WO2021159666A1 - 一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法 - Google Patents

一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159666A1
WO2021159666A1 PCT/CN2020/103645 CN2020103645W WO2021159666A1 WO 2021159666 A1 WO2021159666 A1 WO 2021159666A1 CN 2020103645 W CN2020103645 W CN 2020103645W WO 2021159666 A1 WO2021159666 A1 WO 2021159666A1
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Prior art keywords
drilling
pressure
water
sealing
control valve
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PCT/CN2020/103645
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王刚
刘志远
程卫民
秦相杰
范酒源
孙路路
刘震
倪冠华
于岩斌
刘义鑫
黄启铭
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山东科技大学
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Priority to US17/627,117 priority Critical patent/US11506041B2/en
Publication of WO2021159666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159666A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterized by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/22—Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas drainage and coal seam dust reduction, in particular to a drilling-cutting-sealing-pressure drilling equipment for deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seams, and the use of the equipment to achieve drilling, slitting, sealing, and compression Method of cracking construction.
  • coal mining has shifted from shallow mining to deep mining.
  • the in-situ stress of the coal seam also increases, resulting in extremely low coal seam permeability.
  • the coal seam gas pressure further increases and the possibility of gas disasters Increased accordingly.
  • gas is also a clean and efficient energy source. Effective gas drainage in low-permeability coal seams to reduce the possibility of disasters and increase the utilization rate of gas is an inevitable problem in the current scientific mining of deep coal mines.
  • most of the coal mines are gas mines. In order to ensure the normal and safe production of the mines, gas drainage is usually carried out in advance on the gas-rich coal seams.
  • a variety of plugging devices are used to seal the borehole, and high-pressure water is injected again to increase the permeability of the coal body, so that the gas can be emitted from the borehole autonomously or the gas can be drained manually.
  • the main problems of the above process are: (1) the coal seam penetration enhancement effect of a single borehole is poor, and the efficiency of gas discharge is very low; (2) the process of multiple gas drainage drilling holes for artificial coal seam fracturing and penetration enhancement complex. Due to the constraints of the low permeability of the coal seam, the efficiency of gas drainage is also very low.
  • the above process requires the construction of multiple drilling holes, which has low construction efficiency and high production costs.
  • the pre-cracking and seepage enhancement can also integrate the four processes of "drilling-slotting-plugging-fracturing" into one, eliminating the need for repeated drilling or retreating, which improves the safety and construction efficiency of gas drainage .
  • the present invention provides a A drilling-cutting-sealing-pressure drilling equipment and method for deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seams.
  • the specific technical scheme is as follows.
  • a drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling equipment for deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seams which includes a water tank, a high-pressure water pipe, a high-pressure pump, an overflow valve, a drill bit, a drill pipe, a sealing capsule, and a control valve; it has a drilling control system, The high-pressure hydrodynamic system, the hydraulic hierarchical control system, and the fracturing and plugging control system; the drilling control system adjusts the drilling direction of the drill pipe and the water pressure of the drill pipe, and the high-pressure hydrodynamic system provides the pressure at 0 -50MPa high-pressure water, the water pressure grading control system adjusts the water pressure for drilling and flushing the cuttings to be less than 5MPa, the water pressure for cutting the seam perpendicular to the length of the drill pipe is 25-35MPa, and the sealing of the hole-sealing capsule The water pressure is 35-40 MPa, and the water pressure for pressure relief and permeability enhancement of the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam
  • the drilling control system includes a drilling angle control unit, a drilling speed control unit, and a drilling angle correction control unit.
  • the drilling angle control unit adjusts the drilling direction of the drill rod and the drilling speed control unit.
  • the rotation speed and propulsion force of the drilling rig, and the drilling angle correction control unit performs real-time correction of the drilling direction of the drilling.
  • the drill bit is provided with a wet drill pipe water outlet, and a slotted water outlet, a hydraulic fracturing water outlet and a sealing capsule are sequentially arranged from the drill bit side along the length direction of the drill pipe.
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system includes a water tank, a high-pressure pump, an overflow valve, and a high-pressure water pipe.
  • the high-pressure pump pumps water from the water tank, and the high-pressure pump delivers high-pressure water through the high-pressure water pipe.
  • An overflow valve is arranged upstream of the high-pressure water pipe.
  • the control valve of the water pressure grading control system includes a wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, a slotted water pressure control valve, a capsule sealing water pressure control valve, and a hydraulic fracturing control valve, and the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve
  • the valve is opened when the water pressure is less than 5MPa
  • the slotted water pressure control valve is opened when the water pressure is 25-35MPa
  • the capsule sealing water pressure control valve is opened when the water pressure is 35-40MPa
  • the hydraulic fracturing control valve is opened when the water pressure is Open at 40-50MPa.
  • the fracturing plugging control system includes a hole-sealing capsule and a hydraulic fracturing water outlet. After the hole-sealing capsule is filled with water to block the borehole, the water outlet of the hydraulic fracturing water outlet fracturing the coal body.
