WO2021143892A1 - 一种喷射混合消防装置 - Google Patents

一种喷射混合消防装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143892A1
WO2021143892A1 PCT/CN2021/072358 CN2021072358W WO2021143892A1 WO 2021143892 A1 WO2021143892 A1 WO 2021143892A1 CN 2021072358 W CN2021072358 W CN 2021072358W WO 2021143892 A1 WO2021143892 A1 WO 2021143892A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
water
nozzle
spray nozzle
fire
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/072358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨志亮
杨阳
杨昊
马廷玉
姚美芹
姚金水
Original Assignee
山东昊星洁士新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 山东昊星洁士新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 山东昊星洁士新材料科技有限公司
Priority to US17/793,659 priority Critical patent/US20230051740A1/en
Priority to EP21741700.5A priority patent/EP4079380A4/en
Priority to JP2022569289A priority patent/JP7379730B2/ja
Publication of WO2021143892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143892A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1495—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed and with separate outlets for the particulate material and the liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/05—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets
    • A62C31/07—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets for different media
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/28—Accessories for delivery devices, e.g. supports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/002—Apparatus for mixing extinguishants with water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/56—Mixing liquids with solids by introducing solids in liquids, e.g. dispersing or dissolving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/311—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows for mixing more than two components; Devices specially adapted for generating foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0045—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using solid substances, e.g. sand, ashes; using substances forming a crust
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting equipment, in particular to a mixed fire fighting device for spraying powder fire extinguishing agent and liquid and a spray mixing method of powder fire extinguishing agent and water.
  • Super Absorbent Resin is a new type of functional polymer material that contains strong hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl groups and amide groups and has a certain degree of cross-linking, with water swelling and three-dimensional network structure. It is insoluble in water, nor soluble in organic solvents, and has unique properties-strong water absorption and water retention. Compared with traditional water-absorbing materials such as sponge, cotton, cellulose and silica gel, super absorbent resin has a large water absorption capacity, can quickly absorb dozens or even thousands of times its own weight of liquid water, and has strong water retention, even when heated It is not easy to lose water under pressure, and it also has some characteristics of polymer materials. Because of these characteristics, the research and development of super absorbent resin is extremely rapid, and it has been widely used in many fields such as agriculture, forestry and horticulture, medical and health, food industry, petrochemical industry, building materials and so on.
  • Super absorbent resins are developing rapidly, with a wide variety of types and many classification methods. They are mainly classified according to the source of raw materials, hydrophilization methods, types of hydrophilic groups, crosslinking methods and product shapes. The most commonly used classification methods are Classified by source of raw materials, including starch-based super absorbent resin, cellulose-based super absorbent resin, synthetic super absorbent resin, protein-based super absorbent resin, blended and composite super absorbent resin, etc.
  • super absorbent resin can absorb water hundreds or even thousands of times its own mass is that it has two conditions: one is that it has hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide and sulfonic acid groups, so that Water absorption becomes possible. The second is that it has a three-dimensional spatial network structure and is insoluble in water, making water absorption a reality.
  • Super absorbent resin is a three-dimensional network polymer with hydrophilic groups and lightly cross-linked. It can absorb a large amount of water while swelling while keeping water from flowing out. It has the advantages of high water absorption rate, fast water absorption rate and strong water retention performance.
  • the application of super absorbent resin, especially the polymer hydrogel of polyacrylic acid super absorbent resin in the field of fire extinguishing has the following advantages:
  • the side groups of the polymer electrolyte ionize corresponding anionic hydrophilic groups and cations (movable ions) when they meet with water.
  • the backbone of the main chain network are all negatively charged anions, which cannot move. , The repulsive effect during this period generates the impetus for network expansion.
  • cations have certain mobility, they are attracted and bound by the opposite charges of the network skeleton, making them exist in the network, so that the cation concentration inside the network is greater than the cation concentration in the external water, and the ions generate osmotic pressure inside and outside the network.
  • the polyelectrolyte It has a strong hydrophilic group, and water can enter the three-dimensional network in a short time.
  • the superabsorbent resin with a large amount of free water immobilized has a considerable heat capacity, and can consume a large amount of heat when it loses water, forming an effective isolation of the heat source, which is beneficial to the control of the fire.
  • the super absorbent resin forms an elastic gel after absorbing water, and the gel particles are tightly connected, and there is no space for air to enter between them, which can isolate the fire source in the state of hydrogel
  • the contact with air prevents the re-ignition of the dark fire, protects the objects in the fire field that have been covered by the gel, so as to achieve the effect of rapid fire extinguishing.
  • the super absorbent resin forms a gel after absorbing water. It has excellent chemical stability, thermal stability and compatibility, and has a very high viscosity. It has good adhesion ability and can cover after being sprayed on a vertical surface. It does not fall on the surface of the object and forms a sufficient adhesion thickness, which can effectively improve the fire prevention effectiveness of unburned objects in the fire scene.
  • the super absorbent resin polymer powder is safe in storage and transportation, and the storage (closed and water absorption) is stable for more than two years and is non-toxic; in a strong fire, the resin burns into carbon dioxide and becomes carbon dioxide after being heated and loses water. Water is non-toxic to humans and animals; after the fire is extinguished, the residual resin on the fire site will be naturally degraded within a few months, which is non-toxic and pollution-free to humans and the environment, and is environmentally friendly.
  • the super absorbent resin powder has a light specific gravity and strong water absorption capacity. It can absorb more than 300 times its own weight in a very short time.
  • the resin powder content in the entire water-absorbing gel is generally between 0.05 and 0.5% of the water weight. . Generally, it is about 0.1%. Only a small amount of super absorbent resin powder can form a large amount of fire extinguishing gel. The fire extinguishing effect is excellent, and it can continue to absorb water to avoid secondary damage caused by excess water flowing around. Water effect.
  • the super absorbent resin powder is weakly acidic, weakly alkaline or neutral, and does not corrode fire-fighting equipment.
  • Chinese Patent CN107497088A discloses a hydrogel fire extinguishing agent and its implementation method.
  • the use method of the hydrogel fire extinguishing agent is water
  • the gel fire extinguishing agent is dissolved in water, the stirring time is not more than 1 minute, and it is made into a solution with a mass concentration of 3 to 5 ⁇ , which can be used for fire extinguishing;
  • CN107789085A discloses a new type of polymer gel water-based fire extinguishing agent, which is in use At the same time, take a new type of environmentally friendly polymer gel water-based fire extinguishing agent and add it to 600-1000 times the mass of water, and stir it for 3 to 5 minutes to form a polymer gel for fire fighting;
  • CN207101696U discloses a new type of environmentally friendly fire fighting vehicle.
  • CN100444912C discloses the application of a super absorbent resin water-absorbing gel fire extinguishing agent, which mixes synthetic resin sodium polyacrylate with 1000 times the water, Within half an hour, a water-absorbent gel can be formed.
  • the gel can be sprayed into the fire with a water gun. Mix the sodium polyacrylate powder with 1000 times the amount of water, and spray the spray gun to the fire site together. Within 15 seconds to 60 seconds, the gel can be formed. The gel acts as a fire extinguisher.
  • Chinese patent CN207722267U discloses a fire-fighting gun that can adjust the mixing ratio of water and ultra-fine dry powder fire extinguishing agent.
  • the front end of the gun body 8 is provided with a spray nozzle
  • the rear end of the gun body 8 is provided with an independent powder inlet pipe and inlet.
  • Water pipe, the front part of the powder inlet pipe is sleeved inside the front part of the water inlet pipe, a water-passing cavity is left between the front part of the powder inlet pipe and the front part of the water inlet pipe, and the front end of the powder inlet pipe and the front end of the water inlet pipe are both connected with the spray nozzle.
