Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon
  • C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
  • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
  • C08K7/06—Elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon

Definitions

• the carbon particles that are used as starting materials for the present composite materials may include graphene, spherical carbons (carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which may also be referred to as multi -walled spherical fullerenes (MWSF) or multi-shell fullerenes), and/or carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
• CNOs carbon nano-onions
• the carbon particles may have a unique 3-dimensional (3D) structure in X, Y and Z dimensions, such as graphene structures that form a pore matrix (such as, void spaces, cavities or openings) and that include sub-particles of single layer graphene (SLG), few layer graphene (FLG) and/or many layer graphene (MLG).
• the pore matrix and high surface area of the present 3D structures enhance interlocking of the resin with the carbon materials, improving the interfacial strength and adhesion between the resin and carbon materials and thus improving properties of the resulting composite material.
• the interconnected sub-particles 1110 form a 3D assembled structure that has open spaces (such as, pores) between the sub-particles 1110 as described previously in relation to FIG. 3.
• the sub-particles 1110 and interconnections are formed in a plasma reactor as described herein.
• the innate mechanical properties (such as, elastic modulus, tensile strength) of the single layer graphene (such as, layers 1112) are uncompromised or maintained - that is, having minimal basal plane defects - during creation of the particle 1100.
• Purposely engineered-in defects result from tuning the growth of the carbon structure. Such tuning can be accomplished by controlling reactor process conditions such as gas flow rate, residence time, flow velocity, Mach number, hydrocarbon concentration and the like, to name but a few.
• Other process conditions that can be controlled so as to tune the growth of a lattice include plasma specific conditions such as plasma concentration, heat profile gradients, disorientation within the plasma energy, ionization energy potential, collision frequency, microwave wave modulations, and microwave frequencies.
• FIG. 13 shows a flowchart 1300 representing methods of producing a composite material, according to some implementations.
• Methods include producing a plurality of carbon particles in a plasma reactor in step 1310; functionalizing, in the plasma reactor, the plurality of carbon particles to promote chemical bonding with a resin in step 1320; and combining, within the plasma reactor, the functionalized plurality of carbon particles with the resin to form a composite material in step 1330.
• the carbon particles may be directly combined with the resin in the reactor, without contact from an external resource or without the need for human contact of the resin or carbon particles.
• the aspect of being impurity -free can be quantified. Specifically, the techniques such as are disclosed herein can produce impurity-free carbons to the extent that the carbon purity is 99% or greater. In some cases, the remaining 1% may contain various impurities and yet are quantifiably impurity free, at least to the 99% level of purity.
• One possible test to determine the total amount of impurities is to fully oxidize the sample and evaluate the affluent stream. This is further described in ASTM E2550 as well as ASTM D1619.
• specific active area (SAA) of a carbon is the percentage of a corresponding SSA that is available for interaction (such as, interaction with the polymer, etc.)
• the figure depicts a desired region 1630 that lies above the shown graphene surface area limit 1610 and to the right of the shown graphite surface area limit 1620.
• FIG. 16C1 it represents a set of crinkled morphology graphene materials (CrinkleA, CrinkleB, CrinkleC) with different degrees of graphene sheet roughness obtained by tuning of production conditions as described above. It shows that D/G ratio drops linearly with increases in crystallite size indicating formation of fewer folds on the platelet for CrinkleA material as compared to others.
• resistance to oxidation might be a dominant parameter when selecting a thermoplastic or thermoset for use in making corrosion-resistant valves.
• mechanical attributes such as a strength-to-weight ratio might be a dominating mechanical attribute.
• the component might also need to exhibit a very high resistance to system fatigue.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013181.1A patent/CN118772654A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013202.XA patent/CN118772658A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-01-26 WO PCT/US2021/015098 patent/WO2021158395A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2021-01-26 JP JP2022547952A patent/JP2023512804A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013195.3A patent/CN118772657A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013178.XA patent/CN118755280A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013183.0A patent/CN118772655A/zh active Pending
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  • 2021-01-26 CN CN202411013214.2A patent/CN118772659A/zh active Pending
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  • 2021-01-26 KR KR1020227029156A patent/KR20220139905A/ko not_active Ceased
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