が設けられている。本実施形態の温室Ｇは、例えば、高温地帯では育成が困難な野菜（例えば、トマト）や果物（例えば、いちご）を育成するためのものであり、ミスト噴霧がなされる。従って、本実施形態の温度計１００は、このようなミストが存在する環境においても葉温や実の温度を適切に測定できる構成を有している。このように、ミストが存在する温室Ｇにて育成されている野菜、果物等の葉温や実の温度を測定することは、糖度が高いなどの高品質の野菜、果物などを育成するために非常に重要である。 Greenhouse G is provided with equipment for growing the above vegetables, fruits, etc. (for example, irrigation system, temperature control equipment, mist spraying device). The greenhouse G of the present embodiment is for growing vegetables (for example, tomatoes) and fruits (for example, strawberries) that are difficult to grow in a high temperature area, and is sprayed with mist. Therefore, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment has a configuration capable of appropriately measuring the leaf temperature and the fruit temperature even in an environment in which such a mist is present. In this way, measuring the leaf temperature and fruit temperature of vegetables and fruits grown in greenhouse G where mist exists is to grow high-quality vegetables and fruits with high sugar content. It's very important.
（２）温度計の具体的構成
　以下、図２及び図３を用いて、本実施形態に係る温度計１００の具体的構成を説明する。図２は、第１実施形態に係る温度計の斜視図である。図３は、第１実施形態に係る温度計の分解図である。
　本実施形態に係る温度計１００は、放射温度計１を備えている。放射温度計１は、外部空間に存在する測定対象Ｍ（例えば、野菜又は果物の実、葉）（図４）から発生する赤外線ＩＲ（図４）の強度に基づいて、当該測定対象Ｍの温度を測定する。放射温度計１は、測定対象Ｍから発生する赤外線を検出する赤外線センサー１３（図４）と、赤外線センサー１３に赤外線を受光させるレンズ１１（図４）と、を有する。なお、放射温度計１のより詳細な構成については、後ほど説明する。 (2) Specific Configuration of Thermometer The specific configuration of the thermometer 100 according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the thermometer according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the thermometer according to the first embodiment.
The thermometer 100 according to the present embodiment includes a radiation thermometer 1. The radiation thermometer 1 measures the temperature of the measurement target M based on the intensity of the infrared IR (FIG. 4) generated from the measurement target M (for example, the fruit or leaf of a vegetable or fruit) (FIG. 4) existing in the external space. To measure. The radiation thermometer 1 includes an infrared sensor 13 (FIG. 4) that detects infrared rays generated from the measurement target M, and a lens 11 (FIG. 4) that causes the infrared sensor 13 to receive infrared rays. A more detailed configuration of the radiation thermometer 1 will be described later.
　放射温度計１は、温度計１００の内部において金属（例えば、アルミニウム）製の載置部材２に載置されている。載置部材２は、固定部材２ａに固定されることで、温度計１００の第１底部材４ａ及び第２底部材５ａに取り付けられる。また、この載置部材２の底部にはヒーター３（温度維持装置の一例）が固定されている。さらに、載置部材２には、載置部材２の温度を測定するための温度センサー（例えば、熱電対）（図示せず）が設けられる。 The radiation thermometer 1 is mounted on a metal (for example, aluminum) mounting member 2 inside the thermometer 100. The mounting member 2 is attached to the first bottom member 4a and the second bottom member 5a of the thermometer 100 by being fixed to the fixing member 2a. A heater 3 (an example of a temperature maintaining device) is fixed to the bottom of the mounting member 2. Further, the mounting member 2 is provided with a temperature sensor (for example, a thermocouple) (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the mounting member 2.
　ヒーター３は、上記温度センサーにて載置部材２の温度を測定しつつ温度コントローラ３ａにより制御されることで、載置部材２の温度を、温度コントローラ３ａで設定した所定の温度で安定させる。温度コントローラ３ａは、ヒーター駆動部３ｂに対して温度を調整する制御信号を出力する。ヒーター駆動部３ｂは、温度コントローラ３ａから受信した制御信号に基づいた電力を、ヒーター３に供給する。ヒーター駆動部３ｂは、例えば、ＳＳＲ（Ｓｏｌｉｄ　Ｓｔａｔｅ　Ｒｅｌａｙ）などのヒーター３への電力を調整して出力する装置である。 The heater 3 is controlled by the temperature controller 3a while measuring the temperature of the mounting member 2 with the temperature sensor, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the mounting member 2 at a predetermined temperature set by the temperature controller 3a. The temperature controller 3a outputs a control signal for adjusting the temperature to the heater drive unit 3b. The heater drive unit 3b supplies electric power based on the control signal received from the temperature controller 3a to the heater 3. The heater drive unit 3b is, for example, a device that adjusts and outputs electric power to the heater 3 such as an SSR (Solid State Relay).
　載置部材２の温度を所定の温度で安定させることで、放射温度計１の温度を当該所定の温度で安定とできる。それと同時に、載置部材２の温度を安定させることで、放射温度計１を収納した第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度を安定にできる。 By stabilizing the temperature of the mounting member 2 at a predetermined temperature, the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 can be stabilized at the predetermined temperature. At the same time, by stabilizing the temperature of the mounting member 2, the temperature of the first internal space S1 in which the radiation thermometer 1 is housed can be stabilized.
