WO2021159390A1 - 电池单元及电子设备 - Google Patents

电池单元及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159390A1
WO2021159390A1 PCT/CN2020/075089 CN2020075089W WO2021159390A1 WO 2021159390 A1 WO2021159390 A1 WO 2021159390A1 CN 2020075089 W CN2020075089 W CN 2020075089W WO 2021159390 A1 WO2021159390 A1 WO 2021159390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
edge
thickness direction
battery unit
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/075089
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫东阳
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP20919351.5A priority Critical patent/EP4092814A4/en
Priority to CN202080029994.3A priority patent/CN113728494B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/075089 priority patent/WO2021159390A1/zh
Priority to JP2022548490A priority patent/JP7374335B2/ja
Publication of WO2021159390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159390A1/zh
Priority to US17/886,708 priority patent/US20220393247A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H01M50/133—Thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to battery cells and electronic equipment.
  • Lithium-ion batteries as an environmentally friendly secondary battery, have been widely used in fields such as mobile phones, video cameras, and notebook computers.
  • the market has increasingly higher requirements for the energy density and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • As to how to ensure that the lithium-ion battery has a high energy density and at the same time ensure that the lithium-ion battery has a good safety performance there are many technical problems in the industry that need to be solved urgently.
  • One of the objectives of the present application is to provide a battery unit and an electronic device, which improves the safety performance and energy density of the battery unit and the electronic device by specially designing the structure of the electrode assembly and the casing.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery unit including: an electrode assembly and a casing.
  • the electrode assembly has a thickness T1 in the thickness direction of the battery cell.
  • the case houses the electrode assembly, and the case has a thickness T2 in the thickness direction.
  • the housing includes a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first side in a circular arc shape, which is connected to the second surface, and the radius of the first side is R; a third surface, which is connected to the first side, and encloses at least a part of the side surface of the electrode assembly; a second side, which includes a first part and a second part, the first part is The first edge of the first surface and the second edge of the third surface are starting points and extend in a direction away from the electrode assembly, the second part extends in a direction closer to the electrode assembly, and the first The two parts have a tail edge, the tail edge is connected to the third surface, and the plane of the second edge of the third surface in the thickness direction and the tail
  • the maximum distance between the second side and the electrode assembly adjacent to the second side is It is D, 0.3mm ⁇ D ⁇ 0.9mm.
  • the length Z is not greater than the height H of the fan-shaped region S of the radius R of the first side in the thickness direction, and the height H is from the height H The plane where the second edge of the third surface is located in the thickness direction is measured along the thickness direction to the lowest position of the fan-shaped region S in the thickness direction.
  • the range of the length Z is Z ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ T2.
  • the range of the length Z is 0.2 ⁇ T2 ⁇ Z.
  • the range of the difference between the thickness T2 of the casing and the thickness T1 of the electrode assembly is 0 ⁇ T2-T1 ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • the second side edge is a primary bending structure or a secondary bending structure, and the second side edge is sealed and attached to the third surface of the housing.
  • the electrode assembly is formed by winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece arranged at intervals, and an isolation film is arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the battery unit further includes an electrolyte located in the casing.
  • Another embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes the battery unit described in any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the battery cell and the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application are specially designed for the structure of the electrode assembly and the casing, thereby improving the safety performance and energy density of the battery cell and the electronic device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery unit shown in Fig. 1 at position A-A;
  • Fig. 2b shows a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the battery unit shown in Fig. 2a at position B-B;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery unit according to another embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery unit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the terms “about”, “approximately”, “substantially”, “substantial” and “similar” are used to describe and illustrate small changes.
  • the term may refer to an example in which the event or situation occurs precisely, as well as an example in which the event or situation occurs very closely.
  • the term when used in conjunction with a value, can refer to a range of variation less than or equal to ⁇ 10% of the stated value, such as less than or equal to ⁇ 5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 4%, less than or equal to ⁇ 3%, Less than or equal to ⁇ 2%, less than or equal to ⁇ 1%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.1%, or less than or equal to ⁇ 0.05%.
  • the difference between two values is less than or equal to ⁇ 10% of the average value of the value (for example, less than or equal to ⁇ 5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 4%, less than or equal to ⁇ 3%, less than Or equal to ⁇ 2%, less than or equal to ⁇ 1%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.1%, or less than or equal to ⁇ 0.05%), then the two values can be considered “substantially" the same and "similar".
  • lithium-ion batteries are two important indicators to measure the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • Existing soft-package lithium-ion batteries are usually packaged with aluminum-plastic film, and after the packaging is completed, the lithium-ion batteries need to undergo various types of safety tests such as drop, roller, high temperature and high humidity.
