WO2021139000A1 - 一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021139000A1
WO2021139000A1 PCT/CN2020/078695 CN2020078695W WO2021139000A1 WO 2021139000 A1 WO2021139000 A1 WO 2021139000A1 CN 2020078695 W CN2020078695 W CN 2020078695W WO 2021139000 A1 WO2021139000 A1 WO 2021139000A1
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Prior art keywords
leachate
waste
pipe
layer
tray
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PCT/CN2020/078695
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁增伟
张诗文
周新荣
陈天鸣
王婷
覃祖茂
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南京大学（溧水）生态环境研究院
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Publication of WO2021139000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139000A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a kitchen garbage leachate treatment device and a use method thereof.
  • Food waste (commonly known as swill and swill) is a collective term for food waste and kitchen waste.
  • Kitchen waste refers to scraps and leftovers from residents’ daily cooking.
  • Food waste comes from restaurants, canteens and other commercial and
  • the leftovers produced by public institutions are generally not suitable for direct composting and returning to the field due to their high salt and oil content.
  • the mixed food waste is generally not suitable for direct composting treatment.
  • the existing treatment method is direct landfill or incineration, which results in that the nutrients cannot be used well, resulting in waste.
  • Food waste is rich in nutrients.
  • the new treatment method is to obtain black water horsefly protein by treating food waste with black water horsefly, but high-humidity food waste is not suitable for the growth of black water horsefly. Food waste needs to be processed in the early stage.
  • the color of kitchen waste leachate is black, the composition is complex, and the concentration of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen is high. It mainly contains contaminants such as dietary fiber, starch, fat, animal and vegetable oil, various condiments, and protein. The processing cost is high, and a lot of it is high. Concentrated wastewater cannot be used well.
  • the invention patent CN201510246522.4 the method of using Heishui Fly to dispose of kitchen waste sewage, includes: adding powdered water-absorbent plant material accounting for 20-30% of the weight of the waste water to the kitchen waste water to initially fix the sewage on the water-absorbing material Add the water-absorbent plant material mixed with sewage to the black water horsefly breeding pan made of gauze material, so that the black water horsefly larvae can eat the nutrients; make a fermentation bed in the lower part of the breeding pan, and select the materials for the fermentation bed Regular plant powders are sprayed with EM bacteria regularly, so that the sewage seeping from the culture tray drips onto the fermentation bed.
  • the beneficial microorganisms in the fermentation bed degrade the nutrients in the sewage; ventilation and exhaust facilities are installed in the breeding workshop, and the frequency of air replacement is not For more than 2 hours, the relative humidity of the incoming air is not more than 80%.
  • the invention utilizes the nutrients in the sewage to raise the black water fly larvae, solves the pollution and can also produce the black water fly insect protein, and has good economic and environmental benefits.
  • the invention requires the addition of a large amount of water-absorbing materials and EM bacteria, and the fermentation environment cannot be well adjusted, resulting in low fermentation efficiency of kitchen waste and sewage.
  • the black water fly cannot be well managed and cultivated into a substance rich in good protein. s material.
  • the present invention provides a kitchen waste leachate treatment device and its use method to ensure the environment for treating kitchen waste by Heishui Fly
  • the stable conditions enable it to grow into high-protein-rich adults and then be used in the production of organic feed, which improves the utilization rate of food waste and the economic benefits of black water horsefly cultivation.
  • a kitchen waste leachate treatment device comprising a main body, a solar heat collector arranged on the top of the main body, a material inlet and a solar cell panel; the material inlet is arranged on one end of the top of the main body, and the other end is respectively provided with adjacent solar energy Heat collector and solar panel; the inside of the body is respectively a waste liquid tank, a biological treatment layer, a biochemical purification layer and a purification liquid storage tank from top to bottom.
  • the waste liquid tank is connected with the lower channel of the material inlet through the filter screen; the bottom of the waste liquid tank is provided with a water filter tube and a heat pipe water filter tube respectively connected to the water inlet of the evaporator and the first branch of the cleaning pipe; the heat pipe and the solar collector
  • the material inlet is located in the channel at the lower part of the filter screen with a drawable baffle, which is inclined to the waste liquid tank; the lower end of the material inlet is connected to the biological treatment layer, and is provided with a storage bin connected to the body,
  • the top surface of the storage silo is inclined, and the inclination direction is the same as that of the baffle.
  • An evaporator is installed in the storage silo.
  • the biological treatment layer and the biochemical purification layer are separated by a cultivation tray, and the top of the biological treatment layer is provided with a quartz heating tube and a first spraying pipe;
  • the cultivation tray can be drawn out from the end of the body away from the material inlet and is located at the lower part of the material inlet
  • One end of the tube is framed on the side of the silo, air inlet grooves are provided on both sides, the bottom is evenly distributed with sieve holes penetrating the plate, and one end of the wall of the body is provided with an observation port and a handle;
  • the quartz heating tube and solar energy The battery board is connected;
  • the first spray pipe is connected to the water outlet of the evaporator and the second branch pipe of the cleaning pipe respectively, and steam outlets are distributed on the pipe body.
  • the bottom of the biochemical purification layer is a barrier, and the lower part of the barrier is a purification liquid storage tank; one end of the barrier is connected to the wall of the air inlet channel, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the storage bin; Filled with activated carbon, the upper and lower plates are evenly distributed with percolation holes; the air inlet channel is arranged on the bottom edge of the main body, and the top is connected with the main body through the air inlet holes, and ventilation louvers are arranged on the side of the main body wall .
  • the purification fluid storage tank is provided with a water pipe connected to the water pump at one end away from the air inlet channel, and the water pump is connected to the cleaning pipe.
  • the cleaning pipe is provided with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe; both the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are provided The electromagnetic valve.
  • the quantity of black shui flies put into each cultivation is 3000-5000 pairs per cubic meter. If the stocking density in the breeding room is too small, the breeding room will not be fully utilized, which will result in a waste of resources. If the stocking density in the breeding room is too high, it will lead to indoor hypoxia and limited space for the adult black water fly. So put the black water fly larvae into the breeding room at the number of 3000-5000 pairs per cubic meter.
  • the operating principle of the device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the filtered food waste After the food waste is separated by pressure filtration, the filtered food waste enters the breeding tray, and the leachate enters the waste water tank on the upper part of the main body.