　載置部材２には、サーモスタット３ｃ（停止装置の一例）が固定されている。サーモスタット３ｃは、載置部材２の温度が過大となることを防止する。具体的には、サーモスタット３ｃは、載置部材２の温度が第２温度Ｔ２（例えば、６０°Ｃ）以上となったときに、ヒーター駆動部３ｂからヒーター３への電力供給を停止する。これにより、載置部材２の温度が過大となり、放射温度計１の故障を防ぐことができる。 A thermostat 3c (an example of a stop device) is fixed to the mounting member 2. The thermostat 3c prevents the temperature of the mounting member 2 from becoming excessive. Specifically, the thermostat 3c stops the power supply from the heater drive unit 3b to the heater 3 when the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes the second temperature T2 (for example, 60 ° C.) or higher. As a result, the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes excessive, and the failure of the radiation thermometer 1 can be prevented.
　温度計１００は、第１蓋部材４ｂを備える。第１蓋部材４ｂは、底部が開口した中空の立体形状を有しており、当該底部において第１底部材４ａに固定される。第１底部材４ａに第１蓋部材４ｂが固定されることにより、第１内部空間Ｓ１を有する第１筐体４が形成される。すなわち、第１筐体４は、第１内部空間Ｓ１に放射温度計１を収納する。また、第１筐体４（第１蓋部材４ｂ）は、放射温度計１のレンズ１１に対応する位置に第１開口Ｏ１を有している。
　本実施形態において、第１底部材４ａ及び第１蓋部材４ｂ（第１筐体４）は、例えば、金属、樹脂等の材料で構成される。これにより、外部空間が過酷な環境であっても、第１筐体４が劣化することを抑制できる。 The thermometer 100 includes a first lid member 4b. The first lid member 4b has a hollow three-dimensional shape with an open bottom, and is fixed to the first bottom member 4a at the bottom. By fixing the first lid member 4b to the first bottom member 4a, the first housing 4 having the first internal space S1 is formed. That is, the first housing 4 houses the radiation thermometer 1 in the first internal space S1. Further, the first housing 4 (first lid member 4b) has a first opening O1 at a position corresponding to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1.
In the present embodiment, the first bottom member 4a and the first lid member 4b (first housing 4) are made of, for example, a material such as metal or resin. As a result, deterioration of the first housing 4 can be suppressed even in a harsh environment of the external space.
　温度計１００は、第２蓋部材５ｂを備える。第２蓋部材５ｂは、底部が開口した中空の立体形状を有しており、当該底部において第２底部材５ａに固定される。第２底部材５ａに第２蓋部材５ｂが固定されることにより、第２内部空間Ｓ２を有する第２筐体５が形成される。すなわち、第２筐体５は、第２内部空間Ｓ２に第１筐体４（及び放射温度計１）を収納する。また、第２筐体５（第２蓋部材５ｂ）は、放射温度計１のレンズ１１に対応する位置に第２開口Ｏ２を有している。
　本実施形態において、第２底部材５ａ及び第２蓋部材５ｂ（第２筐体５）は、アルミニウム製である。これにより、温度計１００の重量を軽くできる。 The thermometer 100 includes a second lid member 5b. The second lid member 5b has a hollow three-dimensional shape with an open bottom, and is fixed to the second bottom member 5a at the bottom. By fixing the second lid member 5b to the second bottom member 5a, the second housing 5 having the second internal space S2 is formed. That is, the second housing 5 houses the first housing 4 (and the radiation thermometer 1) in the second internal space S2. Further, the second housing 5 (second lid member 5b) has a second opening O2 at a position corresponding to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1.
In the present embodiment, the second bottom member 5a and the second lid member 5b (second housing 5) are made of aluminum. As a result, the weight of the thermometer 100 can be reduced.
　なお、第２筐体５（第２蓋部材５ｂ）の底部には、三脚固定部６が設けられている。温度計１００を所定の高さに固定して使用する場合には、この三脚固定部６に三脚を固定して、温度計１００の設置高さを調整できる。 A tripod fixing portion 6 is provided at the bottom of the second housing 5 (second lid member 5b). When the thermometer 100 is fixed at a predetermined height and used, the tripod is fixed to the tripod fixing portion 6 and the installation height of the thermometer 100 can be adjusted.
　上記構成を有することにより、本実施形態に係る温度計１００では、放射温度計１が第１筐体４の第１内部空間Ｓ１に収納され、当該第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度はヒーター３により安定化される。これにより、外部空間の温度が変動しても、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度はほぼ一定に保たれるので、放射温度計１は、外部空間の温度変動に影響されず、かつ、温度が安定化された第１内部空間Ｓ１中で動作できる。その結果、放射温度計１の赤外線センサー１３から出力される信号が、外部空間の温度変動に従って変動することを回避できる。
　また、第１筐体４及び放射温度計１は、第２筐体５の第２内部空間Ｓ２に収納されている。すなわち、放射温度計１は、第１筐体４と第２筐体５とによる「入れ子」状の二重構造の最も内側である第１内部空間Ｓ１内に収納されている。これにより、第１筐体４の第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度が、外部空間の温度変動の影響を受けることをさらに抑制できる。 By having the above configuration, in the thermometer 100 according to the present embodiment, the radiation thermometer 1 is housed in the first internal space S1 of the first housing 4, and the temperature of the first internal space S1 is stabilized by the heater 3. Be transformed. As a result, even if the temperature of the external space fluctuates, the temperature of the first internal space S1 is kept substantially constant, so that the radiation thermometer 1 is not affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space and the temperature is stable. It can operate in the first internal space S1 that has been converted. As a result, it is possible to prevent the signal output from the infrared sensor 13 of the radiation thermometer 1 from fluctuating according to the temperature fluctuation in the external space.
Further, the first housing 4 and the radiation thermometer 1 are housed in the second internal space S2 of the second housing 5. That is, the radiation thermometer 1 is housed in the first internal space S1 which is the innermost part of the "nested" double structure of the first housing 4 and the second housing 5. As a result, the temperature of the first internal space S1 of the first housing 4 can be further suppressed from being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space.
