WO2019029178A1 - 一种废弃煤矿地面卸压钻孔瓦斯治理新工艺 - Google Patents

一种废弃煤矿地面卸压钻孔瓦斯治理新工艺 Download PDF

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WO2019029178A1
WO2019029178A1 PCT/CN2018/082637 CN2018082637W WO2019029178A1 WO 2019029178 A1 WO2019029178 A1 WO 2019029178A1 CN 2018082637 W CN2018082637 W CN 2018082637W WO 2019029178 A1 WO2019029178 A1 WO 2019029178A1
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abandoned
well
gas
wellbore
coal mine
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PCT/CN2018/082637
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English (en)
French (fr)
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于志军
刘双林
赵彦
祁铭
向其芝
仓少锋
杨智彬
白亮
马玉祥
汪伟
陈广生
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中节能宁夏新能源股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019029178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029178A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of gas recovery and utilization of abandoned coal mines, and in particular relates to a comprehensive utilization and utilization technology of abandoned mine gas.
  • Abandoned coal mine gas refers to the methane resources in the remaining coal seams, surrounding rock and underground closed space adsorption and free state in the mines closed due to the depletion of coal resources or other non-compliance with safety production requirements and policy.
  • abandoned mine gas The development and utilization of abandoned mine gas is to take certain blocking measures before the coal mine is about to close, or to re-drill the remaining gas in the ground, and use the original gas drainage system to collect gas in the ground.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new process for gas control of abandoned coal wells in view of the problem of insufficient utilization of existing abandoned coal well gas.
  • a new technology for gas drainage in abandoned coal wells the process of unblocking and cleaning the screen tube through the pressure relief borehole; the repair process of the wellbore in the goaf and the mining area; the technical transformation of the wellbore in the unexploited area;
  • the auxiliary well technology achieves the purpose of comprehensive utilization and utilization of abandoned coal mine gas.
  • the process of the invention is as follows: 1. The process of unblocking and cleaning the screen tube by the ground waste pressure relief borehole.
  • coal rock has the characteristics of low elastic modulus and high Poisson's ratio, in the long-term negative pressure pumping process, due to the influence of continuous pressure relief on the coal structure, it will directly affect the conductivity of the seepage crack and will cause the coal seam to The pulverized coal and the particles in the near-wellbore zone are transported, causing blockage of the seepage channel near the wellbore, resulting in a sharp drop in gas production. If it cannot be solved for a long time, it will cause permanent damage to the negative pressure pumping well. Therefore, after the abandoned coal mine is shut down, deep well imaging is performed on the damage of the original abandoned pressure relief borehole on the ground of the abandoned coal mine to detect the screen, water level, well depth and dirty plugging in the wellbore.
  • the hydraulic jet coal fracturing technology is selected.
  • the technology is to perforate the casing through the coal seam.
  • the high-energy fluid forms a mesh-like pore or a small wellbore in different directions of the coal seam, and opens the flow passage of the gas in the coal seam, thereby improving Coal seam gas production capacity.
  • Hydraulic injection technology is a new technology that combines traditional hydraulic injection technology, hydraulic sealing technology and hydraulic fracturing technology.
  • the role of wellbore fracturing is to make the wellbore and gas fracture system more effective; it can accelerate dehydration, increase gas resolution and increase gas production; can distribute pressure drop of wellbore wall more widely, reduce pulverized coal Yield.
  • the working principle of fracturing is to use the high-pressure pumping group to inject high-viscosity fracturing fluid into the wellbore under large displacement conditions, and to raise high pressure in the wellbore; when the wellbore casing wall pressure is greater than the wellbore wall.
  • the crack extends forward and is filled with proppant. After closing the well, the crack is closed in the support.
  • the sand-filling cracks with certain geometrical dimensions and conductivity are formed at all the casings of the wellbore, the coal seam fissures are communicated, and finally the gas-gas drainage-depressurization-analysis process is adopted to achieve the purpose of normal gas production.
  • New drilling main and auxiliary well technology For the repaired wellbore, 3-5 wells in the same area are used as a subgroup, select a suitable geographical location to drive a main well, and connect with the auxiliary well in the same area at the bottom of the well to construct underground gas pumping.
  • the pipe network system is adopted, so that even if the individual auxiliary wells are damaged in the future, the gas extraction of the gas is not affected, because the auxiliary well of the underground pipe network system and the main well of the extraction are connected to each other, as long as the gas is pumped through the main well.
