WO2021159790A1 - 一种石油加氢裂解反应装置 - Google Patents

一种石油加氢裂解反应装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159790A1
WO2021159790A1 PCT/CN2020/128154 CN2020128154W WO2021159790A1 WO 2021159790 A1 WO2021159790 A1 WO 2021159790A1 CN 2020128154 W CN2020128154 W CN 2020128154W WO 2021159790 A1 WO2021159790 A1 WO 2021159790A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
tank
inlet pipe
petroleum
tank body
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PCT/CN2020/128154
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马海峰
王浩然
崔云龙
李云霄
赵培和
Original Assignee
东营联合石化有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2021159790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159790A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
    • C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/02—Gasoline
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil

Definitions

  • the invention mainly relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device.
  • gasoline and diesel fuel as automobile fuels account for more than half, while the light fractions such as gasoline and diesel in general crude oil are only about 1/4. There is a big gap, and the quality is not up to the requirements.
  • the industry now generally uses the process of hydrocracking petroleum to degrade petroleum, thereby increasing the output of light fuel oil.
  • the fluidized bed process is mainly used to complete the cracking of petroleum, but the hydrocracking of petroleum has proved that the reaction rate is faster under pressure and high temperature environment.
  • the fluidized bed can only meet the high temperature environment, and its pressure environment is difficult to operate.
  • the technical staff of our company combined the gas cycle hydrogenation technology in the hydrocracking process of naphtha, innovated the hydrocracking process of petroleum, and designed this petroleum hydrocracking equipment that can be applied to industrial production.
  • the present invention provides a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device, which can provide a high temperature and high pressure environment for the hydrocracking process in the petroleum industry, thereby greatly improving the hydrocracking efficiency of petroleum. Increase the output of light oil and fuel oil.
  • a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device comprising a reaction tank, a hydrogen source, a petroleum supply device, and a control box.
  • the reaction tank includes an outer tank body and an inner tank body, and a buffer cavity is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body ,
  • the inner tank body is a reaction chamber, the reaction tank is provided with an inlet pipe, an oil inlet pipe, and a feed pipe penetrating the outer tank body and the inner tank body, and the inlet pipe part and the oil inlet pipe part in the reaction chamber are disposed opposite to each other ,
  • the feed pipe in the reaction chamber is located between the gas inlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe, the feed pipe is located outside the reaction tank at one end provided with a sealed feeding tank, the top of the inner tank body is provided with an air outlet, and the inner tank body
  • An oil outlet is arranged at the bottom, an oil guide tube is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body, a filter is connected in series to the oil guide tube, an air guide tube is arranged on the top
  • the outer tank body and the inner tank body are both pressure tanks.
  • the hydrogen source is a high-pressure hydrogen pump.
  • the oil supply device is an oil storage tank and a heavy oil pump, and the heavy oil pump pumps the oil in the oil storage tank into the reaction chamber through an oil inlet pipe.
  • the oil guide pipe is connected to a tee, the tee is located downstream of the filter, one of the branches is connected to the oil storage tank, the other branch is connected to the product oil tank, and each branch is provided with a control box Electrically controlled valve for signal connection.
  • a water cooler is arranged on the outer wall of the oil guide pipe.
  • the heating device is an electric heater.
  • An air nozzle is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe located in the inner tank body, and an oil injection nozzle is arranged at one end of the oil inlet pipe located in the inner tank body, and the air jet nozzle is arranged opposite to the oil injection nozzle.
  • the hydrogen, petroleum and catalyst are simultaneously introduced into the reaction chamber to make the three contact in real time, and the mixed reaction is carried out in a high temperature and high pressure environment, which can increase the contact area of the three, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of petroleum hydrocracking.
  • the output of gasoline and diesel oil from the hydrocracking of petroleum can be increased, and the effect of technological innovation can be achieved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of part A of the present invention
  • the petroleum hydrocracking reaction device of the present invention includes a reaction tank 1, a hydrogen source 2, a petroleum supply device 3, and a control box 4.
  • the reaction tank 1 includes an outer tank body 11 and The inner tank body 12, the buffer chamber 13 is formed between the inner tank body 12 and the outer tank body 11. Using bolts to fix, the restriction frame realizes the installation of the inner tank in the outer tank.
