WO2021139150A1 - 多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品 - Google Patents

多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021139150A1
WO2021139150A1 PCT/CN2020/106873 CN2020106873W WO2021139150A1 WO 2021139150 A1 WO2021139150 A1 WO 2021139150A1 CN 2020106873 W CN2020106873 W CN 2020106873W WO 2021139150 A1 WO2021139150 A1 WO 2021139150A1
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tested
fatigue
tangential
axial
value
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PCT/CN2020/106873
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王晓钢
姜潮
冯恩升
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湖南大学
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Priority to US17/790,999 priority Critical patent/US20230022649A1/en
Publication of WO2021139150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139150A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
    • G01N2203/0008—High frequencies from 10 000 Hz
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0021—Torsional
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
    • G01N2203/0212—Theories, calculations
    • G01N2203/0218—Calculations based on experimental data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of fatigue failure, and in particular to a multi-axis fatigue life prediction method, device and program product.
  • the current method for predicting the multi-axial fatigue life of a material is usually to obtain the stress and strain state during the multi-axial fatigue test of the material, and then the stress and strain state during the multi-axial fatigue test of the material are equivalent to the uniaxial fatigue damage Parameters, such as materials with higher brittleness, the stress and strain state in the process of multi-axial fatigue test are equivalent to the axial fatigue damage parameters, materials with higher toughness, the stress in the process of multi-axial fatigue test
  • the strain state is equivalent to the tangential fatigue damage parameter, and then the relationship between the fatigue damage parameter and the fatigue life is established according to the uniaxial fatigue test, and the multiaxial fatigue life of the material is obtained according to the equivalent fatigue damage parameter.
  • uniaxial fatigue damage parameters can only characterize the axial or tangential uniaxial fatigue resistance. For some materials with significantly different axial and tangential fatigue resistance, the uniaxial fatigue damage parameters cannot fully consider the axial and tangential fatigue resistance. The effect of fatigue resistance on materials, therefore, the applicability of the multi-axial fatigue life prediction method based on equivalent uniaxial to different materials is relatively limited.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a multi-axial fatigue life prediction method, device and program product to solve the problem of adopting the current method of predicting the multi-axial fatigue life of materials, because the axial and tangential fatigue resistance cannot be fully considered.
  • the effect of prediction makes it more limited in its applicability to materials with significantly different axial and tangential fatigue resistance.
  • the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a multi-axial fatigue life prediction method, including:
  • the multiaxial fatigue life of the material to be tested is determined according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, the axial fatigue test parameter and the tangential fatigue test parameter; the first ratio value is the value of the multiaxial fatigue test.
  • the ratio of the axial strain amplitude to the tangential strain amplitude, the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and the tangential fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the tangential strain of the material to be tested. Resistance to fatigue.
  • the axial fatigue test parameters include an axial fatigue strength coefficient and an axial fatigue strength index, and the axial fatigue test parameters are obtained in the following manner:
  • the axial fatigue strength coefficient and the axial fatigue strength index of the material to be tested are determined according to the second inherent dissipation energy and the axial fatigue life.
  • the tangential fatigue test parameters include a tangential fatigue strength coefficient and a tangential fatigue strength index, and the tangential fatigue test parameters are obtained in the following manner:
  • the tangential fatigue strength coefficient and the tangential fatigue strength index of the material to be tested are determined according to the third inherent dissipation energy and the tangential fatigue life.
  • the method further includes:
  • the time parameter value is determined according to the first duration and the corresponding relationship.
  • the determining the first inherent dissipation energy according to the time parameter value and the first temperature rise value includes:
  • the first intrinsic dissipation energy is determined according to the first temperature rise value, the second duration of the first cycle, the time parameter value, the density of the material to be tested, and the specific heat capacity of the material to be tested.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a multi-axis fatigue life prediction device, including:
  • the temperature rise value obtaining module is used to obtain the first temperature rise value of the material to be tested in the first week;
  • An intrinsic dissipation energy determining module configured to determine the first intrinsic dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the first cycle according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value;
  • the multi-axis fatigue life determination module is used to determine the multi-axis fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, the axial fatigue test parameter and the tangential fatigue test parameter;
  • a ratio is the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test
  • the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested
  • the tangential fatigue test parameter is To characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • the axial fatigue test parameters include an axial fatigue strength coefficient and an axial fatigue strength index
  • the multi-axis fatigue life determination module is used for:
  • the axial fatigue strength coefficient and the axial fatigue strength index of the material to be tested are determined according to the second inherent dissipation energy and the axial fatigue life.
  • the tangential fatigue test parameters include a tangential fatigue strength coefficient and a tangential fatigue strength index
  • the multiaxial fatigue life determination module is used for:
  • the tangential fatigue strength coefficient and the tangential fatigue strength index of the material to be tested are determined according to the third inherent dissipation energy and the tangential fatigue life.
  • the device further includes:
  • the fatigue test stop module is used to stop the axial fatigue test of the material to be tested after the material to be tested has fatigue failure;
  • the corresponding relationship determination module is used to obtain the first time period from when the material to be tested has fatigue failure until the surface temperature of the material to be tested reaches a preset temperature, and according to the material to be tested within the first time period The surface temperature determines the corresponding relationship between the temperature rise value of the material to be tested and time;
  • the parameter value determining module is configured to determine the time parameter value according to the first duration and the corresponding relationship.
  • the inherent dissipation energy determining module is used to:
  • the first intrinsic dissipation energy is determined according to the first temperature rise value, the second duration of the first cycle, the time parameter value, the density of the material to be tested, and the specific heat capacity of the material to be tested.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes:
  • the processor is configured to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of any one of the methods in the first aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program executed by a programmable device, the computer program has when being executed by the programmable device for executing the first aspect The code part of any of the methods.
  • the first temperature rise value of the material to be tested in the first week can be obtained; the first intrinsic dissipation of the material to be tested in the first week can be determined according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value Energy; and then determine the multi-axial fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, the axial fatigue test parameters and the tangential fatigue test parameters, and the first ratio value is the value of the multi-axial fatigue test
  • the ratio of the axial strain amplitude to the tangential strain amplitude, the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and the tangential fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, Full consideration is given to the tensile-compression fatigue resistance and torsional fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and it has a wider applicability to different materials.
  • the method uses the dissipated energy released in the fatigue process of the material as the fatigue damage parameter, which can be calculated by real-time, non-contact temperature data collected by a temperature acquisition device such as an infrared thermal imager, so it is easy to obtain and is in service.