  • a drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling method for deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seams utilizes the above-mentioned deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam drilling-cut-seal-pressure drilling equipment, and the steps include:
  • Step A Determine the coal seams that need gas drainage, and install the drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling equipment in the deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam in front of the work;
  • Step B Check the working conditions of the drilling control system and the high-pressure water power system, check the opening and closing of the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, the slitting water pressure control valve, the capsule sealing water pressure control valve and the hydraulic fracturing control valve;
  • Step C Construction drilling, the drill bit drill pipe drills along the drilling direction, and the drilling control system corrects the drilling angle in real time.
  • the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve opens, and the wet drill pipe water outlet on the drill bit provides Water scouring boreholes less than 5MPa;
  • Step D Cutting joint construction, the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the slitting water pressure control valve is opened, and the slitting water outlet provides high-pressure water cutting with a water pressure of 25-35MPa ;
  • Step E Hydraulic fracturing construction
  • the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the cutting water pressure control valve is closed, the capsule sealing water pressure control valve is opened, and the sealing capsule is filled 35- 40MPa high-pressure water completes the sealing; after the hole is sealed, the hydraulic fracturing control valve is opened, and 40-50MPa high-pressure water is used to hydraulically fract the coal body from the hydraulic fracturing outlet.
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system adjusts the water pressure and provides high-pressure water of corresponding pressure during construction drilling, slotting construction and hydraulic fracturing construction.
  • the distance between the slotted water outlet and the drill bit is 1-2m; the distance between the slotted water outlet and the sealing capsule is adjusted by connecting the drill rod, and the slotted water outlet on the side of the drill bit is 5 meters away from the sealing capsule. -15m; The hydraulic fracturing water outlet is set between the sealing capsule and the slit water outlet.
  • 1-3 slotted water outlets and slotted water pressure control valves are provided on the drill rod, and 1-3 slotted slots are constructed in the same borehole.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is to realize the integration of drilling, slotting, sealing and fracturing construction equipment in the deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam, and the drilling angle, speed, and drilling distance of the drilling control system by using the drilling control system;
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system is used to provide high-pressure water at different pressures for the construction.
  • the hydraulic grading control system controls the high-pressure water at different pressures for construction at different locations.
  • the fracturing plugging control system and the drill rod jointly seal the borehole, and each control system cooperates with each other.
  • the low-permeability coal seam is pre-cracked and seepage-enhanced to facilitate efficient gas drainage, and the coal body is further wetted to reduce dust.
  • the drill rod structure of the equipment is set reasonably, does not need to withdraw from drilling repeatedly, and simplifies the construction process of drilling-cutting-sealing-pressing, ensuring efficient gas drainage, and improving safety performance; this construction method greatly The construction process is simplified, and the same drilling construction is more flexible and convenient.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of drilling-cutting-seal-pressing drilling equipment for deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seams;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drill bit and the drill rod
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control valve
  • Figure 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a water pressure grading control system
  • the present invention provides a deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seam drilling-cutting-sealing-pressure drilling device and method for specific implementations as follows.
  • a drilling-cutting-sealing-pressure drilling equipment for deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seams which includes a water tank, a high-pressure water pipe, a high-pressure pump, an overflow valve, a drill bit, a drill rod, a sealing capsule, and a control valve.
  • the high-pressure pump passes through the water pipe and the water tank After the high-pressure pump is pressurized, the high-pressure water pipe sends the water to the water pressure grading control system, the drill bit is arranged at the end of the drill pipe, and the sealing capsule is sleeved on the drill pipe.
  • the equipment has a drilling control system, a high-pressure hydrodynamic system, a hydraulic grading control system, and a fracturing and blocking control system.
  • the drilling control system is set at the front end of the equipment.
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system adjusts the water pressure.
  • the pressure levels are respectively controlled for construction drilling, slotting, hole sealing and fracturing.
  • the fracturing plugging control system is set on the drill pipe to fracturing the coal after the hole is plugged.
  • the specific structure of the equipment is shown in Figure 1.
  • the overall structure is a walkable structure.
  • the water tank is set in the back of the high-pressure water pipe.
  • the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the drill pipe.
  • the structure is shown in Figure 2, and the structure of the control valve is shown in Figure 3.
  • the drilling control system adjusts the drilling direction of the drill pipe and the water pressure of the drill pipe.
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system provides high-pressure water with a pressure between 0-50MPa, and the water pressure can be adjusted according to actual construction needs.
  • the water pressure grading control system adjusts the water pressure for drilling and flushing the cuttings to be less than 5MPa, the water pressure for cutting the gap perpendicular to the length of the drill pipe is 25-35MPa, the sealing water pressure of the sealing capsule is 35-40MPa, and the coal seam hydraulic power
  • the water pressure for pressure relief and permeability enhancement of fracturing is 40-50MPa; the fracturing plugging control system controls the hole sealing and hydraulic fracturing construction, respectively controlling the plugging capsule to fill the water to plug the borehole and the hydraulic fracturing water outlet Water fracturing coal.