（３）放射温度計の構成
　次に、図４及び図５を用いて、第１内部空間Ｓ１に収納される放射温度計１の具体的な構成を説明する。図４は、放射温度計の構成を示す図である。図５は、赤外線センサーの構成を示す図である。放射温度計１は、測定対象Ｍから発生する赤外線を受光し、受光した赤外線の強度に基づいて、測定対象Ｍの温度を測定する装置である。
　放射温度計１は、レンズ１１と、赤外線センサー１３と、信号変換器１５と、演算部１７と、を有する。レンズ１１は、測定対象Ｍから発生する赤外線ＩＲを、赤外線センサー１３の受光部材１３１（図５）に受光させる。具体的には、レンズ１１は、赤外線ＩＲを受光部材１３１の表面に集光させる。 (3) Configuration of Radiation Thermometer Next, a specific configuration of the radiation thermometer 1 housed in the first internal space S1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a radiation thermometer. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an infrared sensor. The radiation thermometer 1 is a device that receives infrared rays generated from the measurement target M and measures the temperature of the measurement target M based on the intensity of the received infrared rays.
The radiation thermometer 1 includes a lens 11, an infrared sensor 13, a signal converter 15, and a calculation unit 17. The lens 11 causes the light receiving member 131 (FIG. 5) of the infrared sensor 13 to receive the infrared IR generated from the measurement target M. Specifically, the lens 11 collects infrared IR on the surface of the light receiving member 131.
　赤外線センサー１３は、レンズ１１により集光された赤外線ＩＲを検出し、受光した赤外線ＩＲの強度に基づいた信号を出力する。赤外線センサー１３は、例えばサーモパイルであり、図５に示すような構成を有する。すなわち、赤外線センサー１３は、受光部材１３１と、熱電対１３３と、出力端子１３５と、を有する。
　受光部材１３１の表面には、レンズ１１にて集光された赤外線ＩＲが照射される。受光部材１３１は、表面に照射された赤外線ＩＲの強度に応じた熱を発生する部材である。なお、受光部材１３１の赤外線ＩＲが照射される表面には、赤外線ＩＲを吸収しやすい物質（例えば、金の微粒子）が塗布されている。 The infrared sensor 13 detects the infrared IR focused by the lens 11 and outputs a signal based on the intensity of the received infrared IR. The infrared sensor 13 is, for example, a thermopile and has a configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the infrared sensor 13 has a light receiving member 131, a thermocouple 133, and an output terminal 135.
The surface of the light receiving member 131 is irradiated with infrared IR focused by the lens 11. The light receiving member 131 is a member that generates heat according to the intensity of the infrared IR irradiated on the surface. The surface of the light receiving member 131 irradiated with infrared IR is coated with a substance (for example, fine gold particles) that easily absorbs infrared IR.
　熱電対１３３は、受光部材１３１の温度と基準温度（冷接点ＣＰの温度）との差分に基づく熱起電力を出力する。具体的には、熱電対１３３は、複数の第１金属部材１３３ａと複数の第２金属部材１３３ｂとを有する。各第１金属部材１３３ａ及び各第２金属部材１３３ｂの一端が受光部材１３１において互いに接続されている。一方、各第１金属部材１３３ａ及び各第２金属部材１３３ｂの他端が冷接点ＣＰ（例えば、放射温度計１の本体）において互いに接続されている。 The thermocouple 133 outputs a thermoelectromotive force based on the difference between the temperature of the light receiving member 131 and the reference temperature (the temperature of the cold contact CP). Specifically, the thermocouple 133 has a plurality of first metal members 133a and a plurality of second metal members 133b. One end of each first metal member 133a and each second metal member 133b is connected to each other in the light receiving member 131. On the other hand, the other ends of each first metal member 133a and each second metal member 133b are connected to each other at a cold contact CP (for example, the main body of the radiation thermometer 1).
　すなわち、熱電対１３３においては、１つの第１金属部材１３３ａと１つの第２金属部材１３３ｂにより構成される熱電対が、受光部材１３１の温度と冷接点ＣＰの温度との差分を測定している。また、熱電対１３３においては、１つの第１金属部材１３３ａと１つの第２金属部材１３３ｂにより構成される熱電対が、直列接続されている。このような構成により、熱電対１３３は、赤外線ＩＲの受光強度の変化を敏感に検出して、放射温度計１の温度測定の感度を向上できる。 That is, in the thermocouple 133, the thermocouple composed of one first metal member 133a and one second metal member 133b measures the difference between the temperature of the light receiving member 131 and the temperature of the cold contact CP. .. Further, in the thermocouple 133, a thermocouple composed of one first metal member 133a and one second metal member 133b is connected in series. With such a configuration, the thermocouple 133 can sensitively detect the change in the light receiving intensity of the infrared IR and improve the sensitivity of the temperature measurement of the radiation thermometer 1.
　出力端子１３５は、熱電対１３３の両端に接続され、熱電対１３３にて発生した熱起電力を外部に取り出すための端子である。従って、出力端子１３５には、信号変換器１５が接続される。 The output terminal 135 is connected to both ends of the thermocouple 133 and is a terminal for taking out the thermoelectromotive force generated by the thermocouple 133 to the outside. Therefore, the signal converter 15 is connected to the output terminal 135.
　図４に戻り、放射温度計１の信号変換器１５は、熱電対１３３にて発生した熱起電力（アナログ信号）を、デジタル信号に変換する。信号変換器１５は、例えば、Ａ／Ｄ変換器である。 Returning to FIG. 4, the signal converter 15 of the radiation thermometer 1 converts the thermoelectromotive force (analog signal) generated by the thermocouple 133 into a digital signal. The signal converter 15 is, for example, an A / D converter.