  • a temperature acquisition device such as an infrared thermal imager
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-axis fatigue life prediction system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for predicting a multi-axis fatigue life according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for determining axial fatigue test parameters according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a method for determining tangential fatigue test parameters according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between inherent dissipation energy and fatigue life under uniaxial tension-compression fatigue and pure torsional fatigue according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a load path according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a comparison diagram showing a multi-axial fatigue life prediction result and an experimental life result according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a device for predicting a multi-axis fatigue life according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing another multi-axis fatigue life prediction device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-axis fatigue life prediction system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the system includes: a controller 101, a fatigue testing machine 102, a temperature sensor 103 and a material to be tested 104.
  • the controller 101 is connected to the fatigue testing machine 102 and the temperature sensor 103 respectively, and the material to be tested 104 is connected to the fatigue testing machine 102 and the temperature sensor 103 respectively.
  • the fatigue testing machine 102 is used to perform a multiaxial fatigue test with the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude as the first ratio value for the material to be tested 104 according to the fixed frequency cycle cycles.
  • a black matte paint can be sprayed on the surface of the material to be tested 104 in advance to increase the heat emissivity of the surface of the material to be tested 104, and the material to be tested 104 can be fixedly installed on the fatigue testing machine 102 through a clamp.
  • the temperature sensor 103 is used to obtain the surface temperature of the material to be tested 104 when the fatigue testing machine 102 is cyclically loaded with strain at an ultra-high loading frequency such as 20 kHz.
  • the temperature sensor may be an infrared thermal imager, which can realize real-time, non-contact, non-destructive, and high-sampling frequency temperature collection of the material to be tested 104. Further, after the infrared thermal imager is set up, the position of the infrared thermal imager is adjusted so that the thermal image of the material to be tested 104 is in the field of view of the infrared thermal imager.
  • the controller 101 is configured to determine the multi-axis fatigue life of the material to be tested 104 according to the first ratio value and the surface temperature of the material to be tested 104 collected by the temperature sensor.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for predicting a multi-axis fatigue life according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:
  • the fatigue testing machine is controlled to perform a multi-axial fatigue test with the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude as the first proportional value on the material to be tested at a fixed frequency. And before starting the multi-axis fatigue test, control the infrared thermal imager to collect the average temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested as the first temperature.
  • the average value of the temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested under each cycle is collected as the second temperature, and then the second temperature is determined according to the difference between the second temperature and the first temperature.
  • the target area is the area where the surface strain of the material to be tested is the largest, and is also the dangerous section of the material to be tested.
  • the two consecutive cycles Any one of the two cycles is regarded as the first cycle, and the first temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested under the first cycle is obtained.
  • S202 Determine the first inherent dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the first week according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value.
  • the corresponding relationship between the first temperature rise value and time is determined, that is, the corresponding functional relationship between the first temperature rise value and time.
  • the first inherent dissipation energy is determined according to the corresponding relationship between the first temperature rise value and time, the time parameter value, the density and specific heat capacity of the material to be tested.
  • ⁇ and C are the density and specific heat capacity of the material to be tested respectively; ⁇ is the temperature rise value; d 1 is the inherent dissipation energy; t is the time; ⁇ eq is the time parameter value, which is a time dimension parameter.
  • the first temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested in the first week is substituted into ⁇ , and the corresponding relationship between the first temperature rise value and time is substituted into , And the value of t is the duration of the first week, and then the first inherent dissipation energy can be calculated according to formula (1).
  • S203 Determine the multiaxial fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, the axial fatigue test parameter, and the tangential fatigue test parameter.
  • the first ratio value is the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test.
  • the axial fatigue test parameters are used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and the tangential fatigue test parameters are used to characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • the axial fatigue test parameter can be obtained by performing an axial fatigue test on the material to be tested.
  • the axial fatigue test is a uniaxial tension-compression fatigue test.
  • the tangential fatigue test parameters can be obtained by performing a tangential fatigue test on the material to be tested.
  • the tangential fatigue test is a pure torsional fatigue test.
  • N f,p is the multiaxial fatigue life
  • N f,A is the axial fatigue life under the same equivalent strain
  • N f ,T is the tangential fatigue life under the same equivalent strain
  • k is the weighting coefficient, which is taken The value range is 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 1.
  • the specific value is determined by the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test.
  • the expression of k is shown in formula (3):
  • ⁇ is the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test, that is, the first ratio, which ranges from 0 to ⁇ , and corresponds to the value range of k from 0 to 1.
  • ⁇ is the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test, that is, the first ratio, which ranges from 0 to ⁇ , and corresponds to the value range of k from 0 to 1.
  • the axial fatigue resistance and tangential fatigue resistance can be characterized by axial fatigue test parameters and tangential fatigue test parameters, respectively. Therefore, substituting the axial fatigue test parameters axial fatigue strength coefficient and axial fatigue strength index, tangential fatigue test parameter tangential fatigue strength coefficient and tangential fatigue strength index into formula (2), the following formula can be obtained:
  • d 1, cycle is the first inherent dissipation energy calculated by formula (1).
  • D A and D T are respectively equivalent to the axial fatigue strength coefficient and the tangential fatigue strength coefficient
  • L A and L T are respectively equivalent to the axial fatigue strength index and the tangential fatigue strength index.
  • D A and L A are axial fatigue test parameters can be used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • D T and L T are tangential fatigue test parameters, which can be used to characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • D A and L A can be obtained by performing an axial fatigue test on the material to be tested.
  • D T and L T can be obtained by performing a tangential fatigue test on the material to be tested.
  • the first temperature rise value of the material to be tested in the first week can be obtained; according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value, the first inherent dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the first week can be determined. ; And then determine the multi-axial fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipated energy, the axial fatigue test parameters and the tangential fatigue test parameters, and the first ratio value is the axis of the multi-axial fatigue test The ratio of the tangential strain amplitude to the tangential strain amplitude.
  • the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested
  • the tangential fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • the tensile-compressive fatigue resistance and torsional fatigue resistance of the material to be tested it has a wider applicability to different materials, and uses the inherent dissipation energy as the fatigue damage parameter. It can be real-time by means of temperature acquisition devices such as infrared thermal imaging cameras. , The non-contact collected temperature data is calculated, so it is easy to obtain, and provides a new idea for online detection and life prediction of equipment in service.
  • the generation of inherent dissipated energy is accompanied by the evolution of fatigue damage of the material to be tested. Energy dissipation can more accurately characterize the fatigue damage state and evolution process. Therefore, using the method of the present disclosure, the accuracy of predicting the multiaxial fatigue life is generally better than the life prediction method based solely on the stress and strain state.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for determining axial fatigue test parameters according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes:
  • S301 Perform an axial fatigue test on the material to be tested until fatigue failure occurs in the material to be tested, and determine the axial fatigue life of the material to be tested.