  • the drilling control system includes a drilling angle control unit, a drilling speed control unit and a drilling angle correction control unit.
  • the drilling angle control unit adjusts the drilling direction of the drill rod and the drilling speed control unit adjusts the speed and
  • the propulsion and drilling angle correction control unit corrects the drilling direction of the hole in real time; specifically, it can be realized by an adjustable drill and an adjustable drill bracket.
  • the drill bit is also provided with a wet drill pipe water outlet.
  • a slotted water outlet, a hydraulic fracturing water outlet and a sealing capsule are sequentially arranged along the length of the drill pipe from the side of the drill bit. Among them, more than one slotted water outlet can be set. Carry out multiple slits.
  • the drill pipe as a whole can be connected by multiple drill pipes.
  • the drill pipe in Figure 2 only shows the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, slotted water pressure control valve, capsule sealing water pressure control valve and hydraulic fracturing
  • the arrangement of control valves and water outlets can actually increase or adjust the distance between the outlets by increasing or decreasing the number of drill pipe connections.
  • the high-pressure water power system supplies water for washing drilling residues, cutting coal seam slots, filling and sealing devices and other processes. It includes water tanks, high-pressure pumps, overflow valves and high-pressure water pipes.
  • the high-pressure pumps pump water from the water tank and The water needs to be kept pure and free of impurities.
  • the high-pressure pump delivers high-pressure water through the high-pressure water pipe.
  • An overflow valve is installed upstream of the high-pressure water pipe to prevent damage to the pipeline or control valve caused by excessive water pressure.
  • the control valves of the water pressure grading control system include wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, slitting water pressure control valve, capsule sealing water pressure control valve and hydraulic fracturing control valve.
  • wet drill pipe water pressure control valve When the water pressure of wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is less than 5MPa Open, the slotted water pressure control valve opens when the water pressure is 25-35MPa, the capsule sealing water pressure control valve opens when the water pressure is 35-40MPa, and the hydraulic fracturing control valve opens when the water pressure is 40-50MPa.
  • each control valve includes a water guide hole, a control valve outlet port, a control valve water blocking plate, and a control valve water pressure sensing plate.
  • the control valve water blocking plate is provided with a control valve water outlet, and the control valve water
  • the pressure sensing plate is arranged at the end of the control valve water blocking plate, and the middle of the control valve water pressure sensing plate is also provided with a water guide hole.
  • the fracturing and plugging control system includes a hole-sealing capsule and a hydraulic fracturing water outlet.
  • the hole-sealing capsule is composed of a wear-resistant and high-pressure resistant capsule embedded in the drill pipe. After the hole-sealing capsule is filled with water to seal the borehole, the hydraulic fracturing water outlet The effluent fracturing the coal body further expands the fissures to facilitate efficient gas drainage, and the coal body is further wetted to reduce dust.
  • a drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling method for deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seams uses the above-mentioned deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam drilling-cut-seal-pressure drilling equipment to construct in deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seams,
  • the construction steps include:
  • Step A Determine the coal seam that needs gas drainage, and install the drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling equipment in the deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam in front of the work.
  • Step B Check the working conditions of the drilling control system and the high-pressure water power system, check the opening and closing of the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, slotted water pressure control valve, capsule sealing water pressure control valve and hydraulic fracturing control valve. Observe the water output of the drill pipe by passing water.
  • Step C Construction drilling, the drill bit drill pipe drills along the drilling direction, and the drilling control system corrects the drilling angle in real time.
  • the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve opens, and the wet drill pipe water outlet on the drill bit provides Water less than 5MPa washes the borehole.
  • Step D Cutting joint construction, the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the slitting water pressure control valve is opened, and the slitting water outlet provides high-pressure water cutting with a water pressure of 25-35MPa .
  • Step E Hydraulic fracturing construction
  • the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the cutting water pressure control valve is closed, the capsule sealing water pressure control valve is opened, and the sealing capsule is filled 35- 40MPa high-pressure water completes the sealing; after the hole is sealed, the hydraulic fracturing control valve is opened, and 40-50MPa high-pressure water is used to hydraulically fract the coal body from the hydraulic fracturing outlet.
  • the high-pressure hydrodynamic system adjusts the water pressure and provides high-pressure water with corresponding pressure during the construction of drilling, slotting and hydraulic fracturing.
  • the distance between the slotted water outlet and the drill bit is 1-2m; the distance between the slotted water outlet and the sealing capsule is adjusted by connecting the drill rod, and the slotted water outlet on the side of the drill bit is 5-15m away from the sealing capsule; hydraulic pressure
  • the split water outlet is arranged between the sealing capsule and the slit water outlet.
  • the drill pipe is equipped with 1-3 slotted water outlets and slotted water pressure control valves, and 1-3 slotted slots can be constructed in the same borehole.
  • the drill pipe structure of the deep, low-permeability and high-gas coal seam drill-cut-seal-pressure drilling equipment is reasonably set up, does not need to withdraw from drilling repeatedly, and simplifies the construction technology of drilling, slitting, sealing, and hydraulic fracturing. This ensures the efficient extraction of gas and improves the safety performance; this construction method greatly simplifies the construction process, and at the same time, the drilling construction is more flexible and convenient.
