WO2021145442A1 - ホットスタンプ成形体 - Google Patents
ホットスタンプ成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021145442A1 WO2021145442A1 PCT/JP2021/001320 JP2021001320W WO2021145442A1 WO 2021145442 A1 WO2021145442 A1 WO 2021145442A1 JP 2021001320 W JP2021001320 W JP 2021001320W WO 2021145442 A1 WO2021145442 A1 WO 2021145442A1
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- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 53
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 47
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hot stamp molded article.
- Improvements in collision performance include a deformation suppressing member for maintaining the shape of a member without being deformed even when subjected to an impact, and a shock absorbing member for absorbing collision energy by bending deformation.
- the former is required to be a material with high toughness. This is because it is important to maintain the shape of the member without being deformed even when it receives an impact. Further, the latter is required to be a material having high bendability. This is because it is important to absorb the energy of the collision by bending deformation.
- parts having these functions have been applied to parts such as center pillars. Specifically, a material having deformation suppressing performance is used on the upper side of the part to stably secure the occupant space, and a material having shock absorbing performance is used on the lower side to actively deform the part.
- the tailored property member is applied.
- Patent Document 1 describes a microstructure containing 90% or more of former austenite having a predetermined chemical composition and an average crystal grain size of 3 ⁇ m or less, and at least one of lower bainite, martensite, and tempered martensite.
- the invention relating to the hot stamping compact having is described.
- the average crystal grain size of the former austenite is set to 3 ⁇ m or less, and one or two of Nb and Mo are dissolved in the former austenite grain boundaries to increase the embrittlement strength of the grain boundaries. Excellent shock absorption capacity can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 has a predetermined chemical composition, the metal structure contains less than 40% bainite, less than 5% austenite, less than 5% ferrite, the balance is martensite, and the martensite is autotempered. Inventions relating to pressed hardened steel parts, including martensite, have been described. Patent Document 2 describes bainite and martensite by controlling the cooling rate between 750 and 450 ° C. after hot pressing to 40 to 360 ° C./s and the cooling rate between 450 and 250 ° C. at 15 to 150 ° C./s.
- Patent Document 3 describes a steel component having a predetermined chemical composition and having a metal structure consisting of at least 75% equiaxed ferrite, 5% or more and 20% or less of martensite, and 10% or less of bainite. The invention is described.
- Patent Document 1 defines that the average crystal grain size of austenite is controlled to 3 ⁇ m or less by controlling the conditions of hot finish rolling and the rate of temperature rise during hot stamp heating. However, the martensite autotemper Is not mentioned.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the surface ratio of auto-tempered martensite is 5% or more, the measurement thereof is a known method by inspecting a cross section with an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope. It is only described that the image is analyzed by, and it is not clarified. Further, the invention of Patent Document 2 describes that the amount of ferrite is set to less than 5% in order to obtain a desired strength. On the other hand, the invention of Patent Document 3 is to improve the tensile strength without reducing the ductility by allowing the martensite in the form of an island to exist in the ferrite matrix by increasing the amount of ferrite to 75% or more. There is. However, the degree of ductility is at most 23.5%.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, and is a hot stamp molding having a tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa, excellent ductility, and excellent collision energy absorption performance.
- the purpose is to provide the body.
- the microstructure is ferrite with an area ratio of 5 to 50%, and further, in order to increase crack propagation resistance, martensite in the metal structure of the hot stamped molded product. It was found that it is important to increase the proportion of auto-tempered martensite crystal grains (hereinafter, also referred to as "auto-tempered amount”) among the sites.
- the autotemper is a phenomenon in which the crystal grains that have completed the martensitic transformation are tempered in order, the martensitic crystal grains that have been transformed at a low temperature are less likely to be tempered.
- martensite produced at a low temperature is hard and brittle, sufficient tempering will increase the margin for improving mechanical properties.
- Ms-M 80 martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) and the temperature at which martensitic transformation is completed by 80% (M 80). It has been found. In order to reduce Ms-M 80 , it is important to keep the surface pressure applied to the blank at the time of hot stamping higher than usual. Although the exact reason for this is unknown, it is presumed that by setting the surface pressure at the time of hot stamping within a predetermined range, the stability of austenite is lowered and the martensitic transformation is likely to proceed at an early stage.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is the following hot stamp molded article.
- the chemical composition is mass%. C: 0.06% or more, less than 0.20%, Si: 0.010 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.80 to 2.00%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.500%, N: 0.010% or less, Nb: Exceeds 0.020% and 0.10% or less, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, V: 0 to 0.10%, Cr: 0 to 0.50%, Mo: 0 to 1.00%, B: 0 to 0.0100%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, REM: 0-0.0100%, Mg: 0 to 0.010%, Ca: 0-0.0100%, Co: 0-2.0%, Remaining: Fe and impurities,
- the microstructure is the area ratio, Ferrite: 5-50%, Martensite: 50-95%, The proportion of the region in the
- the maximum bending angle ⁇ (deg) according to the German Association of the Automotive Industry standard VDA238-100 is 90 or more.
- Hot stamped body. (2) The chemical composition is mass%. Ti: 0.001 to 0.10%, V: 0.001 to 0.100%, Cr: 0.010 to 0.50%, Mo: 0.010 to 1.000%, B: 0.0001 to 0.010%, Ni: 0.001 to 0.50%, REM: 0.001 to 0.010%, Mg: 0.001 to 0.010%, Includes one or more selected from Ca: 0.001 to 0.010% and Co: 0.01 to 2.0%.
- the tensile strength is 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa.
- TS strength of 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa, excellent ductility of 25% or more of elongation at break (total elongation), and determination based on the German Association of the Automotive Industry standard VDA238-100 (April 2017 version).
- a hot stamped body having excellent bendability with a maximum bending angle hereinafter, also simply referred to as “maximum bending angle”
- maximum bending angle ⁇ of 90 (deg) or more and excellent crack propagation resistance
- FIG. 1 shows a distribution (histogram) of GAIQ values of a test piece in which auto-tempered crystal grains and non-auto-tempered crystal grains are mixed.
- FIG. 2 shows the test No. of Examples.
- a GAIQ map created by ternating the GAIQ values of 35,000 and 45,000 as boundary values for the hot stamped molded product of No. 9 is shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the impact force-displacement curve.
- C 0.06% or more, less than 0.20%
- C is an important element for obtaining a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa in a hot stamped molded product. If the C content is less than 0.06%, martensite is soft and it is difficult to secure sufficient tensile strength. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.06% or more. On the other hand, if the C content is 0.20% or more, the autotemper does not advance, so that the martensite becomes hard and the bendability of the hot stamped molded product decreases. Therefore, the C content is set to less than 0.20%.
- the preferred lower limit of the C content is 0.07%, 0.08% or 0.09%, and the preferred upper limit is 0.17%, 0.15%, 0.13% or 0.11%.
- Si: 0.010 to 1.00% has temper softening resistance and has an effect of suppressing a decrease in strength due to autotemper during hot stamp quenching. If the Si content is less than 0.010%, the above effect may not be obtained and the tensile strength may not be obtained, or the bendability may deteriorate. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.010% or more. When it contains more than 1.00% of Si, 3 points of Ac increase, and it may not become austenite single phase at the time of hot stamp heating, and the microstructure of the hot stamped compact becomes a heterogeneous structure, so that it is bendable. Deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is set to 1.00% or less. The preferred lower limit of the Si content is 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.20% or 0.30%, and the preferred upper limit is 0.90%, 0.80%, 0.70% or 0. It is .60%.
- Mn 0.80 to 2.00%
- Mn is an element useful for enhancing the hardenability of steel and stably ensuring a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. If the Mn content is less than 0.80%, the hardenability is insufficient, and it is difficult to secure a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more in the hot stamped molded product. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.80% or more. On the other hand, when the Mn content is more than 2.00%, microsegregation is promoted, the structure becomes inhomogeneous and fracture is likely to occur, and the bendability of the hot stamped compact is lowered, so that it is 2.00%. Is the upper limit. The preferred lower limit of the Mn content is 0.90%, 1.00%, 1.15% or 1.30%, and the preferred upper limit is 1.90%, 1.80% or 1.60%.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is an element that segregates at the grain boundaries and reduces the strength of the grain boundaries.
- the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.050%, 0.030%, 0.020% or 0.015%.