  • Inside the inner tank 12 is a reaction chamber 14, which is a reaction site for the hydrocatalytic cracking of petroleum. By adding hydrogen into the inner tank, a certain pressure can be formed in the reaction tank, thereby creating a pressure environment and improving the hydrocracking efficiency of petroleum.
  • the reaction tank 1 is provided with an inlet pipe 15, an oil inlet pipe 16 and a feed pipe 21 penetrating the outer tank body 11 and the inner tank body 12, and the inlet pipe 15 part and the oil inlet pipe 16 part in the reaction chamber 14 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the openings of the inlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe are located opposite to each other at the bottom of the inner tank, so that the sprayed hydrogen and oil are opposed to each other, so that the two can be better mixed.
  • the feeding pipe 21 in the reaction chamber 14 is located between the inlet pipe 15 and the oil inlet pipe 16.
  • the feeding pipe 21 is located outside the reaction tank 1 at one end provided with a sealed feeding tank 22, and the catalyst is stored in the feeding tank.
  • the top of the inner tank 12 is provided with a gas outlet 17 which releases the methane, ethylene and other gases produced by the reaction to the buffer chamber. As the generated gas accumulates, it also provides a high-pressure environment for the reaction chamber and the buffer chamber. Promote the efficiency of petroleum hydrocracking reaction.
  • An oil outlet 18 is opened at the bottom of the inner tank 12, and the oil outlet serves as an outlet for the reacted petroleum, so that the petroleum is buffered in the buffer cavity.
  • An oil guide tube 19 is provided at the bottom of the outer tank 11, and a filter 23 is connected in series to the oil guide tube 19, and the catalyst flows out from the oil guide tube with petroleum and is filtered by the filter. During the reaction process, the surface of the catalyst will be covered by the coke particles produced by the reaction, and the filtered catalyst can be re-added to the feed tank to wait for the subsequent catalysis task after being burned at a high temperature.
  • An air duct 20 is provided on the top of the outer tank body 11, and a heating device 41 is provided outside the outer tank body 11. The heating device provides heat for the petroleum hydrocracking reaction to the reaction tank, and the interval of the buffer chamber makes the temperature in the reaction chamber uniform , The hydrocracking reaction of petroleum is more stable.
  • the buffer chamber 13 and/or the inner tank 12 are provided with a pressure sensor 42 and a temperature sensor 43.
  • the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure in the reaction tank and transmit the pressure signal to the control box
  • the temperature sensor is used to detect The temperature in the reaction tank and the temperature signal is transmitted to the control box.
  • a liquid level sensor 44 is provided in the buffer cavity 13, and the liquid level sensor is used to detect the height of the petroleum liquid level in the buffer cavity and transmit the liquid level signal to the control box.
  • the hydrogen source 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 15, and the petroleum supply device 3 is connected to an oil inlet pipe 16.
  • the air inlet pipe 15, the oil inlet pipe 16, the oil guide pipe 19, the feed pipe 21 and the air guide pipe 20 are all provided with
  • the electric control valve 44, the hydrogen source 2, the petroleum supply device 3, the heating device 41, the pressure sensor 42, the temperature sensor 43, and the liquid level sensor 44 are all signally connected to the control box 4.
  • the control box controls the actions of the electric control valves and heating equipment through the signals transmitted back by the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the liquid level sensor, thereby controlling the collection of the gas-rich methane, ethylene and other generated gas by the final gas pipe and the oil pipe The collection of oil.
  • the outer tank body 11 and the inner tank body 12 are both pressure tanks, and both the outer tank body and the inner tank body can withstand a maximum pressure of 6 MPa.
  • the outer tank body and the inner tank body are used as pressure vessels to enable the hydrocracking reaction of petroleum to proceed in a pressure environment, thereby improving the reaction efficiency and preventing the entry of air from causing an explosion.
  • the hydrogen source 2 is a high-pressure hydrogen pump.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen pump is higher than the highest pressure that the inner and outer tanks can bear to ensure the smooth introduction of hydrogen into the reaction chamber.