  • This embodiment is based on the first embodiment and illustrates the beneficial effects of the device and method through practical applications.
  • a drilling-cutting-seal-pressure drilling method for deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seams is applied to the east flank and upper layer of the 43# coal seam at the level of +500 in the north mining area of a certain mine, using a deep low-permeability and high-gas coal seam drill- Cutting-seal-pressing drilling equipment, the specific construction steps include:
  • Step A Determine the coal seam that needs gas drainage, which is the east flank and upper layer of the 43# coal seam in the north mining area of a certain mine.
  • the coal seam is a gas-bearing coal seam.
  • the sealing-press drilling equipment is installed in front of the working face.
  • Step B Check the working conditions of the drilling control system and the high-pressure hydrodynamic system. Specifically, check whether the drilling angle control unit, the drilling speed control unit and the drilling angle correction control unit work normally. Check the opening and closing of the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve, slotted water pressure control valve, capsule sealing water pressure control valve, and hydraulic fracturing control valve. You can observe the working conditions of each outlet and valve by passing water. During construction drilling, slotting and hydraulic fracturing, the high-pressure hydrodynamic system adjusts the water pressure and provides high-pressure water with corresponding pressure.
  • Step C Construction drilling, the drill bit drill pipe drills along the drilling direction, and the drilling control system corrects the drilling angle in real time.
  • the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve opens, and the wet drill pipe water outlet on the drill bit provides The water of less than 5MPa washes the borehole and discharges the debris generated by the borehole.
  • Step D Cutting joint construction, the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the slitting water pressure control valve is opened, and the slitting water outlet provides high-pressure water cutting with a water pressure of 25-35MPa ;
  • the drill pipe with slotted water pressure control valve and slotted water outlet is connected every 5m or so to carry out the construction of multiple slotted holes in the same drilling; the depth of the slotted slot should be adjusted according to the actual construction needs.
  • Step E Where hydraulic fracturing is required, the drill pipe and the drill bit are left in the borehole, the wet drill pipe water pressure control valve is closed, the cutting water pressure control valve is closed, the capsule sealing water pressure control valve is opened, and the hole sealing capsule Fill 35-40MPa high-pressure water to complete the hole sealing; after the hole is sealed, the hydraulic fracturing control valve is opened, and 40-50MPa high-pressure water is used to hydraulically fract the coal body from the hydraulic fracturing outlet. Check the sealing before the hydraulic fracturing construction Is the hole tight?
  • the distance between the slotted water outlet and the drill bit is 1-2m. After the drill bit drill rod is drilled into the hole, the penetration depth of the drill rod is determined, and the construction is cut at a suitable position. The distance between the slotted water outlet and the sealing capsule is adjusted by connecting the drill rod.
  • the slotted water outlet on the side of the drill is 5-15m away from the sealing capsule. When 1 slot is required, the distance can be 5m, and when 2 slots are required The distance can be 10m, and the distance can be 15m for 3 slits.
  • the hydraulic fracturing outlet is set between the hole-sealing capsule and the slotted outlet.
  • each control valve The connection diagram of each control valve is shown in Figure 4.
  • the high-pressure pump and the overflow valve are connected, and the high-pressure water is sent to the drill pipe through the high-pressure water pipe.
  • the drill pipe is sequentially provided with a sealing capsule branch, a hydraulic fracturing branch, and a slit.
  • water passes through the drill pipe directly to the drill bit, and the drill bit discharges water to construct wet drilling;
  • each branch is equipped with a capsule sealing water pressure control valve, a hydraulic fracturing control valve, and a slit water pressure control valve; in addition, the settings of each valve can be separate Eliminate the need to complete a single drilling, slotting, sealing and fracturing construction.
  • Table 1 lists its working pressure range in detail.