　演算部１７は、例えば、ＣＰＵ、記憶装置（ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭなど）、各種インタフェースと、により構成されるコンピュータシステムである。また、演算部１７は、これら構成を有するＳｏＣ（Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｏｎ　Ｃｈｉｐ）であってもよい。演算部１７は、信号変換器１５から入力したデジタル信号、すなわち、赤外線センサー１３の熱電対１３３にて測定された熱起電力値に基づいて、測定対象Ｍの温度を算出する。また、演算部１７は、放射温度計１及び温度計１００の全般的な制御を実行する。
　なお、演算部１７における測定対象Ｍの温度の算出、放射温度計１及び温度計１００の制御は、演算部１７の記憶装置に記憶されたコンピュータプログラムにより実行されてもよい。また、上記の算出及び／又は制御の一部又は全部が、ハードウェア的に実現されてもよい。 The arithmetic unit 17 is, for example, a computer system composed of a CPU, a storage device (RAM, ROM, etc.), and various interfaces. Further, the calculation unit 17 may be a SoC (System on Chip) having these configurations. The calculation unit 17 calculates the temperature of the measurement target M based on the digital signal input from the signal converter 15, that is, the thermoelectromotive force value measured by the thermocouple 133 of the infrared sensor 13. Further, the calculation unit 17 executes general control of the radiation thermometer 1 and the thermometer 100.
The calculation of the temperature of the measurement target M and the control of the radiation thermometer 1 and the thermometer 100 in the calculation unit 17 may be executed by a computer program stored in the storage device of the calculation unit 17. Further, a part or all of the above calculation and / or control may be realized by hardware.
（４）温度計を用いた測定対象の温度測定方法
　以下、上記にて説明した構成を有する温度計１００を用いて、ミストが散布される温室Ｇ内（外部空間の一例）の測定対象Ｍの温度を測定する方法を説明する。
　最初に、測定対象Ｍの近傍に温度計１００を設置する。測定対象Ｍが温室Ｇで育成中の野菜の葉である場合には、例えば、図６に示すように、三脚固定部６に三脚３００を固定して測定対象Ｍである葉の高さに温度計１００を固定し、測定対象Ｍに温度計１００の第２開口Ｏ２（第１開口Ｏ１）を近づける。図６は、温度計の設置状態の一例を示す図である。なお、三脚は一例であり、例えば、固定用の枠を用いた固定方法も使用できる。 (4) Temperature measurement method of measurement target using a thermometer Hereinafter, using a thermometer 100 having the configuration described above, the measurement target M in the greenhouse G (an example of an external space) where mist is sprayed. A method of measuring the temperature will be described.
First, the thermometer 100 is installed in the vicinity of the measurement target M. When the measurement target M is a leaf of a vegetable being grown in the greenhouse G, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the tripod 300 is fixed to the tripod fixing portion 6 and the temperature is set to the height of the leaf which is the measurement target M. The total 100 is fixed, and the second opening O2 (first opening O1) of the thermometer 100 is brought close to the measurement target M. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the installation state of the thermometer. The tripod is an example, and for example, a fixing method using a fixing frame can also be used.
　温度計１００を設置後、温度コントローラ３ａによりヒーター３を動作させる。このとき、温度コントローラ３ａの設定温度を、ヒーター３により制御される載置部材２の温度が、温室Ｇの最高温度よりも高い第１温度Ｔ１となるよう設定する。つまり、第１温度Ｔ１は、温室Ｇの温度で上限となる温度よりも高い温度である。例えば、温室Ｇの最高温度よりも約１０°Ｃ程度高い温度（例えば、４５°Ｃ）に設定する。なお、この第１温度Ｔ１は、温度計１００の使用環境等により適宜変更できる。
　載置部材２の温度が第１温度Ｔ１にて安定後、放射温度計１を用いて、測定対象Ｍの温度測定を開始する。 After installing the thermometer 100, the heater 3 is operated by the temperature controller 3a. At this time, the set temperature of the temperature controller 3a is set so that the temperature of the mounting member 2 controlled by the heater 3 becomes the first temperature T1 which is higher than the maximum temperature of the greenhouse G. That is, the first temperature T1 is a temperature higher than the upper limit temperature of the greenhouse G. For example, the temperature is set to be about 10 ° C higher than the maximum temperature of the greenhouse G (for example, 45 ° C). The first temperature T1 can be appropriately changed depending on the usage environment of the thermometer 100 and the like.
After the temperature of the mounting member 2 stabilizes at the first temperature T1, the temperature measurement of the measurement target M is started using the radiation thermometer 1.
　上記のように、測定対象Ｍの温度測定中にヒーター３の制御により載置部材２の温度が第１温度Ｔ１で安定され、また、放射温度計１が第１筐体４及び第２筐体５による二重構造の第１内部空間Ｓ１内に収納されることにより、放射温度計１の温度が、温度測定中において、外部空間（温室Ｇ）の温度変動の影響を受けることなくほぼ一定で安定化される。
　温度測定中に放射温度計１の温度が外部空間の温度変動の影響を受けることなくほぼ一定に保たれることで、赤外線センサー１３の冷接点ＣＰの温度変動がなくなり、赤外線センサー１３から出力される熱起電力が外部空間の温度変動に従って変動しなくなる。その結果、放射温度計１は、外部空間（温室Ｇ）の温度変動に影響を受けることなく、測定対象Ｍの温度を正確に測定できる。 As described above, the temperature of the mounting member 2 is stabilized at the first temperature T1 by the control of the heater 3 during the temperature measurement of the measurement target M, and the radiation thermometer 1 is the first housing 4 and the second housing. By being housed in the first internal space S1 having a double structure by 5, the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 is almost constant during temperature measurement without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space (household G). Be stabilized.