  • the oil supply device 3 is an oil storage tank 31 and a heavy oil pump 32, and the heavy oil pump 32 pumps the oil in the oil storage tank 31 into the reaction chamber 14 through the oil inlet pipe 16.
  • the heavy oil pump Through the heavy oil pump, the oil can be sprayed in the reaction chamber under the pressure environment, so that the oil and the hydrogen are opposed, and the two are fully mixed, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
  • the oil guide pipe 19 is connected to a tee, the tee is located downstream of the filter 23, one of the branches is connected to the oil storage tank 31, the other branch is connected to the product oil tank, and each branch is connected to the oil storage tank 31.
  • Electrically controlled valves 45 connected to the control box 4 for signals are provided on the road.
  • the branch connected with the oil storage tank can return to the oil tank after hydrocracking, so that the oil undergoes a cyclic reaction process, thereby improving the production efficiency of gasoline and diesel for the batch of oil.
  • the density of the oil is detected by sampling. When the density reaches a certain density, the oil is collected through the branch connected to the product oil tank, and then separated to obtain light oil products such as gasoline and diesel.
  • a water cooler 46 is provided on the outer wall of the oil guide pipe 19.
  • the water cooler adopts circulating water cooling equipment to cool down, so that the petroleum products after hydrocracking are collected at room temperature.
  • the heating device is an electric heater.
  • the temperature of the electric heating equipment is easy to adjust and the heat is uniform, which can make the hydrocracking reaction of petroleum proceed more uniformly.
  • the air inlet pipe 15 is located in the inner tank 12 with an air nozzle 47 at one end
  • the oil inlet pipe 16 is located in the inner tank 12 at one end with an oil nozzle 48
  • the air nozzle 47 is arranged opposite to the oil nozzle 48.
  • the control box of this device is an electric control cabinet with a built-in single-chip microcomputer.
  • the filtered oil is first introduced into the oil storage tank, and then hydrogen is introduced into the reaction tank through a hydrogen pump, and the air in it is discharged.
  • the electric heating device is used to heat the reaction tank.
  • the control box controls the heavy oil pump to supply oil to the reaction chamber, and controls the electric control valve on the feed pipe to open,
  • the catalyst is slowly released between the air nozzle and the fuel injection nozzle. At this time, the hydrogen released by the air injection nozzle is opposed to the petroleum released by the fuel injection nozzle, mixed with the catalyst, and reacts under pressure and high temperature environment.
  • the reaction process will produce gases rich in methane, ethylene, etc., and hydrogen will gradually be enriched.
  • the discharge of petroleum will also increase the pressure in it.
  • the electric control valve of the gas pipe opens to remove the gas.
  • the electric control valve of the oil guide tube opens to export the oil, and when the oil level is lower than 1/5 of the outer tank
  • the electric control valve of the oil guide tube is closed.
  • the exported oil is filtered by the filter device to filter out the catalyst, it can be collected again in the oil storage tank or directly collected by the product oil tank.
  • the filtered catalyst is collected and burned at a high temperature, and the coke particles adsorbed on the surface are burned clean and reserved for subsequent catalytic use.