Abstract

一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法，包括钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统、水压分级控制系统和压裂封堵控制系统，钻孔控制系统调整钻孔钻杆的钻进方向和钻杆供水水压，高压水动力系统为设备提供不同压力的高压水，水压分级控制系统保证钻进冲刷钻屑水压小于5MPa，垂直于钻杆长度方向割缝用水压为25-35MPa，封孔胶囊的封孔水压为35-40MPa，煤层进一步卸压增透的水压为40-50MPa；压裂封堵控制系统完成封孔和水力压裂施工的控制；利用该设备施工钻孔、孔内割缝、封孔、水力压裂的方法，实现了单一设备的一体化施工，提高了瓦斯抽采钻孔和煤层防尘的施工效率。

Description

一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿瓦斯抽采和煤层降尘技术领域，尤其是一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层的钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，以及利用该设备实现钻孔、割缝、封孔、压裂施工的方法。
背景技术
目前，煤矿开采已由浅部开采转向深部开采，随着采深的增加，煤层所在的地应力也增大，导致煤层的渗透性极低，同样煤层瓦斯压力进一步增大，发生瓦斯灾害的可能性也随之增大。然而瓦斯也是一种清洁高效的能源，在低渗煤层进行有效的瓦斯抽采，以降低发生灾害的可能性并提高瓦斯的利用率，是当前深部煤矿科学开采不可避免的难题。据统计大部分的煤矿是瓦斯矿井，为保障矿井正常安全生产，通常预先对富含瓦斯煤层进行瓦斯抽放，即在煤层不同位置施工多个钻孔，对含瓦斯煤层进行水力割缝，再应用多种封孔器封堵钻孔，再次注入高压水对煤体进行压裂增透，使瓦斯从钻孔内自主散发出来或进行人工进行瓦斯抽放。但是，上述工艺存在的主要问题是：(1)单一钻孔的煤层增透效果差，排放瓦斯的效率很低；(2)人工进行煤层压裂增透的多个抽采瓦斯钻孔的工序复杂。由于受煤层低渗透率的束缚，瓦斯的抽放效率也很低。并且上述工艺需要施工多个钻孔、施工效率低、生产成本较高。虽然，目前的瓦斯抽采研究领域中也提出过一些的瓦斯抽放方法，比如高位钻孔瓦斯抽采、水压致裂煤层抽采瓦斯方法等。但这些工艺都需要预先进行施工钻工，退出原有钻杆后进行封堵钻孔和水力压裂，再进行瓦斯抽采，工艺存在重复性。
为了实现“钻-割-封-压”一体化工艺，并方便施工，需要提供深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层“钻-割-封-压”一体化钻孔施工装备及方法，不仅对低渗煤层进行预裂增渗，还能将“钻进-割缝-封堵-压裂”等四个工艺集中成一体，不需要反复钻进或钻退，提高了瓦斯抽采的安全性、施工效率。
发明内容
为了实现钻孔、孔内割缝、封孔、水力压裂的单一设备施工和一体化施工，提高瓦斯抽采钻孔和煤层防尘的施工效率，保证瓦斯抽采安全，本发明提供了一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法，具体技术方案如下。
一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，包括水箱、高压水管、高压泵、溢流阀、钻头、钻杆、封孔胶囊和控制阀；具有钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统、水压分级控制系统和压裂封堵控制系统；所述钻孔控制系统调整钻孔钻杆的钻进方向和钻杆供水水压，所述高压水动力系统提供压力在0-50MPa之间的高压水，所述水压分级控制系统调整钻进冲刷 钻屑的水压小于5MPa，垂直于钻杆长度方向割缝用的水压为25-35MPa，封孔胶囊的封孔水压为35-40MPa，煤层水力压裂的卸压增透用水压为40-50MPa；所述压裂封堵控制系统对封孔和水力压裂施工进行控制。
优选的是，钻孔控制系统包括钻孔角度控制单元、钻进速度控制单元和钻孔角度修正控制单元，所述钻孔角度控制单元调整钻头钻杆的钻进方向，钻进速度控制单元调整钻机的转速和推进力，所述钻孔角度修正控制单元对钻孔的钻进方向进行实时修正。
还优选的是，钻头上设置有湿式钻杆出水口，沿钻杆的长度方向从钻头侧开始依次设置有割缝出水口、水力压裂出水口和封孔胶囊。
优选的是，高压水动力系统包括水箱、高压泵、溢流阀和高压水管，高压泵泵送来自水箱的水，高压泵通过高压水管输送高压水，高压水管的上游设置有溢流阀。
优选的是，水压分级控制系统的控制阀包括湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀，所述湿式钻杆水压控制阀水压小于5MPa时开启，割缝水压控制阀在水压为25-35MPa时开启，胶囊封孔水压控制阀在水压为35-40MPa时开启，水力压裂控制阀在水压为40-50MPa时开启。
优选的是，压裂封堵控制系统包括封孔胶囊和水力压裂出水口，所述封孔胶囊充水封堵钻孔后，水力压裂出水口出水压裂煤体。
一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，利用上述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，步骤包括：
步骤A.确定需要进行瓦斯抽采的煤层，深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备安设在工作面前方；
步骤B.检查钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统工作情况，检查湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀的开闭；
步骤C.施工钻孔，钻头钻杆沿钻进方向钻孔，钻孔控制系统实时修正钻孔角度，钻进过程中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀打开，钻头上的湿式钻杆出水口提供小于5MPa的水冲刷钻孔；