Since the temperature of the radiation thermometer 1 is kept almost constant during the temperature measurement without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space, the temperature fluctuation of the cold contact CP of the infrared sensor 13 disappears and the temperature is output from the infrared sensor 13. The thermoelectric power does not fluctuate according to the temperature fluctuation in the external space. As a result, the radiation thermometer 1 can accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M without being affected by the temperature fluctuation of the external space (greenhouse G).
　また、載置部材２の温度が外部空間の温度で上限となる温度（最高温度）よりも高くなることにより、第１内部空間Ｓ１内の空気が載置部材２により加熱され、第１内部空間Ｓ１内の温度も、外部空間の最高温度よりも高くなる。
　第１内部空間Ｓ１は第１開口Ｏ１及び第２開口Ｏ２により外部空間とつながっているので、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度が外部空間の最高温度よりも高くなることにより、第１内部空間Ｓ１から外部空間への空気の流れが生じる。すなわち、第１内部空間Ｓ１で暖められた空気が、第１開口Ｏ１及び第２開口Ｏ２を通じて排出される。 Further, when the temperature of the mounting member 2 becomes higher than the upper limit temperature (maximum temperature) of the temperature of the external space, the air in the first internal space S1 is heated by the mounting member 2, and the first internal space is heated. The temperature inside S1 is also higher than the maximum temperature in the external space.
Since the first internal space S1 is connected to the external space by the first opening O1 and the second opening O2, the temperature of the first internal space S1 becomes higher than the maximum temperature of the external space, so that the first internal space S1 An air flow to the external space occurs. That is, the air warmed in the first internal space S1 is discharged through the first opening O1 and the second opening O2.
　また、第１開口Ｏ１及び第２開口Ｏ２が放射温度計１のレンズ１１に対応するよう、つまり、レンズ１１と外部空間とを貫通させるよう設けられているので、上記の第１内部空間Ｓ１から外部空間への空気の流れは、レンズ１１の近傍に生じる。これにより、外部空間の空気がレンズ１１に到達することを回避できる。その結果、外部空間の空気がミストを含んでいたとしても、レンズ１１にミスト（水滴）等が付着することを防止できる。 Further, since the first opening O1 and the second opening O2 are provided so as to correspond to the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1, that is, to penetrate the lens 11 and the external space, the first internal space S1 described above The air flow to the external space occurs in the vicinity of the lens 11. As a result, it is possible to prevent the air in the external space from reaching the lens 11. As a result, even if the air in the external space contains mist, it is possible to prevent the mist (water droplets) and the like from adhering to the lens 11.
　水は赤外線をほとんど透過しないので、レンズ１１に水滴が付着していると、測定対象Ｍからの赤外線ＩＲが当該水滴で遮られ、放射温度計１により測定対象Ｍの温度を正確に測定できなくなる。その一方で、本実施形態の温度計１００は、上記のように、例えば外部空間でミストが噴霧されており外部空間の空気がミストを含んでいても、測定対象Ｍの温度測定中にレンズ１１に水滴が付着しない構成となっている。その結果、本実施形態の温度計１００は、測定対象Ｍの温度を正確に測定することができる。 Since water hardly transmits infrared rays, if water droplets are attached to the lens 11, the infrared IR from the measurement target M is blocked by the water droplets, and the temperature of the measurement target M cannot be accurately measured by the radiation thermometer 1. .. On the other hand, in the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment, as described above, even if the mist is sprayed in the external space and the air in the external space contains the mist, the lens 11 is being measured during the temperature measurement of the measurement target M. The structure is such that water droplets do not adhere to the surface. As a result, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment can accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M.
　さらに、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度を外部空間の最高温度よりも高くすることで発生する空気の流れは、レンズ１１に外部空間の空気が到達しないようにできる程度の大きさを有する一方、測定対象Ｍの温度に影響を与えない程度に小さい。
　すなわち、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度を外部空間の最高温度よりも高くする構成により、本実施形態の温度計１００は、レンズ１１に水滴を付着させない一方、測定対象Ｍの温度に影響を与えない程度の最適な流量の空気の流れをレンズ１１の近傍に生じさせて、ミストを含むなどの厳しい環境の外部空間に存在する測定対象Ｍの温度を正確に測定できる。 Further, the air flow generated by raising the temperature of the first internal space S1 to be higher than the maximum temperature of the external space is large enough to prevent the air in the external space from reaching the lens 11, while measuring. It is small enough not to affect the temperature of the target M.
That is, by configuring the temperature of the first internal space S1 to be higher than the maximum temperature of the external space, the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment does not adhere water droplets to the lens 11, but does not affect the temperature of the measurement target M. It is possible to accurately measure the temperature of the measurement target M existing in the external space of a harsh environment such as containing mist by generating an air flow having an optimum flow rate in the vicinity of the lens 11.
　ミストを噴霧する温室Ｇにて育成されるトマトの葉温（すなわち、測定対象Ｍがトマトの葉）を測定するために本実施形態の温度計１００を実際に用いた場合、図７に示すように、温度計１００は、実際の葉温に近い測定結果を示していた。なお、図７において、実線が温度計１００による葉温の測定結果である。
　図７は、温度計による測定対象の温度の実測結果の一例を示す図である。 When the thermometer 100 of the present embodiment is actually used to measure the leaf temperature of tomatoes grown in the greenhouse G sprayed with mist (that is, the measurement target M is a tomato leaf), as shown in FIG. In addition, the thermometer 100 showed a measurement result close to the actual leaf temperature. In FIG. 7, the solid line is the measurement result of the leaf temperature by the thermometer 100.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the actual measurement result of the temperature of the object to be measured by the thermometer.