  • Chinese patent CN 105148435 A discloses a multifunctional fire-fighting coaxial nozzle device, see Figure 3, including an outer shaft pipeline inlet port connecting the outer pipeline extinguishing medium, and an inner shaft pipeline conveying the inner pipeline extinguishing medium Import interface, outer shaft pipeline valve, inner shaft pipeline valve, coaxial outer pipeline, coaxial inner pipeline, outer pipeline nozzle, inner pipeline nozzle, inner and outer pipeline connection.
  • Two sets of independent fire extinguishing nozzle devices are cleverly combined into a whole, which can simultaneously spray two fire extinguishing media with the same or different properties or with the same properties and different functions to the fire scene.
  • Chinese Patent CN 109806532 A discloses a composite jet fire extinguishing and spraying device.
  • FIG. 4 which includes a first connecting pipe for conveying foam or water-based fire extinguishing agent. One end is provided with a first discharge port; a second connecting pipe, Used for conveying dry powder driven by nitrogen, one end is provided with a second discharge port, the second discharge port is arranged concentrically with the first discharge port; an outer spray pipe, one end is connected to the first discharge port;
  • the inner nozzle is located inside the outer nozzle and arranged coaxially with the outer nozzle. One end of the inner nozzle penetrates the first connecting pipe and is used for conveying dry powder driven by nitrogen. Between the outer wall of the inner nozzle and the inner wall of the first discharge port is provided a channel for conveying foam or water-based fire extinguishing agent.
  • the above-mentioned fire water monitors or water guns are designed for traditional powder fire extinguishing agents, especially dry powder fire extinguishing agents. Dry powder fire extinguishing agents are usually insoluble and non-absorbent, and other fire extinguishing agents on the market will not absorb water. The resulting volume expansion and viscosity increase, so this type of fire-fighting water monitor has no problem when using dry powder extinguishing agent. All the extinguishing agent powder will be taken away from the fire monitor with the strong wash of the water. However, when super absorbent resin is used as a fire extinguishing agent, serious problems will occur.
  • Super absorbent resin is actually neither soluble nor hydrophobic, but can quickly absorb water molecules into the polymer structure and fix it, and form a Gel with strong adsorption force. Therefore, with the simultaneous spraying of water and powder, the strong water flow cannot take away all the resin powder, which leads to more and more water-absorbent resin adhered to the powder nozzle. After working for a period of time, the powder spray port will be completely blocked, and this problem will become more serious as the performance indicators of the super absorbent resin become better. In the experiment conducted by our company, the peripheral water flow will flow in or sputter or drip into the vicinity of the inner powder nozzle through various methods. Because of the high viscosity and solidification very quickly, the resin after water absorption will gradually be in the nozzle part.
  • the fire extinguishing agent is other types of powders (such as water-soluble powders)
  • water will also flow into the powder nozzle, especially at the beginning and after the end of the fire extinguishing phase.
  • the powder fire extinguishing agent used in fire fighting is usually a substance with excellent solubility. Once it meets water, it will dissolve in a large amount, and its consequences are also very serious.
  • it is easy to produce undesired toxic substances or cause damage to fire fighting equipment.
  • the second is that the dissolution process may be relatively violent, prone to undesirable strong reactions or generate a lot of heat.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fire fighting device, which can realize the rapid mixing of fire extinguishing agent powder, especially super absorbent resin powder and water flow, and can continuously and stably deliver the mixed gel solution or fire extinguishing solution to the designated Location.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a jet mixing fire-fighting device, comprising a water spray nozzle 1 and a powder spray nozzle 2.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 is arranged around the outside of the powder spray nozzle 2, and the powder spray nozzle 4 of the powder spray nozzle 2 is provided Behind the water nozzle 1 and the water nozzle 3.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder sprayed from the powder spray nozzle 2 and the water stream sprayed from the water spray nozzle 1 are mixed in the air outside the fire fighting device.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder is preferably a super absorbent resin powder, especially a sodium polyacrylate resin powder.
  • the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 and the water nozzle 3 of the water nozzle 1 refer to the position where the powder and liquid are sprayed out of the closed pipe and contact the outside air.
  • the distance between the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 and the water nozzle 3 of the water nozzle 1 in the axial direction is greater than 3 cm.
  • the powder spray port 4 is provided with a detachable water retaining jacket 11.
  • a drainage space 12 is provided between the powder spray nozzle 2 and the wall of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • An outer sleeve 10 is provided at the front of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • Water spray nozzle 1 is connected with water spray pipe 5, which can spray high-pressure water flow or water mist.
  • Powder spray nozzle 2 is connected with powder spray pipe 6
  • powder spray pipe 6 is connected with powder storage tank 7
  • powder storage tank 7 is connected with high-pressure air source. 8Connect.
  • the present invention also provides a method for spraying and mixing powder fire extinguishing agent and water.
  • the super absorbent resin fire extinguishing agent powder sprayed from the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 is sprayed from the powder nozzle 2 in the middle and sprayed around it.
  • the water jets sprayed from the nozzle 3 are mixed in the air outside the nozzle 1.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder is sodium polyacrylate resin powder.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder is sprayed from behind the position of the water spout 3.
  • the prior art usually adopts the scheme of connecting the water spray tube to the powder spray tube, so that the powder and water can be better mixed together, and the power of the water flow can be used to transport the powder farther.
  • the premise of this design idea is that the fire extinguishing agent will be washed away by water and will not produce a large amount of gelatinous substance in contact with water.
  • the super absorbent resin powder is used as a fire extinguishing agent, such a structure will give the outer layer of water too much opportunity to enter the inner layer of the powder injection port, forming a very viscous gel and causing blockage.
  • this design of outer water and inner powder does have its own advantages.
  • powdered fire extinguishing agents are usually lighter, the airflow environment of the fire site is complex, and the powder must be blown out by compressed air.
  • the spreading surface is relatively large.
  • all the powder will directly hit the "water wall”.
  • the leakage of powder will be very small, and the mixing will be sufficient.
  • the diameter of the water spray port is actually increased, so that the convergent point of the sprayed hollow water column in the air is farther from the powder spray port, which is beneficial for the resin powder to enter the water column.
  • the resin powder and water flow do not need to be mixed in any closed or semi-closed space, but are directly mixed in the air, which can greatly solve the effect of high viscosity on the spraying of the fire extinguishing agent after water absorption.
  • the strong water stream or water mist sprayed by the water spray pipe can transport the gel formed by the resin to a far place, and when the water stream is sprayed quickly, it can also generate a certain negative pressure inside the water column, which can be sprayed
  • the resin powder floating with the air flow is sucked into the water stream, which makes good use of the low density of the resin powder and small particles. At the same time, the pressure of powder spraying can also be reduced according to actual needs.
  • a water-retaining jacket is arranged outside the powder spraying port, and most of the agitated splashes are blocked by the water-retaining jacket and stick to the outer wall of the water-retaining jacket, so that the powder spraying port on the inner wall is not gel or paste. Blocked, the nozzle is not contaminated, using a very simple component to solve the biggest technical problem.
  • the spray nozzle will accumulate some water-absorbing gel. Once these substances accumulate to a certain extent, they will reduce the area of the powder spray port and the water spray port, and greatly reduce the use efficiency of fire fighting equipment.
  • the front end of the spray nozzle as a detachable water retaining jacket.
  • the diameter of the water retaining jacket is much larger than that of the powder nozzle, and the water retaining jacket is usually in the shape of a clock with a larger opening inside.
  • the space is relatively large, once the accumulation is formed, you can directly use a screwdriver and other tools to take out the accumulation.
  • the deposits are formed, they are very tightly connected to each other to form a whole, and they can be taken out all at once when they are taken out.
  • This method can solve the clogging problem most quickly, because according to the experiment, the clogging of the powder spraying port accounts for more than 90% of all the clogging.
  • the clogging of the spraying port is generally caused by the chain reaction after the powder spraying port is blocked; at the same time, the powder spraying
  • the clogging of the mouth even if the powder nozzle pipe is blocked, it will not block a long-distance pipe, because the strong water absorption and sealing ability of sodium polyacrylate will quickly close the pipe. Therefore, when the water retaining jacket is removed, the deposits in the powder spray nozzle will be taken out as a whole.