  • the first strain amplitude of the axial fatigue test is greater than the strain amplitude corresponding to the axial fatigue limit of the material to be tested, so as to ensure that the material to be tested is fatigued in the axial direction.
  • the material to be tested can experience fatigue failure, and the first axial fatigue life of the material to be tested is determined.
  • the infrared thermal imager is controlled to collect the average temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested as the third temperature. And after the axial fatigue test starts, the average value of the temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested under each cycle is collected as the fourth temperature, and then the difference between the fourth temperature and the third temperature is determined in each cycle.
  • the target area is the area where the surface strain of the material to be tested is the largest, and is also the dangerous section of the material to be tested.
  • the second temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested in each cycle is obtained, if the difference between the second temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested in two consecutive cycles is less than the preset threshold, the two consecutive cycles Any one of the two cycle cycles is regarded as the second cycle, and the second increase value of the surface of the material to be tested under this second cycle is obtained.
  • the integral of the inherent dissipation energy in time is 0, so Is 0, and the value of the time parameter value ⁇ eq is Time, Is 0, so the value of the time parameter value ⁇ eq is .
  • S306 Determine the second inherent dissipation energy of the material in the second cycle according to the second temperature rise value and the time parameter value.
  • the total number of cycles is the first axial fatigue of the material to be tested under the first strain amplitude. life.
  • d 1, A is the second inherent dissipation energy
  • D A is the axial fatigue strength coefficient
  • L A is the axial fatigue strength index
  • the material to be tested can be subjected to an axial fatigue test, and after the material to be tested has fatigue failure, the time parameter value is determined, and then the second inherent dissipation energy is determined according to the time parameter value, and then according to the second inherent dissipation
  • the corresponding relationship between the energy dissipation and the axial fatigue life determines the axial fatigue strength coefficient and the axial fatigue strength index of the material to be tested.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a method for determining tangential fatigue test parameters according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes:
  • S401 Perform a tangential fatigue test on the material to be tested until fatigue failure occurs in the material to be tested, and determine the tangential fatigue life of the material to be tested.
  • the first strain amplitude of the tangential fatigue test is greater than the strain amplitude corresponding to the tangential fatigue limit of the material to be tested, so as to ensure the tangential fatigue test.
  • the material to be tested can experience fatigue failure, and the first directional fatigue life of the material to be tested is determined.
  • the infrared thermal imager is controlled to collect the average temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested as the fifth temperature. And after the axial fatigue test starts, the average value of the temperature of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested under each cycle is collected as the sixth temperature, and then the difference between the sixth temperature and the fifth temperature is determined in each cycle.
  • the target area is the area where the surface strain of the material to be tested is the largest, and is also the dangerous section of the material to be tested.
  • the third temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested in each cycle is obtained, if the difference between the third temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested in two consecutive cycles is less than the preset threshold, the two consecutive cycles Any one of the two cycles is regarded as the third cycle, and the third temperature rise value of the surface of the material to be tested under the third cycle is obtained.
  • S403 Determine the third inherent dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the third cycle according to the third temperature rise value and the time parameter value.
  • the third temperature rise value of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested in each cycle it is determined according to the length of each cycle cycle and the third increase value of the target area on the surface of the material to be tested in each cycle cycle.
  • the corresponding relationship between the third temperature rise value and time that is, the corresponding functional relationship between the third temperature rise value and time.
  • the value of the time parameter value ⁇ eq determined in step S304 is After , The third temperature rise value, the corresponding functional relationship between the third temperature rise value and time is substituted into formula (1), and the third inherent dissipation energy in the third cycle can be calculated.
  • the number of cycles of the tangential fatigue test on the material to be tested is the first strain amplitude, The fatigue life of the material to be tested in the first direction.
  • d 1,T third inherent dissipation energy
  • the fitting constant D T is the tangential fatigue strength coefficient
  • the fitting index L T is the tangential fatigue strength index
  • the material to be tested can be tested for tangential fatigue, and the third inherent dissipation energy under the third cycle in the tangential fatigue test process can be determined, and then according to the third inherent dissipation energy and the tangential fatigue life
  • the corresponding relationship determines the tangential fatigue strength coefficient and tangential fatigue strength index of the material to be tested.
  • formula (1) is used to calculate the second intrinsic dissipation energy of all uniaxial tension-compression fatigue tests and the third intrinsic dissipation energy of pure torsional fatigue tests.
  • the weight coefficient Is only related to the ratio ⁇ of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test.
  • the ratio ⁇ between the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude is determined.
  • the first cycle of the first cycle is determined.
  • An inherent dissipated energy d 1, cycle is substituted into formula (10) to evaluate the multi-axis fatigue life under the multi-axis fatigue test conditions.
  • the accuracy of predicting the multi-axis life by formula (10) is verified.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a load path according to an exemplary embodiment. For each load path, select 5 to 6 different loading strain amplitudes for fatigue testing. At the same time, the surface temperature changes of the specimen during the fatigue process are collected, and formula (1) is used to calculate the first inherent dissipation in the first cycle. can.
  • FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram showing a multi-axial fatigue life prediction result and an experimental life result according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the black diagonal line in the figure represents the ideal result that is equal to the multi-axial fatigue life obtained from the test.
  • the dashed line indicates that the multi-axial fatigue life predicted according to formula (10) and the multi-axial fatigue life obtained from the test are within the range of a factor of 2 and the two dashed lines The included range indicates that the multi-axial fatigue life predicted according to formula (10) is 0.5 to 2 times the multi-axial fatigue life obtained in the test.
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a device for predicting a multi-axis fatigue life according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Fig. 8, the device 80 includes:
  • the temperature rise value obtaining module 801 is used to obtain the first temperature rise value of the material to be tested in the first week;
  • the intrinsic dissipation energy determining module 802 is used to determine the first intrinsic dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the first week according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value;
  • the multiaxial fatigue life determination module 803 is used to determine the multiaxial fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, the axial fatigue test parameter and the tangential fatigue test parameter; the first ratio The value is the ratio of the axial strain amplitude and the tangential strain amplitude of the multiaxial fatigue test.
  • the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and the tangential fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the material to be tested. Tangential fatigue resistance of the material.
  • the axial fatigue test parameters include an axial fatigue strength index and an axial fatigue strength coefficient
  • the multi-axis fatigue life determination module 803 is used for:
  • the axial fatigue strength index and the axial fatigue strength coefficient of the material to be tested are determined according to the second inherent dissipation energy and the axial fatigue life.