步骤D.割缝施工，钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀打开，割缝出水口提供水压为25-35MPa的高压水割缝；
步骤E.水力压裂施工,钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀关闭，胶囊封孔水压控制阀打开，封孔胶囊充35-40MPa的高压水完成封孔；封孔后，水力压裂控制阀打开，40-50MPa的高压水从水力压裂出水口对煤体进行水力压裂。
进一步优选的是，施工钻孔、割缝施工和水力压裂施工过程中高压水动力系统调整水压并提供相应压力的高压水。
进一步优选的是，割缝出水口与钻头之间的距离为1-2m；割缝出水口与封孔胶囊之间的距离通过连接钻杆调整，钻头侧的割缝出水口距离封孔胶囊5-15m；水力压裂出水口设置在封孔胶囊和割缝出水口之间。
进一步优选的是，钻杆上设置1-3个割缝出水口和割缝水压控制阀，在同一钻孔内施工1-3道割缝。
本发明的有益效果是，在深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层实现了钻孔、割缝、封孔和压裂施工设备一体化，利用钻孔控制系统钻孔的钻进角度、速度、钻进距离；利用高压水动力系统为施工提供不同压力的高压水，水压分级控制系统控制不同压力的高压水在不同位置进行施工，压裂封堵控制系统连同钻杆共同封闭钻孔，各个控制系统相互配合对低渗透煤层进行预裂、增渗，方便瓦斯的高效抽采，并且煤体进一步的润湿减尘。另外该设备的钻杆结构设置合理，不需要反复的退出钻进，并且简化了钻-割-封-压的施工工艺，保证了瓦斯的高效抽采，并且提升了安全性能；该施工方法大大简化了施工流程，同钻孔施工更加灵活方便。
附图说明
图1是深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备结构示意图；
图2是钻头和钻杆部分结构示意图；
图3是控制阀的结构示意图；
图4是水压分级控制系统简化示意图；
图中：1-水箱；2-高压水管；3-高压泵；4-钻孔控制系统；5-溢流阀；6-钻杆和钻头；7-封孔胶囊；8-封孔胶囊进水口；9-水力压裂出水口；10-割缝出水口；11-湿式钻杆出水口；12-胶囊封孔水压控制阀；13-水力压裂控制阀；14-割缝水压控制阀；15-湿式钻杆水压控制阀；16-导水孔；17-控制阀出水孔部位；18-控制阀阻水板；19-控制阀水压感应板。
具体实施方式
结合图1至图4所示，本发明提供的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备及方法具体实施方式如下。
实施例1
一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，包括水箱、高压水管、高压泵、溢流阀、钻头、钻杆、封孔胶囊和控制阀，高压泵通过水管和水箱相连，高压泵加压后高压水管将水送至水压分级控制系统，钻头设置在钻杆端部，封孔胶囊套设在钻杆上。该设备具有钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统、水压分级控制系统和压裂封堵控制系统，钻孔控制系统设置在设备前端，高压水动力系统调整水压，水压分级控制系统根据水压大小分别控制施工钻孔、割缝、封孔和压裂，压裂封堵控制系统设置在钻杆上，封堵钻孔后对煤体进行压裂。该设备 的具体结构如图1所示，整体为可行走式结构，水箱设置在后方高压水管，高压水管连通钻杆，高压泵的出水管上还连接有溢流阀，其中钻头钻杆的具体结构如图2所示，控制阀的结构情况如图3所示。
钻孔控制系统调整钻孔钻杆的钻进方向和钻杆供水水压，高压水动力系统提供压力在0-50MPa之间的高压水，并且可以根据实际施工需求进行调整水压大小。其中水压分级控制系统调整钻进冲刷钻屑的水压小于5MPa，垂直于钻杆长度方向割缝用的水压为25-35MPa，封孔胶囊的封孔水压为35-40MPa，煤层水力压裂的卸压增透用水压为40-50MPa；压裂封堵控制系统对封孔和水力压裂施工进行控制，分别控制封孔胶囊充水封堵钻孔，以及水力压裂出水口出水压裂煤体。
其中，钻孔控制系统包括钻孔角度控制单元、钻进速度控制单元和钻孔角度修正控制单元，钻孔角度控制单元调整钻头钻杆的钻进方向，钻进速度控制单元调整钻机的转速和推进力，钻孔角度修正控制单元对钻孔的钻进方向进行实时修正；具体可以通过可调钻机和可调钻机支架实现。另外钻头上还设置有湿式钻杆出水口，沿钻杆的长度方向从钻头侧开始依次设置有割缝出水口、水力压裂出水口和封孔胶囊，其中割缝出水口可以设置1个以上进行多次割缝。钻杆整体上可以由多个钻杆连接而成，图2中的钻杆仅示出了湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀，及出水口的布置，实际中可以通过增减钻杆的连接数量来增加或调整各个出口之间的距离。
高压水动力系统供给冲刷钻孔残渣、切割煤层缝槽、填充封孔器等工序的水源，其包括水箱、高压泵、溢流阀和高压水管，高压泵泵送来自水箱的水，水箱内的水需保持纯净无杂质，高压泵通过高压水管输送高压水，高压水管的上游设置有溢流阀，防止水压过高造成管路或控制阀门的损坏。
水压分级控制系统的控制阀包括湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀，湿式钻杆水压控制阀水压小于5MPa时开启，割缝水压控制阀在水压为25-35MPa时开启，胶囊封孔水压控制阀在水压为35-40MPa时开启，水力压裂控制阀在水压为40-50MPa时开启，从而实现对不同水压的分级控制，合理的利用水压实现特定的施工工序。如图3所示各个控制阀的结构包括导水孔、控制阀出水孔部位、控制阀阻水板、控制阀水压感应板，控制阀阻水板上设置有控制阀出水孔，控制阀水压感应板设置在控制阀阻水板的端部，控制阀水压感应板的中部还设置有导水孔。