  • the existing lithium-ion batteries are prone to various problems such as aluminum-plastic film damage, package failure, opening of the folds, and liquid leakage after safety testing, which reduces the product yield of lithium-ion batteries and leads to the emergence of lithium-ion batteries. Many security risks.
  • the prior art usually uses a thicker aluminum-plastic film than ordinary aluminum-plastic film for encapsulation, or increases the amount of glue to make the aluminum-plastic film encapsulation stronger, and it is expected in this way To improve the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • these solutions not only reduce the energy density of the lithium ion battery, but also increase the production cost of the lithium ion battery, and the actual technical effect is not satisfactory.
  • the present application provides a battery unit and an electronic device, which through the special design of the structure of the electrode assembly and the housing, so as to balance the force of the electrode assembly to prevent the housing from damaging the electrode assembly, and at the same time can reduce
  • the side surface of the small electrode assembly and the space occupancy rate of the casing can avoid damage or failure in the safety test or actual use of the battery unit at the packaging position of the side of the casing. Therefore, the battery unit and the electronic device provided by the present application have better safety performance while also having a higher energy density.
  • the battery unit and electronic equipment provided by the present application will be described in detail below.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a battery unit 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell 10 according to Fig. 1 at position A-A.
  • Fig. 2b shows a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the battery unit 10 shown in Fig. 2a at the position B-B.
  • the battery unit 10 according to an embodiment of the present application includes: an electrode assembly 100 and a casing 200.
  • the electrode assembly 100 has a thickness direction F1 extending along the thickness of the battery cell 10 and a width direction F2 extending along the width of the battery cell 10 perpendicular to the thickness direction F1.
  • the electrode assembly 100 has a thickness T1 in the thickness direction F1.
  • the electrode assembly 100 is formed by winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece (not shown) arranged at intervals. An isolation film (not shown) is provided between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is a positive pole piece, and the second pole piece is a negative pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly 100 includes any number and polarity of electrode pole pieces.
  • the electrode assembly 100 has a first side 101 and a second side 102 connected to the first side 101.
  • the first side 101 and the second side 102 are both arc-shaped, and the radius of the first side 101 and the second side 102 may be approximately equal to T1/2.
  • the first side 101 and the second side 102 together constitute the side surface 103 of the electrode assembly 100.
  • the inside of the casing 200 is used for accommodating the electrode assembly 100.
  • the housing 200 may be an aluminum plastic film. In other embodiments of the present application, the material of the housing 200 is any suitable packaging material for soft-packed batteries commonly used in the art.
  • the housing 200 has a thickness T2 in the thickness direction F1.
  • the range of the difference between the thickness T2 of the housing 200 and the thickness T1 of the electrode assembly 100 is 0 ⁇ T2-T1 ⁇ 0.2mm, so as to shorten the The distance between the housing 200 and the electrode assembly 100 in the second direction F2 further improves the space utilization of the battery unit 10.
  • the distance between the battery case 200 and the electrode assembly 100 should be as small as possible. If the difference between T2 and T1 is too large, if the thickness of the shell material, such as the thickness of the aluminum-plastic mold, is the same, it means that the distance between the shell 200 and the electrode assembly 100 is relatively large. Therefore, when the battery cell 10 shakes during use or testing, the electrode assembly 100 is easily shaken in the housing 200, which may cause the battery cell 10 to be easily damaged after long-term use or safety testing, and thus the battery cell 10 The reliability is reduced. After many experiments, it is found that when the difference between T2 and T1 exceeds 0.2 mm, the safety performance of the battery unit 10 decreases significantly.
  • the distance between the upper case 200 and the electrode assembly 100 along the thickness direction F1 is shortened, the space utilization rate of the battery unit 10 is improved, and the battery is improved. In the case of the energy density of the unit 10, the good safety performance of the battery unit 10 is also ensured.
  • the housing 200 includes a first surface 201, a second surface 203, a first side 205, a second side 207, and a third surface 209.
  • the first surface 201 is opposite to the second surface 203.
  • the first surface 201 and the second surface 203 are flat. In other embodiments of the present application, the first surface 201 and the second surface 203 may be curved surfaces, or include both horizontal planes and curved surfaces.
  • the first surface 201 has a first edge 201a.
  • the second surface 203 has a first edge 203a.
  • the first side 205 is arc-shaped and has a starting end 205a and an ending end 205b.
  • the starting end 205a is connected to the first edge 203a of the second surface 203.
  • the end 205b is connected to the third surface 209.
  • the first side 205 connects the second surface 203 and the third surface 209.
  • the first side 205 is formed by a punch pit, and has a circular arc radius R and a center O.
  • the starting end 205a of the first side 205 is connected to the circle center O using a straight line to define the first boundary line M1, and the ending end 205b of the first side 205 is connected to the circle center O using a straight line to define the second boundary line M2.
