WO2021134963A1 - 液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 - Google Patents

液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 Download PDF

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WO2021134963A1
WO2021134963A1 PCT/CN2020/083218 CN2020083218W WO2021134963A1 WO 2021134963 A1 WO2021134963 A1 WO 2021134963A1 CN 2020083218 W CN2020083218 W CN 2020083218W WO 2021134963 A1 WO2021134963 A1 WO 2021134963A1
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liquid crystal
crystal composition
carbon atoms
formula
group
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French (fr)
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张伟
康素敏
王小龙
乔云霞
崔青
温刚
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石家庄诚志永华显示材料有限公司
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Priority to US17/251,041 priority Critical patent/US11441072B2/en
Publication of WO2021134963A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134963A1/zh

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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
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    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3491—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having sulfur as hetero atom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/122—Ph-Ph
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
    • C09K2019/123—Ph-Ph-Ph
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
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    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K2019/3016—Cy-Ph-Ph
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    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
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    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
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    • C09K2019/3408—Five-membered ring with oxygen(s) in fused, bridged or spiro ring systems

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of liquid crystal display, and more specifically, relates to a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display element and a liquid crystal display containing the liquid crystal composition.
  • the liquid crystal display element is divided into the following modes according to the display mode: twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic (STN) mode, in-plane mode (IPS), and vertical alignment (VA) mode.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • STN super twisted nematic
  • IPS in-plane mode
  • VA vertical alignment
  • liquid crystal medium used in FFS mode, IPS mode, VA mode and other display elements is not perfect in itself.
  • the liquid crystal material has appropriate negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • a liquid crystal display element containing a liquid crystal composition with a large absolute value of dielectric anisotropy can lower the base voltage value, lower the driving voltage, and further reduce the power consumption.
  • the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal composition with a lower threshold voltage can effectively reduce the power consumption of the display, especially in consumables, such as mobile phones, tablet computers and other portable electronic products, which have a longer battery life.
  • the inventors have conducted in-depth studies and found that the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure has high dielectric anisotropy, high K value, and low rotational viscosity, thereby completing the present disclosure .
  • liquid crystal composition which comprises a compound represented by formula I, a compound represented by formula II, two or more compounds represented by formula III, one or more compounds represented by formula IV,
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and one having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Alkoxy or fluorine-substituted alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure effectively controls the growth of the rotational viscosity of the composition while increasing the dielectric anisotropy and K value of the composition, and realizes that the composition has high dielectric anisotropy, high K value and low rotational viscosity Characteristics.
  • the present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure, and the liquid crystal display element is an active matrix addressing display element or a passive matrix addressing display element.
  • the present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal display, which includes the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure, and the liquid crystal display is an active matrix addressing display or a passive matrix addressing display.
  • the liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure includes a compound represented by formula I, a compound represented by formula II, two or more compounds represented by formula III, and one or more compounds represented by formula IV:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and one having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Alkoxy or fluorine-substituted alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure has high dielectric anisotropy, high K value, and low rotational viscosity, and can reduce the threshold voltage and response time of the liquid crystal composition.
  • Examples of the aforementioned alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, and isoamyl. Base and so on.
  • alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.
  • fluorine substitution in the aforementioned fluorine-substituted alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms and fluorine-substituted alkoxy group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be mono-fluorine substitution, difluorine substitution, or trifluorine substitution. Such polyfluorine substitution may also be perfluorinated substitution, and the number of fluorine substitutions is not particularly limited.
  • examples of fluorine-substituted alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1 ,2-Difluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, etc. but not limited thereto.
  • the compound represented by the aforementioned formula III is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulas III-1 to III-9:
  • the aforementioned compound represented by Formula III has negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the driving voltage of the liquid crystal composition can be adjusted.
  • the compound represented by the aforementioned formula IV is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulas IV-1 to IV-6:
  • R 31 and R 41 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the aforementioned compound represented by formula IV has negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the driving voltage of the liquid crystal composition can be adjusted.
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further comprises one or more compounds represented by formula V:
  • R 5 and R 6 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition can be increased and the clearing point of the liquid crystal composition can be improved.
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further comprises one or more compounds represented by formula VI:
  • R 7 and R 8 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • X 1 and Y 1 each independently represent H or F.
  • the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition can be increased and the clearing point of the liquid crystal composition can be improved.
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further contains one or more compounds represented by formula VII:
  • R 9 and R 10 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition can be increased to match a lower cell thickness, thereby achieving a faster response speed.
  • the compound represented by the aforementioned formula VII is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulas VII-1 to VII-7:
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further contains one or more compounds represented by formula VIII:
  • R 11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, any one or more of which are not connected- CH 2 -is optionally substituted by cyclopentylene, cyclobutylene or cyclopropylene;
  • R 12 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • W represents O or S.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition can be increased and the response speed of the liquid crystal composition can be improved.
  • the compound represented by the aforementioned formula VIII is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulas VIII-1 to VIII-9:
  • W represents O or S.
  • liquid crystal composition of the present disclosure preferably, the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further contains one or more compounds represented by formula IX:
  • R 13 and R 14 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • X 2 represents H or F.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition can be increased, and the clearing point of the liquid crystal composition can be improved.
  • the compound represented by the aforementioned formula IX is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulas IX-1 to IX-3:
  • R 13 and R 14 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the aforementioned liquid crystal composition further contains one or more compounds represented by formula X in addition to the compounds represented by formula I and formula II:
  • R 15 and R 16 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;
  • the response speed of the liquid crystal composition can be improved.
  • the aforementioned compounds represented by formula X other than the compounds represented by formula I and formula II are selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulas X-1 to X-8:
  • the addition amount (mass ratio) of the compound represented by formula I in the liquid crystal composition is 1-50%, preferably 20-45%; the addition of the compound represented by formula II in the liquid crystal composition
  • the amount (mass ratio) is 1-20%, preferably 1-15%;
  • the addition amount (mass ratio) of the compound shown in formula III in the liquid crystal composition is 1-30%, preferably 5-18%;
  • formula IV The addition amount (mass ratio) of the compound shown in the liquid crystal composition is 1-45%, preferably 5-30%;
  • the addition amount (mass ratio) of the compound shown in formula V in the liquid crystal composition is 0-25% , Preferably 3-15%;
  • the addition amount (mass ratio) of the compound represented by formula VI in the liquid crystal composition is 0-10%, preferably 1-15%;
  • the addition of the compound represented by formula VII in the liquid crystal composition The amount (mass ratio) is 0-30%, preferably 5-20%;
  • various functional dopants can be added.
  • the content of the dopant preferably accounts for 0.01 mass percentage in the liquid crystal composition. ⁇ 1.5%.
  • these dopants include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and chiral agents.
  • Antioxidants can be listed,
  • t represents an integer from 1 to 10;
  • R represents an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms
  • Z 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, any one or more hydrogen in the alkylene group is optionally substituted by halogen, and any one or more -CH 2 -is optionally substituted by -O- ;
  • UV absorbers can be listed,
  • R represents an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a liquid crystal display element or a liquid crystal display comprising any one of the above-mentioned liquid crystal compositions; the display element or display is an active matrix display element or display or a passive matrix display element or display.
  • the liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display is preferably an active matrix liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display.
  • the active matrix display element or display is an IPS-TFT, FFS-TFT, or VA-TFT liquid crystal display element or display.
  • the liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display containing the aforementioned compound or liquid crystal composition has a lower threshold voltage and a faster response speed.
  • Cp represents the clearing point of liquid crystal (°C), measured by DSC quantitative method
  • ⁇ n represents an optical anisotropy
  • n o is the refractive index of ordinary light
  • n e of the extraordinary light refractive index of the non-test conditions of 25 ⁇ 2 °C, 589nm, Abbe refractometer test
  • the test condition is 25 ⁇ 0.5°C, 20 micron parallel box, INSTEC: ALCT-IR1 test;
  • ⁇ 1 means rotational viscosity (mPa ⁇ s), the test condition is 25 ⁇ 0.5°C, 20 micron parallel box, INSTEC: ALCT-IR1 test;
  • K 11 is the torsional elastic constant
  • K 33 is the splay elastic constant
  • the test conditions are: 25°C
  • INSTEC ALCT-IR1, 20 micron parallel box;
  • the preparation method of the liquid crystal composition is as follows: each liquid crystal monomer is weighed according to a certain ratio and then put into a stainless steel beaker, the stainless steel beaker containing each liquid crystal monomer is placed on a magnetic stirring instrument and heated and melted. After most of the liquid crystal monomer is melted, a magnetic rotor is added to the stainless steel beaker, the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the liquid crystal composition is obtained after cooling to room temperature.
  • the structures of the liquid crystal monomers in the embodiments of the present disclosure are expressed by codes, and the code expression methods of the liquid crystal ring structure, end groups, and connecting groups are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • Example 2 of the present invention has appropriate clearing point (Cp), optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n), and at the same time has large dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ), rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ) Lower and higher elastic constant (K), which can be used to develop liquid crystal displays with low threshold voltage and fast response.
  • Example 3 CLY-based monomers such as CLY-3-O2 were replaced with CCY-based monomers such as CCY-3-O2, as Comparative Example 2, and the clearing point of Comparative Example 2 was adjusted to be the same as Example 3.
  • the liquid crystal composition of Example 3 of the present invention has an appropriate clearing point (Cp), and has a larger dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ), a lower rotational viscosity, a higher elastic constant K, and various optical properties.
  • the anisotropy ( ⁇ n) is higher and can be used to develop low-threshold voltage, fast-response liquid crystal displays.
  • Example 4 The COY-3-O2 in Example 4 was replaced with CY-3-O2, and the rest was the same as Example 4, which served as Comparative Example 3.
  • the liquid crystal composition of Example 4 of the present invention has appropriate optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n), clearing point (Cp), higher dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ), and lower rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ), elastic constant (K) value is larger, can be used to develop low threshold voltage, fast response liquid crystal display.
  • Example 5 The CLY-3-O2 and CLY-4-O2 in Example 5 were replaced with CLY-1V-O2, CLY-V2-O2, and the rest were the same as in Example 5, which served as Comparative Example 4.
  • the liquid crystal composition of Example 5 of the present invention has appropriate optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n), clearing point (Cp), higher dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ), and lower rotational viscosity ( ⁇ 1 ), the elastic constant (K) is larger, and it can be used to develop a low threshold voltage, fast response liquid crystal display.