２．第２実施形態
　上記にて説明した第１実施形態に係る温度計１００は、ミストが噴霧される温室Ｇで育成中の野菜（トマト）や果物（いちご）の所定位置（葉、実など）の温度を正確に測定できる。野菜や果物など植物を測定対象Ｍとする温度測定において、できうる限り、測定対象Ｍの特定の位置の温度を測定したい場合がある。つまり、温度計１００と測定対象Ｍとの相対的な位置を固定したい場合がある。 2. Second Embodiment The thermometer 100 according to the first embodiment described above is a predetermined position (leaves, fruits, etc.) of vegetables (tomatoes) and fruits (strawberry) being grown in greenhouse G where mist is sprayed. The temperature can be measured accurately. In temperature measurement using a plant such as a vegetable or fruit as the measurement target M, it may be desired to measure the temperature at a specific position of the measurement target M as much as possible. That is, there is a case where it is desired to fix the relative position between the thermometer 100 and the measurement target M.
　測定場所の特定をする方法としては、レーザーマーカー又はＬＥＤから照射された光で測定場所を示す方法がある。しかし、この方法は、日中の太陽光の下では太陽光が強すぎ、マーカが非常に見づらいか、又は、マーカが見えない。
　また、レーザーマーカーは常時照射することができないので、測定場所を確認する毎にレーザーマーカーを照射する必要がある。測定場所を確認する毎にレーザーマーカーを照射する操作をするときに、測定場所がずれる可能性がある。 As a method of specifying the measurement location, there is a method of indicating the measurement location with the light emitted from the laser marker or the LED. However, in this method, the sunlight is too strong under the sunlight in the daytime, and the marker is very difficult to see or the marker cannot be seen.
Moreover, since the laser marker cannot be constantly irradiated, it is necessary to irradiate the laser marker every time the measurement location is confirmed. When the operation of irradiating the laser marker is performed every time the measurement location is confirmed, the measurement location may shift.
　そこで、第２実施形態に係る温度計２００は、測定対象Ｍとの相対的な位置をできうる限り固定するために、測定対象Ｍの動きを制限する制限部材２０をさらに備える。具体的には、図８に示すように、温度計２００の第２筐体５の左右側面と上面に合計３つの制限部材２０が設けられる。なお、第２筐体５の左右側面に設けられた一対の制限部材２０の高さ方向の位置は、第２開口Ｏ２（第１開口Ｏ１）が設けられた位置とすることが好ましい。図８は、第２実施形態に係る温度計の構成を示す図である。 Therefore, the thermometer 200 according to the second embodiment further includes a limiting member 20 that limits the movement of the measurement target M in order to fix the position relative to the measurement target M as much as possible. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, a total of three limiting members 20 are provided on the left and right side surfaces and the upper surface of the second housing 5 of the thermometer 200. The position of the pair of limiting members 20 provided on the left and right side surfaces of the second housing 5 in the height direction is preferably the position where the second opening O2 (first opening O1) is provided. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a thermometer according to the second embodiment.
　なお、第２実施形態に係る温度計２００は、第２筐体５に制限部材２０が固定される以外は、第１実施形態に係る温度計１００と同じ構成及び機能を有する。従って、ここでは、制限部材２０以外の説明は省略する。 The thermometer 200 according to the second embodiment has the same configuration and function as the thermometer 100 according to the first embodiment, except that the limiting member 20 is fixed to the second housing 5. Therefore, the description other than the limiting member 20 will be omitted here.
　また、図９Ａ及び図９Ｂに示すように、制限部材２０には、複数の目盛り２１ａ～２１ｄが付されている。具体的には、１つの目盛り２１ａが、第２筐体５の前端（第２開口Ｏ２）に対応する位置に付されている。他の目盛り２１ｂ～２１ｄは、第２筐体５の前端から離れる方向に等間隔に付されている。図９Ａは、第２実施形態に係る温度計の側面図である。図９Ｂは、第２実施形態に係る温度計の上面図である。
　なお、図９Ａ及び図９Ｂに示す例では、制限部材２０に付する目盛り２１ａ～２１ｄの数は４であるが、温度計２００の使用条件等によりこの数は任意とできる。また、２つの目盛りの間隔は温度計２００の使用条件等により任意とできる。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the limiting member 20 is provided with a plurality of scales 21a to 21d. Specifically, one scale 21a is attached at a position corresponding to the front end (second opening O2) of the second housing 5. The other scales 21b to 21d are provided at equal intervals in the direction away from the front end of the second housing 5. FIG. 9A is a side view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment. FIG. 9B is a top view of the thermometer according to the second embodiment.
In the examples shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the number of scales 21a to 21d attached to the limiting member 20 is 4, but this number can be arbitrary depending on the usage conditions of the thermometer 200 and the like. Further, the distance between the two scales can be made arbitrary depending on the usage conditions of the thermometer 200 and the like.