  • the purpose of comprehensive treatment and utilization of abandoned mine gas ground The purpose of comprehensive treatment and utilization of abandoned mine gas ground.
  • the invention has the following effects: through the implementation of the techniques of repairing, unblocking, cleaning the screen tube and fracturing of the waste mine shaft on the abandoned mine ground, effectively achieving the purpose of comprehensively controlling the gas in the abandoned mine, and eliminating the abandoned mine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sand drilling, unblocking and well washing process of the abandoned drilling according to the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the process of a new main and auxiliary shaft of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the wellbore fracturing process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 Auxiliary well 1, Auxiliary well 2, Auxiliary well 3, Auxiliary well 4, Main well 5.
  • the wellbore fracturing process is: rolling - seaming - crack extension filling proppant - crack closure.
  • the process technology of the present invention consists of five aspects: 1. The ground unloading and drilling process of the original abandoned mining area, 2. The repair process of the ground pressure relief drilling wellbore in the original mining area, 3. Technical transformation of pressure relief borehole wellbore in mining area, 4, goaf, mining area, unmined area to implement drilling process of main and auxiliary wells, 5. Comprehensive utilization of gas.
  • the ground unloading and drilling hole in the original abandoned mining area refers to: the ground decompression drilling of the original abandoned mining area for wellbore repair, bottom hole sanding and debris cleaning and transformation process; firstly, according to the underground detection video, etc.
  • Abandoned wellheads with good data selection conditions the well inclination is less than 30 degrees, there is no large falling object in the well
  • the construction platform is built, and the on-board operation and auxiliary equipment are selected, and the special type flat oil pipe and sand pump and supporting equipment for the oil well are laid down. Sand, unblock, and wash wells.
  • the sand drilling, unblocking and well washing process of the abandoned drilling hole is to slowly lower the sand pump to the sand blast (pulverized coal) part of the well, and the sand is operated by the on-board reciprocating oil pipe of the operation vehicle.
  • the sediments such as coal powder and mud sand in the well are continuously pumped out of the wellbore until they are taken to the bottom of the well.
  • the special type flat oil pipe of the oil well is again sent to the wellbore screen part, and the air compressor is started to intermittently supply gas, which causes the liquid in the well to violently oscillate.
  • the special pressure type pipe clamp is closed at the fault of the abandoned wellbore to close the fracture port, reduce the oxygen content in the upper part of the wellbore, and prevent the surface water from flowing into the wellbore to reduce the gas production and destroy each layer.
  • the main and auxiliary well drilling process refers to: selecting the ground pressure relief borehole gas volume is good, but the wellbore fault can not be recovered or the repair cost is high, and 3-5 wells are used as a group of auxiliary wells. Drill a main well at a suitable position in the group and connect it to a suitable location in the underground. Through the main well, the gas in the main and auxiliary well areas will be gas-discharged, and the gas production of the abandoned mine gas ground will be increased. effect. In the ground pressure relief boreholes in the goaf, mining area and unmined area, the ground pressure relief drilling is relatively good for the gas volume, but the wellbore is broken, and it is impossible to recover or repair the high cost.
  • auxiliary wells 1, 2, 3, 4... make a main well 5 at a suitable position, and connect to the auxiliary well gas drainage range at a suitable depth in the underground to construct a downhole drainage pipe network system, so that even after the individual Well damage does not affect the gas extraction. Because the underground pipe network system is connected to each other, the gas in the auxiliary well can be pumped through the main well to achieve the purpose of comprehensive utilization and utilization of abandoned mine gas.
  • the wellbore fracturing process refers to: the original un-mining area ground pressure relief borehole for fracturing stimulation transformation, using the high-pressure pumping group to high-viscosity fracturing fluid in large displacement conditions
  • the lower hole is injected into the well hole, and the high pressure is raised in the well hole; when the pressure at the wall of the well casing after the transformation is greater than the ground stress near the wall of the well hole and the tensile strength of the formation rock, cracks are generated in each layer near the casing.
  • the crack extends forward and is filled with proppant.
  • the crack After closing the well, the crack is closed on the proppant, thus forming a certain geometric size and conductivity at all plugs of the well.