  • the heat pipe is used to preheat the percolate to reduce the energy consumption of the evaporator.
  • the filter pipe is used to initially separate the percolate, so that the content of impurities in the percolate entering the evaporator is low, and the evaporator will not be blocked, and it is suitable for cultivating black water horsefly ; Then the leachate is heated by the evaporator, and the filtered food waste is sprayed with the heated leachate to increase the moisture content and temperature quickly to a range suitable for cultivating black water horsefly, and then mix it with semi-cooked fertilizer for use For cultivating the insect sand of black water horsefly larvae; then use the evaporator to heat the leachate and spray it into the insect sand to increase the moisture content and temperature of the insect sand and keep the insect sand at a temperature and moisture content suitable for the cultivation of black water horsefly.
  • the sprayed leachate is rich in oil, which can make the cultivated black water fly grow fast and have a high protein content, thereby improving the breeding efficiency.
  • the insect sand After the cultivated black water horsefly is killed by the quartz heating tube and high-temperature steam, the insect sand is sifted out to the biochemical purification layer through the small aperture sieve at the bottom of the culture tray, and the black water horsefly cannot pass through the sieve, so as to achieve the separation of the black water horsefly
  • the purpose of the insect sand is convenient and fast.
  • the insect sand continues to be mixed with the filled mature fertilizer for biological purification of the leachate, and then further purified by biochar, the purified water obtained can meet the discharge standard, and the purified water drops to the purification liquid storage tank at the bottom, which can be used To clean the various parts in the body, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling the kitchen leachate.
  • the oxygen in the cultivation process is supplemented by air.
  • the air inlet channel at the bottom of the device, the air outside the device can enter the device.
  • the ventilation shutters can place the peculiar smell in the device to escape and prevent debris from entering the air inlet. Blockage in the channel.
  • the body is also provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and an infrared sensor; the temperature sensor is arranged on the first spray pipe; The humidity sensor is arranged in the culture tray; the oxygen sensor is arranged at the air inlet; the infrared sensor is arranged on the upper part of the culture tray.
  • the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature in the device to ensure the accuracy of the culture temperature and the fumigation temperature;
  • the humidity sensor is used to monitor the moisture content of the insect sand in the culture tray to ensure the stability of the black water horsefly cultivation environment;
  • the oxygen sensor is used to monitor the device Oxygen content, replenish air in time.
  • the diameter of the sieve at the bottom of the culture tray is 4 to 5 mm.
  • the sieve holes can only allow the insect sand to pass through but not the black water fly insect body, which facilitates the separation of the black water fly insect body and the insect sand.
  • the air inlet groove of the culture tray is provided with an air inlet penetrating the tray body, the culture tray is provided with a layer of grid, and the bottom is provided with an extractable Flapper.
  • the screen can make the filtered kitchen waste more fluffy in the culture tray, and then the air enters from the air intake channel at the bottom of the body, and penetrates into the culture tray through the air inlet groove and the air inlet, which improves the air infiltration into the culture tray.
  • the inner area increases the oxygen content of the insect sand, thereby improving the breeding efficiency.
  • the pumping plate can prevent insect sand from falling into the biochemical purification layer during the cultivation process, which will affect the cultivation effect of black water fly. When it is necessary to separate the insect sand, then pull out the insert plate to make the sieve hole of the culture plate penetrate, and then the insect sand can be separated. Black water fly insect body improves the separation efficiency of insect sand and black water fly.
  • the biological treatment layer is divided into a breeding area and a separation area on the left and right, separated by a partition in the middle, and the separation area is provided with a separation drum; the separation drum is connected to the separation drum by a rotating shaft.
  • the plate and the motor rotate, the feed end of the separation drum is set at the lower part of the inclined surface of the storage bin, and the discharge end is set at the lower part of the partition plate and on the upper part of the culture plate; the cylinder wall of the separation drum is evenly distributed with through holes, and the rotating shaft is along it.
  • Spiral blades are arranged in the axial direction; the motor is arranged in the upper part of the storage bin.
  • the through-hole diameter of the separation drum is 1 ⁇ 3mm, which can prevent the filtered food waste from falling from the through-holes.
  • the leachate flowing out through the through-holes directly drips onto the lower compartment of the separation drum and is treated with mature fertilizer. After that, it is filtered by the activated carbon in the compartment to achieve the purification effect, and finally flows into the purification liquid storage tank.
  • a second evaporator is also provided at the lower part of the separation drum, which is arranged at the lower part of one end of the cultivation plate near the separation drum; the second evaporator liquid outlet is connected to the top of the biological treatment layer In the second spraying pipe, the liquid inlet is connected to the filter pipe in the waste liquid tank.
  • the second evaporator is used to heat the leachate in the waste liquid tank, and then spray it on the insect sand through the second spray pipe for secondary water replenishment, so as to increase the moisture content and culture temperature of the insect sand.
  • the present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned food waste leachate treatment device, which includes the following steps:
  • S3 Fill the semi-cooked fertilizer in the cultivation plate through the observation port of the cultivation plate and mix the pretreatment residues evenly and level it to obtain insect sand, and then heat the leachate in the waste liquid tank through the evaporator or the second evaporator to 25 ⁇ 35°C, and spray the insect sand through the first spray pipe or the second spray pipe to control the moisture content of the insect sand at 70% ⁇ 80%, and finally inoculate the black water fly larvae on the breeding tray through the observation port. bring up.
  • the said semi-cooked fertilizer is obtained from food waste and/or garden waste composting for 20-30 days; the said mature fertilizer is food waste and/or garden waste composting. Obtained from composting garbage for 50 to 60 days.
  • Semi-cooked fertilizer and mature fertilizer are rich in probiotics, which can promote the growth of black horsefly and further decompose the organic matter and leachate of insect sand.
  • the dosage ratio of the mature fertilizer, insect sand and activated carbon of the biochemical purification layer is 2:2:1, and the thickness of the filler after the mixture of mature fertilizer and insect sand is 30 ⁇ 40cm.
  • the amount of mature fertilizer and insect sand is the same to avoid the small or excessive amount of insect sand that causes the bacteria in the mature fertilizer to not maximize the decomposition of the organic matter in the insect sand.