  • the pollution caused by the backflow of water from the powder injection port can also be solved by cleaning the water retaining jacket, which is simple and easy.
  • the overlapping structure of the powder spray nozzle and the water spray nozzle is not much different from the existing two-phase jet mixing equipment.
  • the production process is simple, the structure is simple, the appearance is small and beautiful, the space is small, and the installation and maintenance or replacement of parts is convenient and quick. .
  • the original water spray nozzles and spray nozzles can be used.
  • the powder nozzle only needs to extend the water nozzle properly through some baffles and pipe wall structures, which greatly reduces the cost of transformation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiphase jet water cannon in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiphase jet water gun in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiphase jet water cannon in the prior art
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multiphase jet water cannon in the prior art
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the fire fighting device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the end face spout of an embodiment of the fire fighting device of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the position of the spout of an embodiment of the fire fighting device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the position of the spout of an embodiment of the fire fighting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the position of the spout of an embodiment of the fire fighting device of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to the technical field of firefighting equipment. It discloses a jet mixing firefighting device, including a water spray nozzle 1 and a powder spray nozzle 2.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 is arranged around the outside of the powder spray nozzle 2.
  • the powder spraying port 4 of 2 is arranged behind the spraying port 3 of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • fire-fighting devices include several components, such as water pumps, high-pressure pumps, pipes, valves, water inlets, control devices, etc.
  • it only includes two core parts, the powder spraying device and the Water spray device.
  • Our company s previous tests were mainly carried out around the modification of the mixing jet equipment in the existing technology, because the existing technology already has a mixed jet equipment that sprays powder and high-pressure water jets together to extinguish the fire, saving development costs and testing. The cost is very low. However, after a series of tests and replacing several types of super absorbent resin in the middle, the spraying effect could not be achieved.
  • the gradually solid gel seals the surrounding inner wall of the powder nozzle, and finally completely seals the powder nozzle, resulting in a resin as a fire extinguishing agent. Can't squirt. In some cases, such as when the high-pressure water stream is just sprayed or just closed, it often happens that the water stream flows directly to the powder spraying port, forming a gel at the spraying port and directly sealing the powder spraying port.
  • the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 and the water nozzle 3 of the water nozzle 1 refer to the position where the powder and liquid are sprayed out of the closed pipe and contact the outside air.
  • the water nozzle 3 is not necessarily It is the nozzle of the entire device. In this case, both the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder spray nozzle 2 have at least a section of independent pipe at the front, which can prevent the water from directly spraying from the outer tube wall of the powder spray nozzle 2 and cause water spray near the powder spray nozzle 4. Splattered.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder especially the sodium polyacrylate resin powder, due to the low density and small particles, can still be sprayed directly from the middle to the surrounding high-pressure water column at a high rate under the action of the pressurized gas, and due to the sodium polyacrylate resin
  • the powder's excellent water absorption rate can be quickly added to the water stream and fly to the ignition point along with the water stream.
  • the resin powder will not adhere to the pipe wall in a large amount under the strong negative pressure of the high-pressure water column.
  • the position of the powder nozzle 4 is behind the position of the water nozzle 3.
  • the super absorbent resin powder is sprayed into the water stream from behind the spray nozzle 3 of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • This design can effectively lengthen the distance between the powder nozzle 4 and the water nozzle 3, and place the easily clogged powder nozzle in a place where water droplets cannot splash, basically eliminating the problem of clogging of the powder nozzle 4. .
  • This design can be realized mainly because the powder spray itself has a certain pressure, which can ensure that the powder does not cause large-scale dispersion in a short distance.
  • the second is that the density is lighter under the strong negative pressure of the high-pressure water column.
  • the resin powder can be attracted very well.
  • a water retaining jacket 11 can be added to alleviate powder scattering and water contamination. In this way, the advantages of sodium polyacrylate resin powder can be fully utilized and utilized, and the shortcomings of easy plugging of the outlet or backflow can be avoided.
  • the mixing effect of the fire fighting device of the present invention is not necessarily better than that of the existing sleeve-type mixing jet system, but the present invention solves the new problems caused by the use of new fire extinguishing powders.
  • the super absorbent resin powder especially the sodium polyacrylate resin powder, has a very good technical effect when used as a fire extinguishing agent. It gives full play to the characteristics of the sodium polyacrylate resin powder. Even if the mixing effect is not perfect due to the large divergence surface at the beginning, it is not perfect.
  • the sodium polyacrylate powder When the water column reaches the ignition point, the sodium polyacrylate powder will still absorb a large amount of water molecules in the water column, and will continue to absorb water molecules after being attached to the burning object until it absorbs more than 300-500 times the volume, achieving excellent fire extinguishing effects.
  • the super absorbent resin powder sprayed from the powder spray nozzle 2 is mixed with the water stream sprayed from the water spray nozzle 1 in the air outside the fire fighting device.
  • the direction in which the powder spraying port 4 sprays powder and the direction in which the water spray port 3 sprays water should intersect.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 is not inclined inward, since the diameter of the water inlet pipe is smaller than that of the water spray nozzle 1, there is a process of outward high-speed diffusion during the spraying process.
  • the horizontal spray When the high-pressure water jet is refracted by the pipe wall, the direction of the high-pressure water jet will slightly converge toward the central axis of the water spray nozzle 1, so that it can obliquely intersect with the powder jetted straight from the middle, which is beneficial to further mixing of solid and liquid.
  • This situation is more obvious when the outer sleeve 10 is provided.
  • the internal structure of the water spray nozzle 1 has many forms, but the final spray direction of the water stream is inclined with respect to the powder spray direction.
  • the high-pressure water column is also gathered at a certain distance from the nozzle, so that the resin powder sprayed from the powder spray port 4 can be sprayed onto the high-pressure water column from the middle, so as to maximize the use of the water curtain generated by the high-pressure water column to intercept the floating powder.
  • the shape of the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder nozzle 2 may not be unconventional, but this does not affect the water flow and powder spraying in the direction we designed, and we can try to ensure the water nozzle 1 and the powder nozzle 2
  • the shape of the jet channel formed inside is completely symmetrical.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder spray nozzle 2 independently spray water and powder outward, and then collide and mix at a certain distance from the nozzle, which better solves the problem of the powder spray nozzle 4 being sealed by the gel.
  • the super absorbent resin powder is preferably a sodium polyacrylate resin powder. According to our company’s test, not all super absorbent resin powders can achieve the best fire extinguishing effect. The effects of water absorption and mixing and state transition between various super absorbent resin powders are significantly different. The super absorbent resin powder is sprayed to the ignition point, and the fire extinguishing effect is different. The water absorption rate, water absorption multiple, viscosity, density and other indicators of the sodium polyacrylate resin powder are in good agreement with the fire-fighting device and mixing method of the present invention, and can achieve excellent fire-extinguishing effects.
  • fire extinguishing agent powders can also be used, such as those that are soluble in water.
  • the fire-fighting device of the present invention can theoretically use almost all kinds of powder fire extinguishing agents.
  • the present invention is not necessarily superior to the prior art if only the mixing effect is considered. For example, when spraying a hydrophobic dry powder fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use a much higher pressure than spraying sodium polyacrylate powder to ensure the basic mixing effect.
  • the present invention is not only designed to solve the problem of mixing effect.
  • the mixed jet structure adopted by many powder fire extinguishing agents is the mode of inner powder and outer water, which needs to be pre-mixed and sprayed in a special container or pipe for fire trucks. Some powder spray pipes are even inserted directly into the water spray pipe. It is easy to cause residual water to enter the powder pipeline, which will cause pollution and blockage.
