WO2021155696A1 - 一种多波束天线 - Google Patents

一种多波束天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021155696A1
WO2021155696A1 PCT/CN2020/130046 CN2020130046W WO2021155696A1 WO 2021155696 A1 WO2021155696 A1 WO 2021155696A1 CN 2020130046 W CN2020130046 W CN 2020130046W WO 2021155696 A1 WO2021155696 A1 WO 2021155696A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guiding device
antenna
pole
antenna element
substrate
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PCT/CN2020/130046
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔龙
余敏
陈一
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2022547270A priority Critical patent/JP7461488B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227029710A priority patent/KR102684477B1/ko
Priority to EP20918122.1A priority patent/EP4089835A4/en
Publication of WO2021155696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021155696A1/zh
Priority to US17/879,090 priority patent/US11909123B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a multi-beam antenna.
  • antennas are also facing more More demand.
  • Traditional single-beam antennas usually have only one main radiation direction. When the antenna placement position is determined, the main radiation direction is also determined, and it is difficult to take into account radiation from multiple directions at the same time.
  • multi-beam antennas Compared with single-beam antennas, multi-beam antennas have multiple main radiation directions, which can increase the coverage area of the antenna and meet the wide coverage requirements of existing communication systems. Generating radiation in different directions through the combination of multiple antennas is a method of realizing multiple beams.
  • the antenna is designed in the form of an array antenna.
  • the array antenna needs to be set up with a complicated feeding network, resulting in a larger overall size of the antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-beam antenna, and the multi-beam antenna can achieve beam coverage in at least two directions only by feeding power at one end, and there is no need to set up a complicated feed network, which is more conducive to realizing the miniaturization of the multi-beam antenna. change.
  • the first guiding device is used to cause the first beam generated by the antenna element to radiate to the first direction
  • the second guiding device is used to cause the second beam generated by the antenna element to radiate to the second direction
  • the multi-beam The antenna can achieve beam coverage in at least two directions only by feeding power at one end, without setting up a complicated feeding network, which is more conducive to miniaturization of the multi-beam antenna.
  • both the first guiding device and the second guiding device are used to enhance the radiation of the antenna in a certain direction.
  • the type of the first guiding device and the type of the second guiding device include a director and a reflector.
  • the radiation direction of the beam through the reflector is the direction from the reflector to the antenna element
  • the beam radiation direction through the action of the director is the direction from the antenna element to the director.
  • the first guiding device and the second guiding device may both be reflectors, or both may be directors, or one may be a reflector and the other may be a director.
  • a variety of specific types of the first guiding device and the second guiding device are provided, which improves the scalability of the solution.
  • the multi-beam antenna further includes a feeder, and the first pole, the second pole, and the feeder are arranged on the first surface of the substrate or the second surface of the substrate.
  • a feeder and the first pole, the second pole, and the feeder are arranged on the first surface of the substrate or the second surface of the substrate.
  • another specific implementation manner of connecting the antenna element and the feeder is provided, which improves the flexibility of the solution.
  • the first guiding device is provided on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate, and the second guiding device is provided on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate.
  • the first guiding device and the second guiding device may be arranged on the same surface of the substrate, or may be respectively arranged on different surfaces of the substrate, which enriches the implementation modes of the present application.
  • the antenna element is arranged along the angular bisector of the included angle between the first axis and the second axis, and the gains of the two beams are similar in this case.
  • the antenna element overlaps the angle bisector, or the antenna element is symmetrical with respect to the angle bisector.
  • the antenna element may not be arranged along the bisector of the angle. For example, if the antenna element 102 rotates around its phase center, the gain of the two beams will also have a large difference. In this embodiment, the antenna element can be rotated according to actual needs to meet different gain requirements.
  • the resonant length of the antenna element is different from the length of the first guiding device and the length of the second guiding device.
  • the length of the reflector is greater than the resonance length of the antenna element, and the length of the director is less than the resonance length of the antenna element.