  • the area enclosed by the first boundary line M1, the second boundary line M2, the first side 205, and the circle center O is defined as a fan-shaped area S.
  • the third surface 209 has a first edge 209a and a second edge 209b.
  • the first edge 209a of the third surface 209 is connected to the end 205b of the first side edge 205.
  • the second edge 209b of the third surface 209 is connected to the second side 207.
  • the third surface 209 encloses at least a part of the side surface 103 of the electrode assembly 100. After the pit is punched to form the housing 200, the third surface 209 is flat. After the wound electrode assembly 100 and the electrolyte are placed in the casing 200, the third surface 209 has a slight curvature due to the arc shape of the electrode assembly 100 and the filling of the electrolyte.
  • the second side 207 includes a first portion 207a and a second portion 207b.
  • the first part 207a extends in a direction away from the electrode assembly 100 starting from the first edge 201a of the first surface 201 and the second edge 209b of the third surface 209.
  • the second portion 207b extends toward the direction approaching the electrode assembly 100.
  • the second portion 207b has a trailing edge 207c. At least a part of the second portion 207b including the trailing edge 207c is connected to the third surface 209. At least a part of the second portion 207b of the second side 207 can be attached to the third surface 209 by glue.
  • the second portion 207b of the second side 207 can be attached to the third surface 209 in any suitable manner.
  • the tail 207d of the second side 207 is sealed by thermal bonding or glue or other methods commonly used in the art.
  • the second edge 209b of the third surface 209 has a length Z in the thickness direction F1 between the plane A1 in the thickness direction F1 and the end edge 207c in the plane A2 in the thickness direction F1, and 0.2 ⁇ T2 ⁇ Z ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ T2.
  • the length Z can be understood as the projection of the second portion 207b of the second side 207 in the thickness direction F1.
  • the length Z is not greater than the thickness T2 of the housing 200, and not greater than the height H of the sector S of the first side 205 in the thickness direction F1.
  • the height H is measured from the plane A1 where the second edge 209b of the third surface 209 is located in the thickness direction F1 along the thickness direction F1 to the lowest position of the fan-shaped area S in the thickness direction F1.
  • the second side 207 needs to be closely attached to the third surface 209 of the housing 200. If the second side 207 is not closely attached to the housing 200, the second side 207 will be easily separated from the first side 205 or open, thereby reducing the safety performance of the battery unit 10.
  • the length Z of the projection of the second side 207 in the thickness direction F1 is greater than the height H or greater than the thickness T2 of the housing 200 means that when the second side 207 is attached to the housing 200, the second part 207b will touch the first Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the second part 207b that touches the first side 205 is also tightly attached to the first side 205.
  • the second side edge 207 due to the large curvature of the first side edge 205, it is difficult for the second side edge 207 to closely fit the first side edge 205 in the actual manufacturing process.
  • the second side edge 207 is easily detached from the first side edge 205 due to the inadequate fit during the actual use of the battery unit 10. Or open.
  • the third surface 209 has only a slight curvature, it is easy to achieve a close fit between the second side 207 and the third surface 209, so that the second side 207 is not easily separated from the third surface 209 of the housing 200 This further reduces the occurrence of the second side 207 opening of the battery unit 10 during the safety test or actual use, which may cause damage or failure of the housing 200.
  • the maximum distance between the second side 207 and the electrode assembly 100 adjacent to the second side 207 in the width direction F2 is D, and 0.3mm ⁇ D ⁇ 0.9mm.
  • D the maximum distance between the second side 207 and the electrode assembly 100 in the width direction F2
  • shortening the distance between the second side 207 and the electrode assembly 100 helps the second side 207 to closely adhere to the third surface 209 of the housing 200, thereby reducing long-term use or safety testing of the battery unit 10 There is a risk that the rear second side 207 will open.
  • the range of the radius R of the first side 205 is (T2-Z)/2 ⁇ R ⁇ T1/2+0.3mm.
  • the battery unit 10 can not only have a high space utilization rate, but also have good safety performance.
  • the radius R of the first side 205 is designed to be as close as possible to the arc of the first side 101 of the electrode assembly 100. Since the first side 101 of the electrode assembly 100 is an arc of a quarter circle structure, it can be considered to set R equal to T1/2. However, after many experiments, it is found that setting R ⁇ T1/2+0.3mm is more suitable, and 0.3mm is the empirical correction value.
  • the battery cell 10 also includes an electrolyte in the housing 200.