压裂封堵控制系统包括封孔胶囊和水力压裂出水口，封孔胶囊由镶嵌在钻杆上的耐磨抗高压胶囊构成，封孔胶囊充水封堵钻孔后，水力压裂出水口出水压裂煤体，进一步的扩展裂隙方便瓦斯高效抽采，煤体进一步的润湿减尘。
一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，利用上述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，在深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层施工，施工步骤包括：
步骤A.确定需要进行瓦斯抽采的煤层，深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备安设在工作面前方。
步骤B.检查钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统工作情况，检查湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀的开闭，可以通水观察钻杆出水情况。
步骤C.施工钻孔，钻头钻杆沿钻进方向钻孔，钻孔控制系统实时修正钻孔角度，钻进过程中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀打开，钻头上的湿式钻杆出水口提供小于5MPa的水冲刷钻孔。
步骤D.割缝施工，钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀打开，割缝出水口提供水压为25-35MPa的高压水割缝。
步骤E.水力压裂施工,钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀关闭，胶囊封孔水压控制阀打开，封孔胶囊充35-40MPa的高压水完成封孔；封孔后，水力压裂控制阀打开，40-50MPa的高压水从水力压裂出水口对煤体进行水力压裂。
其中施工钻孔、割缝施工和水力压裂施工过程中高压水动力系统调整水压并提供相应压力的高压水。割缝出水口与钻头之间的距离为1-2m；割缝出水口与封孔胶囊之间的距离通过连接钻杆调整，钻头侧的割缝出水口距离封孔胶囊5-15m；水力压裂出水口设置在封孔胶囊和割缝出水口之间。钻杆上设置1-3个割缝出水口和割缝水压控制阀，可以在同一钻孔内施工1-3道割缝。
深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备的钻杆结构设置合理，不需要反复的退出钻进，并且简化了钻进、割缝、封孔、水力压裂的施工工艺，保证了瓦斯的高效抽采，并且提升了安全性能；该施工方法大大简化了施工流程，同时钻孔施工也更加灵活方便。
实施例2
本实施例是在实施例1的基础上，通过实际应用说明该设备及方法的有益效果。
其中某矿北采区+500水平43#煤层东翼及上分层含瓦斯煤层的钻孔注水增透现场施工的工艺和多矿井的煤层注水实际情况，优化选取水压分级控制系统调整钻进冲刷钻屑的水压小于5MPa，垂直于钻杆长度方向割缝用的水压为25-35MPa，封孔胶囊的封孔水压为35-40MPa，煤层水力压裂的卸压增透用水压为40-50MPa。将该参数应用于实际的矿井施工中，验证了该参数选择的合理性和有效性。
一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，应用于某矿北采区+500水平43#煤层东翼及上分层，使用一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，具体施工步骤包括：
步骤A.确定需要进行瓦斯抽采的煤层，为某矿北采区+500水平43#煤层东翼及上分层含 瓦斯煤层，该煤层为含瓦斯煤层，深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备安设在工作面的前方。
步骤B.检查钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统工作情况，具体是检查钻孔角度控制单元、钻进速度控制单元和钻孔角度修正控制单元是否正常工作。检查湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀的开闭，可以通过通水观察各个出口和阀门的工作情况。施工钻孔、割缝施工和水力压裂施工过程中高压水动力系统调整水压并提供相应压力的高压水。
步骤C.施工钻孔，钻头钻杆沿钻进方向钻孔，钻孔控制系统实时修正钻孔角度，钻进过程中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀打开，钻头上的湿式钻杆出水口提供小于5MPa的水冲刷钻孔，将钻孔产生是碎屑排出。
步骤D.割缝施工，钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀打开，割缝出水口提供水压为25-35MPa的高压水割缝；通过每隔5m左右接入带有割缝水压控制阀和割缝出水口的钻杆，进行同一钻孔多个割缝的施工；割缝的深度根据实际的施工需要进行调整。
步骤E.需要水力压裂施工的位置,钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀关闭，胶囊封孔水压控制阀打开，封孔胶囊充35-40MPa的高压水完成封孔；封孔后，水力压裂控制阀打开，40-50MPa的高压水从水力压裂出水口对煤体进行水力压裂，进行水力压裂施工以前检查封孔是否严密。
割缝出水口与钻头之间的距离为1-2m，钻头钻杆钻入钻孔后，确定钻杆的钻入深度，在合适的位置割缝施工。割缝出水口与封孔胶囊之间的距离通过连接钻杆调整，钻头侧的割缝出水口距离封孔胶囊5-15m，当需要1条割缝时距离可以为5m，2条割缝时距离可以为10m，3条割缝时距离可以为15m。水力压裂出水口设置在封孔胶囊和割缝出水口之间，需要水力压裂施工时，钻头钻杆钻入后，先通过封孔胶囊封堵钻孔，再调整水压进行水力压裂。钻杆上通过设置1-3个割缝出水口和割缝水压控制阀，可以在同一钻孔内施工1-3道割缝。另外，当水压超过50MPa时，安装在外部的溢流阀便会自动打开，进行卸压并整个工序停止。