  • the design of the present invention although it is still the outer water and the inner powder, the relative positions of the powder spraying port and the water spraying port have been effectively adjusted, and the mixing position of the water flow and the powder has been optimized, which can solve the problem of residual water flowing back into the pipeline.
  • the follow-up cleaning work will be relatively simple, pollution and corrosion will be small, and beneficial technical effects will also be obtained.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder spray nozzle 2 are integrated, and the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder spray nozzle 2 usually refer to the part of the water spray device and the powder spray device near the water nozzle 3 and the powder nozzle 4.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 and the powder spray nozzle 2 are integrated into an independent structure, and only two independent spray pipes need to be cut out.
  • the specific shapes of the water spray tube 3 and the powder spray tube 4 can be more flexible, the open area can also be adjusted as needed, and the sprayed water column shape can also be a hollow water column or other suitable shapes.
  • the structure of the whole system is very simple, the volume is reduced, and the appearance is beautiful. The equipment is not easy to be damaged during training, transportation and fire fighting.
  • the distance between the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 and the water nozzle 3 of the water nozzle 1 in the axial direction is greater than 3 cm.
  • the powder spraying port 4 is provided with a water-retaining jacket 11.
  • a drainage space 12 is provided between the water retaining jacket 11 and the pipe wall of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • a drainage space 12 is provided between the powder spray nozzle 2 and the wall of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • An outer sleeve 10 is provided at the front of the water spray nozzle 1.
  • the distance between the powder nozzle 4 and the water nozzle 3 is not too long, for example, more than 15 cm.
  • some fire extinguishing agents have low powder density and small particles, they have a strong dispersion effect under the action of high-pressure gas.
  • a water-retaining jacket 11 can be set at the powder injection port 4 to remove the powder injection port 4. Part of the area is closed, which is of great significance to avoid water splashing and backflow.
  • a drainage space 12 is provided between the water retaining jacket 11 and the pipe wall of the water spray nozzle 1, or between the powder nozzle 2 and the pipe wall of the water nozzle 1, which can effectively reduce the possibility of water flowing into the vicinity of the powder nozzle 4.
  • the setting mentioned here does not only mean that it is constituted by a specific physical structure. It can also be a certain design of the water channel so that the water column is sprayed in a certain shape or form, such as spraying against the outer pipe wall. A water-proof space 12 is naturally formed between the nozzles, so that the nozzles are far away from each other.
  • this design also takes into account the actual working process of the high-pressure water monitor. The angle of use of the water monitor is generally upward. When the high-pressure water monitor opens the valve, there is a process of opening the valve, and there is no residue in the pipeline. Water, so it will cause the high-pressure water column to not be formed instantaneously at first, but from weak to strong.
  • the amount of water actually flowing into the water spray nozzle 1 is not very large, it is just that a water-absorbing gel is formed to block the powder spray port 4, so as long as the water is properly drained or temporarily stored, the nozzle will not be blocked.
  • a drainage hole is set directly under the water spray nozzle 1.
  • the water spray nozzle 1 is a part of a fire water cannon, a fire hose or a fire water gun and is connected to the water spray pipe 5, and can spray high-pressure water flow or water mist.
  • the fire fighting device of the present invention can actually be modified from most existing mixed jet fire fighting devices.