  • the multi-beam antenna further includes a third steering device and a fourth steering device, the type of the third steering device and the type of the fourth steering device include a director and a reflector, and the third The guiding device is used to radiate the first beam in the first direction, the fourth guiding device is used to radiate the second beam in the second direction, the antenna element is located between the first guiding device and the third guiding device, and the antenna element is located in the second direction. Between the second guiding device and the fourth guiding device.
  • the gain effect of the first beam in the first direction and the gain effect of the second beam in the second direction can be enhanced.
  • the first guiding device 103 is a guiding device
  • at least one guiding device may be placed side by side with the first guiding device 103 along the first direction to lift the first guiding device 103.
  • the gain of a beam if the second guiding device 104 is a director, at least one director can be placed side by side with the second guiding device 104 along the second direction to increase the gain of the second beam.
  • the first guiding device is used to cause the first beam generated by the antenna element to radiate in the first direction
  • the second guiding device is used to cause the second beam generated by the antenna element to radiate in the second direction
  • the multi-beam The antenna can achieve beam coverage in at least two directions only by feeding power at one end, without setting up a complicated feeding network, which is more conducive to miniaturization of the multi-beam antenna.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sixth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a seventh structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is another directional diagram of a multi-beam antenna
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an eighth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a ninth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a tenth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a multi-beam antenna, which can achieve beam coverage in at least two directions only by feeding at one end without setting up a complicated feeding network, which is more conducive to miniaturization of the multi-beam antenna.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth”, etc. (if any) in the description and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, without having to use To describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than the content illustrated or described herein.
  • the terms “including” and “having” and any variations of them are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those clearly listed. Those steps or units may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or equipment.
  • the first guiding device 103 causes the first beam to radiate in the first direction
  • the second guiding device 104 causes the beam to radiate in the first direction.
  • the second beam radiates in the second direction.
  • the phase center of the antenna element 102 is located at the intersection of the first axis and the second axis, where the first axis passes through the phase center of the first guiding device 103 and is parallel to the first direction, and the second axis passes through the phase center of the second guiding device 104 And parallel to the second direction.
  • phase centers of the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 are the same, except that the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 do not receive the feed signal, which is the phase center generated by self-resonance. It can be understood that if the antenna element 102, the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 are all regular geometric shapes, then the geometric center is the phase center.
  • both the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 are used to enhance the radiation of the antenna in a certain direction.
  • the types of the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 include a director and a reflector.
  • the antenna element 102 generates a current component perpendicular to each radiation direction after receiving the feed signal, and the current component in a certain direction excites the induced current component on the reflector or director along the same direction.
  • the reflector causes the phase of the induced current component thereon to excite the antenna element 102 in advance, and the director causes the phase of the induced current component thereon to lag to excite the antenna element 102.
  • the length of the reflector is greater than the resonance length of the antenna element 102, and the length of the director is less than the resonance length of the antenna element 102.
  • the radiation direction of the beam through the reflector is the direction from the reflector to the antenna element 102, and the beam radiation direction through the action of the director is the direction from the antenna element 102 to the director.
  • the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 shown in FIG. 1 are both reflectors.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • the first guiding device 103 is a reflector
  • the second guiding device 104 is a director.
  • the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 may have regular geometric shapes, such as the strip reflector shown in FIG. 1, but may also have other shapes, which are not specifically limited here.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application, in which the second guiding device may be an arc reflector.
  • the present application does not limit the shape of the antenna element 102.
  • the shape of the antenna element 102 may be a "one" shape as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the first pole 102a and the second pole 102b are two branches.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the multi-beam antenna in the embodiment of the application, in which the shape of the antenna element 102 is a "cross" shape.
  • the first pole 102a and the second pole 102b are two branches.
  • Fig. 8 rotates around its phase center, and accordingly, the gains of the two beams will also have a large difference.
  • Fig. 9 is another pattern of the multi-beam antenna. Compared with the pattern shown in Fig. 2, the gains of the two beams are basically the same. With the rotation of 102, the gain of the two beams in the pattern shown in FIG. 9 is obviously different. Therefore, in practical applications, the antenna element 102 can be appropriately rotated according to requirements.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an eighth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • the multi-beam antenna may further include a third guiding device 105 corresponding to the first guiding device 103 and a fourth guiding device 106 corresponding to the second guiding device 104.