- the lower limit of the P content is not particularly limited, but if it is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the P removal cost will increase significantly, which is economically unfavorable. In actual operation, the P content may be 0.0001% or more.
- S 0.010% or less
- S is an element that forms inclusions in steel.
- the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.0060%, 0.0040% or 0.0030%.
- the lower limit of the S content is not particularly limited, but if it is reduced to less than 0.00015%, the cost of removing S is significantly increased, which is economically unfavorable. In actual operation, the S content may be 0.00015% or more.
- Al: 0.010 to 0.500% is an element having an action of deoxidizing molten steel to make the steel sound (suppressing the occurrence of defects such as blow holes in the steel). If the Al content is less than 0.010%, deoxidation is not sufficiently performed, so the Al content is set to 0.010% or more.
- the lower limit of the Al content is preferably 0.010%, 0.020% or 0.030%.
- the Al content exceeds 0.500%, a coarse oxide serving as a bending crack starting point is generated in the steel, and the bendability of the hot stamped compact is lowered. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.500% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the Al content is 0.400%, 0.300%, 0.100% or 0.080%.
- N 0.010% or less
- N is an impurity element, which is an element that forms a nitride as a bending crack starting point in steel and deteriorates the bendability of the hot stamped compact.
- the upper limit of the N content is preferably 0.0075%, 0.0060% or 0.0050%.
- the lower limit of the N content is not particularly limited, but if it is reduced to less than 0.0001%, the N removal cost is significantly increased, which is economically unfavorable. In actual operation, the N content may be 0.0001% or more.
- Nb Exceeds 0.020% and 0.10% or less
- Nb is an element that improves the strength of the hot stamped molded product by strengthening the solid solution and contributes to the refinement of the former austenite granules by forming the carbonitride and improves the bendability.
- the Nb content is set to exceed 0.020%.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.025%, 0.030%, 0.035% or 0.040%.
- the Nb content is 0.10% or less. do.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.080%, 0.070% or 0.060%.
- Ti: 0 to 0.10% Ti is contained as necessary in order to secure the amount of solid solution B required for ensuring hardenability by consuming solid solution nitrogen by forming a carbonitride and suppressing the formation of BN. good.
- the lower limit of the Ti content is 0%.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Ti content is more preferably 0.002% or more.
- coarse TiN serving as a bending crack starting point is generated, so that the bendability deteriorates.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.10% or less.
- the upper limit of the Ti content is more preferably 0.08%, 0.05% or 0.03%.
- V 0 to 0.10%
- V is an element that improves the strength of the hot stamped molded product by strengthening the solid solution. Further, V is an element that contributes to the refinement of the former austenite grains by forming a carbonitride and improves the bendability. Therefore, it may be contained as needed.
- the lower limit of V content is 0%. In order to obtain the above effect, the V content is preferably 0.001% or more. Preferably, the V content is 0.005% or more. If it exceeds 0.100%, the austenite crystal grains are excessively refined, the hardenability is lowered, and ferrite may be formed, so that the bendability of the hot stamped compact is lowered. Therefore, the V content is set to 0.100% or less.
- the upper limit of the V content is preferably 0.08%, 0.05% or 0.02%.
- Cr 0 to 0.50% Since Cr is an element that suppresses the formation of ferrite that enhances hardenability and deteriorates bendability, it may be contained as necessary.
- the lower limit of the Cr content is 0%. In order to obtain the above effect, it is preferable to contain 0.010% or more. A more preferable lower limit is 0.02%.
- Cr is an element that suppresses autotemper in the cooling process during hot stamping in order to lower the temperature of the Ms point.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.50% or less.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is more preferably 0.40%, 0.20%, 0.10%, 0.05% or 0.02%.
- Mo 0 to 1.00%
- Mo is an element that improves the strength of the hot stamped compact by solid solution strengthening, enhances the hardenability of steel, and suppresses the formation of ferrite that deteriorates bendability, and may be contained as necessary. ..
- the lower limit of the Mo content is 0%. In order to obtain the above effect, it is preferable to contain 0.010% or more. The preferable lower limit of the Mo content is 0.015%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.000%, not only the above effect is saturated but also the alloy cost is increased. Therefore, the Mo content is set to 1.000% or less.
- the upper limit of the Mo content is more preferably 0.80%, 0.40% 0.10%, 0.06% or 0.03%.
- B 0-0.0100% Since B is an element that segregates at the grain boundaries and enhances the hardenability of steel, it may be contained if necessary.
- the lower limit of the B content is 0%. In order to obtain the above effect, it is preferable to contain 0.0001% or more.
- the B content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the B content is set to 0.0100% or less.
- the upper limit of the B content is more preferably 0.0075%, 0.0040%, 0.0020% 0.0015%, 0.0010% or 0.0003%.
- Ni 0 to 0.50% Since Ni is an element that dissolves in austenite, enhances the hardenability of steel, and stably secures a strength of 590 MPa or more, it may be contained if necessary.
- the lower limit of the Ni content is 0%. In order to obtain the above effect, the Ni content is preferably 0.001% or more. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 0.50%, the above effect is saturated and the alloy cost is increased. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably 0.50% or less.
- the preferred lower limit of the Ni content is 0.01%, and the preferred upper limit is 0.40%, 0.20%, 0.10% 0.07% or 0.03%.
- REM 0 to 0.0100%
- the lower limit of the REM content is 0%. However, even if the REM content exceeds 0.010%, the above effect is only saturated and the cost is increased. Therefore, the REM content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the preferred lower limit of the REM content is 0.0002%, and the more preferred lower limit is 0.0005%.
- the preferred upper limit of REM is 0.0080%, 0.0050%, 0.0030% or 0.0020%.
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements composed of Sc, Y and lanthanoids. In this embodiment, the REM content refers to the total content of these elements.
- Mg 0 to 0.010%
- Mg is an element having an action of deoxidizing molten steel to make the steel sound, and may be contained as necessary in order to improve bendability.
- the lower limit of the Mg content is 0%. However, even if the content exceeds 0.010%, the above effect is only saturated and the cost is increased. Therefore, the Mg content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mg content is 0.0001%, and the more preferable lower limit is 0.0005%.
- the preferred upper limit of Mg is 0.008%, 0.005% or 0.003%.
- Ca 0 to 0.010%
- the lower limit of the Ca content is 0%. However, even if the Ca content exceeds 0.010%, the above effect is only saturated and the cost is increased. Therefore, the Ca content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ca content is 0.001%, and the more preferable lower limit is 0.005%.
- the preferred upper limit of Ca is 0.0080% 0.0050%, 0.0030% or 0.0020%.
- Co is an element having an action of increasing the Ms point and an element of improving bendability, and may be contained as necessary.
- the lower limit of the Co content is 0%.
- the Co content is preferably 0.01% or more. More preferably, it is 0.02% or more.
- the Co content is preferably 2.0% or less.
- the upper limit of the Co content is more preferably 1.5%, 0.8%, 0.3% or 0.1%.
- the rest of the chemical composition of the hot stamped article according to this embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- Impurities are elements that are unavoidably mixed from the steel raw material or scrap, and / or elements that are unavoidably mixed in the steelmaking process, and are allowed as long as they do not impair the characteristics of the hot stamped article according to the present embodiment.
- the elements to be used are exemplified.
- the proportion of regions in martensite where the GAIQ value is 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 is 30 area% or more.
- the greatest feature of the present invention is that the microstructure is transformed into martensite during the cooling process during hot stamping, and then the martensite crystal grains with relatively high dislocation density are autotempered to have a relatively low dislocation density.
- the purpose is to improve bendability as crystal grains. Therefore, it is important to quantify the proportion of auto-tempered martensite grains. Therefore, the present inventors have studied the measuring method and diligently studied the method for determining the ratio of auto-tempered martensite crystal grains, and as a result, established the following method.
- the metallographic structure of the test piece is measured by the electron backscatter diffraction method, and among the obtained measurement data, the metallographic structure having a bcc structure is analyzed by the Grain Average Image Quality (GAIQ) parameter.
- GAIQ Grain Average Image Quality
- FIG. 1 shows a distribution (histogram) of GAIQ values of a test piece in which auto-tempered crystal grains and non-auto-tempered crystal grains are mixed.
- the histogram in this test piece is composed of two peaks, the highest peak and the second highest peak (GAIQ is around 34500 and around 37500).