  • the position nesting relationship is modified to a certain extent, and the fire-fighting device of this patent can be obtained.
  • This is also a major contribution of the present invention. It does not simply abandon a large number of existing fire-fighting devices, but instead selects the best piping configuration in the existing fire-fighting devices based on the characteristics of the powder extinguishing agent.
  • the powder port is changed from roughly set on the same plane as the spray port to a certain distance behind the spray port, so that when the sodium polyacrylate resin powder is used as a fire extinguishing agent, it can exert its maximum efficiency and maximum The cost of the entire system is reduced to a limit.
  • the powder spray nozzle 2 is connected with a powder spray pipe 6, the powder spray pipe 6 is connected with a powder storage tank 7, and the powder storage tank 7 is connected with a high-pressure gas source 8.
  • This is also the configuration of the conventional powder spraying device of the mixed jet equipment.
  • directly connecting with other types of powder supplying devices does not affect the effect of the present invention.
  • the core is also that the fire extinguishing agent sprayed by the powder spraying device can be sprayed to the water column, and at the same time, the water splashed by the spray nozzle 3 does not enter the powder spraying port 4.
  • the present invention also provides a method for spraying and mixing powder fire extinguishing agent and water.
  • the super absorbent resin fire extinguishing agent powder sprayed from the powder nozzle 4 of the powder nozzle 2 is sprayed from the powder nozzle 2 in the middle, and is mixed with
  • the water jets sprayed from the surrounding water jets 3 are mixed in the air outside the water jets 1.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder is sodium polyacrylate resin powder.
  • the fire extinguishing agent powder is sprayed from behind the position of the water spout 3.
  • the present invention is beneficial in that it solves the technical bottleneck of using sodium polyacrylate resin powder as a fire extinguishing agent in the prior art, so that powder fire extinguishing agents such as sodium polyacrylate resin powder can be sprayed into the fire site smoothly and continuously. Block the powder injection port or cause pipeline pollution.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种喷射混合消防装置，包括喷水嘴和喷粉嘴，喷水嘴环绕设置于喷粉嘴的外部，喷粉嘴的喷粉口设置于喷水嘴喷水口的后方。喷粉嘴内喷出的灭火剂粉末与喷水嘴内喷出的水流在消防装置外的空中混合。灭火剂粉末优选是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。本发明解决了现有技术中使用聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末作为灭火剂的技术瓶颈，让聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末可以顺利持续的喷射到火场内，不堵塞喷粉口。

Description

一种喷射混合消防装置 技术领域
本发明涉及消防设备技术领域，具体涉及一种喷射粉末灭火剂和液体的混合消防装置及粉末灭火剂与水的喷射混合方法。
背景技术
目前，水依然是最常用的灭火剂，具有廉价易得，对环境无污染等优点。但是由于水流动性好，喷射到火场后大部分水会流失，造成浪费，而且对于着火面积大、火势发展迅猛、易复燃、扑救难度大的大型火灾，用水扑救往往只能控制火灾蔓延，难以及时有效的将大火扑灭。现在广泛使用的干粉类灭火剂，虽然灭火效果有所提升，但是对某些类型的大火效果不佳，并且残留物对环境污染比较严重。
高吸水性树脂(Super Absorbent Resin，SAR)是一种含有羧基、酰胺基等强亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的的水溶胀型和三维网状结构的新型功能高分子材料。它不溶于水，也不溶于有机溶剂，并具有独特的性能一强吸水性和保水性。与传统的吸水材料如海绵、棉花、纤维素及硅胶相比，高吸水性树脂的吸水量大，能迅速吸收几十倍甚至几千倍自身重量的液态水，且保水性强，即使在受热加压下也不易失水，同时又具有高分子材料的一些特性。由于这些特点，对于高吸水性树脂的研究发展极为迅速，已被广泛应用于农林园艺、医疗卫生、食品工业、石油化工、建筑材料等众多领域。
高吸水性树脂发展很快，种类繁多，其分类方法也多，主要按原料来源、亲水化方法、亲水基团的种类、交联方法和制品形态进行分类，而最常用的分类方法是按原料来源分类，包括淀粉系高吸水性树脂，纤维素类高吸水性树脂，合成系高吸水性树脂，蛋白质系高吸水性树脂，共混与复合系高吸水性树脂等。
高吸水性树脂之所以能吸收自身质量几百倍甚至上千倍的水，因为它具备两个条件：一是它具有亲水性基团如羧基、羟基、酰胺基和磺酸基等，使吸水变成可能。二是它具有三维空间网络结构而不溶于水，使吸水变成现实。高吸水性树脂是具有亲水基团并轻度交联的三维网络聚合物，能吸收大量水分而溶胀又能保持住水分不外流，具有吸水倍率高、吸水速率快和保水性能强等优点。
将高吸水性树脂，特别是聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂的高分子水凝胶应用于灭火领域有如 下优点：
1、在高吸水性树脂中，高分子电解质的侧基遇水后，电离出相应的阴离子亲水基团和阳离子(可动离子)，主链网络骨架上均为带负电的阴离子，不能移动，其间的排斥作用产生网络扩张的动力。阳离子虽具备一定的活动性，但由于受网络骨架相反电荷的吸引、束缚，使其存在于网络中，这样网络内部阳离子浓度大于外部水中阳离子浓度，离子在网络内外产生渗透压，另由于聚电解质本身具有亲水能力很强的基团，水能在很短的时间内大量进入三维网络。在高温条件下，固定有大量自由水的高吸水性树脂有相当大的热容，失水时可消耗大量的热，形成了对热源的有效隔绝，有利于火势的控制。
2、高吸水树脂吸水后形成一种弹性凝胶，并且这种凝胶粒子之间是紧密联结在一起的，之间并没有可供空气进入的空隙，可以在水凝胶状态下隔绝火源与空气的接触，防止暗火复燃，保护已经被凝胶覆盖的火场内物体，从而达到快速灭火的效果。
3、高吸水树脂吸水后形成凝胶，具有优良的化学稳定性、热稳定性和相容性，并且粘度非常高，具有很好的黏附能力，在喷撒到竖直表面上后，能够覆盖在物体表面不下落，形成足够的附着厚度，能够有效提高对火场内未燃烧物体的防火有效性。