  • the function of the third guiding device 105 is similar to that of the first guiding device 103, and the first beam can be radiated in the first direction.
  • the function of the fourth guiding device 106 is similar to that of the second guiding device 104, and can make the second beam radiate in the second direction.
  • the gain effect of the first beam in the first direction and the gain effect of the second beam in the second direction can be enhanced.
  • the first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 are both reflectors, then the third guiding device 105 and the fourth guiding device 106 are both directors.
  • the first guide device 103 and the second guide device 104 are both guides, then the third guide 105 and the fourth guide 106 are both reflectors.
  • the first guide device 103 is a reflector and the second guide device 104 is a director
  • the third guide device 105 is a director
  • the fourth guide device 106 is a reflector.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a ninth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • the first guiding device 103 is a director
  • at least one director can be placed side by side with the first guiding device 103 along the first direction to increase the gain of the first beam.
  • the second guiding device 104 is a director
  • at least one director can be placed side by side with the second guiding device 104 along the second direction to increase the gain of the second beam.
  • a director 107 is placed side by side with the first guide device 103 in the first direction
  • a director 108 is placed side by side with the second guide device 104 in the second direction.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a tenth structure of a multi-beam antenna in an embodiment of this application.
  • the multi-beam antenna may further include a feeder 109, and the first pole 102a of the antenna element 102 is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 101, and the second pole 102b of the antenna element 102 is arranged on the lower surface of the substrate 101.
  • the feeder line 109 may be a coaxial cable, the inner conductor of the feeder line 109 is connected to the first pole 102a, and the outer conductor of the feeder line 109 is connected to the second pole 102b, so that the first pole 102a receives the feed signal.
  • the diode 102b is grounded.
  • the feeder 109 may also be disposed on the same surface of the substrate 101 as the first pole 102a and the second pole 102b of the antenna element 102, which is not specifically limited here.
  • first guiding device 103 and the second guiding device 104 can be provided on the upper surface of the substrate 101, can also be provided on the lower surface of the substrate 101, or can be fixed on the four sides of the substrate 101, which are not specifically described here. limited.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种多波束天线，并且该多波束天线只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。本申请实施例的多波束天线包括：基板、天线振子、第一导向装置和第二导向装置，天线振子、第一导向装置和第二导向装置设置于基板上，天线振子包括第一极和第二极，第一极用于接收馈电信号，第二极接地，第一导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，天线振子的相位中心位于第一轴和第二轴的交点，第一轴经过第一导向装置的相位中心且平行于第一方向，第二轴经过第二导向装置的相位中心且平行于第二方向。