  • the tangential fatigue test parameters include a tangential fatigue strength index and a tangential fatigue strength coefficient
  • the multiaxial fatigue life determination module 803 is used for:
  • the tangential fatigue strength index and the tangential fatigue strength coefficient of the material to be tested are determined according to the third inherent dissipation energy and the tangential fatigue life.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a multi-axis fatigue life prediction device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 9, the device 80 further includes:
  • the fatigue test stop module 804 is used to stop the axial fatigue test of the material to be tested after fatigue failure of the material to be tested;
  • the corresponding relationship determination module 805 is used to obtain the first time period until the surface temperature of the material reaches a preset temperature when the material to be tested has fatigue failure, and determines the time period according to the surface temperature of the material to be tested within the first time period. The corresponding relationship between the temperature rise value of the material to be tested and the time;
  • the parameter value determining module 806 is configured to determine the time parameter value according to the first duration and the corresponding relationship.
  • the inherent dissipation energy determining module 802 is used to:
  • the first intrinsic dissipation energy is determined according to the first temperature rise value, the second duration of the first week, the time parameter value, the density of the material to be tested and the specific heat capacity of the material to be tested.
  • the first temperature rise value of the material to be tested in the first week can be obtained; the first inherent dissipation energy of the material to be tested in the first week can be determined according to the first temperature rise value and the time parameter value. ; Then determine the multi-axial fatigue life of the material to be tested according to the first ratio value, the first inherent dissipation energy, axial fatigue test parameters and tangential fatigue test parameters, and the first ratio value is the axis of the multi-axial fatigue test The ratio of the axial strain amplitude to the tangential strain amplitude.
  • the axial fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the axial fatigue resistance of the material to be tested, and the tangential fatigue test parameter is used to characterize the tangential fatigue resistance of the material to be tested.
  • the method uses the dissipated energy released in the fatigue process of the material as the fatigue damage parameter, which can be calculated by real-time, non-contact temperature data collected by a temperature acquisition device such as an infrared thermal imager, so it is easy to obtain and is in service.
  • a temperature acquisition device such as an infrared thermal imager
  • Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an electronic device 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the electronic device 1000 includes a processor 1022, the number of which may be one or more, and a memory 1032 for storing a computer program executable by the processor 1022.
  • the computer program stored in the memory 1032 may include one or more modules each corresponding to a set of instructions.
  • the processor 1022 may be configured to execute the computer program to execute the aforementioned multi-axis fatigue life prediction method.
  • the electronic device 1000 may further include a power supply component 1026 and a communication component 1050, the power supply component 1026 may be configured to perform power management of the electronic device 900, and the communication component 050 may be configured to implement communication of the electronic device 1000, for example, wired Or wireless communication.
  • the electronic device 1000 may further include an input/output (I/O) interface 1058.
  • the electronic device 1000 can operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 1032, such as Windows Server TM , Mac OS X TM , Unix TM , Linux TM and so on.
  • a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-mentioned multi-axis fatigue life prediction method.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be the foregoing memory 1032 including program instructions, and the foregoing program instructions may be executed by the processor 1022 of the electronic device 1000 to complete the foregoing multi-axis fatigue life prediction method.
  • a computer program product is further provided.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program that can be executed by a programmable device.
  • the code part of a multi-axis fatigue life prediction method.

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Abstract

一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品，该方法包括：获取待测试材料(104)在第一周次下的第一温升值(S201)；根据第一温升值以及时间参数值确定待测试材料(104)在第一周次下的第一固有耗散能(S202)；根据第一比例值、第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定待测试材料(104)的多轴疲劳寿命(S203)；第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征待测试材料(104)的轴向疲劳抗力，切向疲劳测试参数用于表征待测试材料(104)的切向疲劳抗力，充分考虑了待测试材料(104)的材料拉-压疲劳抗力和扭转疲劳抗力，对不同材料的适用性更广。

Description

多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品 技术领域
本公开涉及疲劳失效技术领域，具体地，涉及一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品。
 背景技术
工程实际中，在汽车、高速列车、汽轮机等领域中的大部分材料与结构实际都承受疲劳载荷，其中绝大多数的材料与结构要么直接承受多轴疲劳载荷，要么在局部缺陷、非连续部位处于多轴应力、应变状态，其最终都表现为多轴疲劳失效。鉴于多轴疲劳更接近材料与结构的真实服役工况，因此对多轴疲劳的研究就至关重要，这其中又以材料的多轴疲劳寿命预测最为核心。