  • the sand-filling cracks communicate the coal seam fissures, and finally pass the gas-gas drainage-pressure-analysis process to achieve the purpose of normal gas production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种废弃煤矿地面卸压钻孔瓦斯治理新工艺,该工艺通过对废弃煤矿地面采用卸压钻孔井筒修复、解堵、洗井、技术改造后压裂、新钻主副井工艺,达到对废弃煤矿瓦斯综合治理利用的目的。具体为:1、原有废弃采动区地面卸压钻孔进行井筒修复,恢复产气;2、原有采动区、未采动区地面卸压钻孔进行压裂增产改造,增加瓦斯气供量;3、在采空区、采动区、未采区地面卸压钻孔中选取3-5口钻孔作为副井(1、2、3、4),在合适位置打一口主井(5),主副井(1、2、3、4、5)相互连通,通过主井(5)抽排副井(1、2、3、4)下的瓦斯气,再通过地面瓦斯输送管道汇集到瓦斯输送总管收集利用。本方法有效对废弃矿井中瓦斯气达到了综合治理的目的,消除废弃矿井瓦斯聚集、逸出等带来的灾害。

Description

一种废弃煤矿地面卸压钻孔瓦斯治理新工艺 技术领域
本发明属于废弃煤矿燃气回收利用技术领域,尤其是涉及一种废弃矿井瓦斯综合治理利用技术。
背景技术
废弃煤矿瓦斯是指因煤炭资源枯竭或其他不符合安全生产要求及政策原因,按国家相关规定程序而关闭的矿井中,所残存在剩余煤层、围岩及井下密闭空间吸附及游离态的甲烷资源。废弃矿井瓦斯开发利用,是煤矿即将关闭前,采取一定的封堵措施,或地面重新打钻孔抽采残存的瓦斯,利用原瓦斯抽排系统在地面的抽采设备进行收集瓦斯利用。国内在废弃矿井治理技术方面仅在理论上有一些研究,目前没有成功的经验可供参考。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有废弃煤井瓦斯利用不足的问题提供一种废弃煤井地面瓦斯治理新工艺。
本发明技术方案是通过如下方式实现的:
一种废弃煤井地面瓦斯治理新工艺,该工艺方法通过对卸压钻孔井筒解堵、清洗筛管工艺;采空区、采动区井筒修复工艺;未开采区井筒技术改造;新钻主副井工艺,达到对废弃煤矿瓦斯综合治理利用的目的。本发明工艺方法如下:1、地面废弃卸压钻孔井筒解堵、清洗筛管工艺。由于煤岩具有低弹性模量、高泊松比的特点,长期负压抽采过程中,由于不断卸压对煤体结构产生影响,会直接影响渗流裂缝的导流能力,并且会使煤层中的煤粉和近井筒地带的颗粒物发生运移,造成近井筒带渗流通道堵塞,致使产气量急剧下降,如果长期无法 解决会对负压抽采井造成永久伤害。所以在废弃煤矿关闭后,对废弃煤矿地面原有废弃卸压钻孔井筒损坏的情况进行深井成像探测井筒内筛管、水位、井深、脏堵情况。根据探测情况,选择较好位置的钻井孔,进行车载作业及辅助设备,下放油井专用型号平式油管和捞砂泵及配套装置进行捞砂、解堵、清洗筛管。捞砂和空气振荡洗井解堵是一种非常有效的解堵方式,它安全可靠,作业周期短,疏通渗流通道,加快煤粉的返排,疏通由于煤粉堵塞造成的储层伤害,据此而达到恢复产能甚至增产的目的。
2、采空区、采动区井筒修复工艺:通过深井成像资料监测数据,在废弃井筒错断处套接专用压力式管箍封闭断裂口,降低井筒中上段氧含量,同时防止地表水从错断处流入井筒,最终达到废弃矿井瓦斯气安全高效的抽排再利用目的。
3、地面未开采区井筒技术改造:由于废弃煤矿现有瓦斯抽采孔钻井下入的是筛管,地层间是串通的,无法实施常规压裂,必须对现有钻井进行技术改造,封固套管与地层间隙,保障井筒密闭性及套管满足压裂要求。废弃井筒技术改造工艺如下:
①使用Φ219mm—Φ349.3mm的套铣筒扫开Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒环空间隙水泥。