Description

一种多波束天线
本申请要求于2020年2月4日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010079798.9、发明名称为“一种多波束天线”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线领域，尤其涉及一种多波束天线。
背景技术
随着现代通信系统的高速发展，人们对通信系统的通信速率、信道容量、数据吞吐量、用户覆盖率等方面提出了越来越高的要求，作为通信系统的最前端，天线也面临着更多的需求。传统的单波束天线通常只具有一个主辐射方向，当天线摆放位置确定后，主辐射方向也就随之确定，难以同时兼顾多个方向的辐射。
相较于单波束天线而言，多波束天线的则具有多个主辐射方向，可以提升天线的覆盖区域，满足了现有通信系统广覆盖的需求。通过多个天线的组合在不同方向产生辐射是一种实现多波束的方法，例如，将天线设计为阵列天线的形式。然而，阵列天线需要设置复杂的馈电网络，导致天线的整体尺寸较大。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种多波束天线，并且该多波束天线只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供的多波束天线包括基板、天线振子、第一导向装置和第二导向装置，天线振子、第一导向装置和第二导向装置设置于基板上，天线振子包括第一极和第二极，第一极用于接收馈电信号，第二极接地，第一导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，天线振子的相位中心位于第一轴和第二轴的交点，第一轴经过第一导向装置的相位中心且平行于第一方向，第二轴经过第二导向装置的相位中心且平行于第二方向。
在该实施方式中，第一导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，并且该多波束天线只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，第一导向装置和第二导向装置都是用于增强天线在某一个方向的辐射。具体地，第一导向装置的类型和第二导向装置的类型包括引向器和反射器。经过反射器作用的波束辐射方向是从反射器至天线振子的方向，经过引向器作用的波束辐射方向是从天线振子至引向器的方向。例如，第一导向装置和第二导向装置可以都是反射器，也可以都是引向器，又或者一个是反射器另一个是引向器。在该实施方式中，提供了多种第一导向装置和第二导向装置的具体类型，提高了本方案的扩展性。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，多波束天线还包括馈线，第一极设置于基板的第一表面，第二极设置于基板的第二表面。具体的，该馈线可以是同轴线缆，馈线的内导体与第一极连接，馈线的外导体与第二极连接，以此实现第一极接收馈电信号，第二极接地。在该实施方式中，提供了一种天线振子与馈线连接的具体实现方式，提高了本方案的可实现性。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，多波束天线还包括馈线，第一极、第二极和馈线设置于基板的第一表面或基板的第二表面。在该实施方式中，提供了另一种天线振子与馈线连接的具体实现方式，提高了本方案的灵活性。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，第一导向装置设置于基板的第一表面或，基板的第二表面，第二导向装置设置于基板的第一表面或基板的第二表面。在该实施方式中，第一导向装置和第二导向装置可以设置在基板的同一面上，也可以分别设置在基板的不同面上，丰富了本申请的实现方式。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，天线振子沿着第一轴和第二轴之间的夹角的角平分线设置，此时两个波束的增益大小相近。例如，天线振子与该角平分线重叠，或者天线振子相对于该角平分线对称。除此之外，该天线振子也可以不沿着该角平分线设置，例如，天线振子102绕着其相位中心进行了旋转，相应的，两个波束的增益大小也会有较大差异。在该实施方式中，可以根据实际需要旋转该天线振子，以满足不同的增益需求。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，第一轴与第二轴垂直，此时第一导向装置和第二导向装置上的感应电流分量相互正交，两个波束为非相干叠加，两个波束的独立性最高。当然，第一轴和第二轴之间的夹角也可以不是90度，提高了本方案的扩展性。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，天线振子的谐振长度不同于第一导向装置的长度和第二导向装置的长度。其中，反射器的长度大于天线振子的谐振长度，引向器的长度小于天线振子的谐振长度。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，多波束天线还包括第三导向装置和第四导向装置，第三导向装置的类型和第四导向装置的类型包括引向器和反射器，第三导向装置用于使第一波束向第一方向辐射，第四导向装置用于使第二波束向第二方向辐射，天线振子位于第一导向装置和第三导向装置之间，且天线振子位于第二导向装置和第四导向装置之间。在该实施方式中，通过设置第三导向装置和第四导向装置可以增强第一波束在第一方向上的增益效果以及第二波束在第二方向上的增益效果。
可选地，在一些可能的实施方式中，若第一导向装置103为引向器，那么沿着第一方向还可以再与第一导向装置103并排放置至少一个引向器，用以提升第一波束的增益。同理，若第二导向装置104为引向器，那么沿着第二方向还可以再与第二导向装置104并排放置至少一个引向器，用以提升第二波束的增益。
从以上技术方案可以看出，本申请实施例具有以下优点：
本申请实施例中，第一导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，并且该多波束天线只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第一种结构示意图；
图2为多波束天线的一种方向图；
图3为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第二种结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第三种结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第四种结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第五种结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第六种结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第七种结构示意图；