4、高吸水树脂系高分子粉未，在贮藏、运输等方面安全，贮存(密闭防吸水)稳定性达二年以上，无毒性；在强火中，受热失水后树脂燃烧变成二氧化碳和水，对人、畜无毒；火扑灭后，火场残留树脂会在数月内自然降解，对人和环境无毒无污染，绿色环保。
5、高吸水树脂粉末比重轻，吸水能力极强，可以在极短的时间吸收自身重量300倍以上的水，在整个吸水凝胶中的树脂粉末含量一般是水重量的0.05～0.5％之间。一般在0.1％左右，只需很少的高吸水树脂粉末就可以形成大量的灭火凝胶，灭火防火效果极佳，并且可以持续吸收水分，避免多余水量四处流淌带来的二次破坏，具有节水作用。
6、高吸水树脂粉末呈弱酸性、弱碱性或中性，不腐蚀消防设备。
现有技术中，存在采用丙烯酸聚合物制备凝胶灭火的技术，比如中国专利CN107497088A中公开了一种水凝胶灭火剂及其实施方法，所述的水凝胶灭火剂的使用方法是将水凝胶灭火剂溶于水中，搅拌时间不大于1分钟，制成质量浓度为3～5‰的溶液，即可用于灭火使用；CN107789085A中公开了一种新型高分子凝胶水系灭火剂，在使用时，取新型环保高分子凝胶水系灭火剂加入600～1000倍质量的水中，搅拌3～5分钟后即可形成高分子凝胶用作灭火；CN207101696U中公开了一种新型环保消防车，首先将物料放进高分子灭火料储箱中， 使灭火料进入消防炮管路中，水从水箱中出来通过消防泵进水口进入消防炮管路中，在旋转混合装置的作用下让水和高分子材料在螺旋管道内充分混合，之后在从消防水炮中发出；CN100444912C中公开了一种高吸水性树脂吸水凝胶灭火剂的应用，将合成系树脂聚丙烯酸钠与1000倍的水混合，在半小时生成吸水凝胶，该凝胶可以用水枪喷向火中，将聚丙烯酸钠细粉与1000倍的水混合，一起从喷枪喷向着火部位，在15秒～60秒时间内，生成凝胶起到灭火作用。
但是，这些高吸水性树脂灭火剂的使用方式，都存在重大缺陷。经本发明人长期试验，高吸水性树脂粉末吸水后迅速膨胀，并且随着吸水量的加大，粘度变的越来越大，直至最终接近凝固状态，搅拌后的树脂十分粘稠并且很容易凝固，很难找到合适的方式将这些接近固态的凝胶状吸水树脂发射出去，准确的说是喷洒出去而不是使用人力或者机器一团一团地扔出去。进一步的，树脂在膨胀过程中，会严重阻塞消防设备的管道，导致喷射不能持续，甚至由于水流不畅和管路封闭而导致设备损坏。所以，上述灭火方式的使用场合受到很大限制。
此外，现有技术消防设备中，对于粉末状灭火剂和水流的混合，通常会采用独立输入管路加上重叠输出管路的方案。比如中国专利CN201591928U中公开了一种管套管式复合射流消防炮，参见图1，采用了各种灭火剂的分别输入，且不同的灭火剂分别通过内外管输送，使得混合液与超细干粉在输送过程中不相互混合，只在喷口处汇合，因此完全保留了其各自的特性，再加上直流压力水或泡沫混合液的附壁作用，使得具有良好疏水性的超细干粉能被带到更远的距离。中国专利CN207722267U中公开了一种可调节水和超细干粉灭火剂混合比的消防枪，参见图2，枪体8前端设置有喷射嘴，枪体8后端设置有独立的进粉管和进水管，进粉管前部套在进水管前部的内部，进粉管前部与进水管前部之间留有通水空腔，进粉管前端和进水管前端均与喷射嘴相连接。
比如中国专利CN 105148435 A中公开一种多功能消防同轴喷嘴装置，参见图3，包括连接输送外管路灭火介质的外轴管路进口接口，连接输送内管路灭火介质的内轴管路进口接口，外轴管路阀门，内轴管路阀门，同轴外管路，同轴内管路，外管路喷嘴，内管路喷嘴、内外管路连接。由两套独立的灭火喷嘴装置巧妙组合为一体，可同时喷射两种相同或不同性质或相同性质不同功能的灭火介质到火场。再比如中国专利CN 109806532 A公开了一种复合射流灭火喷射装置，参见图4，包括第一连接管，用于输送泡沫或水系灭火剂，一端设有第一排料口；第二连接管，用于输送氮气驱动下的干粉，一端设有第二排料口，所述第二排料口与所 述第一排料口同心设置；外喷管，一端连接所述第一排料口；内喷管，位于所述外喷管的内侧，且与所述外喷管同轴设置，所述内喷管的一端穿入所述第一连接管，用于输送氮气驱动下的干粉，所述内喷管的外壁与所述第一排料口的内壁之间设有用于输送泡沫或水系灭火剂的通道。
上述消防水炮或者水枪，都是针对传统的粉末灭火剂，尤其是干粉灭火剂设计的，而干粉灭火剂通常是不溶于水、不吸水的，并且市面上其他的灭火剂也不会出现吸水导致的体积膨胀和粘度增大情况，所以这类消防水炮在使用干粉灭火剂时没有问题，所有的灭火剂粉末都会随着水流的强力冲刷而被带离消防炮。但是在使用高吸水性树脂作为灭火剂时，就会出现严重问题，高吸水性树脂实际上既不溶于水也不疏水，而是能够快速将水分子吸入高分子结构内部并固定，并形成具有强大吸附力的凝胶，因此，随着喷水和喷粉的同时进行，强力水流并不能带走所有的树脂粉末，这就导致粘结在喷粉口附近的吸水树脂会越来越多，在工作一段时间后会将喷粉口完全堵住，并且这种问题会随着高吸水性树脂的各项性能指标更优秀而变得更加严重。在我公司所做的试验中，外围水流会通过各种方式流入或者溅射或者滴落到内层喷粉口附近，由于粘性很大并且凝固的十分迅速，吸水后的树脂会在喷嘴部位逐步堆积，形成类似火山状的树脂堆，逐步压缩喷粉通道，最后完全封闭出粉口。最严重的时候，水流可能直接流至喷粉口，凝固的树脂会在极短时间内直接将喷粉口内部的管道堵塞。
此外，在灭火剂为其他类型粉末(比如可溶于水的粉末)时，也会出现水倒流入喷粉嘴的情况，尤其是在灭火开始阶段和结束后的关水阶段。当然，在消防中选用的粉末灭火剂，通常是溶解性能极佳的物质，一旦遇水就会大量溶解，其产生的后果也非常严重，一是容易产生不期望的有毒物质或者对消防设备产生腐蚀的化学品，二是溶解过程可能会比较剧烈，容易发生不期望的强烈反应或产生大量的热。
有鉴于此，市场上需要这样一种消防装置，能够实现灭火剂粉末尤其是高吸水性树脂粉末和水流的快速混合，并且能将混合后的凝胶溶液持续稳定地输送到指定位置。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种消防装置，能够实现灭火剂粉末尤其是高吸水性树脂粉末和水流的快速混合，并且能将混合后的凝胶溶液或者灭火溶液持续稳定地输送到指定位置。
本发明的技术方案是，提供一种喷射混合消防装置，包括喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2，喷水嘴1环绕设置于喷粉嘴2的外部，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4设置于喷水嘴1喷水口3的后方。
喷粉嘴2内喷出的灭火剂粉末与喷水嘴1内喷出的水流在消防装置外的空中混合。
灭火剂粉末优选是高吸水性树脂粉末，特别是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。
喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4和喷水嘴1喷水口3，指粉末和液体喷出时脱离封闭管道与外界空气相接触的位置。
喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4和喷水嘴1的喷水口3在轴向上的距离大于3厘米。
喷粉口4设置有可拆卸的挡水套11。
喷粉嘴2和喷水嘴1管壁之间设置有排水空间12。
喷水嘴1的前部设置有外套管10。
喷水嘴1与喷水管5相连，可以喷出高压水流或者水雾，喷粉嘴2与喷粉管6连接，喷粉管6与储粉罐7连接，储粉罐7与高压气源8连接。
本发明还提供一种粉末灭火剂与水的喷射混合方法，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4内喷出的高吸水性树脂灭火剂粉末从中间的喷粉嘴2喷出，并与四周喷水口3内喷出的水流在喷水嘴1外部的空气中混合。灭火剂粉末是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。灭火剂粉末从喷水口3的位置的后方喷出。
与现有技术中大量存在的混合射流消防设备相比，本发明的优点体现在：
1、现有技术通常都采用将喷水管套接喷粉管的方案，这样就可以让粉末和水更好地混合在一起，并利用水流的力量将粉末输送的更远。这种设计思路的前提是灭火剂会被水冲走，遇水不会产生大量的凝胶状物质。但是，在使用高吸水性树脂粉末作为灭火剂时，这样的结构就会让外层的水流有太多的机会进入内层的喷粉口，形成粘度非常大的凝胶从而导致堵塞。但是，这种外水内粉的设计方式，确有其自身优点。比如粉末状灭火剂通常较轻，火场气流环境复杂，并且粉末要由压缩空气吹出，散布面比较大，将粉末在水柱中间喷出，所有粉末都会直接撞到“水墙”上，这种方式粉末的泄露会非常少，混合也较充分。为了发挥外水内粉设计的优点，尽量减少其缺点，我公司创造性地提出了将喷粉嘴的位置从与喷水嘴同平面或者实质上同平面，变为喷粉嘴位置靠后的技术方案。这种方案下，形成了水流喷出位置和粉末喷出位置实质上相隔一定距离的构造。经过实验发现，由于水流从密闭的管道中强力喷出，在四周压力降低的情况下，会与喷水口边上的管壁激起大量的水雾或水珠，如果这些水 分子溅射到紧挨在旁边的喷粉口，就会导致喷粉口的堵塞。而采用喷粉口后置的设计，水流直线或者聚拢喷出后溅起的水珠基本没有机会进入喷粉口附近的区域，最大限度的减少了喷粉口沾水的可能性，实际上相当于把喷水口藏在了喷水口的后面。实验证明，这种结构的消防装置可以连续工作数十分钟而不发生堵塞。
2、在喷水嘴和喷粉嘴之间预留出隔水空间，可以使得流向喷粉口的水直接流入隔水空间，从隔水空间再排出或者暂存，避免水直接流向喷粉口，因为实验发现，大部分流向喷粉口的水，是沿着内壁流动的。此外，还可以保证水柱不是紧贴着喷粉管的外壁喷出，相当于在径向方向上把两者也分开了一定的距离B，加上轴向上分开的距离A，可以最大限度的降低喷水口溅射起来的水花对喷粉口的影响。同时，由于隔水空间的存在，事实上加大了喷水口的直径，使得喷出的中空水柱在空中的汇聚点距离喷粉口更远，有利于树脂粉末进入水柱。