目前对材料多轴疲劳寿命进行预测的方法，通常是获取材料多轴疲劳试验过程中的应力、应变状态，然后将材料多轴疲劳试验过程中的应力、应变状态等效为单轴的疲劳损伤参量，例如脆性较高的材料，将其在多轴疲劳试验过程中的应力、应变状态等效为轴向的疲劳损伤参量，韧性较高的材料，将其在多轴疲劳试验过程中的应力、应变状态等效为切向的疲劳损伤参量，然后再根据单轴疲劳试验建立疲劳损伤参量与疲劳寿命的关系，进而根据等效疲劳损伤参量得到材料多轴疲劳寿命。
但是，单轴的疲劳损伤参量只能表征轴向或切向的单轴疲劳抗力，对一些轴向和切向疲劳抗力明显不同的材料，单轴的疲劳损伤参量不能充分考虑轴向和切向疲劳抗力对材料的影响，因此，基于等效单轴的多轴疲劳寿命预测方法对不同材料的适用性较为局限。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法、装置以及程序产品，以解决采用目前对材料多轴疲劳寿命进行预测的方法，因不能充分考虑轴向和切向疲劳抗力对材料疲劳寿命预测的影响，使其对轴向和切向疲劳抗力明显不同的材料的适用性较为局限问题。
为了实现上述目的，本公开第一方面提供一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法，包括:
获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；
根据所述第一温升值以及时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；
根据第一比例值、所述第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定所述待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命；所述第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，所述轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，所述切向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。
可选地，所述轴向疲劳测试参数包括轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数，所述轴向疲劳测试参数通过以下方式获取：
对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命；
获取所述待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值；
根据所述第二温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第二周次下的第二固有耗散能；
根据所述第二固有耗散能和所述轴向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
可选地，所述切向疲劳测试参数包括切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数，所述切向疲劳测试参数通过以下方式获取：
对所述待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命；
获取所述待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
根据所述第三温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第三周次下的第三固有耗散能；
根据所述第三固有耗散能和所述切向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
在所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
获取所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到所述待测试材料的表面温度达到预设温度的第一时长，并在所述第一时长内根据到所述待测试材料的表面温度确定所述待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
根据所述第一时长以及所述对应关系确定所述时间参数值。
可选地，所述根据所述时间参数值、所述第一温升值确定所述第一固有耗散能包括：
根据所述第一温升值、所述第一周次的第二时长、所述时间参数值、所述待测试材料的密度和所述待测试材料的比热容确定所述第一固有耗散能。
本公开第二方面提供一种多轴疲劳寿命预测装置，包括:
温升值获取模块，用于获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；
固有耗散能确定模块，用于根据所述第一温升值以及时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；
多轴疲劳寿命确定模块，用于根据第一比例值、所述第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定所述待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命；所述第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，所述轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，所述切向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。
可选地，所述轴向疲劳测试参数包括轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数，所述多轴疲劳寿命确定模块用于：
对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命；
获取所述待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值；
根据所述第二温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第二周次下的第二固有耗散能；
根据所述第二固有耗散能和所述轴向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
可选地，所述切向疲劳测试参数包括切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数，所述多轴疲劳寿命确定模块用于：
对所述待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命；
获取所述待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
根据所述第三温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第三周次下的第三固有耗散能；
根据所述第三固有耗散能和所述切向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
可选地，所述装置还包括：
疲劳测试停止模块，用于在所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
对应关系确定模块，用于获取所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到所述待测试材料的表面温度达到预设温度的第一时长，并在所述第一时长内根据到所述待测试材料的表面温度确定所述待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
参数值确定模块，用于根据所述第一时长以及所述对应关系确定所述时间参数值。
可选地，所述固有耗散能确定模块用于：
根据所述第一温升值、所述第一周次的第二时长、所述时间参数值、所述待测试材料的密度和所述待测试材料的比热容确定所述第一固有耗散能。
本公开第三方面提供一种电子设备，所述设备包括：
存储器，其上存储有计算机程序；
处理器，用于执行所述存储器中的所述计算机程序，以实现第一方面中任一项所述方法的步骤。
本公开第四方面提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包含由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序具有当由所述可编程的装置执行时用于执行第一方面中任一项所述方法的代码部分。
通过上述技术方案，能够获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；根据该第一温升值以及时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；再根据第一比例值、该第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命，该第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，该轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，该切向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力，充分考虑了待测试材料的材料拉-压疲劳抗力和扭转疲劳抗力，对不同材料的适用性更广。同时，该方法采用材料疲劳过程中释放的耗散能作为疲劳损伤参量，其可以通过借助红外热像仪等温度采集装置实时、非接触采集的温度数据计算得到，因此易于获取，且为服役中的装备进行在线检测、寿命预测提供了新思路。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测系统的结构示意图；
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法的流程图；
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种轴向疲劳测试参数确定方法的流程图；
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种切向疲劳测试参数确定方法的流程图；
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种单轴拉压疲劳以及纯扭转疲劳下的固有耗散能与疲劳寿命的关系示意图；
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种载荷路径示意图；
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测结果与实验寿命结果对比图；
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测装置的框图；
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种多轴疲劳寿命预测装置的框图；
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电子设备的框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，如图1所示，该系统包括：控制器101、疲劳试验机102、温度传感器103以及待测试材料104。控制器101分别与疲劳试验机102和温度传感器103连接，待测试材料104分别与疲劳试验机102和温度传感器103连接。
在本实施例中，疲劳试验机102用于对待测试材料104按照固定频率循环周次进行轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值为第一比例值的多轴疲劳测试。示例性地，可以预先在待测试材料104表面喷涂黑色哑光漆以提高待测试材料104表面的热辐射率，并通过夹具将待测试材料104固定安装到疲劳试验机102上。
温度传感器103用于在疲劳试验机102按照超高加载频率例如20kHz的频率循环加载应变的过程中获取待测试材料104的表面温度。可选地，温度传感器可以为红外热像仪，红外热像仪可以实现对待测试材料104实时、非接触、无损、高采样频率的温度采集。进一步地，架设红外热像仪后，调整红外热像仪位置，使待测试材料104的热成像在红外热像仪视野中。
控制器101用于根据该第一比例值和温度传感器采集的待测试材料104的表面温度，确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命。
