WO2021134962A1 - 液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 - Google Patents

液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 Download PDF

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WO2021134962A1
WO2021134962A1 PCT/CN2020/083216 CN2020083216W WO2021134962A1 WO 2021134962 A1 WO2021134962 A1 WO 2021134962A1 CN 2020083216 W CN2020083216 W CN 2020083216W WO 2021134962 A1 WO2021134962 A1 WO 2021134962A1
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liquid crystal
carbon atoms
formula
crystal composition
group
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PCT/CN2020/083216
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙轩非
康素敏
温刚
崔青
高红茹
李吉凯
董艳丽
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石家庄诚志永华显示材料有限公司
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Priority to US17/251,620 priority Critical patent/US11555151B2/en
Publication of WO2021134962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134962A1/zh

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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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    • C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
    • C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
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    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
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    • C09K2019/3408—Five-membered ring with oxygen(s) in fused, bridged or spiro ring systems

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of liquid crystal display, and more specifically, relates to a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display element and a liquid crystal display containing the liquid crystal composition.
  • the liquid crystal display element is divided into the following modes according to the display mode: twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic (STN) mode, in-plane mode (IPS), and vertical alignment (VA) mode.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • STN super twisted nematic
  • IPS in-plane mode
  • VA vertical alignment
  • the liquid crystal medium used in the display elements of FFS mode, IPS mode, VA mode, etc. is not perfect in itself.
  • the liquid crystal material used in the display device a low driving voltage is required: the liquid crystal material has appropriate negative dielectric anisotropy Anisotropy and elastic coefficient K; 2Quick response: liquid crystal material has appropriate rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 and elastic coefficient K; 3High reliability: high charge retention rate, high specific resistance value, excellent high temperature stability and UV resistance The stability of light or conventional backlighting has strict requirements and so on.
  • LCD (liquid crystal display) product technology is getting faster and faster, the response speed of LCD products is also getting higher and higher.
  • the response speed of the liquid crystal material in the prior art is limited by the rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 /elastic constant K of the liquid crystal. Therefore, in order to achieve a fast response, it is necessary to find ways to reduce the rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 of the liquid crystal material while increasing its elastic constant K. In actual research, it is found that the rotational viscosity and the elastic constant are a pair of closely related parameters. Reducing the rotational viscosity will also cause a drop in the elastic constant, thus failing to achieve the goal of reducing the response time.
  • liquid crystal compositions that have excellent response speed and improved various display defects when applied to display devices are still expected to be obtained.
  • the liquid crystal medium used in the display element is negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal medium it has a small dielectric, slower response time, and relatively low driving voltage. Higher shortcomings. Therefore, it is desired to obtain a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal medium with an improved response time.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition with negative dielectric anisotropy, which has high optical anisotropy and low ⁇ 1 /K 33 thereby, it has an improved response time, which can increase the response speed when applied to a display device and improve the display quality.
  • liquid crystal composition with negative dielectric anisotropy which comprises:
  • the compound represented by formula I with a mass content of 1-10% is used as the first component;
  • the compound represented by formula II with a mass content of 1-20% is used as the second component;
  • One or more polymerizable compounds as the fifth component is one or more polymerizable compounds as the fifth component
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms Group, fluorine-substituted alkoxy group with 1-10 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 2-10 carbon atoms, fluorine-substituted alkenyl group with 2-10 carbon atoms, 3 to carbon atoms
  • n 0 or 1.
  • the present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display, which comprises the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure, and the liquid crystal display element is an active matrix addressing display element or a liquid crystal display or a passive matrix addressing display element or a liquid crystal display.
  • the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure has lower rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ) and low ⁇ 1 /K 33 on the basis of maintaining suitable optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n), and contains the present disclosure
  • the liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display of the present disclosure of the liquid crystal composition has a relatively fast response speed.
  • liquid crystal composition comprising: a compound represented by formula I with a mass content of 1-10% as the first component, and a compound represented by formula II with a mass content of 1-20%
  • a compound represented by formula III are used as the third component
  • three or more compounds of formula IV are used as the fourth component
  • one or more polymerizable compounds are used as the fifth component
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms Group, fluorine-substituted alkoxy group with 1-10 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 2-10 carbon atoms, fluorine-substituted alkenyl group with 2-10 carbon atoms, 3 to carbon atoms
  • n 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the aforementioned alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, and isopentyl. Base, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.
  • Examples of the aforementioned alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, and pentoxy. Group, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, etc.
  • Examples of the aforementioned alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, and 1-pentenyl. , 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, etc.