  • the length Z of the second side 207 of the casing 200 and the radius R of the first side 205 are designed, and the maximum distance between the second side 207 and the electrode assembly 100 is D, so as to ensure that the battery unit 10 has more
  • the high space utilization rate further increases the energy density of the battery unit 10, and makes the second side 207 of the battery unit 10 not easily detached from the housing 200, reducing the risk of the second side 207 being opened and the housing 200 being worn.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery unit 10' according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the applicant has conducted the following tests on the battery cells of the various embodiments proposed in the present application.
  • the following ten sets of different embodiments provided in this application and a set of comparative examples based on the prior art are provided.
  • 15 battery cells of the same model and size were tested, and 15 battery cells of the same model and size were divided into three groups.
  • the first group was subjected to a 1.8-meter drop test 18 times, and the second group was subjected to a drop test of 18 times.
  • the 0.5-meter roller test was carried out with 2500 times, and the third group was subjected to 4800 times of HTHH (high temperature and high humidity) test.
  • the following table shows the size of the battery cells in each embodiment and the corresponding test results.
  • the battery cells that meet the requirements of (T2-Z)/2 ⁇ R ⁇ T1/2+0.3mm set according to the embodiments of this application are tested at 1.8 meters with 18 drops, 0.5 meters with 2500 rollers and slightly dropped.
  • the battery cells designed according to the prior art failed in the 18 drop test of 1.8 meters, the roller test of 2500 times of 0.5 meter, and the HTHH test of 4800 times of slight drop.
  • the battery unit provided by the embodiment of the present application not only improves the energy density of the battery unit, but also improves the safety performance of the battery unit.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell 40 according to the prior art after undergoing 4800 HTHH tests with slight drops.
  • the second side 407 on the right side of the battery cell 40 was detached from the housing 400 of the battery cell 40, and the surface of the housing 400 of the housing 400 was damaged.