图9为多波束天线的另一种方向图；
图10为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第八种结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第九种结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第十种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种多波束天线，只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
图1为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第一种结构示意图。该多波束天线包括基板101、天线振子102、第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104。天线振子102、第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104都设置在基板101上。天线振子102包括两个极，分别是第一极102a和第二极102b，其中，第一极102a用于接收馈电信号，第二极102b接地。第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104用于使天线振子102产生的波束向不同的方向辐射，具体的，第一导向装置103使第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置104使第二波束向第二方向辐射。天线振子102的相位中心位于第一轴和第二轴的交点，其中，第一轴经过第一导向装置103的相位中心且平行于第一方向，第二轴经过第二导向装置104的相位中心且平行于第二方向。
需要说明的是，天线振子102所辐射出的电磁波在离开天线振子102一定的距离后，其等相位面会近似为一个球面，该球面的球心即为该天线振子102的相位中心。相位中心理论上应该是一个点。就是说,理论上可以认为天线振子102辐射的信号是以这个点为圆心向外辐射的。但是在实际应用中，通常不可能做的那么完美，因此天线振子的相位中心可以理解为一个区域。另外，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104的相位中心也同理，只是第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104没有接收馈电信号，是由于自谐振产生的相位 中心。可以理解的是，若天线振子102、第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104都是规则的几何形状，那么其几何中心即为相位中心。
可选地，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104都是用于增强天线在某一个方向的辐射。其中，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104的类型包括引向器和反射器。天线振子102接收馈电信号后会产生与各辐射方向垂直的电流分量，某一个方向的电流分量在沿同方向的反射器或引向器上激励起感应电流分量。反射器使得其上的感应电流分量的相位超前激励天线振子102，引向器使得其上的感应电流分量的相位滞后激励天线振子102。其中，反射器的长度大于天线振子102的谐振长度，引向器的长度小于天线振子102的谐振长度。经过反射器作用的波束辐射方向是从反射器至天线振子102的方向，经过引向器作用的波束辐射方向是从天线振子102至引向器的方向。例如，图1中所示的第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104均为反射器。
可以理解的是，还可以在第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104的基础上设置更多的导向装置。多个波束的辐射方向不同，在空间中相互叠加，最终形成多波束辐射。以图1所示的多波束天线结构为例，图2为多波束天线的一种方向图，可以看出该多波束天线具有两个主辐射方向。
图3为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第二种结构示意图。其中，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104均为引向器。
图4为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第三种结构示意图。其中，第一导向装置103为反射器，第二导向装置104为引向器。
可选地，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104可以是规则几何形状，例如图1中所示的条形反射器，除此之外也可以是其他形状，具体此处不做限定。例如，图5为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第四种结构示意图，其中，第二导向装置可以是弧形反射器。
可选地，本申请并不限定天线振子102的形状。天线振子102的形状可以是如图1所示的“一”字形，其中，第一极102a和第二极102b是两个分支。此外，图6为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第五种结构示意图，其中，天线振子102的形状为“十”字形，同样的，第一极102a和第二极102b是两个分支。
可选地，图7为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第六种结构示意图。本申请并不限定第一轴和第二轴之间的夹角，即第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104放置的位置可以有多种变化。例如，第一轴和第二轴时间的夹角可以是如图7所示的锐角，也可以是如图1所示的直角。需要说明的是，若第一轴和第二轴之间的夹角为直角，则第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104上的感应电流分量相互正交，此时的两个波束为非相干叠加，两个波束的独立性最高。