  • Activated carbon is used to purify the leachate in the insect sand after decomposition, mainly to adsorb particles and remove peculiar smell. Too much use will block the barrier and the leachate will not be able to filter well. If the amount is too small, the purification effect will not be achieved.
  • the device of the present invention can realize the separation of kitchen waste leachate and the cultivation of black water horsefly at the same time, and at the same time, use the separated leachate to pass the black water horsefly culture purification treatment to obtain high-protein black water horsefly products, and the obtained purified liquid It can be used for self-cleaning inside the equipment, which improves the utilization rate of kitchen waste.
  • the device of the present invention uses the separated kitchen waste leachate to spray the materials in the biological treatment layer after solar heating, so that the materials mixed with the semi-cooked fertilizer can reach the cultivation temperature and moisture content of the black water horsefly faster. Thereby, the growth rate of black water fly larvae is increased, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
  • the present invention adjusts the cultivation temperature, humidity and ventilation of the breeding area in time by controlling the environment control system, so that the breeding conditions of the black water horsefly can be well controlled and adjusted, and the controllability of the breeding environment of the black water horsefly is improved.
  • the present invention uses the combination of black water horsefly treatment and activated carbon treatment to purify the kitchen waste leachate, and the purified water obtained meets the discharge standard. At the same time, it is used to clean the device and can also be used for the filtered kitchen waste. Fumigation and sterilization can effectively recycle the kitchen waste leachate and greatly improve the utilization rate of the kitchen waste leachate.
  • the present invention uses the characteristics of the black water horsefly to avoid light and heat resistance, and uses the light radiation of the quartz heating tube to heat up and illuminate the cultivated black water horsefly.
  • the cultivated insect sand is dried to make the insect sand It can better fall from the sieve of the culture plate to the biochemical purification layer, which improves the separation efficiency of black water fly and insect sand.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a detailed schematic diagram of the barrier structure of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the culture tray in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the culture tray in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a culture tray in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the plug-in plate of the cultivation tray in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the device of Example 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the device of Example 3.
  • a food waste leachate treatment device as shown in Figures 1 to 2 includes a main body 1, a solar heat collector set on the top of the main body 1, a material inlet 3 and a solar panel 24; the material inlet 3 is provided On one end of the top of the main body 1 and the other end are respectively provided with adjacent solar collectors 2 and solar panels 24; the inside of the main body 1 from top to bottom are the waste liquid tank 4, the biological treatment layer 5, and the biochemical purification layer. 6 and purification liquid storage tank 9, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the waste liquid tank 4 is connected with the lower channel of the material inlet 3 through the filter 28; the bottom of the waste liquid tank 4 is provided with a water filter tube 15 and a heat pipe 16, and the water filter tube 15 is connected to the water inlet of the evaporator 14 and the cleaning pipe 20 respectively.
  • the first branch pipe 21; the heat pipe 16 is connected with the solar collector 2; the material inlet 3 is located in the channel at the lower part of the filter screen 28 with a drawable baffle 11, the baffle 11 is inclined to the waste liquid tank 4;
  • the lower end of the inlet 3 is connected with the biological treatment layer 5, and is provided with a storage bin 12 connected to the main body 1.
  • the top surface of the storage bin 12 is inclined, and the inclination direction is consistent with the inclination direction of the baffle 11, and an evaporator 14 is provided in the storage bin 12.
  • the biological treatment layer 5 and the biochemical purification layer 6 are separated by a cultivation tray 17.
  • the top of the biological treatment layer 5 is provided with a quartz heating tube 19 and a first spraying pipe 10; the cultivation tray 17 can be away from the material inlet from the body 1 One end of 3 is drawn out, and the end located at the lower part of the material inlet 3 is placed on the side of the silo 12. There are air inlet grooves 1701 on both sides.
  • the bottom is evenly distributed with sieve holes 1706 with a diameter of 4 ⁇ 5mm penetrating the disc body, located on the main body
  • One end of the wall of 1 is provided with an observation port 1703 and a handle 1704, as shown in Figure 4;
  • the quartz heating tube 19 is connected to the solar panel 24;
  • the first spray pipe 10 is connected to the water outlet of the evaporator 14 respectively
  • the second branch pipe 22 of the cleaning pipe 20 and the second branch pipe 22 have steam outlets distributed on the pipe body.
  • the bottom of the biochemical purification layer 6 is a barrier layer 26, and the lower part of the barrier layer 26 is a purification liquid storage tank 9; one end of the barrier layer 26 is connected to the wall of the air inlet channel 7, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the storage bin 12;
  • Layer 26 is a two-layer arrangement, filled with activated carbon 8 in the middle, and percolation holes 13 are evenly distributed on the upper and lower plate surfaces, as shown in Figure 3;
  • the air inlet channel 7 is provided on the bottom edge of the body 1, and the top passes through
  • the air inlet 25 communicates with the inside of the main body 1, and a ventilation louver 23 is provided on one side of the wall of the main body 1.
  • a water pipe 27 is provided at one end of the purified liquid storage tank 9 away from the air inlet passage 7 to connect to the water pump 18, and the water pump 18 is connected to the cleaning pipe 20.
  • the cleaning pipe 20 is provided with a first branch pipe 21 and a second branch pipe 22; Both the branch pipe 21 and the second branch pipe 22 are provided with solenoid valves 29.
  • the body 1 is also provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor, and an infrared sensor; the temperature sensor is arranged on the first spray pipe 10; the humidity sensor is arranged in the culture tray 17; The oxygen sensor is arranged at the air inlet 25; the infrared sensor is arranged on the upper part of the culture tray 17.
  • S3 Fill the semi-cooked fertilizer in the culture tray 17 through the observation port 1703 of the culture tray 17 and mix the pretreatment residues evenly and spread them to obtain insect sand, and then heat the leachate in the waste liquid tank 4 through the evaporator 14 to 25 ⁇ 30°C, and spray the insect sand through the first spray pipe 10 to control the moisture content of the insect sand at 70% ⁇ 80%, and finally inoculate the black water fly larvae on the breeding tray 17 through the observation port 1703 for cultivation;
  • the semi-cooked fertilizer is obtained by composting kitchen waste for 20-30 days.