  • the temperature of this reaction should be controlled between 700-1000°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，包括反应罐(1)、氢气源(2)、石油供给装置(3)与控制箱(4)，所述反应罐(1)包括外罐体(11)与内罐体(12)，所述反应罐(1)上设置贯穿外罐体(11)与内罐体(12)的进气管(15)、进油管(16)与进料管(21)，所述进料管(21)位于反应罐(1)外部一端设置密封添料罐(22)，所述内罐体(12)顶部设置出气口(17)，所述内罐体(12)底部设置出油口(18)，所述外罐体(11)底部设置导油管(19)，所述导油管(19)上串接过滤器(23)，所述外罐体(11)顶部设置导气管(20)，所述外罐体(11)外部设置加热设备(41)。所述反应装置能够为石油工业生产中的加氢裂解工序提供高温高压的环境，从而极大地提高石油的加氢裂解效率，提高轻质油燃油的产量。

Description

一种石油加氢裂解反应装置 技术领域
本发明主要涉及石油化工领域，具体是一种石油加氢裂解反应装置。
 背景技术
目前，在石油产品中，作为汽车燃料的汽油和柴油的数量要占到一多半，而一般原油中含有的汽油、柴油这样的轻质馏分只有1/4左右，光是从数量上看就有很大差距，同时在质量上也达不到要求。为了提高轻质油（汽油、柴油）的产量，现在工业上一般通过对石油加氢裂解的工艺来对石油进行劣化处理，从而提高轻质燃油的产量。目前主要利用流化床工艺来完成石油的裂解，但是石油的加氢裂解经试验证明在压力与高温环境下反应速率更快，流化床仅仅能满足高温环境，其压力环境很难操作。我公司技术人员结合了石脑油的加氢裂解工艺中的气体循环加氢技术，将石油的加氢裂解工艺进行革新，设计出本款可应用于工业生产的石油加氢裂解设备。
 技术解决方案
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，它能够为石油工业生产中的加氢裂解工序提供高温高压的环境，从而极大地提高石油的加氢裂解效率，提高轻质油燃油的产量。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：
一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，包括反应罐、氢气源、石油供给装置与控制箱，所述反应罐包括外罐体与内罐体，所述内罐体与外罐体之间为缓冲腔，所述内罐体内为反应腔，所述反应罐上设置贯穿外罐体与内罐体的进气管、进油管与进料管，所述反应腔内的进气管部分与进油管部分相对设置，所述反应腔内的进料管位于进气管与进油管之间，所述进料管位于反应罐外部一端设置密封添料罐，所述内罐体顶部设置出气口，所述内罐体底部设置出油口，所述外罐体底部设置导油管，所述导油管上串接过滤器，所述外罐体顶部设置导气管，所述外罐体外部设置加热设备，所述缓冲腔和/或内罐体内设置压力传感器与温度传感器，所述缓冲腔内设置液位传感器，所述氢气源与进气管相连接，所述石油供给装置与进油管相连接，所述进气管、进油管、导油管、进料管和导气管上均设置电控阀门，所述氢气源、石油供给装置、加热设备、压力传感器、温度传感器、液位传感器均与控制箱信号连接。
所述外罐体与内罐体均为压力罐。
所述氢气源为高压氢气泵。
所述石油供给装置为储油罐与重油泵，所述重油泵将储油罐内的石油通过进油管泵入反应腔内。
所述导油管连接三通，所述三通位于过滤器下游，其中一个支路与储油罐相连接，另一支路与成品油罐相连接，每条所述支路上均设置与控制箱信号连接的电控阀门。
所述导油管外壁上设置水冷器。
所述加热设备为电加热器。
所述进气管位于内罐体内一端设置喷气嘴，所述进油管位于内罐体内一端设置喷油嘴，所述喷气嘴与喷油嘴相对设置。
 有益效果
对比现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过将氢气、石油与催化剂同步导入到反应腔内，使三者实时接触，在高温高压环境内进行混合反应，可提高三者的接触面积，从而极大地提高石油加氢裂解的效率，从而提高石油加氢裂解的汽油、柴油产量，起到工艺革新的效果。
 附图说明
附图1是本发明结构示意图；
附图2是本发明A部局部放大结构示意图
附图中所示标号：1、反应罐；2、氢气源；3、石油供给装置；4、控制箱；11、外罐体；12、内罐体；13、缓冲腔；14、反应腔；15、进气管；16、进油管；17、出气口；18、出油口；19、导油管；20、导气管；21、进料管；22、添料罐；23、过滤器；31、储油罐；32、重油泵；41、加热设备；42、压力传感器；43、温度传感器；44、液位传感器；45、电控阀门；46、水冷器；47、喷气嘴；48、喷油嘴。