　図８～図９Ｂに示すような制限部材２０を設けることにより、第２実施形態に係る温度計２００は、図９Ａ及び図９Ｂに示すように、制限部材２０の内側に測定対象Ｍを収めて、第２筐体５に対して相対移動可能な範囲を制限できる。その結果、温度計２００は、測定対象Ｍの特定の位置の温度を継続して測定できる。
　また、制限部材２０に目盛り２１ａ～２１ｄを付することにより、測定対象Ｍと第２開口Ｏ２（すなわち、放射温度計１のレンズ１１）との間の距離を視覚的に認識できる。その結果、例えば、測定対象Ｍとレンズ１１との間の距離が温度測定可能な範囲にあるかを視覚的に確認できる。また、例えば、温度測定可能な範囲において、目盛り２１ａ～２１ｄを用いて測定対象Ｍとレンズ１１との距離を調整することで、測定対象Ｍの温度測定する領域の大きさ（面積）を調整できる。 By providing the limiting member 20 as shown in FIGS. 8 to 9B, the thermometer 200 according to the second embodiment accommodates the measurement target M inside the limiting member 20 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. , The range in which the relative movement is possible with respect to the second housing 5 can be limited. As a result, the thermometer 200 can continuously measure the temperature at a specific position of the measurement target M.
Further, by attaching the scales 21a to 21d to the limiting member 20, the distance between the measurement target M and the second opening O2 (that is, the lens 11 of the radiation thermometer 1) can be visually recognized. As a result, for example, it is possible to visually confirm whether the distance between the measurement target M and the lens 11 is within the temperature measurable range. Further, for example, the size (area) of the temperature measuring region of the measurement target M can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the measurement target M and the lens 11 using the scales 21a to 21d in the temperature measurable range. ..
　なお、図８～図９Ｂに示すように、上記の第２実施形態では、制限部材２０は棒状の部材である。しかし、これに限られず、制限部材２０は、測定対象を保持できれば任意の形状（例えば、円形など）とできる。 As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9B, in the second embodiment described above, the limiting member 20 is a rod-shaped member. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the limiting member 20 can have an arbitrary shape (for example, a circular shape) as long as the measurement target can be held.
３．他の実施形態
　以上、本発明の複数の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。特に、本明細書に書かれた複数の実施形態及び変形例は必要に応じて任意に組み合せ可能である。
　（Ａ）上記の第１実施形態及び第２実施形態で説明した温度計１００、２００は、ミストが噴霧される温室Ｇ以外にも、例えば食品工場などの湯気（ミスト状の水滴）が発生するか、及び／又は、温度変動が激しい生産プラントにおいて、製品の温度を測定するなどの目的に使用することもできる。 3. 3. Other Embodiments Although the plurality of embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. In particular, the plurality of embodiments and modifications described herein can be arbitrarily combined as needed.
(A) The thermometers 100 and 200 described in the first and second embodiments described above generate steam (mist-like water droplets) in, for example, a food factory in addition to the greenhouse G on which the mist is sprayed. It can also be used for purposes such as measuring the temperature of a product in a production plant where the temperature fluctuates sharply.
　（Ｂ）上記の第１実施形態及び第２実施形態で説明した温度計１００、２００の温度の測定結果は、例えば、演算部１７から他の装置へと送信され、当該装置を制御するために用いられてもよい。例えば、温度計１００、２００で測定した野菜や果物などの温度の測定結果を温室Ｇの他の装置を制御するために用いて、当該野菜や果物の育成条件を調整できる。 (B) The temperature measurement results of the thermometers 100 and 200 described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are transmitted from the calculation unit 17 to another device, for example, in order to control the device. It may be used. For example, the temperature measurement results of vegetables and fruits measured by thermometers 100 and 200 can be used to control other devices in the greenhouse G to adjust the growing conditions of the vegetables and fruits.
　（Ｃ）上記の第１実施形態及び第２実施形態で説明した温度計１００、２００の第２筐体５（特に、第２蓋部材５ｂ）の内側（放射温度計１が収納される側）に、第２筐体５を冷却する冷却装置を設けてもよい。この冷却装置としては、例えば、ペルチェ素子を使用できる。
　例えば、外部空間の温度が非常に高温となると、第２筐体５が外部空間により熱せられ、第２内部空間Ｓ２の温度が上昇することがある。第２内部空間Ｓ２の温度が外部空間の影響を受けると、ヒーター３により第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度を一定に調整していても、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度が、第２内部空間Ｓ２の温度の影響を受けうる。従って、第２筐体５に冷却装置を設けることで、外部空間の温度により、第１内部空間の温度が影響を受けることを抑制できる。 (C) Inside the second housing 5 (particularly, the second lid member 5b) of the thermometers 100 and 200 described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment (the side where the radiation thermometer 1 is housed). May be provided with a cooling device for cooling the second housing 5. As this cooling device, for example, a Perche element can be used.
For example, when the temperature of the external space becomes very high, the second housing 5 may be heated by the external space, and the temperature of the second internal space S2 may rise. When the temperature of the second internal space S2 is affected by the external space, the temperature of the first internal space S1 becomes the temperature of the second internal space S2 even if the temperature of the first internal space S1 is adjusted to be constant by the heater 3. Can be affected by temperature. Therefore, by providing the cooling device in the second housing 5, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the first internal space from being affected by the temperature of the external space.
　（Ｄ）例えば、第１内部空間Ｓ１の温度を外部空間の温度よりも高くしても外部空間の空気が流入する場合、及び／又は、第１内部空間Ｓ１から外部空間へ大きな流量で空気を流出させても測定対象Ｍの温度に影響を与えにくい場合などには、第１筐体４及び／又は第２筐体５の背後側（第１開口Ｏ１、第２開口Ｏ２が設けられた側とは反対側）にファンなどのガス流を発生させる装置を設け、当該装置により第１内部空間Ｓ１から外部空間へ空気を流出させてもよい。 (D) For example, when the air in the external space flows in even if the temperature of the first internal space S1 is higher than the temperature of the external space, and / or, the air is sent from the first internal space S1 to the external space at a large flow rate. If it is difficult to affect the temperature of the measurement target M even if it flows out, the back side of the first housing 4 and / or the second housing 5 (the side provided with the first opening O1 and the second opening O2). A device for generating a gas flow such as a fan may be provided on the opposite side), and the air may flow out from the first internal space S1 to the external space by the device.