- the histogram of the GAIQ value it is possible to separate the crystal grains whose dislocation density has been lowered by the autotemper and the crystal grains which have not been autotempered and whose dislocation density remains high.
- the tendency of the histogram in the test piece to consist of two peaks was also confirmed in various materials. From this, in the case of the hot stamped molded article having the mechanical strength and the metal structure targeted by the present invention, the region where the GAIQ value is 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 corresponds to the auto-tempered martensite crystal grains. ..
- the GAIQ value is 45,000 or more, it is confirmed by a metalhistological investigation that it is mainly composed of ferrite. In addition, the same investigation confirmed that the GAIQ value of bainite (upper bainite and lower bainite) was 35,000 or more and less than 45,000.
- FIG. 2 shows a GAIQ map created by ternating the GAIQ values 35000 and 45000 as boundary values.
- the GAIQ map shown in FIG. 2 it is possible to easily visualize the crystal grains whose dislocation density has been lowered by the autotemper, and the "region in which the GAIQ value in martensite is 35,000 or more and less than 45,000" is auto. It is possible to calculate the ratio (area ratio) of the region where the tempered martensite crystal grains are present. In the present invention, the ratio of the area of the region where the auto-tempered martensite crystal grains are present to the area of martensite is calculated.
- the proportion of the region in which the GAIQ value is 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 in martensite is 30 area% or more, the number of martensite crystal grains auto-tempered in martensite can be sufficiently increased. Therefore, the bendability of the hot stamp molded product can be improved.
- this ratio is preferably 40 area% or more.
- the upper limit of this ratio is not particularly limited, but there is a problem that if the auto-tempered area is too large, the strength of 590 MPa or more may not be secured. Therefore, the GAIQ value in martensite is 35,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the proportion of the region less than 45,000 is preferably 95 area%, more preferably 90 area%.
- the microstructure of the hot stamped molded product of the present invention is 5 to 50% ferrite and 50 to 95% martensite in terms of area ratio.
- the microstructure preferably contains 60% or more of martensite in terms of area ratio, and more preferably 70% or more of martensite. That is, the lower limit of the total area ratio of martensite and ferrite is 65%. The lower limit is preferably 75%, 85% or 90%, more preferably 95%, 98% or 100%.
- the structure other than ferrite and martensite in the microstructure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include upper bainite, lower bainite, and retained austenite. Further, iron carbide and the like may be contained.
- the upper limit of the residual structure other than martensite and ferrite is 35% in area ratio, preferably 25%, 15%, or 10%, and more preferably 5%, 2%, or 0%. ..
- the residual structure can be defined as, for example, one or more structures selected from upper bainite, lower bainite, retained austenite and iron carbides.
- the area ratio of each tissue can be measured by the following method.
- each of the 10 fields of view (however, the field of view area is 0.0001 mm 2 or more) that has been indented in advance. ),
- the secondary electron image is photographed at a photographing magnification of 5000 times.
- Ferrite and hard phase (martensite, bainite, retained austenite) are distinguished from the photograph obtained by the above method.
- Upper bainite, lower bainite and martensite can be distinguished by the presence or absence of iron carbide in the lath-shaped crystal grains and the elongation direction of the iron carbide. Since retained austenite is not sufficiently etched, the amount of retained austenite is measured by the method described later.
- Upper bainite is a structure composed of aggregates of lath-like crystal grains, and is accompanied by precipitation of carbides between laths.
- Lower bainite and tempered martensite are also structures composed of aggregates of lath-like crystal grains, but are structures containing carbides inside the lath.
- Lower bainite and tempered martensite are distinguished from each other by the elongation direction of carbides.
- the carbides of lower bainite have a single variant, the angular differences of the carbides present in one block are within 5 ° and have substantially a single orientation.
- the carbide of tempered martensite has a plurality of variants, and the carbide existing in one block extends in a plurality of directions. These differences distinguish between lower bainite and tempered martensite.
- the area ratio of retained austenite is measured in the same area as the observation area in which the photographed photograph is obtained.
- the observation surface is re-polished using # 600 to # 1500 silicon carbide paper, and then mirror-polished. Next, polishing is performed at room temperature with colloidal silica containing no alkaline solution for 8 minutes to remove the strain introduced into the surface layer of the observation surface.
- the observation surface is measured by electron backscatter diffraction at a measurement interval of 0.1 ⁇ m to obtain crystal orientation information.
- an apparatus composed of a thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (JSM-7001F manufactured by JEOL) and an EBSD detector (DVC5 type detector manufactured by TSL) is used.
- the degree of vacuum in the apparatus is 9.6 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa or less
- the acceleration voltage is 15 kv
- the irradiation current level is 13
- the electron beam irradiation level is 62.
- the obtained crystal orientation information is used to calculate the area ratio of retained austenite, which is an fcc structure, by using the "Phase Map" function installed in the software "OIM Analysis (registered trademark)" attached to the EBSD analyzer. Obtain the area ratio of retained austenite.
- martensite, tempered martensite, upper bainite, lower bainite and retained austenite can be identified in the hard phase. Therefore, the area ratios of upper bainite, lower bainite and retained austenite are divided from the area ratio of the hard phase. The area ratio of all martensite can be calculated.
- the analysis target of the GAIQ value does not include tissues other than the bcc structure, for example, retained austenite having the fcc structure.
- the GAIQ value of bainite is 35,000 or more and less than 45,000, and the GAIQ value of ferrite is 45,000 or more. Therefore, next, by removing the bainite specified in the above secondary electron image (photographing magnification: 10000 times) using the "Highlight" function, the area ratio of martensite having a GAIQ value of 35,000 or more and less than 45,000. Is derived.
- the image of bainite identified by the secondary electron image is recorded.
- a GAIQ map with the same field of view is created by EBSD, the analysis target of the GAIQ value is limited to the metal structure (ferrite, martensite, bainite) having a bcc structure, and then the hard structure corresponding to GAIQ 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 Extract.
- ferrite with a GAIQ of 45,000 or more martensite with a GAIQ of less than 35,000 and retained austenite are excluded, and martensite and bainite with a GAIQ of 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 are extracted.
- martensite having a predetermined GAIQ value is identified by using the Highlight function of OIM Analysis.
- the Highlight function is a function that extracts and displays the data of the specified crystal grains from the created map. Specifically, the secondary electron image and the GAIQ map are superposed, and the region determined to be bainite in the secondary electron image is excluded by the Highlight function. By the above procedure, the remaining hard structure is identified as martensite having a GAIQ of 35,000 or more and less than 45,000.
- the hot stamped molded article of the present invention may have a plating layer on its surface. This is for suppressing scale generation in the hot stamping process and improving the corrosion resistance of the hot stamping member.
- Hot-dip metal plating includes hot-dip galvanizing, alloying hot-dip galvanizing, hot-dip aluminum plating, and hot-dip aluminum-zinc plating. If the molten metal plating layer is hard, cracks may occur during hot stamping and the corrosion resistance of the hot stamping member may deteriorate. Therefore, the hot-dip metal plating is preferably hot-dip galvanizing or alloyed hot-dip galvanizing in which the plating layer is soft.
- the amount of plating adhered to the surface of the steel sheet is preferably 3 to 800 g / m 2 per side. If the amount of plating adhered is less than 3 g / m 2 per side, it is difficult to surely obtain the effect of improving the corrosion resistance. On the other hand, if the amount of plating adhered exceeds 800 g / m 2 per side, defects such as blow holes are likely to occur during welding. From the viewpoint of improving corrosion resistance and suppressing cost increase, the amount of plating adhered is more preferably 10 to 200 g / m 2.
- the plating is alloyed hot-dip galvanizing.
- the degree of alloying of the alloyed hot-dip galvanizing it is preferable that the Fe content in the plating film is 3% or more and 25% or less. If the Fe content in the plating film is less than 3%, evaporation of the plating film during hot stamping cannot be sufficiently suppressed, while if the Fe content in the plating film is more than 25%, hot stamping cannot be performed. The powdering property of the molded member deteriorates.
- the Fe content in the plating film is more preferably 7 to 18%.
- the surface of the galvanized layer or the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer may be further coated with an organic or inorganic film.