3、由于水流从环形管四周强力喷出，所以水柱的形状与从普通水管喷出水柱的形状区别明显，大致呈现一种中空环形水柱，并且这种水柱会在距离喷水口一定距离的位置上聚拢。这样，树脂粉末和水流从原来的在喷口内部或者出口部位混合，变成了在距离喷口一定距离的空中进行混合，极大地减少了水流进入喷粉口附近区域的机会，最大限度的利用了高吸水性树脂，尤其是聚丙烯酸钠树脂的物理性质，让高吸水量和高吸水速率，不再成为使用聚丙烯酸钠作为灭火剂的障碍，而是变成了一种优势。树脂粉末和水流无需在任何封闭或者半封闭的空间内进行混合，而是直接在空中进行混合，可以对大限度解决吸水后产生的高粘性对灭火剂喷洒的影响。喷水管喷出的强力水流或者水雾，可以将树脂形成的凝胶输送到较远的地方，并且水流在快速喷出的时候，在水柱内部也能产生一定的负压，可以将喷出后随气流漂浮的树脂粉末吸入到水流中来，很好地利用了树脂粉末密度低颗粒小的特点。同时粉末喷出的压力也可以根据实际需要降低。
4、本发明在喷粉口外设置了挡水套，激起的水花被绝大部分被挡水套挡住，粘在挡水套外壁上，使得处于内壁的喷粉口不被凝胶或者膏体堵住，喷管不被污染，利用一个非常简单的部件，解决了最大的技术问题。实践中，由于水炮大多是人工操作，水流喷出的方向、水量的大小、喷射的水压都很可能产生很大的波动，所以喷粉口不可避免的会堆积一些吸了水的凝胶状物质，一旦这些物质积累到一定程度，就会减少喷粉口和喷水口的面积，大大降低消防设备的使用效能。对此，我们是把喷水嘴的前端部设计为可拆卸的挡水套，一方面，挡水套的直径比喷粉口大很多，而且通常挡水套呈座钟形状，敞口比较大内部空间比较大，一 旦形成堆积物，可以直接使用螺丝刀等工具将堆积物取出。根据实验，堆积物一旦形成，互相之间联结非常紧密就是一个整体，取出时也可以一次性全部取出。另一方面，一旦使用过程中因为任何原因造成喷粉口堵塞，我们也可以立即更换挡水套，达到迅速重新投入工作的目的。这种方法可以最快速地解决堵塞问题，因为根据实验，喷粉口的堵塞占了所有堵塞的90％以上，喷水口堵塞一般都是由于喷粉口堵塞后引起连锁反应；同时，喷粉口的堵塞，即使把喷粉嘴管道堵塞，也不会堵塞很长距离的管道，因为聚丙烯酸钠强大的吸水能力和密封能力，会很快将管道封闭。所以，挡水套取下时，会将喷粉嘴内的堆积物一并整体取出。此外，在使用其他灭火剂时，由于水流从喷粉口倒流造成的污染，也可以通过清洗挡水套来解决，简便易行。
5、改变了消防领域以前利用高吸水性树脂作为灭火剂的使用方式，从以前的预先混合之后再使用，变成了即喷即用，大大提高了灭火效率，也不需要额外的搅拌设备，相当于没有改变传统的水柱灭火方式，只是在水炮中间加上了一组粉末喷射装置，形成了将粉末喷射在喷出水柱上的新灭火方式，由水柱带着粉末走，水和粉边走边混合吸收，并且在达到着火点的几秒钟内完成充分吸水混合，水流达到着火点时，灭火凝胶也正好形成，完全没有影响以前灭火快速反应的优点。
6、喷粉嘴和喷水嘴重叠的结构，和现有两相射流混合设备并无太大差异，制作工艺简单，结构简单，外形小巧美观，占用空间小，安装及维修或者替换部件方便快捷。对生产厂家来讲，在追求成本平衡的情况下，无需对现有的消防水炮、水枪或者水龙做实质性改动，要想达到本发明的技术效果，可以利用原有的喷水嘴和喷粉嘴，仅需把喷水口通过一些挡板和管壁结构适当向外延伸即可，极大地降低了改造成本。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中多相射流水炮结构示意图；
图2是现有技术中多相射流水枪结构示意图；
图3是现有技术中多相射流水炮结构示意图；
图4是现有技术中多相射流水炮结构示意图；
图5是本发明消防装置一实施例结构示意图；
图6是本发明消防装置一实施例端面喷口位置示意图；
图7是本发明消防装置一实施例喷口位置示意图；
图8是本发明消防装置一实施例喷口位置示意图；
图9是本发明消防装置一实施例喷口位置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，下述实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
参考图5，本发明涉及消防设备技术领域，公开了提供一种喷射混合消防装置，包括喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2，喷水嘴1环绕设置于喷粉嘴2的外部，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4设置于喷水嘴1喷水口3的后方。
通常来讲，消防装置都包含若干个部件，比如水泵、高压泵、管道、阀门、接水口、控制装置等，但是具体到本发明来讲，只包括两个核心的部分，喷粉的装置和喷水的装置。只要这两个装置设置位置得当，就可以完成本发明的发明目的。我公司之前一段时间的试验，主要是围绕现有技术中混合射流设备的改造进行的，因为现有技术中已经存在粉末和高压水柱一起喷出灭火的混合射流设备，省去了开发成本，试验成本很低。但是经过一系列的测试，并且中途更换了若干个品种的高吸水性树脂，都不能达到很好的喷射效果。现有的三相或者两相混合射流消防装备，都是喷水口和喷粉口互相嵌套的，喷水和喷粉同时进行，水和粉末互相包裹着喷出，由于高压水柱压力非常大，水线之间的碰撞比较激烈，溅射起来的水花非常容易进入喷粉口的周围，而高吸水性树脂粉末相比于现有的粉末灭火剂最大的不同就是既不溶于水，也不疏水，而是遇水后急速膨胀并且粘度迅速增大变为凝胶状，逐渐变为固态的凝胶封住喷粉口的周围内壁，最终会彻底封闭喷粉口，造成作为灭火剂的树脂不能喷出。有些情况下，比如高压水流刚喷出或者刚关闭时，经常会出现水流直接流到喷粉口，在喷口处形成凝胶直接将喷粉口封闭的情况。
针对此问题，我们创造性地提出了将喷粉嘴的位置从与喷水嘴同平面或者实质上同平面，变为喷粉嘴位置靠后的技术方案。需要强调的是，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4和喷水嘴1喷水口3，是指粉末和液体喷出时脱离封闭管道与外界空气相接触的位置，喷水口3并不一定就是整个设备的管口。这种情况下，喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2都至少在前部具有一段独立的管道，可以避免水流直接从喷粉嘴2的外管壁喷出，进而造成在喷粉口4附近水花四溅。比如附图4所示 的消防装置，虽然喷粉口是在管口后方，但是很明显可以看出，该装置喷水嘴的头部设置了一根套管，所以其管口和喷水口并不重合，喷水口还是与喷粉口大致在同一平面内，水流喷射出喷水嘴和喷粉嘴管壁组成的封闭空间，就可以认为喷出了喷水口。根据我们的实验结论，在从封闭管道进入开放空间时，压力的改变会使高速喷出的水柱产生最大程度的溅射水花；同时，在结构变化部位产生的碰撞水花也会比较明显。这种方案下，形成了水流喷出位置和粉末喷出位置实质上相隔一定距离的构造。两者喷口虽然重叠从端面看相距比较近，但是在轴向上的距离A得到了有效拉长，喷粉口4距离溅射水花最多的喷水口2有了一段缓冲距离。这种设计下，灭火剂粉末尤其是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末，由于密度低颗粒小，在压力气体的作用下仍然可以较高速率从中间直接喷射到四周的高压水柱上，并且由于聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末优秀的吸水速率，可以迅速加入水流中去，并随着水流一起飞向着火点，树脂粉末在高压水柱强烈的负压牵引下，并不会大量粘附在管壁上。
参考图7-9，喷粉口4的位置，在喷水口3的位置的后方。高吸水性树脂粉末从喷水嘴1的喷水口3的后方喷射入水流当中。这种设计可以有效拉长喷粉口4和喷水口3的距离，并且将容易堵塞的喷粉口放在了水珠不可能溅射到的地方，基本杜绝了喷粉口4堵塞的问题。这种设计之所以能实现，主要是考虑了粉末喷出本身具有一定的压力，可以保证粉末在短距离内不发生大规模飘散，第二是在高压水柱强大负压的作用下，密度较轻的树脂粉末可以被很好的吸引，三是在需要的情况下，可以采用增设挡水套11的方式缓解粉末飘散和沾水。这样，就可以充分利用和发挥聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末的优点，避免容易堵塞出口或者回流的缺点。
如果仅从两种物质混合的角度来讲，本发明的消防装置混合效果不一定优于现有套管式混合射流系统，但是本发明解决了使用新灭火剂粉末带来的新问题，在使用高吸水性树脂粉末尤其是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末作为灭火剂时产生了很好的技术效果，充分发挥了聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末的特性，即使一开始因为发散面大导致混合效果不完美，但是在水柱到达着火点的过程中，聚丙烯酸钠粉末依然会大量吸收水柱中的水分子，在附着到着火物体之后仍然会继续吸收水分子，直到吸收300-500倍体积以上，达到优秀灭火效果。