  • the dosage ratio of the mature fertilizer, insect sand and activated carbon of the biochemical purification layer 6 is 2:2:1, and the thickness of the filler after mixing the mature fertilizer and insect sand is 30-40 cm.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the difference of the food waste leachate treatment device of this example is:
  • the culture tray 17 is shown in Figures 5-7, the air inlet groove 1701 is provided with an air inlet 1702 penetrating the tray body, the culture tray 17 is provided with a layer of grid 1705, and the bottom is provided with a removable insert. Board 1707.
  • the grid 1705 can make the insect sand in the culture tray 17 fluffy, so that air can enter the insect sand through the air inlet 1702, and improve the breeding efficiency of black water horsefly; the insert plate 1707 can prevent the insects in the process of cultivating black water horsefly The sand fills the sieve hole 1706 and falls.
  • the method for separating insect sand and black water fly insects in step S4 is: after the insert plate 1707 at the bottom of the culture tray 17 is drawn out, the culture tray 17 is shaken to make the insect sand in the tray fall through the sieve 1706 Fall into the biochemical purification layer 6, then pack and collect the black water horsefly in the dish, add new semi-cooked fertilizer and black water horsefly larvae to continue cultivation.
  • the difference of the food waste leachate treatment device of this embodiment is:
  • the biological treatment layer 5 is divided into a breeding area and a separation area on the left and right, as shown in Figure 8, separated by a partition 34 in the middle.
  • the separation area is provided with a separation drum 31; the separation drum 31 is connected to the partition 34 and the motor through a rotating shaft. 30 is rotated, the feed end of the separation drum 8 is arranged at the lower part of the inclined surface of the storage bin 12, and the discharge end is arranged at the lower part of the partition 34 and on the upper part of the culture tray 17; the cylindrical wall of the separation drum 8 is evenly distributed with through holes 33,
  • the rotating shaft is provided with spiral blades 32 along its axial direction; the motor 30 is arranged in the upper part of the storage bin 12.
  • step S2 the percolate in the waste liquid tank 4 is heated to 25-35°C through the evaporator 14, and then the heated percolate is applied to the separation drum 31 through the first spray pipe 10
  • the filtered food waste is sprayed to obtain the pretreatment residue
  • step S3 heats the leachate in the waste liquid tank 4 to 25-35°C through the second evaporator 36, and sprays it through the second spray pipe 35 to
  • the moisture content of the insect sand is controlled at 70% to 80%, and finally the black water fly larvae are inoculated on the breeding tray 17 through the observation port 1703 for cultivation.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法，所述的装置内部从上到下设有废液槽、生物处理层、生化净化层和净化液储存槽；首先将餐厨垃圾进行固液分离，分离的渗滤液进入废液槽，分离后的物料进入生物处理层内和半熟肥混合培养黑水虻；通过蒸发器将废液槽内的渗滤液进行加热，用于对生物处理层的物料进行加湿和升温。培养后的虫沙经过成熟肥和活性炭再次处理得到净化水，可用于对装置进行清洗。本发明的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置可以有效的分离餐厨垃圾渗滤液和残渣，分离后的残渣用于培养黑水虻，渗滤液循环利用进行熏蒸灭菌、提高黑水虻培养的温度和增加培养料营养含量，大大提高了餐厨垃圾的利用率。