- the tensile strength TS of the hot stamped molded article according to the present embodiment is 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa. If necessary, the lower limit may be 610 MPa, 640 MPa, 680 MPa or 720 MPa, and the upper limit may be 960 MPa, 920 MPa, 880 MPa or 840 MPa.
- the maximum bending angle ⁇ (deg) of the hot stamped molded article according to the present embodiment is 90 or more. If necessary, it may be 95 or more, 98 or more, 101 or more, or 105 or more.
- the upper limit does not need to be specified, but may be 180 or less, 150 or less, 130 or less, or 120 or less.
- the thickness of the hot stamped molded product according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.3 to 6.0 mm. If necessary, the lower limit may be 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm or 1.2 mm, and the conditions may be 5.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 3.6 mm, 3. It may be 2 mm or 2.8 mm.
- a slab having the above chemical composition is prepared, and for example, a steel sheet for hot stamping is manufactured by the following manufacturing method.
- the slab to be subjected to hot rolling may be a slab manufactured by a conventional method, and may be a slab manufactured by a general method such as a continuous casting slab or a thin slab caster.
- a steel material having the above-mentioned chemical composition is subjected to hot rolling, heated to 1200 ° C. or higher in the hot rolling step, and subjected to soaking heat treatment at that temperature for 20 minutes or longer.
- the heating temperature is less than 1200 ° C. or the soaking temperature is less than 20 minutes, the remelting of coarse inclusions such as Ti does not proceed and remains as the starting point of fracture, so that the bendability may deteriorate. be.
- the heating temperature is preferably 1250 ° C. or higher, and the soaking time is 25 minutes or longer.
- the preferred upper limit of the heating temperature is 1350 ° C., and the preferred upper limit of the soaking time is 120 minutes.
- the finish rolling temperature is preferably Ar 3 points or more, and more preferably Ar 3 + 30 ° C. or more.
- the preferred upper limit of the finish rolling temperature is 1050 ° C.
- Ar 3 points are represented by the following equation (1). Each element symbol in the formula (1) indicates the content (mass%) of each element.
- Ar 3 points (° C.) 850 + 10 ⁇ (C + N) ⁇ Mn + 350 ⁇ Nb + 250 ⁇ Ti + 40 ⁇ B + 10 ⁇ Cr + 100 ⁇ Mo ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Equation (1)
- Winding process The finish-rolled steel sheet is wound around a coil at 750 ° C. or lower. If the winding temperature exceeds 750 ° C., a large amount of scale is generated and it becomes difficult to remove the scale in the pickling step of the next step. Therefore, the winding temperature is set to 750 ° C. or lower. It is preferably 600 ° C. or lower. The preferred lower limit of the take-up temperature is 350 ° C.
- the above hot-rolled steel sheet may be reheated for the purpose of softening, if necessary. Further, it may be subjected to cold rolling, continuous annealing, and continuous hot dip galvanizing steps.
- Cold rolling may be cold rolling performed at a normal rolling reduction, for example, 30 to 90%.
- various known hot-dip metal plating, electroplating, etc. are applied according to the purpose of suppressing scale formation in the hot stamping process and improving the corrosion resistance of the hot stamping member. May be applied.
- a hot stamping molded product is manufactured by the following manufacturing method.
- Heating process In the hot stamping step, heating is performed at an average heating rate of 150 ° C./s or less. When the average heating rate exceeds 150 ° C./s, the redissolution of carbides does not proceed and the carbon concentration in austenite becomes locally non-uniform, causing variations in the amount of autotemper, resulting in an inhomogeneous structure and bending. The sex may deteriorate. It is preferably heated at 100 ° C./s or less.
- the lower limit of the heating rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ° C./s or higher, more preferably 2 ° C./s or higher from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the heating temperature is set to 3 points or more of Ac, and after holding in the temperature range for 10 to 300 seconds, hot molding is performed.
- the heating temperature is less than 3 points of Ac, it becomes a two-phase region heating, and there is a problem that ferrite precipitates, resulting in an inhomogeneous structure, and carbide redissolution does not proceed, resulting in deterioration of bendability. Therefore, the lower limit of the heating temperature is set to Ac 3 points or more. It is preferably Ac 3 + 20 ° C.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but the higher the temperature, the higher the heating cost. Therefore, from the viewpoint of production cost, the upper limit of the heating temperature is set to Ac 3 points + 100 ° C. or less.
- Ac 3 points + 80 ° C. or lower are represented by the following formula (2).
- Each element symbol in the formula (2) indicates the content (mass%) of each element.
- Ac 3 points (° C.) 910-203 x C 0.5 + 66 x Si-25 x Mn + 700 x P-11 x Cr + 109 x Al + 400 x Ti-15.2 x Ni + 104 x V + 31.5 x Mo ... Equation (2) )
- the forming step is carried out in a temperature range of 650 to 800 ° C. so that a surface pressure P (MPa) satisfying the conditions represented by the following formula (3) is applied to the hot stamping steel sheet.
- the surface pressure P is a pressing force per unit area applied to the hot stamping steel sheet, and is obtained from the pressing force / the area of the hot stamping steel sheet.
- Ms in the above formula (3) can be obtained by the following formula (4).
- Ms 539-423 (% C) -30 (% Mn) -12 (% Cr) -17 (% Ni) -7.5 (% Mo) ... Equation (4)
- the surface pressure P has a practical upper limit of 200 MPa in relation to the equipment capacity of the press machine.
- the Ms point rises, the temperature at which martensitic transformation starts rises, and the number of martensite crystal grains that are auto-tempered increases accordingly. Therefore, the Ms point is preferably 250 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 290 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the Ms point is preferably 550 ° C. because it suppresses deterioration of bendability due to coarsening of carbides due to excessive promotion of autotemper.
- the upper limit of the Ms point is more preferably 500 ° C.
- a relatively small press device has been used for hot pressing. This is because it is not easy to put the heated steel sheet extracted from the heating device into a large press device with a very large pressing force while keeping it at a high temperature, and press it.
- the manufacturing cost is very high assuming processing by a press machine, and the steel sheet for hot stamping heated to the austenite region is easily deformed, so it is not necessary to use a large press machine. .. Therefore, the surface pressure during the conventional hot press working is very small, and the surface pressure is less than the lower limit of the range of the above formula (3).
- the cooling rate (average cooling rate) in the temperature range from after hot stamping to 250 ° C. is preferably 20 ° C./s or more and 500 ° C./s or less.
- the cooling rate from after hot stamping to 250 ° C to 20 ° C / s or more and 500 ° C / s or less it is possible to make the microstructure of the hot stamped product martensite (tempered martensite). Become. If the cooling rate is less than 20 ° C./s, a soft phase such as ferrite may be formed in the microstructure without quenching, which may be lower than the tensile strength of 590 MPa of the hot stamped molded product.
- the cooling rate is preferably 20 ° C./s or higher. It is preferably 30 ° C./s or higher.
- the cooling rate is set to 500 ° C./s or less. Preferably, it is 300 ° C./s or less.
- the cooling rate in the temperature range of 250 ° C. or lower is reduced as much as possible in order to increase the proportion of auto-tempered martensite crystal grains. That is, the temperature range from 250 ° C. to 100 ° C. is cooled at an average cooling rate of 1 ° C./s or more and 50 ° C./s or less.
- tempering may be performed in a temperature range of 100 ° C to 350 ° C for the purpose of adjusting the strength. In order to increase the tensile strength of the hot stamped product, it is preferable not to heat it to 350 ° C. or higher after hot stamping. If necessary, the heating temperature after hot stamping may be 300 ° C. or lower, 250 ° C. or lower, or 200 ° C. or lower. Further, for the purpose of improving the deformability of the hot stamped molded product, a softened region may be provided in a part of the molded product after hot stamping.
- softened region means, for example, that a part of the molded product (for example, a flange portion) is partially tempered and a softened region is provided on a part of the molded product. Further, during the molding process, even if a sufficiently high surface pressure is applied, a portion partially lower than the lvalue of the above formula (3) may occur depending on the shape. Such a site is also called a softening region.
- the lower the dislocation density of the crystal grains the higher the GAIQ value. Therefore, the crystal grains whose dislocation density is lowered by the auto-temper and the crystal grains that are not auto-tempered and have the dislocation density are not auto-tempered. It is decided to separate the crystal grains that remain high.