可选地，天线振子102可以沿着第一轴和第二轴之间夹角的角平分线设置，此时两个波束的增益大小相近。例如，图1中天线振子102与该角平分线重叠，图6中天线振子102相对于该角平分线对称。除此之外，该天线振子102也可以不沿着该角平分线设置。具体请参阅图8，图8为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第七种结构示意图。相较于图1中所示的天线振子102，图8中的天线振子102绕着其相位中心进行了旋转，相应的，两个波束的增益大小也会有较大差异。以图8所示的多波束天线结构为例，图9为多波束天线的另一种方向图，相较于图2所示的方向图中两个波束的增益大小基本一致，随着天线振子102 的旋转，图9所示的方向图中两个波束的增益大小有明显差异。因此，在实际应用中可以根据需求适当旋转该天线振子102。
可选地，图10为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第八种结构示意图。多波束天线还可以包括与第一导向装置103对应的第三导向装置105以及与第二导向装置104对应的第四导向装置106。其中，第三导向装置105的功能与第一导向装置103的功能类似，可以使第一波束向第一方向辐射。第四导向装置106的功能与第二导向装置104类似，可以使第二波束向第二方向辐射。通过设置第三导向装置105和第四导向装置106可以增强第一波束在第一方向上的增益效果以及第二波束在第二方向上的增益效果。例如图10中，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104均为反射器，那么第三导向装置105和第四导向装置106均为引向器。又例如，若第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104均为引向器，那么第三导向装置105和第四导向装置106均为反射器。又例如，若第一导向装置103为反射器，第二导向装置104为引向器，那么第三导向装置105为引向器，第四导向装置106为反射器。
可选地，图11为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第九种结构示意图。若第一导向装置103为引向器，那么沿着第一方向还可以再与第一导向装置103并排放置至少一个引向器，用以提升第一波束的增益。同理，若第二导向装置104为引向器，那么沿着第二方向还可以再与第二导向装置104并排放置至少一个引向器，用以提升第二波束的增益。例如图11中，沿第一方向与第一导向装置103并排放置有引向器107，沿第二方向与第二导向装置104并排放置有引向器108。
可选地，图12为本申请实施例中多波束天线的第十种结构示意图。多波束天线还可以包括馈线109，并且天线振子102的第一极102a设置于基板101的上表面，天线振子102的第二极102b设置于基板101的下表面。具体的，该馈线109可以是同轴线缆，馈线109的内导体与第一极102a连接，馈线109的外导体与第二极102b连接，以此实现第一极102a接收馈电信号，第二极102b接地。可以理解的是，除了图12所示的结构外，馈线109也可以与天线振子102的第一极102a以及第二极102b设置于基板101的同一表面上，具体此处不做限定。
可选地，第一导向装置103和第二导向装置104可以设置于基板101的上表面，也可以设置于基板101的下表面，又或者可以固定在基板101的四边上，具体此处不做限定。
本申请实施例中，第一导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，第二导向装置用于使天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，并且该多波束天线只通过一端馈电就可以实现至少两个方向上的波束覆盖，无需设置复杂的馈电网络，更利于实现多波束天线的小型化。
需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多波束天线，其特征在于，包括基板、天线振子、第一导向装置和第二导向装置，所述天线振子、所述第一导向装置和所述第二导向装置设置于所述基板上，所述天线振子包括第一极和第二极，所述第一极用于接收馈电信号，所述第二极接地，所述第一导向装置用于使所述天线振子产生的第一波束向第一方向辐射，所述第二导向装置用于使所述天线振子产生的第二波束向第二方向辐射，所述天线振子的相位中心位于第一轴和第二轴的交点，所述第一轴经过所述第一导向装置的相位中心且平行于所述第一方向，所述第二轴经过所述第二导向装置的相位中心且平行于所述第二方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述第一导向装置的类型和所述第二导向装置的类型包括引向器和反射器。
  3. 根据权力要求1或2所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述多波束天线还包括馈线，所述第一极设置于所述基板的第一表面，所述第二极设置于所述基板的第二表面，所述馈线的内导体与所述第一极连接，所述馈线的外导体与所述第二极连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述多波束天线还包括馈线，所述第一极、所述第二极和所述馈线设置于所述基板的第一表面或所述基板的第二表面。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述第一导向装置设置于所述基板的第一表面或所述基板的第二表面，所述第二导向装置设置于所述基板的第一表面或所述基板的第二表面。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述天线振子沿着所述第一轴和所述第二轴之间的夹角的角平分线设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述第一轴与所述第二轴垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述天线振子的谐振长度不同于所述第一导向装置的长度和所述第二导向装置的长度。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述多波束天线还包括第三导向装置和第四导向装置，所述第三导向装置的类型和所述第四导向装置的类型包括引向器和反射器，所述第三导向装置用于使所述第一波束向第一方向辐射，所述第四导向装置用于使所述第二波束向第二方向辐射，所述天线振子位于所述第一导向装置和所述第三导向装置之间，且所述天线振子位于所述第二导向装置和所述第四导向装置之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的多波束天线，其特征在于，所述第一导向装置的类型为引向器，所述多波束天线还包括至少一个第一引向器，所述第一导向装置和所述至少一个第一引向器沿着所述第一方向依次设置；
    或者，所述第二导向装置的类型为引向器，所述多波束天线还包括至少一个第二引向器，所述第二导向装置和所述至少一个第二引向器沿着所述第二方向依次设置。
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