Description

一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明属于垃圾处理技术领域，特别涉及一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法。
 背景技术
餐厨垃圾（俗称泔脚、泔水），是餐饮垃圾和厨余垃圾的统称，厨余垃圾指居民日常烹调中废弃的下脚料和剩饭剩菜，其中餐饮垃圾是来自饭店、食堂等商业与公共机构产生的残羹剩饭，由于含盐和含油量较大，一般不适合直接堆肥处理还田利用。混合后的餐厨垃圾一般也不适合直接堆肥处理，现有的处理方法为直接填埋或焚烧，导致营养物质不能得到很好的利用，造成浪费。餐厨垃圾中含有丰富的营养物质，新型的处理方法是通过黑水虻处理餐厨垃圾获得黑水虻蛋白，但是高湿度的餐厨垃圾不适合黑水虻成长，前期需要对餐厨垃圾进行压滤并对渗滤液进行单独处理后达标排放才可。餐厨垃圾渗滤液的颜色偏黑色，成分复杂，有机物和氨氮的浓度高，主要含有食物纤维、淀粉、脂肪、动物植物油、各类佐料、和蛋白质等污染物，处理成本高，大量的高浓度废水不能得到很好的利用。
发明专利CN201510246522.4，利用黑水虻处置餐厨垃圾污水的方法，包括：在餐厨垃圾污水中添加占污水重量20-30%的粉末状吸水性植物材料，将污水初步固定在吸水性材料中；将污水拌匀的吸水性植物材料添加到纱网材料制成的黑水虻养殖盘中，使黑水虻幼虫取食其中的营养物质；在养殖盘下部制作发酵床，发酵床材料选用常规的植物粉末，定期喷洒EM菌，使从养殖盘中渗出的污水滴落在发酵床上，发酵床中的有益微生物降解污水中的营养物质；养殖车间安装通风排气设施，空气置换频率不大于2小时，进入空气的相对湿度不大于80%。该发明利用污水中的营养物质来饲养黑水虻幼虫，解决污染的同时还能产出黑水虻昆虫蛋白，具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。但是该发明需要添加大量的吸水性材料和EM菌，发酵环境不能很好的调节，导致餐厨垃圾污水发酵效率低，同时不能很好的管理黑水虻，将其培养成富含好蛋白物质的材料。
 技术问题
针对现有餐厨垃圾处理困难，餐厨垃圾渗滤液含量高，不能得到有效利用的缺陷，本发明提供一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置及其使用方法，保证黑水虻处理厨余垃圾环境条件的稳定，使其长成富含高蛋白的成虫后用于有机饲料的制作，提高餐厨垃圾的利用率和黑水虻培养的经济效益。
 技术解决方案
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，包括本体、设置于本体顶部的太阳能集热器、物料进口和太阳能电池板；所述的物料进口设置于本体顶部一端，另一端分别设有相邻的太阳能集热器和太阳能电池板；所述的本体内部由上而下分别为废液槽、生物处理层、生化净化层和净化液储存槽。
所述的废液槽通过滤网和物料进口下部通道连通；废液槽内底部设有滤水管和热管滤水管分别连接蒸发器的进水口和清洗管道的第一支管；热管与太阳能集热器连接；所述的物料进口位于滤网下部处的通道内设有可抽出的挡板，挡板向废液槽倾斜；物料进口下端与生物处理层连通，并设有和本体连接的放置仓，放置仓顶面倾斜，倾斜方向和挡板的倾斜方向一致，放置仓内设有蒸发器。
所述的生物处理层和生化净化层通过养殖盘进行分隔，生物处理层顶部设有石英加热管和第一喷洒管道；所述的养殖盘可从本体远离物料进口的一端抽出，位于物料进口下部的一端架在放置仓侧面上，两侧设有进气凹槽，底部均匀分布有贯穿盘体的筛孔，位于本体的壁体一端设有观察口和把手；所述的石英加热管与太阳能电池板连接；所述的第一喷洒管道分别连接蒸发器的出水口和清洗管道的第二支管，管体上均分布有蒸气出口。
所述的生化净化层底部为隔层，隔层下部为净化液储存槽；所述的隔层一端连接进气通道的壁体，另一端连接放置仓的底部；隔层为双层设置，中间填充有活性炭，上层和下层的板面上均匀分布有渗滤孔；所述的进气通道设于本体底部边沿，顶部通过进气孔与本体内连通，位于本体壁体一侧设有通风百叶。
所述净化液储存槽远离进气通道的一端设有水管连接到抽水泵，抽水泵连接清洗管道，清洗管道上设有第一支管和第二支管；第一支管和第二支管上均设有电磁阀。
本发明每次培养投放黑水虻的数量为每立方米3000～5000对。若养殖室内的饲养密度太小，则养殖室得不到充分的利用，会造成资源的浪费，若养殖室内的饲养密度太大，则会导致室内缺氧及黑水虻成虫活动空间受限，所以向养殖室内按照每立方米3000～5000对的数量投放黑水虻幼虫。
本发明装置的运行原理如下：
餐厨垃圾通过压滤分离后，滤水后的餐厨垃圾进入到养殖盘中，渗滤液进入本体上部的废水槽中。利用热管对渗滤液进行预加热，降低蒸发器加热的能耗，滤水管对渗滤液进行初步分离，使进入蒸发器的渗滤液中杂质含量低，不会堵塞蒸发器，同时适合培养黑水虻；然后通过蒸发器将渗滤液加热，利用加热后的渗滤液喷洒滤水后的餐厨垃圾，使其含水率和温度快速升高达到适合培养黑水虻的范围，然后和半熟肥混合得到用于培养黑水虻幼虫的虫沙；再利用蒸发器将渗滤液加热，喷洒至虫沙中，提高虫沙的含水率和温度，使虫沙保持在适合黑水虻培养的温度和含水率，喷洒的渗滤液中含有丰富的油脂，可以使培养的黑水虻成长速度快，蛋白含量高，从而提高养殖效率。
培养后的黑水虻经过石英加热管和高温蒸气杀死后，虫沙经过养殖盘底部的小孔径筛孔筛出到生化净化层，而黑水虻不能通过筛孔，从而达到分离黑水虻和虫沙的目的，方便快捷。
虫沙在生化净化层继续和填充的成熟肥混合进行渗滤液生物净化，然后再经过生物炭进一步净化，得到的净化水就可达到排放标准，净化水滴落至底部的净化液储存槽中，可用于对本体内的各个部件进行清洗，从而达到循环利用餐厨渗滤液的目的。
培养过程中的氧气通过空气进行补充，通过打开装置底部的进气通道即可使装置外的空气进入到装置内，同时通风百叶可以放置装置内的异味散出，还能防止杂物进入进气通道中造成堵塞。
作为本发明餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的进一步改进，所述的本体内还设有温度传感器、湿度传感器、氧气传感器和红外传感器；所述的温度传感器设置于第一喷洒管道上；所述的湿度传感器设置于养殖盘内；所述的氧气传感器设置于进气孔处；所述的红外传感器设置于养殖盘上部。
温度传感器用于监测装置内的温度，保证培养温度和熏蒸温度的准确；湿度传感器用于监测养殖盘内虫沙的含水率，保证黑水虻培养环境的稳定性；氧气传感器用于监测装置内氧气含量，以及时补充空气。利用传感器监测整个装置在黑水虻培养过程中的各项参数，保证了黑水虻培养的稳定系，提高培养效率，从而提高参数垃圾渗滤液分离效率。
作为本发明餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的进一步改进，所述的养殖盘底部的筛孔直径为4～5mm。