- the dislocation density of martensite crystal grains becomes smaller by performing tempering. For example, even if the surface pressure at the time of hot stamping is low and the crystal grains of the obtained hot stamped product are not auto-tempered, tempering may be performed after that. When the tempering temperature is relatively low (about 200 ° C.), the GAIQ value is less than 35,000, but when the tempering temperature is relatively high (350 ° C.
- the tensile strength TS of the hot stamped product decreases or GAIQ
- GAIQ The value may be between 35,000 and 45,000.
- the conditions in the examples are one condition example adopted for confirming the feasibility and effect of the present invention, and the present invention is described in this one condition example. It is not limited.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated and the object of the present invention is achieved.
- the steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was melted, and the steel pieces obtained by continuous casting were held at 1200 ° C. for 30 minutes and then hot-rolled under the condition of a finishing temperature of 970 ° C. to obtain hot rolling.
- the steel strip was rolled up at 550 ° C. This hot-rolled steel strip was cold-rolled under the condition that the total reduction ratio was 50% to obtain a steel plate for hot stamping having a thickness of 1.6 mm.
- Some hot stamping steel sheets were hot-dip galvanized to obtain hot stamping plated steel sheets.
- Each hot stamping steel sheet and hot stamping plated steel sheet (hereinafter collectively referred to as "hot stamping steel sheet") were subjected to hot stamping under the conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a hot stamped body.
- Some hot stamped bodies were annealed.
- FIG. 2 shows the test No. 1 which is the invention steel.
- a GAIQ map created by ternating the GAIQ values 35000 and 45000 as boundary values for No. 9 is shown.
- the mechanical properties of the hot stamped article were measured and evaluated by the following methods.
- the crack propagation resistance was evaluated by the following method.
- a Charpy test piece having a thickness of 1.2 mm, a length of 55 mm, and a width of 10 mm was collected from the steel plate (hot stamp molded product) after the hot stamping.
- a V notch having a length of 2 mm was machined in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, with the length of the test piece being the rolling direction.
- Three of the prepared test pieces were stacked and fixed with screws, and subjected to an instrumentation impact test. The instrumentation impact test was performed at room temperature, and the time from the start to the end of the test and the impact force were measured. The displacement was calculated from the product of the test speed of the instrumentation impact test and the measured time.
- the average value of the impact force observed in the region where the displacement is 8 mm or more is used as the background. After subtracting the background from the impact forces at all measurement points, an impact force-displacement curve was created.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the impact force-displacement curve.
- the area under the curve with a displacement of 0 mm to 8 mm was calculated, and the obtained value was taken as the total impact energy.
- the impact force (at the time of crack occurrence in FIG. 3) at which the impact force-displacement curve starts to sharply decrease was searched for, and the corresponding displacement (displacement at the time of crack occurrence) was obtained.
- the area under the curve from the displacement of 0 mm to the displacement at the time of crack occurrence was calculated and used as the crack generation energy.
- the value obtained by subtracting the crack generation energy from the total absorbed energy was defined as the crack propagation energy.
- the ratio of crack propagation energy to total impact energy was used as an index of crack propagation resistance.
- the ratio of the crack propagation energy to the total impact energy was 10% or more, it was judged to be excellent in the propagation resistance of the crack, and it was judged to be acceptable ( ⁇ ), and when it was less than 10%, it was judged to be rejected (x).
- the tensile strength is 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa, and the total elongation T.I.
- the EL (%) was 25% or more and the bendability test and the crack propagation resistance passed, it was judged that the strength, ductility, bendability and crack propagation resistance were excellent. If any one of the above four performances is not satisfied, it is judged to be inferior in strength, ductility, bendability and crack propagation resistance.
- Test No. 1 since it was below the lower limit of the C content, martensite became soft and a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more could not be obtained.
- Test No. 5 since the upper limit of the C content was exceeded, the autotempered amount was low, the tensile strength was 980 MPa or more, and the bendability and crack propagation resistance were deteriorated.
- Test No. 6 since it was below the lower limit of the Si content, tempering softening resistance could not be obtained, and a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more could not be obtained. Test No. In No. 1, since it was below the lower limit of the C content, martensite became soft and a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more could not be obtained.
- Test No. In No. 5 since the upper limit of the C content was exceeded, the autotempered amount was low, the tensile strength was 980 MPa or more, and the bendability and crack propagation resistance were deteriorated.
- Test No. In No. 6 since it
- Test No. 15 since the upper limit of the Mn content was exceeded, the crack propagation resistance deteriorated due to microsegregation.
- Test No. 16 since the upper limit of the P content was exceeded, the grain boundary strength decreased due to the grain boundary segregation, and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 17 since the upper limit of the S content was exceeded, a large amount of inclusions were generated and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. In No. 18 since it was below the lower limit of the Al content, blow holes were generated in the steel, and the crack propagation resistance was deteriorated. Test No. In No.
- Test No. 22 since the upper limit of the Nb content was exceeded, ferrite was excessively generated, a sufficient amount of autotemper could not be secured, and the crack propagation resistance was deteriorated.
- Test No. 33 the austenite single-phase formation did not proceed sufficiently because the hot stamp heating temperature was too low, ferrite was excessively generated, and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 34 was below the lower limit of the surface pressure, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance was lowered.
- Test No. In No. 35 the load exceeded the pressing capacity, molding was not possible, and the microstructure and mechanical properties could not be evaluated.
- Test No. In No. 36 since the cooling rate from molding to 250 ° C. was below the lower limit, quenching did not occur and a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more could not be obtained.
- Test No. 37 since the cooling rate from molding to 250 ° C. exceeded the upper limit, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 38 since the cooling rate at 250 to 100 ° C. exceeded the upper limit, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 39 the austenite single-phase formation did not proceed sufficiently because the hot stamp heating temperature was too low, and as a result of excessive formation of ferrite, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. In No. 40 since it was below the lower limit of the surface pressure, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 41 the load exceeded the pressing capacity, molding was not possible, and the microstructure and mechanical properties could not be evaluated.
- Test No. In No. 42 since the cooling rate from molding to 250 ° C. was below the lower limit, quenching did not occur and a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more could not be obtained.
- Test No. 43 since the cooling rate from molding to 250 ° C. exceeded the upper limit, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 44 since the cooling rate at 250 to 100 ° C. exceeded the upper limit, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the crack propagation resistance deteriorated.
- Test No. 45 and 46 satisfy the condition that GAIQ 35,000 or more and less than 45,000 has an area ratio of 30% or more by high-temperature tempering after hot stamping. However, in these examples, the surface pressure was below the lower limit, the amount of autotemper was insufficient, and the carbides became coarse and became the starting point of bending cracks, which promoted crack propagation and deteriorated bendability.
- Test No. No. 47 was below the lower limit of the surface pressure, and although tempering was performed after hot stamping, the amount of autotemper was insufficient and the bendability deteriorated.
- the test No. 1 which is the invention steel.
- the number of auto-tempered martensite crystal grains that is, the region having a low dislocation density is larger than that of the crystal grains not auto-tempered (area ratio 65%).
- TS strength of 590 MPa or more and less than 980 MPa
- elongation at break total elongation
- ⁇ excellent bendability of 90 deg or more
- excellent crack propagation resistance are combined.