②下入打捞工具将Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒生产套管提出井外,如果打捞不动的话,使用Φ219mm—Φ349.3mm的套铣筒每次套铣一定的深度,然后在管内下入水力割刀将套管割断后提出井内,直至把所有Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒生产套管打捞完毕。
③用Φ215.9mm的钻头钻至规定煤层底板一定深度。
④对裸眼井筒进行地球物理测井。
⑤下入N80,Φ139.7mm×7.72mm的生产套管,进行固井。
4、储层压裂改造。选用水力喷射煤层压裂技术,其技术是通过在下入煤层中套管射孔,射孔过程中高能流体在煤层不同方位形成网状孔隙或小井眼,打通气体在煤层中的流动通道,进而改善煤层产气能力。水力喷射技术是把传统的水力喷射技术,水力封隔技术,水力压裂技术综合在一起的新技术。井筒压裂的作用在于使井孔与瓦斯气的裂隙系统更有效的联通;可加速脱水,加大气体解析率,增加瓦斯气产量;可更广泛地分配井孔壁的压降,降低煤粉产量。压裂的工作原理是利用地面高压泵组,将高粘度的压裂液在大排量条件下注入井孔中,在井孔中憋起高压;当井孔套管壁压力大于井孔壁附近的地应力和地层岩石抗张强度时,套管壁附近各煤层产生裂缝,再继续注入带有支撑剂的携砂液,裂缝向前延伸并填以支撑剂,封闭井孔后裂缝闭合在支撑剂上,从而在井孔所有套管处形成具有一定几何尺寸和导流能力的填砂裂缝,沟通煤层裂隙,最后通过瓦斯气排水—降压—解析的过程,达到正常产气的目的。
5、新钻主副井工艺。针对修复完毕的井孔,以同一区域内3—5口井为一副组,选择合适地理位置打一口主井,并在井底分别与同一区域内的副井井下连通,构建井下瓦斯气抽采管网系统,这样即使以后个别副井损坏,也不影响瓦斯气的抽采,因为井下管网系统副井与抽采主井相互连通,只要通过主井进行抽排采瓦斯,就能达到对废弃矿井瓦斯地面综合治理利用的目的。
本发明具有如下效果:通过对废弃矿井地面废弃卸压钻孔井筒修复、解堵、清洗筛管、压裂等技术的实施,有效对废弃矿井中瓦斯气达到了综合治理的目的,消除废弃矿井井下瓦斯聚集、逸出等带来的灾害,同时能将废弃矿井瓦斯资源再利用,达到清洁能源治理的目的,本发明积极响应国家十三五能源利用规划,同时为社会创造了良好经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明工艺流程示意图。
图2为本发明的废弃钻孔捞砂、解堵、洗井工艺示意图。
图3为本发明的新钻主副井工艺示意图。
图4为本发明的井筒压裂工艺原理图。
如图1所示:1、原有废弃采动区地面泄压钻孔,2、原有采动区、未采动区地面泄压钻孔增产改造,3、采空区、采动区、未采区实施主副井钻孔,4、地面瓦斯抽排输送系统,5、瓦斯综合利用。
如图2所示:1、排污口,2、油管锁卡,3、油管,4.岩层,5、捞砂泵,6、煤层。
如图3所示:副井1,副井2,副井3,副井4,主井5。
如图4所示:井筒压裂工艺工序为:憋压—造缝—裂缝延伸充填支撑剂—裂缝闭合。
具体实施方式
本发明的具体实施方式参照附图加以说明。
如图1所示,本发明工艺技术由5个方面组成:1、原有废弃采动区地面卸压钻孔工艺,2、原有采动区地面卸压钻孔井筒修复工艺,3、未开采区泄压钻孔井筒技术改造,4、采空区、采动区、未采区实施主副井钻孔工艺,5、瓦斯综合利用。
所述的原有废弃采动区地面卸压钻孔是指:将原有废弃采动区地面卸压钻孔进行井筒修复、井底捞沙及杂物清理改造工艺;首先根据井下探测视频等资料选取条件较好的废弃井口(井斜小于30度,井内无较大落物),搭建作业平台,其次选择车载作业及辅助设备,下放油井专用型号平式油管和捞砂泵及 配套装置进行捞砂、解堵、洗井。