下面结合具体的实施例，对本发明提供的多轴疲劳寿命测试系统如何测试多轴疲劳寿命进行说明。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法的流程图。如图2所示，该方法包括：
S201、获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值。
在本实施例中，控制疲劳试验机对待测试材料按照固定频率进行轴向应变幅和切向应变幅比值为第一比例值的多轴疲劳测试。并在开始多轴疲劳测试之前，控制红外热像仪采集待测试材料表面目标区域的温度的平均值，作为第一温度。
进一步地，在多轴疲劳测试开始后，采集每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域温度的平均值，作为第二温度，再根据第二温度和第一温度的差值确定在每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域的第一温升值。示例性地，该目标区域为该待测试材料表面应变最大的区域，也是该待测试材料的危险截面。
进一步地，得到每个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第一温升值后，若连续两个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第一温升值的差值小于预设阈值，将该连续两个循环周次中的任意一个循环周次作为第一周次，并获取在该第一周次下，待测试材料表面的第一温升值。
S202、根据该第一温升值以及时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第一周次下的第一固有耗散能。
进一步地，确定在每个循环周次下待测试材料表面目标区域的第一温升值后，根据每个循环周次的时长和每个循环周次下待测试材料表面目标区域的第一温升值确定第一温升值和时间之间的对应关系，即第一温升值与时间之间的对应的函数关系。
再根据第一温升值和时间之间的对应关系、时间参数值、待测试材料的密度以及比热容确定第一固有耗散能。
示例性地，固有耗散能的计算公式如公式（1）所示：
Figure dest_path_image002
（1）
其中，ρ和C分別为待测试材料密度与比热容；θ为温升值； d 1为固有耗散能；t为时间； τ eq 为时间参数值，是一种时间量纲的参数。示例性地，将第一周次下待测试材料表面的第一温升值代入θ，将第一温升值和时间之间的对应关系代入
Figure dest_path_image004
，且t的取值为第一周次的时长，再根据公式（1）即可计算得到第一固有耗散能。
S203、根据第一比例值、该第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命。
在本实施例中，第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值。轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，切向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。其中，该轴向疲劳测试参数可以通过对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试获取。示例性地，该轴向疲劳测试为单轴拉压疲劳测试。该切向疲劳测试参数可以通过对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试获取。示例性地，该切向疲劳测试为纯扭转疲劳测试。
示例性地，多轴疲劳寿命的计算公式如公式（2）所示：
Figure dest_path_image006
（2）
其中， N f,p 为多轴疲劳寿命； N f,A 为同等等效应变下轴向疲劳寿命； N f ,T为同等等效应变下的切向疲劳寿命； k作为权重系数，其取值范围为0 ≤ k ≤ 1，具体数值由多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值来确定， k的表达式如公式（3）所示：
Figure dest_path_image008
（3）
其中， λ为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，即第一比值，其取值范围为0 ~ ∞，对应于 k的取值范围从0到1。特别地，当 λ =
Figure dest_path_image010
时 k = 0.5，其表示该多轴疲劳工况下的多轴疲劳寿命，由同等等效应变下的单轴拉-压疲劳寿命 N f, A与纯扭转疲劳寿命 N f ,T的平均叠加。
而轴向疲劳抗力和切向疲劳抗力可分别用轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数来表征。因此将轴向疲劳测试参数轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数、切向疲劳测试参数切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数代入公式（2），即可得到如下公式：
Figure dest_path_image012
（4）
其中， d 1, cycle为通过公式（1）计算出的第一固有耗散能。 D A和 D T分别相当于轴向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度系数， L A和 L T分别相当于轴向疲劳强度指数和切向疲劳强度指数。进一步地， D A和 L A均为轴向疲劳测试参数，可用于表征待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力。 D T和 L T均为切向疲劳测试参数，可用于表征待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。 D A和 L A可通过对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试获取。 D T和 L T可通过对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试获取。
通过上述方案，能够获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；根据该第一温升值以及时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；再根据第一比例值、该第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命，该第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，该轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，该切向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力，充分考虑了待测试材料的材料拉-压疲劳抗力和扭转疲劳抗力，对不同材料的适用性更广，并且将固有耗散能作为疲劳损伤参量，其可以通过借助红外热像仪等温度采集装置实时、非接触采集的温度数据计算得到，因此易于获取，且为服役中的装备进行在线检测、寿命预测提供了新思路，并且固有耗散能的产生伴随待测试材料的疲劳损伤演化过程，固有耗散能可以更加准确的表征疲劳损伤状态以及演化过程，因此采用本公开的方法，预测多轴疲劳寿命的精度普遍要优于单纯基于应力、应变状态的寿命预测方法。
下面结合具体的实施例，对如何获取轴向疲劳测试参数进行说明。图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种轴向疲劳测试参数确定方法的流程图。如图3所示，该方法包括：
S301、对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至该待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命。
在本实施例中，对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试时，该轴向疲劳测试的第一应变幅大于该待测试材料的轴向疲劳极限对应的应变幅，以确保该待轴向疲劳测试时，该待测试材料能够发生疲劳失效，并确定该待测试材料的第一轴向疲劳寿命。
S302、获取该待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值。
示例性地，在开始对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试之前，控制红外热像仪采集待测试材料表面目标区域的温度的平均值，作为第三温度。并在轴向疲劳测试开始后，采集每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域的温度的平均值，作为第四温度，再根据第四温度和第三温度的差值确定在每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域的第二温升值。示例性地，该目标区域为该待测试材料表面应变最大的区域，也是该待测试材料的危险截面。
进一步地，得到每个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第二温升值后，若连续两个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第二温升值的差值小于预设阈值，将该连续两个循环周次中的任意一个循环周次作为第二周次，并获取在该第二周次下，待测试材料表面的第二升值。
S303、在该待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
S304、获取该待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到该待测试材料的表面温度下降到预设温度的第一时长，并在该第一时长内根据到该待测试材料的表面温度确定该待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
S305、根据该第一时长以及该对应关系确定该时间参数值。
示例性地，停止对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试后，待测试材料内部不再发生塑性应变，此时待测试材料的固有耗散能为0，待测试材料表面的温度下降完全由待测试材料与外界环境的热交换造成，因此在疲劳试验停止后，根据公式（1）得到的固有耗散能在时间上的积分为0，积分的运算公式如下：
Figure dest_path_image014
（5）
其中，
Figure dest_path_image016
为固有耗散能在第一时长内二次的积分，
Figure 647778dest_path_image016
是关于t的函数。并且由待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系可以得到
Figure dest_path_image018
和θ。再将
Figure 96077dest_path_image018
、带入到公式（1），并对公式（1）对时间进行二次积分即可得到
Figure 141393dest_path_image016
。
在公式（5）中，
Figure dest_path_image019
为该待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到该待测试材料的表面温度下降到预设温度的第一时长，该预设温度为第三温度。
进一步地，由于疲劳试验停止后，固有耗散能在时间上的积分为0，因此
Figure dest_path_image021
为0，而时间参数值 τ eq 的取值为
Figure dest_path_image023
时，
Figure 333340dest_path_image021
为0，因此时间参数值 τ eq 的取值为
Figure 413291dest_path_image023
。
S306、根据该第二温升值和该时间参数值确定该材料在该第二周次下的第二固有耗散能。
进一步地，确定时间参数值 τ eq 的取值为
Figure 501333dest_path_image023
后，再将第二温升值、
Figure 33946dest_path_image023
、
Figure 764004dest_path_image018
以及第二周次的时长代入公式（1）中即可得到第二周次下的第二固有耗散能。