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Abstract
Description
(1)化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.06%以上、0.20%未満、
Si:0.010~1.00%、
Mn:0.80~2.00%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.010~0.500%、
N:0.010%以下、
Nb:0.020%を超え、0.10%以下、
Ti:0~0.10%、
V:0~0.10%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Mo:0~1.00%、
B:0~0.0100%、
Ni:0~0.50%、
REM:0~0.0100%、
Mg:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
Co:0~2.0%、
残部:Fe及び不純物であり、
ミクロ組織が、面積率で、
フェライト:5~50%、
マルテンサイト:50~95%であり、
前記マルテンサイト中のGAIQ値が35000以上45000未満である領域の割合が、30面積%以上であり、
ドイツ自動車工業会規格VDA238-100による最大曲げ角度α(deg)が90以上である、
ホットスタンプ成形体。
(2)前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Ti:0.001~0.10%、
V:0.001~0.100%、
Cr:0.010~0.50%、
Mo:0.010~1.000%、
B :0.0001~0.010%、
Ni:0.001~0.50%、
REM:0.001~0.010%、
Mg:0.001~0.010%、
Ca:0.001~0.010%および
Co:0.01~2.0%から選択される一種以上を含む、
上記(1)のホットスタンプ成形体。
(3)引張強さが、590MPa以上980MPa未満である、
上記(1)または(2)のホットスタンプ成形体。
(4)ホットスタンプ成形後に350℃以上に加熱されていない、
上記(1)~(3)のいずれかのホットスタンプ成形体。
(5)表層にめっき層を備える、
上記(1)~(4)のいずれかのホットスタンプ成形体。
まず、本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体を構成する鋼板の化学組成の限定理由について説明する。以下、化学組成についての%は全て質量%を意味する。
Cは、ホットスタンプ成形体において590MPa以上980MPa未満の引張強さを得るために重要な元素である。C含有量が0.06%未満では、マルテンサイトが軟質であり、十分な引張強さを確保することが困難であるため、C含有量は、0.06%以上とする。一方、C含有量が0.20%以上ではオートテンパーが進まないため、マルテンサイトが硬質となり、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下するので、C含有量は、0.20%未満とする。C含有量は、好ましい下限は0.07%、0.08%又は0.09%であり、好ましい上限は0.17%、0.15%、0.13%又は0.11%である。
Siは、焼戻し軟化抵抗を有しており、ホットスタンプ焼入れ時のオートテンパーによる強度低下を抑える作用がある。Si含有量が0.010%未満では上記効果が得られず引張強さが得られない場合や、曲げ性が劣化する場合があるため、Si含有量は0.010%以上とする。1.00%超のSiを含有する場合、Ac3点が上昇し、ホットスタンプ加熱時にオーステナイト単相とならない場合があり、ホットスタンプ成形体のミクロ組織が不均質な組織となるために曲げ性が劣化する。そのため、Si含有量は1.00%以下とする。Si含有量の好ましい下限は、0.02%、0.10%、0.20%又は0.30%であり、好ましい上限は、0.90%、0.80%、0.70%又は0.60%である。
Mnは、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、安定的に590MPa以上の引張強さを確保するために有用な元素である。Mn含有量が0.80%未満では、焼入れ性が不足し、ホットスタンプ成形体において、590MPa以上の引張強さを確保することが困難である。そのため、Mn含有量は0.80%以上とする。一方、Mn含有量を2.00%超とすると、ミクロ偏析が助長され、組織が不均質となるために破壊が生じやすくなり、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下するので、2.00%を上限とする。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.90%、1.00%、1.15%又は1.30%であり、好ましい上限は、1.90%、1.80%又は1.60%である。
Pは、粒界に偏析し、粒界の強度を低下させる元素である。P含有量が0.100%を超えると、粒界の強度が著しく低下して、ホットスタンプ成形体の靱性や曲げ性が低下する。そのため、P含有量は0.100%以下とする。P含有量の上限は、好ましくは0.050%、0.030%、0.020%又は0.015%である。P含有量の下限は特に限定しないが、0.0001%未満に低減すると、脱Pコストが大幅に上昇し、経済的に好ましくない。実操業上、P含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。
Sは、鋼中に介在物を形成する元素である。S含有量が0.010%を超えると、鋼中に曲げ割れ起点となる多量の介在物が生成し、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下する。そのため、S含有量は0.010%以下とする。S含有量の上限は、好ましくは0.0060%、0.0040%又は0.0030%である。S含有量の下限は特に限定しないが、0.00015%未満に低減すると、脱Sコストが大幅に上昇し、経済的に好ましくない。実操業上、S含有量は0.00015%以上としてもよい。
Alは、溶鋼を脱酸して鋼を健全化する(鋼にブローホールなどの欠陥が生じることを抑制する)作用を有する元素である。Al含有量が0.010%未満では、脱酸が十分に行われないため、Al含有量は0.010%以上とする。Al含有量の下限は、好ましくは0.010%、0.020%又は0.030%である。一方、Al含有量が0.500%を超えると、鋼中に曲げ割れ起点となる粗大な酸化物が生成し、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下する。そのため、Al含有量は0.500%以下とする。Al含有量の好ましい上限は、0.400%、0.300%、0.100%又は0.080%である。
Nは、不純物元素であり、鋼中に曲げ割れ起点となる窒化物を形成してホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性を劣化させる元素である。N含有量が0.010%を超えると、鋼中に粗大な窒化物が生成して、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が著しく低下する。そのため、N含有量は0.010%以下とする。N含有量の上限は、好ましくは0.0075%、0.0060%又は0.0050%である。N含有量の下限は特に限定しないが、0.0001%未満に低減すると、脱Nコストが大幅に上昇し、経済的に好ましくない。実操業上、N含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。
Nbは、固溶強化によりホットスタンプ成形体の強度を向上させるとともに炭窒化物を形成することにより旧オーステナイト粒の細粒化に寄与し、曲げ性を向上させる元素である。上記効果を発揮させるために、Nb含有量は0.020%を超えることとする。Nb含有量は、より好ましくは0.025%、0.030%、0.035%又は0.040%である。一方、0.10%を超えてNbを含有させると、鋼中に粗大なNb炭化物が形成しホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下する場合があるため、Nb含有量は0.10%以下とする。Nb含有量は、より好ましくは0.080%、0.070%又は0.060%である。
Tiは、炭窒化物を形成することにより固溶窒素を消費させ、BNの形成を抑制することによって、焼入れ性確保に必要な固溶B量を確保するため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。Ti含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、Ti含有量は0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。Ti含有量は、より好ましくは0.002%以上である。一方、0.10%を超えて含有させると、曲げ割れ起点となる粗大なTiNが生成するため、曲げ性が劣化する。Ti含有量は0.10%以下とするのが好ましい。Ti含有量の上限は、より好ましくは0.08%、0.05%又は0.03%である。
Vは、固溶強化によりホットスタンプ成形体の強度を向上させる元素である。また、Vは炭窒化物を形成することにより旧オーステナイト粒の細粒化に寄与し曲げ性を向上させる元素である。このため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。V含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、V含有量は0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。好ましくは、V含有量は0.005%以上である。0.100%を超えると、オーステナイト結晶粒の微細化が過度に進み、焼入れ性が低下し、フェライトが形成する場合があるため、ホットスタンプ成形体の曲げ性が低下する。そのため、V含有量は0.100%以下とする。V含有量の上限は、好ましくは0.08%、0.05%又は0.02%である。
Crは、焼入れ性を高め、曲げ性を劣化させるフェライトの形成を抑制する元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。Cr含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、0.010%以上含有させるのが好ましい。より好ましい下限は、0.02%である。しかし、Crは、Ms点を低温化させるため、ホットスタンプ成形時の冷却過程においてオートテンパーを抑制させる元素である。Cr含有量は0.50%以下とするのが好ましい。Cr含有量の上限は、より好ましくは0.40%、0.20%、0.10%、0.05%又は0.02%である。
Moは、固溶強化によりホットスタンプ成形体の強度を向上させるとともに、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、曲げ性を劣化させるフェライトの形成を抑制する元素であるので、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。Mo含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、0.010%以上含有させるのが好ましい。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.015%である。一方、1.000%を超えて含有させても上記効果は飽和するばかりか、合金コストの上昇を招くため、Mo含有量は1.000%以下とする。Mo含有量の上限は、より好ましくは0.80%、0.40%0.10%、0.06%又は0.03%である。