 本发明的实施方式
结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所限定的范围。
如图1-2所示，本发明所述一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，包括反应罐1、氢气源2、石油供给装置3与控制箱4，所述反应罐1包括外罐体11与内罐体12，所述内罐体12与外罐体11之间为缓冲腔13，所述外罐体内壁焊接与外罐体外壁相接触的限制框，所述限制框与内罐体外壁利用螺栓固定，所述限制框实现内罐体在外罐体内的安装。所述内罐体12内为反应腔14，所述反应腔即为石油加氢催化裂解的反应场所。通过氢气在内罐体内的加入，可使反应罐内形成一定的压力，从而制造出压力环境，使石油的加氢裂解效率得到提升。所述反应罐1上设置贯穿外罐体11与内罐体12的进气管15、进油管16与进料管21，所述反应腔14内的进气管15部分与进油管16部分相对设置，作为优选的，所述进气管与进油管开口均位于内罐体底部相对设置，使喷出的氢气与石油对冲，以使两者更好的混合。所述反应腔14内的进料管21位于进气管15与进油管16之间，所述进料管21位于反应罐1外部一端设置密封添料罐22，所述添料罐内存储催化剂，在重力作用下催化剂落入反应腔内并在进气管与进油管两者之间将催化剂释放，从而实现催化剂与氢气、石油的混合，以达到催化效果。所述内罐体12顶部设置出气口17，所述出气口将反应产生的富甲烷、乙烯等气体释放到缓冲腔，随着生成气体的堆积，同样为反应腔与缓冲腔内提供高压环境，促进石油加氢裂解反应的效率。所述内罐体12底部开设出油口18，所述出油口作为反应后石油的排出口，使石油在缓冲腔内进行缓冲。所述外罐体11底部设置导油管19，所述导油管19上串接过滤器23，所述催化剂随石油自导油管流出，在过滤器被过滤。催化剂在反应过程中，其表面会被反应生成的焦粒覆盖，过滤出的催化剂在高温灼烧后可重新加入到添料罐内等待后续催化任务。所述外罐体11顶部设置导气管20，所述外罐体11外部设置加热设备41，所述加热设备为反应罐提供石油加氢裂解反应的热量，缓冲腔的间隔使反应腔内温度均匀，石油的加氢裂解反应更稳定。所述缓冲腔13和/或内罐体12内设置压力传感器42与温度传感器43，所述压力传感器用于检测反应罐内的压力并将压力信号传递到控制箱，所述温度传感器用于检测反应罐内的温度并将温度信号传递到控制箱。所述缓冲腔13内设置液位传感器44，所述液位传感器用于检测缓冲腔内的石油液位高度，并将液位信号传递到控制箱。所述氢气源2与进气管15相连接，所述石油供给装置3与进油管16相连接，所述进气管15、进油管16、导油管19、进料管21和导气管20上均设置电控阀门44，所述氢气源2、石油供给装置3、加热设备41、压力传感器42、温度传感器43、液位传感器44均与控制箱4信号连接。所述控制箱通过压力传感器、温度传感器与液位传感器传递回的信号，控制着各电控阀门、加热设备的动作，从而控制着最终导气管对富甲烷、乙烯等生成气的收集以及导油管对石油的收集。
具体的，所述外罐体11与内罐体12均为压力罐，所述外罐体与内罐体均可最高承受6MPa压力。外罐体与内罐体作为压力容器，可使石油加氢裂解的反应能够在压力环境中进行，从而提高反应效率，并可防止空气进入引发爆炸。
具体的，所述氢气源2为高压氢气泵。所述高压氢气泵的压力高于内、外罐体所能承担最高压力，以保证氢气顺畅的导入反应腔内。
具体的，所述石油供给装置3为储油罐31与重油泵32，所述重油泵32将储油罐31内的石油通过进油管16泵入反应腔14内。通过重油泵可以使石油在压力环境下的反应腔内实现喷涌效果，从而使石油与氢气对冲，是两者充分混合，从而提高反应速率。
具体的，所述导油管19连接三通，所述三通位于过滤器23下游，其中一个支路与储油罐31相连接，另一支路与成品油罐相连接，每条所述支路上均设置与控制箱4信号连接的电控阀门45。与储油罐相连接的支路可将经过加氢裂解后的时候返回油罐，从而使石油进行循环的反应过程，从而提高该批次石油的汽油、柴油生产效率。通过取样检测石油的密度，当密度达到一定的密度后，通过与成品油罐相连的支路将石油进行收集，然后进行分离得到汽油、柴油等轻质油品。
具体的，所述导油管19外壁上设置水冷器46。所述水冷器采用循环水冷设备进行降温，使经过加氢裂解后的石油产品在常温收集。
具体的，所述加热设备为电加热器。电加热设备温度容易调节，热量均匀，可以使石油的加氢裂解反应更为均匀的进行。