  • the embodiments of the present application effectively improve the safety performance of the battery by improving the size of the housing of the battery unit and the dimensional relationship between the housing and the electrode assembly, and at the same time, the energy density of the battery unit is improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请是关于电池单元及电子设备。根据一实施例的电池单元包括：电极组件及壳体。电极组件具有在电池单元的厚度方向上的厚度T1。壳体收容电极组件，且具有在厚度方向上的厚度T2。壳体包括第一表面及第二表面；呈圆弧形的第一侧边，与第二表面相连，其半径为R；第三表面，与第一侧边相连，围封电极组件的侧面的至少一部分；第二侧边，包括以第一表面的第一边缘处和第三表面的第二边缘处为起点朝向远离电极组件的方向延伸的第一部分，及朝向靠近电极组件的方向延伸的第二部分，其具有连接至第三表面的尾端边缘，第三表面的第二边缘在厚度方向上的所处的平面与尾端边缘在厚度方向上的所处的平面之间沿厚度方向具有长度Z，且(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm。

Description

电池单元及电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及电池单元及电子设备。
背景技术
锂离子电池作为一种环保的二次电池，已经在诸如手机、摄像机、笔记本电脑等领域得到了广泛的应用。市场对于锂离子电池的能量密度和安全性能的要求日益提高。对于如何保证锂离子电池在具有较高的能量密度的同时，还能保证锂离子电池具有良好的安全性能，业内存在许多的技术问题亟待解决。
因此，需要设计一种具有良好的能量密度和安全性能的电池单元。
发明内容
本申请的目的之一在于提供一种电池单元及电子设备，其通过对电极组件与壳体的结构进行特殊设计，从而提高电池单元及电子设备的安全性能及能量密度。
本申请的一实施例提供一电池单元，包括：电极组件及壳体。所述电极组件具有在所述电池单元的厚度方向上的厚度T1。所述壳体收容所述电极组件，所述壳体具有在所述厚度方向上的厚度T2。所述壳体包括第一表面，及与所述第一表面相对的第二表面；呈圆弧形的第一侧边，其与所述第二表面相连，所述第一侧边的半径为R；第三表面，其与所述第一侧边相连，且围封所述电极组件的侧面的至少一部分；第二侧边，其包括第一部分及第二部分，所述第一部分以所述第一表面的第一边缘处和所述第三表面的第二边缘处为起点朝向远离所述电极组件的方向延伸，所述第二部分朝向靠近所述电极组件的方向延伸，且所述第二部分具有尾端边缘，所述尾端边缘连接至所述第三表面，且所述第三表面的第二边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面与所述尾端边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面之间沿所述厚度方向具有长 度Z，且(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在沿着与所述厚度方向垂直的所述电池单元的宽度方向上，所述第二侧边与邻近所述第二侧边的所述电极组件的最大距离为D，0.3mm<D<0.9mm。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述长度Z不大于由所述第一侧边的半径R的扇形区域S在所述厚度方向上的高度H，所述高度H所述高度H是从所述第三表面的第二边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面开始沿着所述厚度方向测量至由所述扇形区域S在所述厚度方向上的最低位置处。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述长度Z的范围是Z<0.8×T2。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述长度Z的范围是0.2×T2<Z。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述壳体的厚度T2与所述电极组件的厚度T1的差值的范围是0<T2-T1<0.2mm。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二侧边为一次弯折结构或二次弯折结构，所述第二侧边密封贴合于所述壳体的第三表面。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电极组件由间隔设置的第一极片和第二极片卷绕形成，所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间设置有隔离膜。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单元还包括位于所述壳体内的电解液。
本申请的另一实施例提供一电子设备，其包括上述实施例中任一实施例所述的电池单元。
本申请实施例提供的电池单元及电子设备通过对电极组件与壳体的结构进行特殊设计，从而提高电池单元及电子设备的安全性能及能量密度。
本申请实施例的额外层面及优点将部分地在后续说明中描述、显示、或是经由本申请实施例的实施而阐释。
附图说明
在下文中将简要地说明为了描述本申请实施例或现有技术所必要的附图以便于描述本申请实施例。显而易见地，下文描述中的附图仅只是本申请中的部分实施例。对本领域技术人员而言，在不需要创造性劳动的前提下， 依然可以根据这些附图中所例示的结构来获得其他实施例的附图。
图1示出了根据本申请一实施例的电池单元的结构示意图；
图2a示出了根据图1所示的电池单元在A-A位置处的截面示意图；
图2b示出了根据图2a所示的电池单元在B-B位置处的局部放大示意图；
图3示出了根据本申请另一实施例的电池单元的截面示意图；
图4示出了根据本申请又一实施例的电池单元的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施例将会被详细的描示在下文中。在本申请说明书全文中，将相同或相似的组件以及具有相同或相似的功能的组件通过类似附图标记来表示。在此所描述的有关附图的实施例为说明性质的、图解性质的且用于提供对本申请的基本理解。本申请的实施例不应该被解释为对本申请的限制。