  • Examples of the group obtained by substituting any one or more unconnected CH 2 in the aforementioned C 1-10 alkyl group with cyclopentylene, cyclobutylene, or cyclopropylene include, for example, ring Pentyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl, methylcyclopentyl, methylcyclobutyl, methylcyclopentyl, etc.
  • the compound represented by formula III is preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula III-1 to III-7:
  • the compound represented by formula IV is preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula IV-1 to IV-9:
  • the aforementioned polymerizable compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of formulas RM-1 to RM-8:
  • the content of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula IV and polymerizable compound as the constituent components is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the appropriate content of each constituent component according to needs.
  • the total mass content of the components other than the polymerizable compound is 100%, and the mass content of the compound represented by formula I in the liquid crystal composition is 1-10%, preferably 5 ⁇ 8%; the mass content of the compound represented by the aforementioned formula II in the liquid crystal composition is 1-20%, preferably 15-20%; the total mass content of the compound represented by the aforementioned formula III in the liquid crystal composition is 5-40 %, preferably 16-25%; the total mass content of the compound represented by the aforementioned formula IV in the liquid crystal composition is 5-50%, preferably 10-40%; the aforementioned polymerizable compound in the total mass of the rest of the liquid crystal composition is 100% It is added on a basis, and the added mass content of the aforementioned polymerizable
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, it further comprises one or more compounds represented by formula V other than the compounds represented by formula I and formula II:
  • R 5 and R 6 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-substituted The alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the fluorine-substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms Oxy or fluorine-substituted alkenyloxy with 3-8 carbon atoms, wherein any one or more unconnected CH 2 is optionally substituted by cyclopentylene, cyclobutylene or cyclopropylene;
  • the compound represented by formula V is selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula V-1 to V-6
  • the mass content of the aforementioned one or more compounds of formula V other than the compounds of formula I and formula II in the liquid crystal composition is 0-20%, preferably 5-15%.
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, it further comprises one or more compounds represented by formula VI:
  • R 7 and R 8 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-substituted The alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the fluorine-substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms Oxy or fluorine-substituted alkenyloxy with 3-8 carbon atoms, wherein any one or more unconnected CH 2 is optionally substituted by cyclopentylene, cyclobutylene or cyclopropylene;
  • the aforementioned one or more compounds represented by formula VI are selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula VI-1 to VI-8:
  • the mass content of the compound represented by the aforementioned formula VI in the liquid crystal composition is 0-30%, preferably 5-25%;
  • various functional dopants can be added.
  • the content of the dopants preferably accounts for the mass percentage of the liquid crystal composition.
  • examples of these dopants include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and chiral agents.
  • Antioxidants can be listed,
  • t represents an integer from 1 to 10;
  • R a represents an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms
  • Z a represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more hydrogens in the alkylene group are optionally substituted by halogen, and any one or more -CH 2 -is optionally substituted by -O- ;
  • UV absorbers can be listed,
  • R b represents an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a liquid crystal display element or a liquid crystal display comprising any one of the above-mentioned liquid crystal compositions; the display element or display is an active matrix display element or display or a passive matrix display element or display.
  • the liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display is preferably an active matrix liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display.
  • the active matrix display element or display is a VA-TFT, IPS-TFT or FFS-TFT liquid crystal display element or display.
  • Cp represents the clearing point of liquid crystal (°C), measured by DSC quantitative method
  • ⁇ n represents an optical anisotropy
  • n o is the refractive index of ordinary light
  • n e of the extraordinary light refractive index of the non-test conditions of 25 ⁇ 2 °C, 589nm, Abbe refractometer test
  • the test condition is 25 ⁇ 0.5°C, 20 micron vertical box, INSTEC: ALCT-IR1 test;
  • ⁇ 1 means rotational viscosity (mPa ⁇ s), the test condition is 25 ⁇ 0.5°C, 20 micron vertical box, INSTEC: ALCT-IR1 test;
  • K 11 is the torsional elastic constant
  • K 33 is the splay elastic constant
  • the test conditions are: 25°C
  • INSTEC ALCT-IR1, 20 micron vertical box;
  • the preparation method of the liquid crystal composition is as follows: each liquid crystal monomer is weighed according to a certain ratio and then put into a stainless steel beaker, the stainless steel beaker containing each liquid crystal monomer is placed on a magnetic stirring instrument and heated and melted. After most of the liquid crystal monomer is melted, a magnetic rotor is added to the stainless steel beaker, the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the liquid crystal composition is obtained after cooling to room temperature.