Bは、粒界に偏析して鋼の焼入れ性を高める元素であるので、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。B含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、0.0001%以上含有させるのが好ましい。B含有量は、好ましくは0.0005%以上である。一方、Bは0.0100%を超えて含有させると、曲げ割れ起点となる粗大なBNが形成し、曲げ性が劣化する。よって、B含有量は0.0100%以下とする。B含有量の上限は、より好ましくは0.0075%、0.0040%、0.0020%0.0015%、0.0010%又は0.0003%である。
Niは、オーステナイトに固溶し、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、安定的に590MPa以上の強度を確保するのに有用な元素であるため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。Ni含有量の下限は0%である。上記効果を得るためには、Ni含有量を0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。一方、0.50%を超えて含有させても上記効果は飽和するとともに合金コストの上昇を招くため、Ni含有量は0.50%以下とすることが好ましい。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は、0.01%であり、好ましい上限は、0.40%、0.20%、0.10%0.07%又は0.03%である。
REMは、溶鋼を脱酸して鋼を健全化する作用を有する元素であり曲げ性を向上させるため、必要に応じて含有してもよい。REM含有量の下限は0%である。しかし、REM含有量が0.010%を超えて含有させても上記効果は飽和するだけで、コストの上昇を招くため、REM含有量は0.010%以下とすることが好ましい。REM含有量の好ましい下限は、0.0002%であり、より好ましい下限は、0.0005%である。また、REMの好ましい上限は、0.0080%、0.0050%、0.0030%又は0.0020%である。
なお、本実施形態においてREMとは、Sc、Y及びランタノイドからなる合計17元素を指す。本実施形態では、REMの含有量とはこれらの元素の合計含有量を指す。
Mgは、溶鋼を脱酸して鋼を健全化する作用を有する元素であり、曲げ性を向上させるため、必要に応じて含有してもよい。Mg含有量の下限は0%である。しかし、0.010%を超えて含有させても上記効果は飽和するだけでコストの上昇を招くため、Mg含有量は0.010%以下とすることが好ましい。Mg含有量の好ましい下限は、0.0001%であり、より好ましい下限は、0.0005%である。また、Mgの好ましい上限は、0.008%、0.005%又は0.003%である。
Caは、溶鋼を脱酸して鋼を健全化する作用を有する元素であり、曲げ性を向上させるため、必要に応じて含有してもよい。Ca含有量の下限は0%である。しかし、Ca含有量が0.010%を超えて含有させても上記効果は飽和するだけで、コストの上昇を招くため、Ca含有量は0.010%以下とすることが好ましい。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は、0.001%であり、より好ましい下限は、0.005%である。また、Caの好ましい上限は、0.0080%0.0050%、0.0030%又は0.0020%である。
Coは、Ms点を上昇させる作用を有する元素であり、曲げ性を向上させる元素であるので、必要に応じて含有してもよい。Co含有量の下限は0%である。
上記効果を発揮させるために、Co含有量は0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.02%以上である。一方、Co含有量が2.0%を超えると鋼の焼入れ性が低下し、590MPa以上の強度を確保することが困難となるため、Co含有量は2.0%以下が好ましい。Co含有量の上限は、より好ましくは1.5%、0.8%、0.3%又は0.1%である。
次に、本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体のミクロ組織について説明する。
本発明の最大の特徴は、ホットスタンプ成形時の冷却過程において、ミクロ組織をマルテンサイトへ変態させ、その後、比較的転位密度が高いマルテンサイト結晶粒をオートテンパーして、転位密度が比較的低い結晶粒として曲げ性を向上することにある。よって、オートテンパーされたマルテンサイト結晶粒の割合を定量化することが重要である。そこで、本発明者らは、その測定方法について検討し、オートテンパーされたマルテンサイト結晶粒の割合を求める方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、下記の方法を確立した。
(マルテンサイトの特定方法)
ホットスタンプ成形体の端面から十分に離れた位置(典型的には、50mm以上離れた位置)から、板厚断面が観察できるようにサンプルを採取する。この板厚断面を観察面とする。サンプルの観察面を鏡面研磨した後、走査型電子顕微鏡での撮影位置を特定するため、サンプルの板厚t/4位置を中心とした領域(ただし、表面から板厚の1/8深さ~表面から板厚の3/8深さの領域に限る。)について、マイクロビッカース硬度計を用い、圧痕荷重100gfで圧痕を10か所打つ。次に、試料表面をアセチルアセトン系電解液に浸漬し、電解エッチングを行う。これにより、組織中に含まれる鉄系炭化物の形態を鮮明化させるとともに、結晶粒界のコントラストを明瞭にすることができる。
上記撮影写真を得た観察領域と同じ領域について、残留オーステナイトの面積率を測定する。観察面を#600から#1500の炭化珪素ペーパーを使用して再研磨した後、鏡面研磨を行う。次に、室温においてアルカリ性溶液を含まないコロイダルシリカを用いて8分間研磨し、観察面の表層に導入されたひずみを除去する。観察面について、0.1μmの測定間隔で電子後方散乱回折法により測定を行い、結晶方位情報を得る。測定には、サーマル電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(JEOL製JSM-7001F)とEBSD検出器(TSL製DVC5型検出器)とで構成された装置を用いる。この際、装置内の真空度は9.6×10-5Pa以下、加速電圧は15kv、照射電流レベルは13、電子線の照射レベルは62とする。得られた結晶方位情報をEBSD解析装置に付属のソフトウェア「OIM Analysis(登録商標)」に搭載された「Phase Map」機能を用いて、fcc構造である残留オーステナイトの面積率を算出することで、残留オーステナイトの面積率を得る。
事前に圧痕を打った10か所のそれぞれの視野(ただし、視野面積は0.0001mm2以上とする。)について、上記のEBSD解析装置に付属のソフトウェア「OIM Analysis(登録商標)」に搭載された「Grain Average Misorientation」機能を用いて、Grain Average Misorientation Image Qualityマップ(GAIQマップ)を得る。得られたGAIQマップにおいて、GAIQ値の解析対象を、bcc構造を持つ金属組織(フェライト、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト)に限定したうえで、GAIQ値が35000以上45000未満である領域を特定する。つまり、GAIQ値の解析対象には、bcc構造以外の他の組織、例えば、fcc構造を有する残留オーステナイトなどは含まれない。前記のとおり、ベイナイトのGAIQ値は35000以上45000未満であり、フェライトのGAIQ値は45000以上である。このため、次に、上記の2次電子像(撮影倍率:10000倍)で特定されたベイナイトを「Highlight」機能を用いて除去することによって、GAIQ値が35000以上45000未満のマルテンサイトの面積率を導出する。
本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体の引張強さTSは590MPa以上980MPa未満とする。必要に応じて、その下限を610MPa、640MPa、680MPa又は720MPaとしてもよく、その上限を960MPa、920MPa、880MPa又は840MPaとしてもよい。本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体の最大曲げ角度α(deg)は90以上とする。必要に応じて、95以上、98以上、101以上又は105以上としてよい。その上限を特に規定する必要はないが、180以下、150以下、130以下又は120以下としてもよい。本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体の厚さは、特に限定する必要はないが、0.3~6.0mm程度としてもよい。必要に応じて、その下限を0.4mm、0.6mm、0.8mm、1.0mm又は1.2mmとしてもよく、その条件を5.0mm、4.5mm、4.0mmm3.6mm、3.2mm、2.8mmとしてもよい。
次に、本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体の好ましい製造方法について説明する。まず、本実施形態に係るホットスタンプ成形体に適用されるホットスタンプ用鋼板の製造方法について説明する。
上記の化学組成を有するスラブを用意し、例えば、下記の製造方法によりホットスタンプ用鋼板を製造する。
熱間圧延に供するスラブは、常法で製造したスラブであればよく、例えば、連続鋳造スラブ、薄スラブキャスターなどの一般的な方法で製造したスラブであればよい。前述の化学組成を有する鋼材を熱間圧延に供し、熱間圧延工程で1200℃以上に加熱し、該温度で20分以上の均熱処理を行う。加熱温度が1200℃未満となる場合や均熱保持が20分未満となる場合には、Ti等の粗大介在物の再溶解が進まず、破壊起点として残存するため、曲げ性が劣化する場合がある。好ましくは加熱温度1250℃以上、均熱保持時間25分以上である。加熱温度の好ましい上限は1350℃であり、均熱保持時間の好ましい上限は120分である。
次に、Ar3点以上の温度域において仕上げ圧延を行うことが好ましい。Ar3点未満の温度で仕上げ圧延を終了すると、二相域圧延となることから圧延での板形状が劣化する場合がある。このため、仕上げ圧延温度はAr3点以上とするのが好ましく、より好ましくはAr3+30℃以上である。仕上げ圧延温度の好ましい上限は、1050℃である。Ar3点は下記式(1)により表される。(1)式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)を示す。
Ar3点(℃)=850+10×(C+N)×Mn+350×Nb+250×Ti+40×B+10×Cr+100×Mo ・・・式(1)
上記仕上げ圧延した鋼板を750℃以下でコイルに巻き取る。巻取り温度が750℃を超えるとスケールが多量に生成し、次工程の酸洗工程でのスケール除去が困難となることから巻取り温度は750℃以下とする。好ましくは600℃以下である。巻取り温度の好ましい下限は、350℃である。
上記のようにして得られたホットスタンプ用鋼板を用いて、例えば、下記の製造法によりホットスタンプ成形体を製造する。