在本说明书中，除非经特别指定或限定之外，相对性的用词例如：“中央的”、“纵向的”、“侧向的”、“前方的”、“后方的”、“右方的”、“左方的”、“内部的”、“外部的”、“较低的”、“较高的”、“水平的”、“垂直的”、“高于”、“低于”、“上方的”、“下方的”、“顶部的”、“底部的”以及其衍生性的用词(例如“水平地”、“向下地”、“向上地”等等)应该解释成引用在讨论中所描述或在附图中所描示的方向。这些相对性的用词仅用于描述上的方便，且并不要求将本申请以特定的方向建构或操作。
如本文中所使用，术语“约”、“大致”、“大体上”、“实质”及“相近”用以描述及说明小的变化。当与事件或情形结合使用时，所述术语可指代其中事件或情形精确发生的例子，以及其中事件或情形极近似地发生的例子。举例来说，当结合数值使用时，术语可指代小于或等于所述数值的±10％的变化范围，例如小于或等于±5％、小于或等于±4％、小于或等于±3％、小于或等于±2％、小于或等于±1％、小于或等于±0.5％、小于或等于±0.1％、或小于或等于±0.05％。举例来说，如果两个数值之间的差值小于或等于所述值的平均值的±10％(例如小于或等于±5％、小于或等于±4％、小于或等于±3％、小于或等于±2％、小于或等于±1％、小于或等于±0.5％、小于或等于±0.1％、或小于或等于±0.05％)，那么可认为所述两个数值“大体上”相同及“相近”。
再者，为便于描述，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等可在本文中用于区分一个图或一系列图的不同组件。“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等不意欲描述对应组件。
在本申请中，除非经特别指定或限定之外，“设置”、“连接”、“耦合”、“固定”以及与其类似的用词在使用上是广泛地，而且本领域技术人员可根据具体的情况以理解上述的用词可以是，比如，固定连结、可拆式连结或集成连结；其也可以是机械式连结或电连结；其也可以是直接链接或通过中介结构的间接链接；也可以是两个组件的内部通讯。
锂离子电池的能量密度和安全性能是衡量锂离子电池性能的两个重要指标。现有软包装锂离子电池通常采用铝塑膜封装，且在封装完成后锂离子电池需要进行诸如，跌落、滚筒、高温高湿等多种类型的安全测试。然而，现有锂离子电池在经过安全测试后很容易出现铝塑膜破损、封装失效、折边张开、漏液等多种问题，从而降低锂离子电池的产品良率，导致锂离子电池出现诸多安全隐患。为改善上述不良现象，现有技术通常使用相较于普通的铝塑膜更厚的铝塑膜进行封装，或通过增加胶水的用量以使得铝塑膜封装更为牢固，且期望以此些方式来提高锂离子电池的安全性能。但是，这些方案不仅降低了锂离子电池的能量密度，还增加了锂离子电池的生产成本，且实际的技术效果不尽人意。
鉴于以上情况，本申请提供了一种电池单元及电子设备，其通过对电极组件与壳体的结构进行特殊设计，从而平衡电极组件的受力以防止壳体对电极组件造成破坏，同时能够减小电极组件的侧面及壳体的空间占用率，且能够避免壳体的侧边的封装位置处在电池单元的安全测试或实际使用中发生破损或失效的情况。因而，本申请提供的电池单元及电子设备在具有更好的安全性能的同时，还兼具更高的能量密度。以下将详细描述本申请提供的电池单元及电子设备。
图1是根据本申请一实施例的电池单元10的立体示意图。图2a示出了根据图1所示的电池单元10在A-A位置处的截面示意图。图2b示出了根据图2a所示的电池单元10在B-B位置处的局部放大示意图。如图1、图2a和图2b所示，根据本申请一实施例的电池单元10包括：电极组件100及壳体 200。
电极组件100具有沿着电池单元10的厚度延伸的厚度方向F1，和垂直于厚度方向F1的沿着电池单元10的宽度延伸的宽度方向F2。电极组件100具有在厚度方向F1上的厚度T1。电极组件100由间隔设置的第一极片和第二极片(未示出)卷绕形成。第一极片和第二极片之间设置有隔离膜(未示出)。第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片。在本申请其它实施例中，电极组件100包括任意数量和极性的电极极片。电极组件100具有第一边101和与第一边101相连的第二边102。由于电极组件100通过卷绕电极极片所形成，第一边101和第二边102均呈圆弧形形状，且第一边101和第二边102的半径可约等于T1/2。第一边101和第二边102共同构成电极组件100的侧面103。壳体200内部用以收容电极组件100。壳体200可以是铝塑膜。在本申请其它实施例中，壳体200的材料是本领域常用的任意合适的软包电池的封装材料。壳体200具有在厚度方向F1上的厚度T2，本申请实施例设置壳体200的厚度T2与电极组件100的厚度T1的差值的范围是0<T2-T1<0.2mm，以缩短沿着与第二方向F2上壳体200与电极组件100的距离，从而进一步提升电池单元10的空间利用率。
为提升电池单元10的能量密度，电池壳体200与电极组件100之间的距离应当越小越好。若T2与T1的差值过大，在壳体材料厚度，如铝塑摸厚度相同的情况下，则意味着壳体200与电极组件100之间的距离较大。因此，当电池单元10在使用过程或测试过程中发生晃动时，电极组件100容易在壳体200内晃动，从而造成电池单元10在长时间使用或进行安全测试后容易破损，进而导致电池单元10的可靠性降低。经多次实验后发现当T2与T1的差值超过0.2mm时，电池单元10的安全性能下降显著。因此，本申请实施例通过设置0<T2-T1<0.2mm，使得沿着厚度方向F1上壳体200与电极组件100的距离缩短，提升了电池单元10的空间利用率，因而在提升了电池单元10的能量密度的情况下，还保证了电池单元10的良好的安全性能。
壳体200包括第一表面201、第二表面203、第一侧边205、第二侧边207及第三表面209。
第一表面201与第二表面203相对。第一表面201和第二表面203呈平 面状。在本申请其他实施例中，第一表面201与第二表面203可为弯曲表面，或既包括水平平面也包括弯曲表面。第一表面201具有第一边缘201a。第二表面203具有第一边缘203a。