筛孔只能让虫沙通过而不让黑水虻虫体通过，方便分离黑水虻虫体和虫沙。
作为本发明餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的进一步改进，所述的养殖盘的进气凹槽内设有贯穿盘体的进气口，养殖盘内设有一层格网，底部设有可抽出的插板。
隔网可以使滤水后的餐厨垃圾在养殖盘内更加蓬松，然后空气从本体底部的进气通道进入，通过进气凹槽和进气口渗透到养殖盘内，提高了空气渗入养殖盘内的面积，提高虫沙的氧气含量，从而提高养殖效率。抽板可以防止虫沙在培养过程中掉落到生化净化层内，影响黑水虻培养效果，当需要分离虫沙时再抽出插板，使养殖盘筛孔贯通，就可以筛出虫沙分离黑水虻虫体，提高了虫沙和黑水虻分离的效率。
作为本发明餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的进一步改进，所述的生物处理层左右分为养殖区和分离区，通过中部的隔板隔开，分离区设有分离滚筒；分离滚筒通过转轴连接隔板和电机进行转动，分离滚筒的进料端设置于放置仓的斜面下部，出料端设置于隔板下部并位于养殖盘上部；分离滚筒的筒壁上均匀分布有通孔，转轴上沿其轴向设有螺旋叶片；所述的电机设置于放置仓内上部。
利用分离滚筒将滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行翻转使其蓬松均匀，然后利用蒸发器加热渗滤液进行喷洒，可以使滤水后的餐厨垃圾能更加均匀和加热后的渗滤液进行混合。分离滚筒的通孔孔径为1～3mm，可以防止滤水后的餐厨垃圾从通孔中掉落，经过通孔流出的渗滤液直接滴落至分离滚筒下部的隔层上，经过成熟肥处理后经过隔层内的活性炭过滤，达到净化效果，最后流入净化液储存槽内。
作为本发明餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的进一步改进，所述的分离滚筒下部还设有第二蒸发器，设置于养殖盘靠近分离滚筒一端下部；第二蒸发器出液口连接生物处理层顶部的第二喷洒管道，进液口连接废液槽内的滤水管。
第二蒸发器用于将废液槽中的渗滤液进行加热，然后通过第二喷洒管道喷洒到虫沙上进行二次补水，提高虫沙的含水率和培养温度。
同时，本发明还提供上述餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将餐厨垃圾通过物料进口倒入，通过压板将餐厨垃圾进行挤压，使渗滤液通过滤网流至废液槽中，得到滤水后的餐厨垃圾；然后抽出挡板使滤水后的餐厨垃圾掉落到放置仓的倾斜面上进入到生物处理层内的养殖盘中。
S2：通过蒸发器将废液槽中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，然后通过第一喷洒管道将加热后的渗滤液对生物处理层内的滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行喷洒，得到预处理残渣。
S3：通过养殖盘的观察口将半熟肥填充在养殖盘中和预处理残渣混合均匀并铺平，得到虫沙，然后通过蒸发器或第二蒸发器将废液槽中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，并通过第一喷洒管道或第二喷洒管道喷洒至虫沙上，使虫沙的含水率控制在70%～80%，最后通过观察口在养殖盘上接种黑水虻幼虫进行培养。
S4：打开通风百叶使空气进入到生物处理层中，待黑水虻幼虫培养至预蛹阶段后，停止喷洒渗滤液，打开石英加热管照射24h，通过红外传感器探测养殖盘上的黑水虻活虫数量，当少于10只时，抽出养殖盘底部的插板，使盘内的虫沙通过筛孔掉落到生化净化层内，然后将盘中的黑水虻打包收集，补充新的半熟肥和黑水虻幼虫继续培养。
S5：掉落至生化净化层中的虫沙和成熟肥混合，经过成熟肥生物处理后，虫沙中的渗滤液经过隔层内填充的活性炭进行进一步处理，然后滴至底层的净化液储存槽，净化液储存槽内的净化水可通过抽水泵输送至清洗管道对本体内部进行清洗。
作为餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法的进一步改进，所述的半熟肥是餐厨垃圾和/或园林垃圾堆肥20～30天所得的；所述的成熟肥是餐厨垃圾和/或园林垃圾堆肥50～60天所得的。
半熟肥和成熟肥中含有丰富的益生菌，可以促进黑水虻生长和进一步分解虫沙的有机物和渗滤液。
作为餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法的进一步改进，所述的生化净化层的成熟肥、虫沙和活性炭的用量比为2:2:1，成熟肥和虫沙混合后的填料厚度为30～40cm。
成熟肥和虫沙的用量相同，避免虫沙少量或过量导致成熟肥中的菌种不能最大化的分解虫沙中的有机物。活性炭用于对分解后虫沙中的渗滤液进行净化，主要为吸附颗粒、清除异味，用量过多导致隔层堵塞渗滤液不能很好的过滤，用量太少则不能达到净化效果。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明的装置可以实现餐厨垃圾渗滤液分离和黑水虻培养同时进行，同时利用分离后的渗滤液通过黑水虻培养净化处理，获得高蛋白的黑水虻产品，获得的净化液可以用于设备内部自净，提高了餐厨垃圾的利用率。
2、本发明的装置利用分离得到的餐厨垃圾渗滤液，经过太阳能加热后对生物处理层内的物料进行喷洒，使与半熟肥混合后的物料更快达到黑水虻培养温度和含水率，从而提高了黑水虻幼虫的成长速度，进而提高了养殖效率。
3、本发明通过控制环境控制系统及时调节养殖区的培养温度、湿度和通气性，从而使黑水虻的养殖条件得到很好的控制调节，提高了黑水虻养殖环境的可控性。
4、本发明通过黑水虻处理和活性炭处理相结合对餐厨垃圾渗滤液进行净化，得到的净化水符合排放标准，同时用于对装置进行清洗，还可以对滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行熏蒸灭菌，使餐厨垃圾渗滤液得到有效的循环利用，大大提高了餐厨垃圾渗滤液的利用率。
5、本发明利用黑水虻避光和怕热的特性，利用石英加热管的光辐射进行升温和光照，对培养后的黑水虻进行灭杀，同时干燥培养后的虫沙，使虫沙能更好的从养殖盘的筛孔中掉落至生化净化层，提高了黑水虻和虫沙分离的效率。
 附图说明
图1为本发明装置的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明装置的剖视结构示意图。
图3为本发明装置的隔层结构细节示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1养殖盘的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例2养殖盘的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例2养殖盘的剖面结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例2养殖盘的插板连接结构示意图。
图8为实施例3装置的剖视结构示意图。