ホットスタンプ工程においては平均加熱速度150℃/s以下で加熱する。平均加熱速度が150℃/sを超えた場合は炭化物の再溶解が進まずに局所的にオーステナイト中の炭素濃度が不均一となり、オートテンパー量にばらつきを生じることから不均質な組織となり、曲げ性が劣化する場合がある。好ましくは100℃/s以下で加熱する。加熱速度の下限は特に限定しないが、生産性の観点より好ましくは1℃/s以上、より好ましくは2℃/s以上である。加熱温度は、Ac3点以上とし、該温度域で10~300秒保持した後、熱間成形する。加熱温度がAc3点未満の場合、2相域加熱となり、フェライトの析出が生じるため不均質組織となるのに加え炭化物再溶解が進まないために曲げ性が劣化するという問題がある。このため、加熱温度の下限をAc3点以上とする。好ましくはAc3+20℃である。加熱温度の上限は特に限定しないが、温度が高いほど加熱コストが上昇するため、生産コストの観点より加熱温度の上限をAc3点+100℃以下とする。好ましくは、Ac3点+80℃以下である。Ac3点は下記式(2)により表される。(2)式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)を示す。
Ac3点(℃)=910-203×C0.5+66×Si-25×Mn+700×P-11×Cr+109×Al+400×Ti-15.2×Ni+104×V+31.5×Mo ・・・式(2)
成形工程は、650~800℃の温度域で、ホットスタンプ用鋼板に下記式(3)に示される条件を満足する面圧P(MPa)が付与されるように行う。面圧Pは、ホットスタンプ用鋼板に付与される単位面積当たりの加圧力であり、加圧力/ホットスタンプ用鋼板の面積から求められる。
-0.65Ms+400≦P≦200・・・式(3)
ただし、上記式(3)中のMsは、下記式(4)によって求めることができる。
Ms=539-423(%C)-30(%Mn)-12(%Cr)-17(%Ni)-7.5(%Mo)・・・式(4)
ホットスタンプ成形後から250℃までの温度域の冷却速度(平均冷却速度)は、20℃/s以上、500℃/s以下とすることが好ましい。ホットスタンプ成形後から250℃までの冷却速度を20℃/s以上、500℃/s以下に制御することにより、ホットスタンプ成形体のミクロ組織をマルテンサイト(焼戻しマルテンサイト)とすることが可能となる。冷却速度が20℃/s未満の場合、焼きが入らずミクロ組織中にフェライト等の軟質相が形成し、ホットスタンプ成形体の590MPaの引張強さを下回る場合がある。このため、冷却速度を20℃/s以上とするのがよい。好ましくは30℃/s以上である。一方、冷却速度が500℃/s超となる場合、マルテンサイトのオートテンパーが進まず、曲げ性が劣化する場合がある。このため、冷却速度を500℃/s以下とする。好ましくは、300℃/s以下である。
ホットスタンプ成形体の引張強さおよび延性は、ホットスタンプ成形体の任意の位置からJIS Z 2201:2011に記載の5号試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241:2011に記載の試験方法に従って、引張強さTS(MPa)と全伸びT.EL(%)を測定した。
曲げ性は、ドイツ自動車工業会規格VDA238‐100(2017年4月版)に基づいて以下の測定条件で評価を行った。本発明では曲げ試験で得られる最大荷重時の変位をVDA基準で角度に変換し、最大曲げ角度αを求めた。αが90(deg)以上を曲げ試験の合格と判断した。
(測定条件)
試験片寸法:60mm(圧延方向)×60mm(圧延直角方向)
曲げ稜線:曲げ稜線が圧延直角方向になるようにポンチで押し込み
試験方法:ロール支持、ポンチ押し込み
ロール径:φ30mm
ポンチ形状:先端R=0.4mm
ロール間距離:2.0× 板厚(mm)+0.5mm
押し込み速度:20mm/min
試験機:SHIMADZU AUTOGRAPH 20kN
亀裂伝播抵抗は、次の方法で評価した。ホットスタンプ後の鋼板(ホットスタンプ成形体)から、板厚が1.2mm、長さ55mm、幅10mmのシャルピー試験片を採取した。試験片の長手を圧延方向とし、圧延方向と垂直な方向に長さ2mmのVノッチを加工した。作製した試験片を3枚重ねてビスで固定し、計装化衝撃試験に供した。計装化衝撃試験は室温で行い、試験開始から終了までの時間と衝撃力とを測定した。計装化衝撃試験の試験速度と計測した時間との積から変位を算出した。シャルピー試験片の破面の長さが8mmであるため、変位が8mm以上の領域で観測された衝撃力の平均値をバックグラウンドとした。全測定点の衝撃力からバックグラウンドを差し引いた後、衝撃力-変位曲線を作成した。
引張強さが590MPa以上980MPa未満であり、全伸びT.EL(%)が25%以上であり、かつ、曲げ性試験および亀裂伝播抵抗が合格となった場合を、強度、延性、曲げ性および亀裂伝播抵抗に優れると判断した。上記4つの性能のうち、何れか一つでも満足しない場合は、強度、延性、曲げ性および亀裂伝播抵抗に劣ると判断した。
Claims (5)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.06%以上、0.20%未満、
Si:0.010~1.00%、
Mn:0.80~2.00%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.010~0.500%、
N:0.010%以下、
Nb:0.020%を超え、0.10%以下、
Ti:0~0.10%、
V:0~0.10%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Mo:0~1.00%、
B:0~0.0100%、
Ni:0~0.50%、
REM:0~0.0100%、
Mg:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
Co:0~2.0%、
残部:Fe及び不純物であり、
ミクロ組織が、面積率で、
フェライト:5~50%、
マルテンサイト:50~95%であり、
前記マルテンサイト中のGAIQ値が35000以上45000未満である領域の割合が、30面積%以上であり、
ドイツ自動車工業会規格VDA238-100による最大曲げ角度α(deg)が90以上である、
ホットスタンプ成形体。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Ti:0.001~0.10%、
V:0.001~0.100%、
Cr:0.010~0.50%、
Mo:0.010~1.000%、
B :0.0001~0.010%、
Ni:0.001~0.50%、
REM:0.001~0.010%、
Mg:0.001~0.010%、
Ca:0.001~0.010%および
Co:0.01~2.0%から選択される一種以上を含む、
請求項1に記載のホットスタンプ成形体。 - 引張強さが、590MPa以上980MPa未満である、
請求項1または2に記載のホットスタンプ成形体。 - ホットスタンプ成形後に350℃以上に加熱されていない、
請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載のホットスタンプ成形体。 - 表層にめっき層を備える、
請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載のホットスタンプ成形体。
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WO2022059320A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板およびホットスタンプ成形体 |
JPWO2022059321A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | ||
WO2023132349A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板、ホットスタンプ用鋼板の製造方法、及びホットスタンプ成形体 |
WO2023132350A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板、ホットスタンプ用鋼板の製造方法、及びホットスタンプ成形体 |
WO2023132289A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板およびホットスタンプ成形体 |
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- 2021-01-15 KR KR1020227023943A patent/KR20220112293A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2021-01-15 CN CN202410310686.8A patent/CN118308649A/zh active Pending
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JPWO2022059321A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | ||
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JPWO2022059320A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | ||
JP7397380B2 (ja) | 2020-09-17 | 2023-12-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板およびホットスタンプ成形体 |
JP7397381B2 (ja) | 2020-09-17 | 2023-12-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板およびホットスタンプ成形体 |
WO2023132349A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板、ホットスタンプ用鋼板の製造方法、及びホットスタンプ成形体 |
WO2023132350A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板、ホットスタンプ用鋼板の製造方法、及びホットスタンプ成形体 |
WO2023132289A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ用鋼板およびホットスタンプ成形体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4092144A1 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
CN114981461A (zh) | 2022-08-30 |
JPWO2021145442A1 (ja) | 2021-07-22 |
CN118308649A (zh) | 2024-07-09 |
JP7277836B2 (ja) | 2023-05-19 |
KR20220112293A (ko) | 2022-08-10 |
MX2022007980A (es) | 2022-07-05 |
CN114981461B (zh) | 2024-03-01 |
EP4092144A4 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
US20220403492A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
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