第一侧边205呈圆弧形，且具有起始端205a和结束端205b。起始端205a与第二表面203的第一边缘203a相连。结束端205b与第三表面209相连。第一侧边205连接第二表面203和第三表面209。第一侧边205通过冲坑形成，其具有圆弧半径R，且具有圆心O。从第一侧边205的起始端205a使用直线连接至圆心O从而界定第一边界线M1，从第一侧边205的结束端205b使用直线连接至圆心O从而界定第二边界线M2。将由第一边界线M1、第二边界线M2、第一侧边205及圆心O所共同围封的区域定义为扇形区域S。
第三表面209具有第一边缘209a和第二边缘209b。第三表面209的第一边缘209a与第一侧边205的结束端205b相连。第三表面209的第二边缘209b与第二侧边207相连。第三表面209围封电极组件100的侧面103的至少一部分。在冲坑形成壳体200后，第三表面209呈平面状。将卷绕后的电极组件100及电解液放置于壳体200后，第三表面209由于电极组件100的弧形形状与电解液的填充而具有微小的弧度。
第二侧边207包括第一部分207a及第二部分207b。第一部分207a以第一表面201的第一边缘201a处和第三表面209的第二边缘209b处为起点朝向远离电极组件100的方向延伸。第二部分207b朝向靠近电极组件100的方向延伸。第二部分207b具有尾端边缘207c。包括尾端边缘207c在内的第二部分207b的至少一部分连接至第三表面209。第二侧边207的第二部分207b的至少一部分可通过胶体贴合至第三表面209。在本申请其他实施例中，第二侧边207的第二部分207b的至少一部分可通过任意合适的方式贴合至第三表面209。第二侧边207的尾部207d由热粘合或胶体或其它本领域常用方式进行密封。第三表面209的第二边缘209b在厚度方向F1上的所处的平面A1与尾端边缘207c在厚度方向F1上的所处的平面A2之间沿厚度方向F1具有长度Z，且0.2×T2<Z<0.8×T2。长度Z可理解为第二侧边207的第二部分207b在厚度方向F1上的投影。
本申请实施例设置长度Z不大于壳体200的厚度T2，且不大于由第一 侧边205的扇形区域S在厚度方向F1上的高度H。高度H是从第三表面209的第二边缘209b在厚度方向F1上的所处的平面A1开始沿着厚度方向F1测量至由扇形区域S在厚度方向F1上的最低位置处。在电池单元10中，第二侧边207需要紧密地贴合至壳体200的第三表面209。若第二侧边207与壳体200贴合不紧密，将导致第二侧边207容易从第一侧边205脱离或张开，从而降低电池单元10的安全性能。第二侧边207在厚度方向F1上的投影的长度Z大于高度H或者大于壳体200的厚度T2意味着将第二侧边207贴合至壳体200时，第二部分207b将触及第一侧边205，因此需要保证触及第一侧边205的第二部分207b也要紧密贴合至第一侧边205。然而，由于第一侧边205的弧度较大，在实际的制造过程中，第二侧边207难以与第一侧边205紧密贴合。并且，即使实现了第二侧边207贴合至第一侧边205，在电池单元10的实际使用过程中，第二侧边207也很容易由于贴合不紧密而从第一侧边205脱离或张开。进一步地，脱离或张开的第二侧边207更容易受到外力影响进而磨损壳体200，使得电池单元10的安全性能下降。若设置Z＝0.1×T2或Z＝0.9×T2，或0.85×T2，可以发现电池单元10的安全性能下降显著。本申请实施例通过设置尺寸Z的范围为0.2×T2<Z，可以保证第二侧边207在有效封印的范围，且通过设置尺寸Z的范围为Z<0.8×T2，可以保证电池单元10在安全性能上的优势，使得第二侧边207能够紧密贴合至壳体200的第三表面209。由于第三表面209仅具有微小的弧度，因而可以容易实现第二侧边207和第三表面209之间的紧密贴合，使第二侧边207不容易从壳体200的第三表面209脱离，进而减少电池单元10在安全测试或实际使用中发生第二侧边207张开，进而导致壳体200的破损或失效的情况。
第二侧边207在宽度方向F2上与邻近第二侧边207的电极组件100的最大距离为D，且0.3mm<D<0.9mm。本申请实施例通过设置最大距离D，能够缩短在宽度方向F2上第二侧边207与电极组件100的距离，以进一步提高电池单元10在宽度方向F2上的空间利用率。并且，缩短第二侧边207与电极组件100之间的距离有助于第二侧边207与壳体200的第三表面209的紧密贴合，从而降低电池单元10在长时间使用或安全测试后第二侧边207张开的风险。
第一侧边205的半径R的范围是(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm。本申请实施例通过设置(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm可以使得电池单元10不仅具有较高的空间利用率，还具有良好的安全性能。本申请实施例设计第一侧边205的半径R与电极组件100的第一边101的弧度尽量接近。由于电极组件100的第一边101为1/4圆结构的圆弧，因此可考虑设置R等于T1/2。然而，经过多次试验发现设置R≤T1/2+0.3mm较为适合，其中0.3mm为经验校正值。当设置R＝T1/2+0.4mm，可以发现电池单元10的安全性能下降显著。此外，若R大于T1/2，则电池单元10的空间利用率会降低，进而导致电池单元10的能量密度降低。若R等于0，则第一侧边205为直角结构，则电池单元10的空间利用率也会降低。本申请实施例通过设置R≥(T2-z)/2，使得电池单元10的第二侧边207的高度不超出扇形区域S在厚度方向F1上的最低位置以防止第一侧边205磨损壳体200。
电池单元10还包括位于壳体200内的电解液。
本申请实施例通过设计壳体200的第二侧边207的长度Z和第一侧边205的半径R，及第二侧边207与电极组件100的最大距离为D，保证电池单元10具有更高的空间利用率，进而提升电池单元10的能量密度，且使得电池单元10的第二侧边207不容易从壳体200脱离，降低第二侧边207张开进而磨损壳体200的风险。
图3示出了根据本申请另一实施例的电池单元10'的截面示意图。
图3所示的电池单元10'与图1所示的电池单元10的区别仅在于：第二侧边207为经过两次弯折的二次弯折结构。
申请人对本申请的所提出的各种实施例的电池单元进行了如下测试。提供以下十组根据本申请提供的不同的实施例和一组根据现有技术的对比实施例。每一实施例均对15个型号及尺寸相同的电池单元进行了测试，且将15个型号及尺寸相同的电池单元分为三组，第一组进行1.8米18次跌落测试，第二组进行0.5米2500次滚筒测试，第三组进行微跌4800次HTHH(高温高湿)测试。下表展示了各个实施例中电池单元的尺寸及相应的测试结果。