  • the structures of the liquid crystal monomers in the embodiments of the present disclosure are expressed by codes, and the code expression methods of the liquid crystal ring structure, end groups, and connecting groups are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • Example 1 has a lower rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 and a lower ⁇ 1 /K 33 , and a fast-response liquid crystal display can be obtained.
  • Example 2 has a lower rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 and a lower ⁇ 1 /K 33 , and a fast-response liquid crystal display can be obtained.
  • Example 6 The PY-O4-O2 in Example 6 was replaced with Sb-CpO-O4, and the rest was the same as Example 6, which served as Comparative Example 3. Compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 6 has a lower rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 and a lower ⁇ 1 /K 33 , and a fast-response liquid crystal display can be obtained.
  • Example 7 has a lower rotational viscosity ⁇ 1 and a lower ⁇ 1 /K 33 , and a fast-response liquid crystal display can be obtained.

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Abstract

一种液晶组合物，包含一种质量含量1～10％的式I化合物作为第一组份、一种质量含量1～20％的式II化合物作为第二组分、2种以上的式III化合物作为第三组分、3种以上的式IV化合物作为第四组分以及一种或多种可聚合性化合物作为第五组分。一种包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件、液晶显示器。所述液晶组合物在维持合适的光学各项异性的基础上具有较低的旋转粘度和较低的γ 1/K 33，应用于液晶显示元件或液晶显示器时，该液晶显示器具有较快的响应速度。

Description

液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 技术领域
本公开属于液晶显示领域，更具体地，涉及液晶组合物及包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件、液晶显示器。
背景技术
液晶显示元件根据显示方式分为下列模式：扭曲向列相(TN)模式、超扭曲向列相(STN)模式、共面模式(IPS)、垂直配向(VA)模式。无论何种显示模式均需要液晶组合物有以下特性：
(1)化学、物理性质稳定；(2)粘度低；(3)具有合适的介电△ε；(4)合适的折射率△n；(5)与其他液晶化合物的互溶性好。
早期商用的TFT-LCD产品基本采用了TN显示模式，其最大问题是视角窄。随着产品尺寸的增加，特别是在TV领域的应用，具有广视野角特点的IPS显示模式、VA显示模式依次被开发出来并加以应用。
但是，FFS模式、IPS模式、VA模式等的显示元件所用的液晶介质，本身并不完美，对于显示器件所用的液晶材料，要求具有①低的驱动电压：液晶材料具有适当的负介电各向异性和弹性系数K；②快速响应：液晶材料具有适当的旋转粘度γ 1和弹性系数K；③高可靠性：高的电荷保持率，高的比电阻值，优良的耐高温稳定性及对UV光或常规的背光照明来照射的稳定性有严格要求等的特点。随着LCD(液晶显示器)产品技术更新换代越来越快，对LCD产品的响应速度要求也越来越高。现有技术液晶材料的响应速度受限于液晶的旋转粘度γ 1/弹性常数K，因此，为了实现快速响应，需要想尽方法去降低液晶材料的旋转粘度γ 1同时提升其弹性常数K。而在实际研究中发现，旋转粘度和弹性常数是一对密切联系的参数，降低旋转粘度的同时会引起弹性常数的下降，从而达不到降低响应时间的目标。
目前，应用于显示器件的响应速度优良、各种显示不良得到改善的液晶组合物仍然是人们期望获得的。尤其是VA模式等模式下，显示元件所用的液晶介质为负介电各向异性，与正介电各向异性的液晶介质相比，其存在介 电偏小、响应时间比较慢、驱动电压比较高等缺点。因此，期望获得具有提高的响应时间的负介电各向异性的液晶介质。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的至少一个问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种具有负介电各向异性的液晶组合物，其具有较高的光学各项异性、较低的γ 1/K 33从而具有改善的响应时间，由此能够提高应用于显示器件时的响应速度和改善显示品质。
为达到上述目的，本公开采用下述技术方案：
本公开提供一种具有负介电各向异性的液晶组合物，其包含：
质量含量为1～10％的式Ⅰ所示化合物作为第一组份；
质量含量为1～20％的式Ⅱ所示化合物作为第二组分；
2种以上的式Ⅲ所示化合物作为第三组分；
3种以上的式Ⅳ所示化合物作为第四组分；以及，
一种或多种可聚合性化合物作为第五组分，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000001
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000002
表示1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚苯基；
n表示0或1。
本公开还提供一种液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其包含本公开的液晶组合物，所述液晶显示元件为有源矩阵寻址显示元件或液晶显示器或者无源矩阵寻址显示元件或液晶显示器。
发明效果
与现有技术相比，本公开的液晶组合物在维持合适的光学各项异性(Δn)的基础上具有较低的旋转粘度(γ 1)以及低的γ 1/K 33，含有本公开的液晶组合物的本公开的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器具有较快的响应速度。
具体实施方式
本公开一方面提供一种液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包含：质量含量为1～10％的式Ⅰ所示化合物作为第一组份、质量含量为1～20％的式Ⅱ所示化合物作为第二组分、2种以上的式Ⅲ所示化合物作为第三组分、3种以上的式Ⅳ所示化合物作为第四组分以及一种或多种可聚合性化合物作为第五组分，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000003
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000004
表示1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚苯基；
n表示0或1。
作为前述碳原子数为1～10的烷基，可以列举出例如，甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基等。
作为前述的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基，可以列举出例如，甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基等。
作为前述碳原子数为2～10的链烯基，可以列举出例如，乙烯基、1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基等。
作为前述碳原子数为1～10的烷基中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代得到的基团，可以列举出例如，环戊基、环丁基、环丙基、甲基环戊基、甲基环丁基、甲基环戊基等。
本公开的液晶组合物的一个实施方式中，前述式Ⅲ所示的化合物优选选自式Ⅲ-1～Ⅲ-7所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000006
本公开的液晶组合物的另一个实施方式中，前述式Ⅳ所示的化合物优选选自式Ⅳ-1～Ⅳ-9所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000007