各个控制阀的连接示意如图4所示，高压泵和溢流阀连接，通过高压水管高压水送至钻杆内，钻杆上依次设置封孔胶囊支路、水力压裂支路、割缝支路，水通过钻杆直通钻头，钻头出水施工湿式钻孔；各支路上分别设置胶囊封孔水压控制阀、水力压裂控制阀和割缝水压控制阀；另外各个阀门的设置可以分别省去，从而完成单一的钻孔、割缝、封孔和压裂施工。为保证“钻-割-封-压”四个工序中各个水压的互不干扰，即保证步骤四中各个水力压力控制阀的正常工作，表1详细列出其工作压力区间。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020103645-appb-000001
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，包括水箱、高压水管、高压泵、溢流阀、钻头、钻杆、封孔胶囊和控制阀；其特征在于，具有钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统、水压分级控制系统和压裂封堵控制系统；
    所述钻孔控制系统调整钻孔钻杆的钻进方向和钻杆供水水压，所述高压水动力系统提供压力在0-50MPa之间的高压水，所述水压分级控制系统调整钻进冲刷钻屑的水压小于5MPa，垂直于钻杆长度方向割缝用的水压为25-35MPa，封孔胶囊的封孔水压为35-40MPa，煤层水力压裂的卸压增透用水压为40-50MPa；所述压裂封堵控制系统对封孔和水力压裂施工进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，所述钻孔控制系统包括钻孔角度控制单元、钻进速度控制单元和钻孔角度修正控制单元，所述钻孔角度控制单元调整钻头钻杆的钻进方向，钻进速度控制单元调整钻机的转速和推进力，所述钻孔角度修正控制单元对钻孔的钻进方向进行实时修正。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，所述钻头上设置有湿式钻杆出水口，沿钻杆的长度方向从钻头侧开始依次设置有割缝出水口、水力压裂出水口和封孔胶囊。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，所述高压水动力系统包括水箱、高压泵、溢流阀和高压水管，高压泵泵送来自水箱的水，高压泵通过高压水管输送高压水，高压水管的上游设置有溢流阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，所述水压分级控制系统的控制阀包括湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀，所述湿式钻杆水压控制阀水压小于5MPa时开启，割缝水压控制阀在水压为25-35MPa时开启，胶囊封孔水压控制阀在水压为35-40MPa时开启，水力压裂控制阀在水压为40-50MPa时开启。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，所述压裂封堵控制系统包括封孔胶囊和水力压裂出水口，所述封孔胶囊充水封堵钻孔后，水力压裂出水口出水压裂煤体。
  7. 一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，利用权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备，其特征在于，步骤包括：
    步骤A.确定需要进行瓦斯抽采的煤层，深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔设备安设在工作面前方；
    步骤B.检查钻孔控制系统、高压水动力系统工作情况，检查湿式钻杆水压控制阀、割缝水压控制阀、胶囊封孔水压控制阀和水力压裂控制阀的开闭；
    步骤C.施工钻孔，钻头钻杆沿钻进方向钻孔，钻孔控制系统实时修正钻孔角度，钻进过程中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀打开，钻头上的湿式钻杆出水口提供小于5MPa的水冲刷钻孔；
    步骤D.割缝施工，钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀打开，割缝出水口提供水压为25-35MPa的高压水割缝；
    步骤E.水力压裂施工,钻杆和钻头留置在钻孔中，湿式钻杆水压控制阀关闭，割缝水压控制阀关闭，胶囊封孔水压控制阀打开，封孔胶囊充35-40MPa的高压水完成封孔；封孔后，水力压裂控制阀打开，40-50MPa的高压水从水力压裂出水口对煤体进行水力压裂。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，其特征在于，所述施工钻孔、割缝施工和水力压裂施工过程中高压水动力系统调整水压并提供相应压力的高压水。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，其特征在于，所述割缝出水口与钻头之间的距离为1-2m；割缝出水口与封孔胶囊之间的距离通过连接钻杆调整，钻头侧的割缝出水口距离封孔胶囊5-15m；水力压裂出水口设置在封孔胶囊和割缝出水口之间。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种深部低渗透高瓦斯煤层钻-割-封-压钻孔方法，其特征在于，所述钻杆上设置1-3个割缝出水口和割缝水压控制阀，在同一钻孔内施工1-3道割缝。
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CN114515506B (zh) * 2022-01-04 2024-02-02 河南中煤矿业科技发展有限公司 一种瓦斯消化液的组配方法及使用方法
CN115779640A (zh) * 2022-12-11 2023-03-14 贵州大学 基于瓦斯防治用瓦斯吸附装置

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