表1 实施例一至十及对比例的电池单元的尺寸及相应的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020075089-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020075089-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020075089-appb-000003
由上表可知，满足根据本申请实施例设定的(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm的电池单元在1.8米18次跌落测试、0.5米2500次滚筒测试及微跌4800次+HTHH测试中均未出现侧边张开、电池单元胀气及壳体破损等情况。然而，根据现有技术设计的电池单元，在1.8米18次跌落测试、0.5米2500次滚筒测试及微跌4800次HTHH测试中均有2个电池单元未通过的情况。由此可见，本申请实施例提供的电池单元，其不仅提高电池单元能量密度，还能够提升电池单元的安全性能。
图4示出了根据现有技术的电池单元40经过微跌4800次HTHH测试后的截面示意图。如图4所示的电池单元40与图1所示的电池单元10的区别仅在于：壳体400的第一侧边405的半径R没有满足(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm，且第二侧边407的长度Z也没有满足0.2×T2<Z<0.8×T2，其中T1＝3.753mm，T2＝3.810mm，尺寸Z＝3.310mm，R＝2.350mm。在经过微跌4800次HTHH测试后，电池单元40出现右侧的第二侧边407从电池单元40的壳体400脱离，且壳体400的壳体的表面出现破损的情况。
因此，本申请实施例通过改善电池单元的壳体的尺寸及壳体与电极组件之间的尺寸关系有效地改善了电池的安全性能，且同时还提升了电池单元的能量密度。
本申请的技术内容及技术特点已揭示如上，然而熟悉本领域的技术人员仍可能基于本申请的教示及揭示而作种种不背离本申请精神的替换及修饰。因此，本申请的保护范围应不限于实施例所揭示的内容，而应包括各种不背离本申请的替换及修饰，并为本专利申请权利要求书所涵盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池单元，其特征在于，其包括：
    电极组件，所述电极组件具有在所述电池单元的厚度方向上的厚度T1；及
    壳体，其收容所述电极组件，所述壳体具有在所述厚度方向上的厚度T2，所述壳体包括：
    第一表面，及与所述第一表面相对的第二表面；
    呈圆弧形的第一侧边，其与所述第二表面相连，所述第一侧边的半径为R；
    第三表面，其与所述第一侧边相连，且围封所述电极组件的侧面的至少一部分；
    第二侧边，其包括第一部分及第二部分，所述第一部分以所述第一表面的第一边缘处和所述第三表面的第二边缘处为起点朝向远离所述电极组件的方向延伸，所述第二部分朝向靠近所述电极组件的方向延伸，且所述第二部分具有尾端边缘，所述尾端边缘连接至所述第三表面，且所述第三表面的第二边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面与所述尾端边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面之间沿所述厚度方向具有长度Z，且(T2-Z)/2≤R≤T1/2+0.3mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其特征在于，在沿着与所述厚度方向垂直的所述电池单元的宽度方向上，所述第二侧边与邻近所述第二侧边的所述电极组件的最大距离为D，0.3mm<D<0.9mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述长度Z不大于由所述第一侧边的半径R的扇形区域S在所述厚度方向上的高度H，所述高度H是从所述第三表面的第二边缘在所述厚度方向上的所处的平面开始沿着所述厚度方向测量至由所述扇形区域S在所述厚度方向上的最低位置处。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述长度Z的范围是Z<0.8×T2。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述长度Z的范围是0.2×T2<Z。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述壳体的厚度T2与所述电极组件的厚度T1的差值的范围是0<T2-T1<0.2mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述第二侧边为一次弯折结构或二次弯折结构，至少一部分所述第二部分密封贴合于所述壳体的第三表面。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述电极组件由间隔设置的第一极片和第二极片卷绕形成，所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间设置有隔离膜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单元，其特征在于，所述电池单元还包括位于所述壳体内的电解液。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，其包括一或多个根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池单元。
PCT/CN2020/075089 2020-02-13 2020-02-13 电池单元及电子设备 WO2021159390A1 (zh)

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