附图标记：1-本体，2-太阳能集热器，3-物料进口，4-废液槽，5-生物处理层，6-生化净化层，7-进气通道，8-活性炭，9-净化液储存槽，10-第一喷洒管道，11-档板，12-放置仓，13-渗滤孔，14-蒸发器，15-滤水管，16-热管，17-养殖盘，1701-进气凹槽，1702-进气口，1703-观察口，1704-把手，1705-格网，1706-筛孔，1707-插板，18-抽水泵，19-石英加热管，20-清洗管道，21-第一支管，22-第二支管，23-通风百叶，24-太阳能电池板，25-进气孔，26-隔层，27-水管，28-滤网，29-电磁阀，30-电机，31-分离滚筒，32-螺旋叶片，33-通孔，34-隔板，35-第二喷洒管道，36-第二蒸发器。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1～2所示的一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，包括本体1、设置于本体1顶部的太阳能集热器2、物料进口3和太阳能电池板24；所述的物料进口3设置于本体1顶部一端，另一端分别设有相邻的太阳能集热器2和太阳能电池板24；所述的本体1内部由上而下分别为废液槽4、生物处理层5、生化净化层6和净化液储存槽9，如图2所示。
所述的废液槽4通过滤网28和物料进口3下部通道连通；废液槽4内底部设有滤水管15和热管16，滤水管15分别连接蒸发器14的进水口和清洗管道20的第一支管21；热管16与太阳能集热器2连接；所述的物料进口3位于滤网28下部处的通道内设有可抽出的挡板11，挡板11向废液槽4倾斜；物料进口3下端与生物处理层5连通，并设有和本体1连接的放置仓12，放置仓12顶面倾斜，倾斜方向和挡板11的倾斜方向一致，放置仓12内设有蒸发器14。
所述的生物处理层5和生化净化层6通过养殖盘17进行分隔，生物处理层5顶部设有石英加热管19和第一喷洒管道10；所述的养殖盘17可从本体1远离物料进口3的一端抽出，位于物料进口3下部的一端架在放置仓12侧面上，两侧设有进气凹槽1701，底部均匀分布有贯穿盘体的直径为4～5mm的筛孔1706，位于本体1的壁体一端设有观察口1703和把手1704，如图4所示；所述的石英加热管19与太阳能电池板24连接；所述的第一喷洒管道10分别连接蒸发器14的出水口和清洗管道20的第二支管22，管体上均分布有蒸气出口。
所述的生化净化层6底部为隔层26，隔层26下部为净化液储存槽9；所述的隔层26一端连接进气通道7的壁体，另一端连接放置仓12的底部；隔层26为双层设置，中间填充有活性炭8，上层和下层的板面上均匀分布有渗滤孔13，如图3所示；所述的进气通道7设于本体1底部边沿，顶部通过进气孔25与本体1内连通，位于本体1壁体一侧设有通风百叶23。
所述净化液储存槽9远离进气通道7的一端设有水管27连接到抽水泵18，抽水泵18连接清洗管道20，清洗管道20上设有第一支管21和第二支管22；第一支管21和第二支管22上均设有电磁阀29。
所述的本体1内还设有温度传感器、湿度传感器、氧气传感器和红外传感器；所述的温度传感器设置于第一喷洒管道10上；所述的湿度传感器设置于养殖盘17内；所述的氧气传感器设置于进气孔25处；所述的红外传感器设置于养殖盘17上部。
本实施例的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将20公斤的餐厨垃圾通过物料进口3倒入，通过压板将餐厨垃圾进行挤压，使渗滤液通过滤网28流至废液槽4中，得到滤水后的餐厨垃圾；然后抽出挡板11使滤水后的餐厨垃圾掉落到放置仓（12）的倾斜面上进入到生物处理层5内的养殖盘17中；
S2：通过蒸发器14将废液槽4中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，然后通过第一喷洒管道10将加热后的渗滤液对生物处理层5内的滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行喷洒，得到预处理残渣；
S3：通过养殖盘17的观察口1703将半熟肥填充在养殖盘17中和预处理残渣混合均匀并铺平，得到虫沙，然后通过蒸发器14将废液槽4中的渗滤液进行加热至25～30℃，并通过第一喷洒管道10喷洒至虫沙上，使虫沙的含水率控制在70%～80%，最后通过观察口1703在养殖盘17上接种黑水虻幼虫进行培养；所述的半熟肥是将厨余垃圾堆肥20~30天得到的。
S4：打开通风百叶23使空气进入到生物处理层5中，待黑水虻幼虫培养至预蛹阶段后，停止喷洒渗滤液，打开石英加热管19照射24h，通过红外传感器探测养殖盘17上的黑水虻活虫数量，当少于10只时，摇动养殖盘17使盘内的虫沙通过筛孔1706掉落到生化净化层6内，然后将盘中的黑水虻打包收集，补充新的半熟肥和黑水虻幼虫继续培养。
S5：掉落至生化净化层6中的虫沙和成熟肥混合，经过成熟肥生物处理后，虫沙中的渗滤液经过隔层26内填充的活性炭进行进一步处理，然后滴至底层的净化液储存槽9，净化液储存槽9内的净化水可通过抽水泵18输送至清洗管道20对本体1内部进行清洗；所述的成熟肥是将厨余垃圾堆肥50~60天得到的。
所述的生化净化层6的成熟肥、虫沙和活性炭的用量比为2：2：1，成熟肥和虫沙混合后的填料厚度为30～40cm。
实施例2
与实施例1相比较，本实施例的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的不同点在于：
所述的养殖盘17如图5～7所示，的进气凹槽1701内设有贯穿盘体的进气口1702，养殖盘17内设有一层格网1705，底部设有可抽出的插板1707。
格网1705可以使养殖盘17内的虫沙蓬松，使空气可以用进气口1702中进入到虫沙内部，提高黑水虻的养殖效率；插板1707可以防止在培养黑水虻过程中虫沙充筛孔1706中掉落。
本实施例装置的使用方法中，步骤S4分离虫沙和黑水虻虫的方法为：将养殖盘17底部的插板1707抽出后，摇动养殖盘17使盘内的虫沙通过筛孔1706掉落到生化净化层6内，然后将盘中的黑水虻打包收集，补充新的半熟肥和黑水虻幼虫继续培养。
实施例3
与实施例2相比较，本实施例的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的不同点在于：
所述的生物处理层5如图8所示，左右分为养殖区和分离区，通过中部的隔板34隔开，分离区设有分离滚筒31；分离滚筒31通过转轴连接隔板34和电机30进行转动，分离滚筒8的进料端设置于放置仓12的斜面下部，出料端设置于隔板34下部并位于养殖盘17上部；分离滚筒8的筒壁上均匀分布有通孔33，转轴上沿其轴向设有螺旋叶片32；所述的电机30设置于放置仓12内上部。
所述的分离滚31下部还设有第二蒸发器36，设置于养殖盘17靠近分离滚筒31一端下部；第二蒸发器36的出液口连接生物处理层5顶部的第二喷洒管道35，进液口连接废液槽4内的滤水管15。
本实施例装置的使用方法中，步骤S2通过蒸发器14将废液槽4中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，然后通过第一喷洒管道10将加热后的渗滤液对分离滚筒31内的滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行喷洒，得到预处理残渣；步骤S3通过第二蒸发器36将废液槽4中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，并通过第二喷洒管道35喷洒至虫沙上，使虫沙的含水率控制在70%～80%，最后通过观察口1703在养殖盘17上接种黑水虻幼虫进行培养。