　本発明は、外部空間に存在する測定対象から発生する赤外線の強度に基づいて、測定対象の温度を測定する温度計に広く適用できる。 The present invention can be widely applied to a thermometer that measures the temperature of a measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
１００、２００       温度計
１     放射温度計
１１   レンズ
１３   赤外線センサー
１３１ 受光部材
１３３ 熱電対
１３３ａ      第１金属部材
１３３ｂ      第２金属部材
１３５ 出力端子
ＣＰ   冷接点
１５   信号変換器
１７   演算部
２     載置部材
２ａ   固定部材
３     ヒーター
３ａ   温度コントローラ
３ｂ   ヒーター駆動部
３ｃ   サーモスタット
４     第１筐体
４ａ   第１底部材
４ｂ   第１蓋部材
Ｓ１   第１内部空間
Ｔ１   第１温度
Ｏ１   第１開口
５     第２筐体
５ａ   第２底部材
５ｂ   第２蓋部材
Ｓ２   第２内部空間
Ｔ２   第２温度
Ｏ２   第２開口
６     三脚固定部
２０   制限部材
２１ａ、２１ｂ、２１ｃ、２１ｄ            目盛り
３００ 三脚
Ｇ     温室
Ｐ     場所
Ｍ     測定対象
ＩＲ   赤外線 100, 200 Thermometer 1 Radiation thermometer 11 Lens 13 Infrared sensor 131 Light receiving member 133 Thermocouple 133a First metal member 133b Second metal member 135 Output terminal CP Cold contact 15 Signal converter 17 Calculation unit 2 Mounting member 2a Fixing member 3 Heater 3a Temperature controller 3b Heater drive unit 3c Thermometer 4 First housing 4a First bottom member 4b First lid member S1 First internal space T1 First temperature O1 First opening 5 Second housing 5a Second bottom member 5b 2nd lid member S2 2nd internal space T2 2nd temperature O2 2nd opening 6 Tripod fixing part 20 Restricting member 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d Scale 300 Tripod G Greenhouse P Place M Measurement target IR Infrared

Claims (9)

  1. 　外部空間に存在する測定対象から発生する赤外線の強度に基づいて前記測定対象の温度を測定する温度計であって、
    　前記赤外線を検出する赤外線センサーと、前記赤外線センサーに前記赤外線を受光させるレンズと、を有する放射温度計と、
    　前記放射温度計を内部空間に収納する第１筐体と、
    　前記第１筐体に設けられ、前記レンズと前記外部空間とを貫通させる第１開口と、
    　前記第１筐体の内部空間の温度を、前記外部空間の温度で上限となる温度よりも高い第１温度で安定させる温度維持装置と、
    　を備える、温度計。     A thermometer that measures the temperature of the measurement target based on the intensity of infrared rays generated from the measurement target existing in the external space.
    A radiation thermometer having an infrared sensor that detects infrared rays and a lens that causes the infrared sensor to receive the infrared rays.
    The first housing that houses the radiation thermometer in the internal space,
    A first opening provided in the first housing and penetrating the lens and the external space,
    A temperature maintenance device that stabilizes the temperature of the internal space of the first housing at a first temperature higher than the upper limit of the temperature of the external space, and
    Equipped with a thermometer.
  2. 　前記第１筐体を収納する第２筐体と、
    　前記第２筐体において前記第１開口に対応する位置に設けられ、前記第１開口と共に前記レンズと前記外部空間とを貫通させる第２開口と、
    　をさらに備える、請求項１に記載の温度計。     A second housing for storing the first housing and
    A second opening provided in the second housing at a position corresponding to the first opening and penetrating the lens and the external space together with the first opening.
    The thermometer according to claim 1, further comprising.
  3. 　前記第２筐体を冷却する冷却装置をさらに備える、請求項２に記載の温度計。 The thermometer according to claim 2, further comprising a cooling device for cooling the second housing.
  4. 　前記赤外線センサーは、
    　前記赤外線を受光して熱を発生する受光部材と、
    　基準温度と前記受光部材の温度との差分に応じた熱起電力を発生する熱電対と、
    　を有する、請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の温度計。     The infrared sensor
    A light receiving member that receives infrared rays and generates heat, and
    A thermocouple that generates a thermoelectromotive force according to the difference between the reference temperature and the temperature of the light receiving member.
    The thermometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　前記放射温度計を載置する載置部材をさらに備え、
    　前記温度維持装置は前記載置部材に固定される、請求項１～４のいずれかに記載の温度計。     Further provided with a mounting member on which the radiation thermometer is mounted,
    The thermometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature maintaining device is fixed to the above-mentioned placing member.
  6. 　前記第１筐体の内部空間の温度が前記第１温度よりも所定の温度だけ高い第２温度になったら、前記温度維持装置を停止させる停止装置をさらに備える、請求項１～５のいずれかに記載の温度計。 Any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a stop device for stopping the temperature maintenance device when the temperature of the internal space of the first housing reaches a second temperature higher than the first temperature by a predetermined temperature. The thermometer described in.
  7. 　前記第１筐体は金属又は樹脂にて構成される、請求項１～６のいずれかに記載の温度計。 The thermometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first housing is made of metal or resin.
  8. 　前記測定対象の動きを制限する制限部材をさらに備える、請求項１～７のいずれかに記載の温度計。 The thermometer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a limiting member for limiting the movement of the measurement target.
  9. 　前記外部空間はミストを含む、請求項１～８のいずれかに記載の温度計。 The thermometer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the external space contains mist.
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