具体的，所述进气管15位于内罐体12内一端安装喷气嘴47，所述进油管16位于内罐体12内一端安装喷油嘴48，所述喷气嘴47与喷油嘴48相对设置，使氢气气流可以与喷出的石油在较为稳定的流速下对冲，从而将氢气与石油更好的混合，以提高石油的加氢裂解反应效率。
实施例：
本装置的控制箱为内置单片机的电控柜，本装置在使用时，首先将经过过滤的石油引入储油罐内，然后通过氢气泵向反应罐内通入氢气，将其中的空气排出，然后利用电加热装置对反应罐加热，当反应罐内的温度达到700度、压力达到1.6MPa时，控制箱控制重油泵向反应腔内供油，并控制进料管上的电控阀门开启，向喷气嘴与喷油嘴之间缓慢释放催化剂，此时喷气嘴释放的氢气与喷油嘴释放的石油对冲，与催化剂相互混合，在压力与高温环境下进行反应。反应过程会产生富甲烷、乙烯等气体，且氢气也会逐渐富集，同时石油的排放也会增加其中的压力，当反应罐内压力超过2.5MPa时，导气管的电控阀打开，将气体进行收集后做下一步分离处理，当反应罐内石油液位超过1/2外罐体高度时，导油管的电控阀门打开，将石油导出，且当石油液位低于1/5外罐体高度时导油管的电控阀门关闭。导出的石油经过过滤装置将催化剂过滤出后，可重新汇集到储油罐内或者直接被成品油罐收集。过滤的催化剂收集起来进行高温灼烧，将其表面吸附的焦粒灼烧净后留待后续催化使用。本反应的温度应控制在700-1000℃之间。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，包括反应罐（1）、氢气源（2）、石油供给装置（3）与控制箱（4），其特征是：所述反应罐（1）包括外罐体（11）与内罐体（12），所述内罐体（12）与外罐体（11）之间为缓冲腔（13），所述内罐体（12）内为反应腔（14），所述反应罐（1）上设置贯穿外罐体（11）与内罐体（12）的进气管（15）、进油管（16）与进料管（21），所述反应腔（14）内的进气管（15）部分与进油管（16）部分相对设置，所述反应腔（14）内的进料管（21）位于进气管（15）与进油管（16）之间，所述进料管（21）位于反应罐（1）外部一端设置密封添料罐（22），所述内罐体（12）顶部设置出气口（17），所述内罐体（12）底部设置出油口（18），所述外罐体（11）底部设置导油管（19），所述导油管（19）上串接过滤器（23），所述外罐体（11）顶部设置导气管（20），所述外罐体（11）外部设置加热设备（41），所述缓冲腔（13）和/或内罐体（12）内设置压力传感器（42）与温度传感器（43），所述缓冲腔（13）内设置液位传感器（44），所述氢气源（2）与进气管（15）相连接，所述石油供给装置（3）与进油管（16）相连接，所述进气管（15）、进油管（16）、导油管（19）、进料管（21）和导气管（20）上均设置电控阀门（44），所述氢气源（2）、石油供给装置（3）、加热设备（41）、压力传感器（42）、温度传感器（43）、液位传感器（44）均与控制箱（4）信号连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述外罐体（11）与内罐体（12）均为压力罐。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述氢气源（2）为高压氢气泵。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述石油供给装置（3）为储油罐（31）与重油泵（32），所述重油泵（32）将储油罐（31）内的石油通过进油管（16）泵入反应腔（14）内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述导油管（19）连接三通，所述三通位于过滤器（23）下游，其中一个支路与储油罐（31）相连接，另一支路与成品油罐相连接，每条所述支路上均设置与控制箱（4）信号连接的电控阀门（45）。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述导油管（19）外壁上设置水冷器（46）。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述加热设备为电加热器。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种石油加氢裂解反应装置，其特征是：所述进气管（15）位于内罐体（12）内一端设置喷气嘴（47），所述进油管（16）位于内罐体（12）内一端设置喷油嘴（48），所述喷气嘴（47）与喷油嘴（48）相对设置。
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