本公开的液晶组合物的又一个实施方式中，前述的可聚合化合物优选选自式RM-1至RM-8组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000008
本公开的液晶组合物中，作为组成成分的式I、式II、式III、式IV以及可 聚合化合物的含量没有特别的限制，本领域技术人员能够根据需要选择各组成成分的合适的含量。优选地，本发明的液晶组合物中，以可聚合化合物之外的成分的质量含量总和为100％，前述式Ⅰ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量含量为1～10％，优选为5～8％；前述式Ⅱ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量含量为1～20％，优选为15～20％；前述式Ⅲ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的总质量含量为5～40％，优选为16～25％；前述式Ⅳ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的总质量含量为5～50％，优选为10～40％；前述可聚合化合物在其余液晶总质量为100％的基础上进行添加，前述可聚合化合物的添加质量含量可以为例如0.01～1％，优选为0.03～0.2％。
本公开的液晶组合物的再一实施方式中，优选地，还包含一种或多种除式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ所示化合物之外的式Ⅴ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000009
其中，R 5、R 6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000010
各自独立地表示1,4-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己烯基或1,4-亚苯基。
优选地，前述式Ⅴ所示的化合物选自式Ⅴ-1～Ⅴ-6所示的化合物组成的组
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000012
优选地，前述一种或多种除式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ所示化合物之外的式Ⅴ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量含量为0～20％，优选为5～15％。
本公开的液晶组合物的再一实施方式中，优选地，还包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000013
其中，R 7、R 8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000014
表示1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚苯基。
优选地，前述一种或多种式Ⅵ所示的化合物选自式Ⅵ-1～Ⅵ-8所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000016
优选地，前述式Ⅵ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量含量为0～30％，优选为5～25％；
本公开的液晶组合物中，可选的，还可以加入各种功能的掺杂剂，在含有掺杂剂的情况下，掺杂剂的含量优选在液晶组合物中所占的质量百分比可以为例如0.01～1.5％，这些掺杂剂可以列举出例如抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、手性剂。
抗氧化剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000017
t表示1～10的整数；
手性剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000018
R a表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基；
光稳定剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000019
Z a表示碳数为1～20的亚烷基，所述亚烷基中任意的一个或多个氢任选被卤素取代，任意的一个或多个-CH 2-任选被-O-取代；
紫外线吸收剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000020
R b表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基。
[液晶显示元件或液晶显示器]
本公开还涉及包含上述任意一种液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器；所述显示元件或显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器或无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
优选地，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器优选为有源矩阵液晶显示元件或液晶显示器。
优选地，所述有源矩阵显示元件或显示器为VA-TFT、IPS-TFT或FFS-TFT液晶显示元件或显示器。
实施例
为了更清楚地说明本公开，下面结合优选实施例对本公开做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本公开的保护范围。
本说明书中，如无特殊说明，百分比均是指质量百分比，温度为摄氏度(℃)，其他符号的具体意义及测试条件如下：
Cp表示液晶清亮点(℃)，DSC定量法测试；
Δn表示光学各向异性，n o为寻常光的折射率，n e为非寻常光的折射率，测试条件为25±2℃，589nm，阿贝折射仪测试；
Δε表示介电各向异性，Δε＝ε ∥-ε ⊥，其中，ε ∥为平行于分子轴的介电常数，ε ⊥为垂直于分子轴的介电常数，测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米垂直盒，INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
γ 1表示旋转粘度(mPa·s),测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米垂直盒，INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
K 11为扭曲弹性常数，K 33为展曲弹性常数，测试条件为：25℃、INSTEC:ALCT-IR1、20微米垂直盒；
液晶组合物的制备方法如下：将各液晶单体按照一定配比称量后放入不锈钢烧杯中，将装有各液晶单体的不锈钢烧杯置于磁力搅拌仪器上加热融化，待不锈钢烧杯中的液晶单体大部份融化后，往不锈钢烧杯中加入磁力转子，将混合物搅拌均匀，冷却到室温后即得液晶组合物。
本公开实施例液晶单体结构用代码表示，液晶环结构、端基、连接基团的代码表示方法见下表1、表2。
表1环结构的对应代码
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000022
表2端基与链接基团的对应代码
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000023
举例：
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000024
其代码为CC-Cp-V1；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000025
其代码为CPY-2-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000026
其代码为CCY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000027
其代码为COY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000028
其代码为CCOY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000029
其代码为Sb-CpO-O4；
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000030
其代码为Sc-CpO-O4。
实施例1
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表3所示。
表3实施例1液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000032
实施例2
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表4所示。