喷粉嘴2内喷出的高吸水性树脂粉末与喷水嘴1内喷出的水流在消防装置外的空中混合。理论上来讲，喷粉口4喷出粉末的方向与喷水口3喷出水的方向应该相交。本发明的设计下，虽然喷水嘴1并没有向内倾斜，但是由于进水管的直径比喷水嘴1小，在喷出过程中有一个向外高速扩散的过程，这样，在水平喷出时，高压水流喷出的方向受到管壁的折射会稍微向 喷水嘴1的中心轴线汇聚，这样就可以与从中间直线喷出的粉末倾斜相交，有利于固液进一步混合。这种情况在设置有外套管10的情况下更加明显。喷水嘴1的内部构造有很多种形式，但是水流最终喷出的方向，相对于粉末喷出方向是倾斜的。实际上高压水柱也是在距离管口一定距离处聚拢，从而喷粉口4喷出的树脂粉末可以从中间喷到高压水柱上，这样才能最大限度借助高压水柱产生的水幕，将漂浮的粉末拦截到水柱液面上。在某些情形下，喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2的形状可能不是非常规整，但是这并不影响水流和粉末沿着我们设计的方向喷出，可以尽量确保喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2内部形成的喷射通道形状完整对称。喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2各自独立向外喷出水流和粉末，然后在距离管口一定的距离上相碰撞混合，比较好地解决了喷粉口4被凝胶封住的问题。
高吸水性树脂粉末优选是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。经我公司试验，并不是所有的高吸水性树脂粉末都能够达到最优的灭火效果，各种高吸水性树脂粉末之间的吸水混合以及状态转变的效果有明显不同，将吸了水之后的高吸水性树脂粉末喷射到着火点，灭火效果有区别。聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末的吸水速率、吸水倍数、粘度、密度等指标与本发明的消防装置和混合方法非常契合，可以达到优秀的灭火效果。
此外，还可以选用其他类型的灭火剂粉末，比如可溶于水的这类粉末灭火剂，有的文献中提到海藻酸钠，可溶性钙盐等，但按照试验结果来看，溶于水速度快的粉末混合效果相对好一些。实际上，本发明的消防装置，理论上几乎可以采用所有种类的粉末灭火剂，但是，若单论混合效果，本发明不一定优于现有技术。比如喷射疏水型干粉灭火剂时，就需要使用比喷射聚丙烯酸钠粉末大很多的压力，这样才能保证基本的混合效果。但是，本发明其实并不是仅仅为了解决混合效果问题而设计的，何种结构下能够将水流对粉末管道的影响降到最低才是本发明的核心。很多粉末灭火剂使用时采用的混合射流结构都是内粉外水的模式，需要在消防车专用容器或者管道内进行预混合再喷出，有的喷粉管甚至直接在插在喷水管内，容易造成残留水进入粉末管道，进而造成污染和堵塞。采用本发明的设计，虽然还是外水内粉，但是喷粉口和喷水口的相对位置得到了有效调整，水流和粉末的混合位置得到了优化，可以解决残留水倒流入管道的问题，其后续清理工作会相对简单，污染腐蚀小，同样获得了有益的技术效果。
喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2为一体化设置，喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2通常指喷水装置和喷粉装置靠近喷水口3和喷粉口4的部分，参考图6-9，在一体模式下，喷水嘴1和喷粉嘴2集成在一个 独立结构上，只需要切分出两个独立的喷出管道即可。如图7-9所示，喷水管3和喷粉管4的具体形状可以比较灵活，敞口面积也可以根据需要调整，喷出的水柱形状也可以是空心水柱或其他适合形状。整个系统的结构非常简洁，体积缩小，外观漂亮，设备在训练、搬运及灭火使用过程中，不容易出现损坏等情况。
参考图7-9，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4和喷水嘴1的喷水口3在轴向上的距离大于3厘米。喷粉口4设置有挡水套11。挡水套11和喷水嘴1管壁之间设置有排水空间12。喷粉嘴2和喷水嘴1管壁之间设置有排水空间12。喷水嘴1的前部设置有外套管10。
通常情况下，喷粉口4和喷水口3的距离不会太长，比如超过15厘米。但是，由于某些灭火剂粉末密度低颗粒小，在高压气体作用下分散作用较强，当距离A较长时，可以在喷粉口4处设置挡水套11，将喷粉口4外的部分区域封闭，这对避免水溅射和回流意义重大。特别是在挡水套11和喷水嘴1管壁之间，或者喷粉嘴2和喷水嘴1管壁之间设置排水空间12，可以有效降低水流入喷粉口4周围的可能性。当然，这里说的设置，也不仅仅指由具体的实体结构构成，也可以是对水道进行一定的设计，让水柱以一定的形状或者形式喷出，比如贴着外管壁喷出，这时就会在喷嘴之间自然形成一个隔水空间12，让喷口互相远离。此外，这种设计同时考虑了高压水炮的实际工作过程，水炮的使用角度一般都是斜向上方的，在高压水炮刚一打开阀门时，阀门开启有一个过程，并且管道中没有残存水，所以会造成一开始高压水柱并不能瞬间形成，而是要从弱到强，这个过程通常会引发水炮内水流直接流到喷水嘴1下方。此外，高压水炮刚在结束喷射时，需要逐步关闭阀门，阀门关闭的过程中，管道中压力和水量逐渐减少，直到最后喷出的水柱由于压力不足，直接掉落下来，会造成这部分水流直接掉到喷水嘴1管壁内侧。如果水流可以直接顺着管壁流到喷粉口4处，则必然导致喷粉口4堵塞。而我们在此处设计了排水空间12，因为压力不足而掉落的水流，绝大部分都可以顺着管壁流入排水空间12，则基本上可以解决上述问题。因为实际流入喷水嘴1内部的水量不会很大，只是由于会形成吸水凝胶堵塞喷粉口4，所以只要将水合理排出或者暂存，就不会发生堵塞管口的情况。在这里，可以灵活选择进入喷水嘴1内部水流的排出方式，比如直接在喷水嘴1下方设置排水孔。
喷水嘴1属于消防水炮、消防水龙或者消防水枪的一部分并与喷水管5相连，可以喷出高压水流或者水雾。参考图5可以看出，本发明的消防装置实际上可以从绝大多数现有混合射流消防装置改造而来，无论原来是什么样的水炮或者水枪，只要对喷粉管和喷粉嘴的位置 嵌套关系进行一定的改造，就可以得到本专利的消防装置。这也是本发明的一大贡献，并没有简简单单地放弃现有的大量消防装置，而是针对粉末灭火剂的特点，在现有消防装置中选择了最佳的管路配置方式，将喷粉口从大致设置在喷水口同平面上，改变为设置在喷水口后方一定距离处，使得在使用聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末作为灭火剂的情况下，发挥出了其最大的效能，并且最大限度的降低了整套系统的成本。
参考图5，喷粉嘴2与喷粉管6连接，喷粉管6与储粉罐7连接，储粉罐7与高压气源8连接。这也是混合射流设备常规喷粉装置的配置，当然，直接与其他类型的供粉装置连接，也不影响本发明的效果。核心还是喷粉装置喷出的灭火剂可以喷向水柱，同时喷水口3溅起的水花不进入喷粉口4。
此外，本发明还提供一种粉末灭火剂与水的喷射混合方法，喷粉嘴2的喷粉口4内喷出的高吸水性树脂灭火剂粉末从中间的喷粉嘴2喷出，并与四周喷水口3内喷出的水流在喷水嘴1外部的空气中混合。灭火剂粉末是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。灭火剂粉末从喷水口3的位置的后方喷出。
本发明的有益之处在于：解决了现有技术中使用诸如聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末等作为灭火剂的技术瓶颈，让诸如聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉等粉末灭火剂可以顺利持续的喷射到火场内，不堵塞喷粉口或者造成管道污染。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种喷射混合消防装置，包括喷水嘴(1)和喷粉嘴(2)，所述喷水嘴(1)环绕设置于所述喷粉嘴(2)的外部，所述喷粉嘴(2)的喷粉口(4)设置于所述喷水嘴(1)喷水口(3)的后方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷粉嘴(2)内喷出的灭火剂粉末与所述喷水嘴(1)内喷出的水流在所述消防装置外的空中混合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述灭火剂粉末是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷粉嘴(2)的喷粉口(4)和所述喷水嘴(1)喷水口(3)，指粉末和液体喷出时脱离封闭管道与外界空气相接触的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷粉嘴(2)的喷粉口(4)和所述喷水嘴(1)的喷水口(3)在轴向上的距离A大于3厘米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷粉嘴(2)还包括设置在前部的可拆卸的挡水套(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷粉嘴(2)和所述喷水嘴(1)管壁之间设置有排水空间(12)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷水嘴(1)的前部设置有外套管(10)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的消防装置，其特征在于，所述喷水嘴(1)与喷水管(5)相连，可以喷出高压水流或者水雾，所述喷粉嘴(2)与喷粉管(6)连接，所述喷粉管(6)与储粉罐(7)连接，所述储粉罐(7)与高压气源(8)连接。
  10. 一种粉末灭火剂与水的喷射混合方法，其特征在于，喷粉嘴(2)的喷粉口(4)内喷出的高吸水性树脂灭火剂粉末从中间的喷粉嘴(2)喷出，并与四周喷水口(3)内喷出的水流在喷水嘴(1)外部的空气中混合。
  11. 根据权利要求11所述的混合方法，其特征在于，所述灭火剂粉末是聚丙烯酸钠树脂粉末。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的混合方法，其特征在于，所述灭火剂粉末从喷水口(3)的位置的后方喷出。
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