如图2所示,所述的废弃钻孔捞砂、解堵、洗井工艺是将捞砂泵缓慢下到井内沉砂(煤粉)部位,捞砂采用操作车载作业上下往复运动油管,使井内煤粉和泥砂等沉淀物不断抽出井筒外,直至捞取到井底,再次下入油井专用型号平式油管至井筒筛管部位,开动空压机进行间歇式给气,使井内液体产生激烈振荡,以彻底清除筛管外壁的附着物,最后用清水将井筒冲洗干净,最后接入瓦斯气输送系统后严格控制井口阀门开度;使井筒产气量慢慢恢复正常。通过井筒影像资料等监测数据,在废弃井筒错断处套接专用压力式管箍封闭断裂口,降低井筒中上段氧含量,同时阻隔地表水流入井筒降低产气量和破坏每层,其技术方法使废弃矿井瓦斯气安全高效的抽排再利用,防止了废弃煤矿煤层被污染。
如图3所示,主副井钻孔工艺指:选取地面卸压钻孔瓦斯气量好,但井筒错断无法复或修复费用高的钻孔,以3-5口井为一组副井,在其组内合适位置钻一口主井,并在地下合适的位置与其连接,通过主井将主、副井区域内的瓦斯进行排采瓦斯,达到对废弃矿井瓦斯地面综合治理利用增加产气量的效果。在采空区、采动区、未采区地面卸压钻孔中,针对气量相对较好,但井筒错断,无法恢复或修复费用高的地面卸压钻孔,选取3-5口钻孔作为副井1、2、3、4…,在合适位置打一口主井5,在地下合适深度的位置分别与副井瓦斯排采范围连通,构建井下抽采管网系统,这样即使以后个别副井损坏,也不影响瓦斯气的抽采,因为井下管网系统两两相互连通,通过主井抽排副井下的瓦斯气,就能达到废弃矿井瓦斯综合治理利用的目的。
如图4所示,所述的井筒压裂工艺指:原有未采动区地面卸压钻孔进行压裂增产改造,利用地面高压泵组,将高粘度的压裂液在大排量条件下注入井 孔中,在井孔中憋起高压;当改造后的井孔套管壁处压力大于井孔壁附近的地应力和地层岩石抗张强度时,套管附近各每层产生裂缝,再继续注入带有支撑剂的携砂液,裂缝向前延伸并填以支撑剂,封闭井孔后裂缝闭合在支撑剂上,从而在井孔所有塞管处形成具有一定几何尺寸和导流能力的填砂裂缝,沟通煤层裂隙,最后通过瓦斯气排水—降压—解析的过程,达到正常产气的目的。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种废弃煤矿地面卸压钻孔瓦斯治理新工艺,其特征在于:该工艺方法通过对卸压钻孔井筒解堵、清洗筛管工艺,采空区、采动区井筒修复工艺,未采区井筒技术改造工艺,新钻主副井工艺,达到对废弃煤矿瓦斯综合治理利用的目的;所述的卸压钻孔井筒解堵、清洗筛管工艺是指:在废弃煤矿关闭后,对废弃煤矿地面原有废弃卸压钻孔井筒损坏的情况进行深井成像探测井筒内筛管、水位、井深、脏堵情况,根据探测情况,选择较好位置的钻井孔,进行车载作业及辅助设备,下放油井专用型号平式油管和捞砂泵及配套装置进行捞砂、解堵、清洗筛管;所述的采空区、采动区井筒修复工艺是指:通过深井成像资料监测数据,在废弃井筒错断处套接专用压力式管箍封闭断裂口,降低井筒中上段氧含量,同时防止地表水从错断处流入井筒,最终达到废弃矿井瓦斯气安全高效的抽排再利用目的;所述的未采区井筒技术改造工艺为:①使用Φ219mm—Φ349.3mm的套铣筒扫开Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒环空间隙水泥,②下入打捞工具将Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒生产套管提出井外,如果打捞不动的话,使用Φ219mm—Φ349.3mm的套铣筒每次套铣一定的深度,然后在管内下入水力割刀将套管割断后提出井内,直至把所有Φ150mm—Φ200mm的废弃井筒生产套管打捞完毕,③用Φ215.9mm的钻头钻至规定煤层底板一定深度,④对裸眼井筒进行地球物理测井,⑤下入N80,Φ139.7mm×7.72mm的生产套管,进行固井;所述的新钻主副井工艺是指:针对修复完毕的井孔,以同一区域内3—5口井为一副组,选择合适地理位置打一口主井,并在井底分别与同一区域内的副井井下连通,构建井下瓦斯气抽采管网系统。
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