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：包括本体（1）、设置于本体（1）顶部的太阳能集热器（2）、物料进口（3）和太阳能电池板（24）；所述的物料进口（3）设置于本体（1）顶部一端，另一端分别设有相邻的太阳能集热器（2）和太阳能电池板（24）；所述的本体（1）内部由上而下分别为废液槽（4）、生物处理层（5）、生化净化层（6）和净化液储存槽（9）；
    所述的废液槽（4）通过滤网（28）和物料进口（3）下部通道连通；废液槽（4）内底部设有滤水管（15）和热管（16），滤水管（15）分别连接蒸发器（14）的进水口和清洗管道（20）的第一支管（21）；热管（16）与太阳能集热器（2）连接；所述的物料进口（3）位于滤网（28）下部处的通道内设有可抽出的挡板（11），挡板（11）向废液槽（4）倾斜；物料进口（3）下端与生物处理层（5）连通，并设有和本体（1）连接的放置仓（12），放置仓（12）顶面倾斜，倾斜方向和挡板（11）的倾斜方向一致，放置仓（12）内设有蒸发器（14）；
    所述的生物处理层（5）和生化净化层（6）通过养殖盘（17）进行分隔，生物处理层（5）顶部设有石英加热管（19）和第一喷洒管道（10）；所述的养殖盘（17）可从本体（1）远离物料进口（3）的一端抽出，位于物料进口（3）下部的一端架在放置仓（12）侧面上，两侧设有进气凹槽（1701），底部均匀分布有贯穿盘体的筛孔（1706），位于本体（1）的壁体一端设有观察口（1703）和把手（1704）；所述的石英加热管（19）与太阳能电池板（24）连接；所述的第一喷洒管道（10）分别连接蒸发器（14）的出水口和清洗管道（20）的第二支管（22），管体上均分布有蒸气出口；
    所述的生化净化层（6）底部为隔层（26），隔层（26）下部为净化液储存槽（9）；所述的隔层（26）一端连接进气通道（7）的壁体，另一端连接放置仓（12）的底部；隔层（26）为双层设置，中间填充有活性炭（8），上层和下层的板面上均匀分布有渗滤孔（13）；所述的进气通道（7）设于本体（1）底部边沿，顶部通过进气孔（25）与本体（1）内连通，位于本体（1）壁体一侧设有通风百叶（23）；
    所述净化液储存槽（9）远离进气通道（7）的一端设有水管（27）连接到抽水泵（18），抽水泵（18）连接清洗管道（20），清洗管道（20）上设有第一支管（21）和第二支管（22）；第一支管（21）和第二支管（22）上均设有电磁阀（29）。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：所述的本体（1）内还设有温度传感器、湿度传感器、氧气传感器和红外传感器；所述的温度传感器设置于第一喷洒管道（10）上；所述的湿度传感器设置于养殖盘（17）内；所述的氧气传感器设置于进气孔（25）处；所述的红外传感器设置于养殖盘（17）上部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：所述的养殖盘（17）底部的筛孔直径为4～5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：所述的养殖盘（17）的进气凹槽（1701）内设有贯穿盘体的进气口（1702），养殖盘（17）内设有一层格网（1705），底部设有可抽出的插板（1707）。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：所述的生物处理层（5）左右分为养殖区和分离区，通过中部的隔板（34）隔开，分离区设有分离滚筒（31）；分离滚筒（31）通过转轴连接隔板（34）和电机（30）进行转动，分离滚筒（8）的进料端设置于放置仓（12）的斜面下部，出料端设置于隔板（34）下部并位于养殖盘（17）上部；分离滚筒（8）的筒壁上均匀分布有通孔（33），转轴上沿其轴向设有螺旋叶片（32）；所述的电机（30）设置于放置仓（12）内上部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置，其特征在于：所述的分离滚筒（31）下部还设有第二蒸发器（36），设置于养殖盘（17）靠近分离滚筒（31）一端下部；第二蒸发器（36）出液口连接生物处理层（5）顶部的第二喷洒管道（35），进液口连接废液槽（4）内的滤水管（15）。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：将餐厨垃圾通过物料进口（3）倒入，通过压板将餐厨垃圾进行挤压，使渗滤液通过滤网（28）流至废液槽（4）中，得到滤水后的餐厨垃圾；然后抽出挡板（11）使滤水后的餐厨垃圾掉落到放置仓（12）的倾斜面上进入到生物处理层（5）内的养殖盘（17）中；
    S2：通过蒸发器（14）将废液槽（4）中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，然后通过第一喷洒管道（10）将加热后的渗滤液对生物处理层（5）内的滤水后的餐厨垃圾进行喷洒，得到预处理残渣；
    S3：通过养殖盘（17）的观察口（1703）将半熟肥填充在养殖盘（17）中和预处理残渣混合均匀并铺平，得到虫沙，然后通过蒸发器（14）或第二蒸发器（36）将废液槽（4）中的渗滤液进行加热至25～35℃，并通过第一喷洒管道（10）或第二喷洒管道（35）喷洒至虫沙上，使虫沙的含水率控制在70%～80%，最后通过观察口（1703）在养殖盘（17）上接种黑水虻幼虫进行培养；
    S4：打开通风百叶（23）使空气进入到生物处理层（5）中，待黑水虻幼虫培养至预蛹阶段后，打开石英加热管（19）照射24h，通过红外传感器探测养殖盘（17）上的黑水虻活虫数量，当少于10只时，抽出养殖盘（17）底部的插板（1707），使盘内的虫沙通过筛孔（1706）掉落到生化净化层（6）内，然后将盘中的黑水虻打包收集，补充新的半熟肥和黑水虻幼虫继续培养；
    S5：掉落至生化净化层（6）中的虫沙和成熟肥混合，经过成熟肥生物处理后，虫沙中的渗滤液经过隔层（26）内填充的活性炭进行进一步处理，然后滴至底层的净化液储存槽（9），净化液储存槽（9）内的净化水可通过抽水泵（18）输送至清洗管道（20）对本体（1）内部进行清洗。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述的半熟肥是餐厨垃圾和/或园林垃圾堆肥20～30天所得的；所述的成熟肥是餐厨垃圾和/或园林垃圾堆肥50～60天所得的。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的餐厨垃圾渗滤液处理装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述的生化净化层（6）的成熟肥、虫沙和活性炭的用量比为2:2:1，成熟肥和虫沙混合后的填料厚度为30～40cm。
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