表4实施例2液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000034
实施例3
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表5所示。
表5实施例3液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000036
实施例4
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表6所示。
表6实施例4液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000038
实施例5
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表7所示。
表7实施例5液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000040
实施例6
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表8所示。
表8实施例6液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000042
实施例7
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表9所示。
表9实施例7液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000043
实施例8
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表10所示。
表10实施例8液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000044
对比例1
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表11所示。
表11对比例1液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000046
将实施例1中的CC-3-V替换为CC-5-V，CCY-3-O2替换为CCOY-3-O2，其余与实施例1相同，作为对比例1。与对比例1相比，实施例1具有较低的旋转粘度γ 1以及较低的γ 1/K 33，能够获得快速响应的液晶显示器。
对比例2
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表12所示。
表12对比例2液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000048
将实施例2中的PY-3-O2、PY-O2-O2替换为Sb-CpO-O4、Sc-CpO-O4其余与实施例2相同，作为对比例2。与对比例2相比，实施例2具有较低的旋转粘度γ 1以及较低的γ 1/K 33，能够获得快速响应的液晶显示器。
对比例3
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表13所示。
表13对比例3液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000050
将实施例6中的PY-O4-O2替换为Sb-CpO-O4其余与实施例6相同，作为对比例3。与对比例3相比，实施例6具有较低的旋转粘度γ 1以及较低的γ 1/K 33，能够获得快速响应的液晶显示器。
对比例4
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表14所示。
表14对比例4液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000051
Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-000052
将实施例7中的PY-O4-O2、CPY-3-O2分别替换为Sc-CpO-O4和CCOY-3-O2，其余与实施例7相同，作为对比例4。与对比例4相比，实施例7具有较低的旋转粘度γ 1以及较低的γ 1/K 33，能够获得快速响应的液晶显示器。
显然，本公开的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本公开所作的举例，而并非是对本公开的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本公开的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本公开的保护范围之列。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有负介电各向异性的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物包含：
    质量含量为1～10％的式Ⅰ所示化合物作为第一组份；
    质量含量为1～20％的式Ⅱ所示化合物作为第二组分；
    2种以上的式Ⅲ所示化合物作为第三组分；
    3种以上的式Ⅳ所示化合物作为第四组分；以及，
    一种或多种可聚合性化合物作为第五组分，
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100001
    其中，
    R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100002
    表示1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚苯基；
    n表示0或1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅰ所示化合物的质量含量为5～8％，所述式Ⅱ所示化合物的质量含量为15～20％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅲ所示的化合物选自式Ⅲ-1～Ⅲ-7所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100003
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅳ所示的化合物选自式Ⅳ-1～Ⅳ-9所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100005
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种除式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ所示化合物之外的式Ⅴ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100006
    其中，R 5、R 6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100007
    各自独立地表示1,4-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己烯基或1,4-亚苯基。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅴ所示的化合物选自式Ⅴ-1～Ⅴ-6所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100009
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100010
    其中，R 7、R 8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2～10的链烯基、碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3～8的链烯氧基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的CH 2任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100011
    表示1,4-亚环己基或1,4-亚苯基。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅵ所示的化合物选自式Ⅵ-1～Ⅵ-8所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2020083216-appb-100013
  9. 一种液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，包含权利要求1～8的任一项所述的液晶组合物，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵寻址显示元件或显示器，或者无源矩阵寻址显示元件或显示器。
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