S307、根据该第二固有耗散能和该轴向疲劳寿命确定该待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
进一步地，根据从对待测试材料开始进行轴向疲劳测试时直至待测试材料发生疲劳失效时，循环周次总共的次数即为在该第一应变幅下，该待测试材料的第一轴向疲劳寿命。
示例性地，根据预设增量幅值增加第一应变幅的幅值，得到第二应变幅值，再根据该第二应变幅值对该待测试材料开始进行轴向疲劳测试，直至发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的第二轴向疲劳寿命，并且按照同样的方式，计算在第二应变幅值下的第二固有耗散能。
依次类推，直至按照第五应变幅值对该待测试材料开始进行轴向疲劳测试，直至发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的第五轴向疲劳寿命，并且计算在第五应变幅值下的第二固有耗散能。再将第一至第五应变幅值下的第二固有耗散能与第一至第五轴向疲劳寿命在预设坐标系中进行拟合，得到的曲线如公式(6)所示：
Figure dest_path_image025
（6）
其中， d 1,A为第二固有耗散能，拟合常数 D A即为轴向疲劳强度系数，拟合指数 L A即为轴向疲劳强度指数。
通过上述方案，能够对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，并在待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，确定时间参数值，再根据时间参数值确定第二固有耗散能，进而根据第二固有耗散能与轴向疲劳寿命的对应关系确定待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
下面结合具体的实施例，对如何获取切向疲劳测试参数进行说明。图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种切向疲劳测试参数确定方法的流程图。如图4所示，该方法包括：
S401、对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至该待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命。
在本实施例中，对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试时，该切向疲劳测试的第一应变幅大于该待测试材料的切向疲劳极限对应的应变幅，以确保该待切向疲劳测试时，该待测试材料能够发生疲劳失效，并确定该待测试材料的第一切向疲劳寿命。
S402、获取该待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
示例性地，在开始对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试之前，控制红外热像仪采集待测试材料表面目标区域的温度的平均值，作为第五温度。并在轴向疲劳测试开始后，采集每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域的温度的平均值，作为第六温度，再根据第六温度和第五温度的差值确定在每个循环周次下，待测试材料表面目标区域的第三温升值。示例性地，该目标区域为该待测试材料表面应变最大的区域，也是该待测试材料的危险截面。
进一步地，得到每个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第三温升值后，若连续两个循环周次下待测试材料表面的第三温升值的差值小于预设阈值，将该连续两个循环周次中的任意一个循环周次作为第三周次，并获取在该第三周次下，待测试材料表面的第三温升值。
S403、根据该第三温升值和该时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第三周次下的第三固有耗散能。
进一步地，确定在每个循环周次下待测试材料表面目标区域的第三温升值后，根据每个循环周次的时长和每个循环周次下待测试材料表面目标区域的第三升值确定第三温升值和时间之间的对应关系，即第三温升值与时间之间的对应的函数关系。
示例性地，根据S304步骤中确定时间参数值 τ eq 的取值为
Figure 964041dest_path_image023
后，将
Figure 222984dest_path_image023
、第三温升值、第三温升值与时间之间的对应的函数关系代入公式(1)中，即可计算得到该第三周次下的第三固有耗散能。
S404、根据该第三固有耗散能和该切向疲劳寿命确定该待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
进一步地，根据从对待测试材料开始进行切向疲劳测试时直至待测试材料发生疲劳失效时，对该待测试材料开始进行切向疲劳测试循环周次的次数即为在该第一应变幅下，该待测试材料的第一切向疲劳寿命。
示例性地，根据预设增量幅值增加第一应变幅的幅值，得到第二应变幅值，再根据该第二应变幅值对该待测试材料开始进行切向疲劳测试，直至发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的第二切向疲劳寿命，并且按照同样的方式，计算在第二应变幅值下的第三固有耗散能。
依次类推，直至按照第五应变幅值对该待测试材料开始进行切向疲劳测试，直至发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的第五切向疲劳寿命，并且计算在第五应变幅值下的第三固有耗散能。再将第一至第五应变幅值下的第三固有耗散能与第一至第五切向疲劳寿命在预设坐标系中进行拟合，得到的曲线如公式(7)所示：
Figure dest_path_image027
（7）
其中， d 1,T第三固有耗散能，拟合常数 D T即为切向疲劳强度系数，拟合指数 L T即为切向疲劳强度指数。
通过上述方案，能够对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，并确定切向疲劳测试过程中第三周次下的第三固有耗散能，进而根据第三固有耗散能与切向疲劳寿命的对应关系确定待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
为了更具体说明本发明方法的具体实施方式，下面以该待测试材料一组316L不锈钢为例，对本发明如何预测多轴疲劳寿命进行说明。
首先对该316L不锈钢试样表面喷涂黑色哑光漆，提高该试样表面的热辐射率，以确保红外热像仪温度采集的准确性。架设红外热像仪，调整红外热像仪的位置，使该试样平行段正好呈像于红外热像仪视野中。进一步地，对红外热像仪进行非均匀矫正，并设置红外热像仪温度采集范围以及采样频率。
其次选择合适的加载应变幅值，进行一组包含5个不同应变幅值的单轴拉压疲劳测试，以及一组包含5个不同应变幅值的纯扭转疲劳测试。在每个疲劳测试过程中，先开启热像仪采集温度接着再开始疲劳测试，对试样在疲劳测试过程中的温度场数据进行实时采集。当试样发生疲劳失效后，疲劳试验结束，等试样温度冷却到室温附近时，停止热像仪的温度采集。
根据疲劳试验中采集的温度场数据，采用公式（1）计算所有单轴拉压疲劳测试的第二固有耗散能以及纯扭转疲劳测试的第三固有耗散能。
将多个第二固有耗散能与轴向疲劳寿命一一对应，并将多个第三固有耗散能与切向疲劳寿命一一对应，按照公式（6）和公式（7）的形式，分别建立单轴拉压疲劳以及纯扭转疲劳下的固有耗散能与疲劳寿命方程：
Figure dest_path_image029
                 (8)
Figure dest_path_image031
                    (9)
即拟合常数 D A = 2.34×10 8、 D T = 1.50×10 8，拟合指数 L A = -0.53、 L T = -0.42，其拟合关系如图5所示，图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种单轴拉压疲劳以及纯扭转疲劳下的固有耗散能与疲劳寿命的关系示意图。将 D A、 D T、 L A和 L T代入到公式（4）中，可以得到该材料的基于耗散能的多轴疲劳寿命计算公式：
Figure dest_path_image033
 (10)
其中权重系数
Figure dest_path_image035
，只与多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值 λ相关。对待测试材料进行多轴疲劳寿命预测时，其轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值 λ是确定的，只要再确定对该待测试材料进行多轴疲劳测试时，第一周次下的第一固有耗散能 d 1, cycle ，代入到公式（10）中，即可评估出该多轴疲劳测试条件下的多轴疲劳寿命。接下来对通过公式（10）预测多轴寿命的准确性进行验证。
在本实施例中，对该待测材料进行疲劳测试验证公式（10）的准确性时，除了单轴拉压载荷路径以及纯扭转载荷路径以外，另选取了三种多轴载荷路径，分别为比例载荷路径、45°非比例载荷路径以及90°非比例载荷路径，所有5种载荷路径如图6所示。图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种载荷路径示意图。对每种载荷路径分别选取5~6个不同的加载应变幅进行疲劳测试，同时采集疲劳过程中的试样表面温度变化，采用公式（1）来计算第一周次下的第一固有耗散能。
采用本发明的方法对5种载荷路径下的多轴疲劳寿命的预测结果，与试验寿命对比关系如图7所示。图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测结果与实验寿命结果对比图。图中黑色对角直线代表根据与试验得到多轴疲劳寿命相等的理想结果，虚线表示根据公式（10）预测出的多轴疲劳寿命与试验得到多轴疲劳寿命在2倍因子范围，两条虚线包含的范围表示根据公式（10）预测出的多轴疲劳寿命为试验得到的多轴疲劳寿命的0.5倍~2倍。图7的数据点表示公式（10）预测出的不同载荷路径下的多轴疲劳寿命。当数据点落到虚线范围内则表示根据公式（10）预测出的疲劳寿命的结果较为理想。由图7可知，所有的数据点都落在2倍因子范围以内，绝大多数数据点都非常靠近直线，甚至落在直线上，因此通过本发明的方法预测多轴疲劳寿命结果的精度非常高。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测装置的框图。如图8所示，该装置80包括：
温升值获取模块801，用于获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；
固有耗散能确定模块802，用于根据该第一温升值以及时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；
多轴疲劳寿命确定模块803，用于根据第一比例值、该第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命；该第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，该轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，该切向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。
可选地，该轴向疲劳测试参数包括轴向疲劳强度指数和轴向疲劳强度系数，该多轴疲劳寿命确定模块803用于：
对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至该待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命；
获取该待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值；
根据该第二温升值和该时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第二周次下的第二固有耗散能；
根据该第二固有耗散能和该轴向疲劳寿命确定该待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度指数和轴向疲劳强度系数。
可选地，该切向疲劳测试参数包括切向疲劳强度指数和切向疲劳强度系数，该多轴疲劳寿命确定模块803用于：
对该待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至该待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定该待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命；
获取该待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
根据该第三温升值和该时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第三周次下的第三固有耗散能；
根据该第三固有耗散能和该切向疲劳寿命确定该待测试材料的切向疲劳强度指数和切向疲劳强度系数。
可选地，图9是根据图8所示实施例示出的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测装置的框图，如图9所示，该装置80还包括：
疲劳测试停止模块804，用于在该待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对该待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
对应关系确定模块805，用于获取该待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到该材料的表面温度达到预设温度的第一时长，并在该第一时长内根据到该待测试材料的表面温度确定该待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
参数值确定模块806，用于根据该第一时长以及该对应关系确定该时间参数值。
可选地，该固有耗散能确定模块802用于：
根据所述第一温升值、该第一周次的第二时长、该时间参数值、该待测试材料的密度和该待测试材料的比热容确定该第一固有耗散能。
通过上述装置，能够获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；根据该第一温升值以及时间参数值确定该待测试材料在该第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；再根据第一比例值、该第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定该待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命，该第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，该轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，该切向疲劳测试参数用于表征该待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力，充分考虑了待测试材料的材料拉-压疲劳抗力和扭转疲劳抗力，对不同材料的适用性更广。同时，该方法采用材料疲劳过程中释放的耗散能作为疲劳损伤参量，其可以通过借助红外热像仪等温度采集装置实时、非接触采集的温度数据计算得到，因此易于获取，且为服役中的装备进行在线检测、寿命预测提供了新思路。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电子设备1000的框图。参照图10，电子设备1000包括处理器1022，其数量可以为一个或多个，以及存储器1032，用于存储可由处理器1022执行的计算机程序。存储器1032中存储的计算机程序可以包括一个或一个以上的每一个对应于一组指令的模块。此外，处理器1022可以被配置为执行该计算机程序，以执行上述的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法。
另外，电子设备1000还可以包括电源组件1026和通信组件1050，该电源组件1026可以被配置为执行电子设备900的电源管理，该通信组件050可以被配置为实现电子设备1000的通信，例如，有线或无线通信。此外，该电子设备1000还可以包括输入/输出（I/O）接口1058。电子设备1000可以操作基于存储在存储器1032的操作系统，例如Windows Server TM，Mac OS X TM，Unix TM，Linux TM等等。
在另一示例性实施例中，还提供了一种包括程序指令的计算机可读存储介质，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法的步骤。例如，该计算机可读存储介质可以为上述包括程序指令的存储器1032，上述程序指令可由电子设备1000的处理器1022执行以完成上述的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法。
在另一示例性实施例中，还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包含能够由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，该计算机程序具有当由该可编程的装置执行时用于执行上述的一种多轴疲劳寿命预测方法的代码部分。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种多轴疲劳寿命测试方法，其特征在于，包括:
    获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；
    根据所述第一温升值以及时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；
    根据第一比例值、所述第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定所述待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命；所述第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，所述轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，所述切向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轴向疲劳测试参数包括轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数，所述轴向疲劳测试参数通过以下方式获取：
    对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命；
    获取所述待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值；
    根据所述第二温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第二周次下的第二固有耗散能；
    根据所述第二固有耗散能和所述轴向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切向疲劳测试参数包括切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数，所述切向疲劳测试参数通过以下方式获取：
    对所述待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命；
    获取所述待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
    根据所述第三温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第三周次下的第三固有耗散能；
    根据所述第三固有耗散能和所述切向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
    获取所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到所述待测试材料的表面温度达到预设温度的第一时长，并在所述第一时长内根据到所述待测试材料的表面温度确定所述待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
    根据所述第一时长以及所述对应关系确定所述时间参数值。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述时间参数值、所述第一温升值确定所述第一固有耗散能包括：
    根据所述第一温升值、所述第一周次的第二时长、所述时间参数值、所述待测试材料的密度和所述待测试材料的比热容确定所述第一固有耗散能。
  6. 一种多轴疲劳寿命测试装置，其特征在于，包括:
    温升值获取模块，用于获取待测试材料在第一周次下的第一温升值；
    固有耗散能确定模块，用于根据所述第一温升值以及时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第一周次下的第一固有耗散能；
    多轴疲劳寿命确定模块，用于根据第一比例值、所述第一固有耗散能、轴向疲劳测试参数和切向疲劳测试参数确定所述待测试材料的多轴疲劳寿命；所述第一比例值为多轴疲劳测试的轴向应变幅和切向应变幅的比值，所述轴向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳抗力，所述切向疲劳测试参数用于表征所述待测试材料的切向疲劳抗力。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述轴向疲劳测试参数包括轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数，所述多轴疲劳寿命确定模块用于：
    对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳寿命；
    获取所述待测试材料在第二周次下的第二温升值；
    根据所述第二温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第二周次下的第二固有耗散能；
    根据所述第二固有耗散能和所述轴向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的轴向疲劳强度系数和轴向疲劳强度指数。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述切向疲劳测试参数包括切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数，所述多轴疲劳寿命确定模块用于：
    对所述待测试材料进行切向疲劳测试，直至所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效，确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳寿命；
    获取所述待测试材料在第三周次下的第三温升值；
    根据所述第三温升值和所述时间参数值确定所述待测试材料在所述第三周次下的第三固有耗散能；
    根据所述第三固有耗散能和所述切向疲劳寿命确定所述待测试材料的切向疲劳强度系数和切向疲劳强度指数。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    疲劳测试停止模块，用于在所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效后，停止对所述待测试材料进行轴向疲劳测试；
    对应关系确定模块，用于获取所述待测试材料发生疲劳失效时到所述待测试材料的表面温度达到预设温度的第一时长，并在所述第一时长内根据到所述待测试材料的表面温度确定所述待测试材料的温升值与时间的对应关系；
    参数值确定模块，用于根据所述第一时长以及所述对应关系确定所述时间参数值。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述固有耗散能确定模块用于：
    根据所述第一温升值、所述第一周次的第二时长、所述时间参数值、所述待测试材料的密度和所述待测试材料的比热容确定所述第一固有耗散能。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，其上存储有计算机程序；
    处理器，用于执行所述存储器中的所述计算机程序，以实现权利要求1-5中任一项所述方法的步骤。
  12. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包含由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序具有当由所述可编程的装置执行时用于执行权利要求1-5中任一项所述方法的代码部分。
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