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Abstract

提供一种介电负性的液晶组合物，包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件、液晶显示器，属于液晶显示领域。所述液晶组合物包含式Ⅰ所示化合物、式Ⅱ所示化合物、两种以上的式Ⅲ所表示的化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅳ所表示的化合物，所述液晶组合物具有高的介电各向异性，高的弹性常数K，低旋转粘度，可以用于开发大介电、快速响应的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器。

Description

液晶组合物、液晶显示元件、液晶显示器 技术领域
本公开属于液晶显示领域，更具体地，涉及液晶组合物及包含该液晶组合物的液晶显示元件、液晶显示器。
背景技术
液晶显示元件根据显示方式分为下列模式：扭曲向列相(TN)模式、超扭曲向列相(STN)模式、共面模式(IPS)、垂直配向(VA)模式。无论何种显示模式均需要液晶组合物有以下特性：
(1)化学、物理性质稳定；(2)粘度低；(3)具有合适的介电△ε；(4)合适的折射率△n；(5)与其他液晶化合物的互溶性好。
早期商用的TFT-LCD产品基本采用了TN显示模式，其最大问题是视角窄。随着产品尺寸的增加，特别是在TV领域的应用，具有广视野角特点的IPS显示模式、VA显示模式依次被开发出来并加以应用。
另外，FFS模式、IPS模式、VA模式等的显示元件所用的液晶介质，本身并不完美，对于显示器件所用的液晶材料，要求具有①低的驱动电压：液晶材料具有适当的负介电各向异性和弹性系数K；②快速响应：液晶材料具有适当的旋转粘度γ1和弹性系数K；③高可靠性：高的电荷保持率，高的比电阻值，优良的耐高温稳定性及对UV光或常规的背光照明来照射的稳定性有严格要求等的特点。
含有介电各向异性的绝对值大的液晶组合物的液晶显示元件能够降低基础电压值、降低驱动电压，并能进一步降低消耗电功率。较低阈值电压的液晶组合物的液晶显示元件能够有效的降低显示的功耗，特别是在消耗品，类似手机，平板电脑等便携式电子产品有更长的续航时间。
同时随着LCD产品技术更新速度越来越快，对LCD产品的响应速度要求也越来越高，除了器件厂商通过降低盒厚d来提升响应速度外，实际应用中，我们的液晶材料的响应速度也需要得到更高的提升。现有技术液晶材料的响应速度受限于液晶的旋转粘度γ1/弹性常数K，因此，需要想尽方法去降低液晶 介质的旋转粘度γ1同时提升弹性常数K来达到加快响应时间。而在实际研究中发现，旋转粘度和弹性常数是一对较为矛盾的参数，降低旋转粘度的同时会引起弹性常数的下降，达不到降低响应时间的目标。因此，开发更快的响应速度的液晶组合物就成了比较棘手的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述存在的至少一个问题，本发明人等进行了深入研究后发现，本公开的液晶组合物具有高的介电各向异性，高的K值、低的旋转粘度，从而完成了本公开。
为达到上述目的，本公开采用下述技术方案：
本公开提供液晶组合物，其中包含式Ⅰ所示化合物、式Ⅱ所示化合物、两种以上的式Ⅲ所表示的化合物、一种或多种式Ⅳ所表示的化合物，
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000001
其中，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基；
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
m表示1或2。
本公开的液晶组合物在提升组合物的介电各向异性和K值的同时有效控制了组合物旋转粘度的增长，实现了组合物具有高介电各向异性，高K值及低 旋转粘度的特性。
本公开还提供液晶显示元件，其包含本公开的液晶组合物，所述液晶显示元件为有源矩阵寻址显示元件或者无源矩阵寻址显示元件。
本公开还提供液晶显示器，其包含本公开的液晶组合物，所述液晶显示器为有源矩阵寻址显示器或者无源矩阵寻址显示器。
具体实施方式
[液晶组合物]
本公开的液晶组合物包含式Ⅰ所示化合物、式Ⅱ所示化合物、两种以上的式Ⅲ所表示的化合物、一种或多种式Ⅳ所表示的化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000002
其中，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基；
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
m表示1或2。
本公开的技术方案具有高介电各向异性、高K值、低旋转粘度，能够降低液晶组合物的阈值电压、响应时间。
作为前述碳原子数为1～5的烷基，可以列举出例如，甲基、乙基、正丙基、 异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基等。
作为前述碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，可以列举出例如，甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等。
前述的氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基中的“氟取代”可以是单氟取代，或者二氟取代、三氟取代等多氟取代，也可以是全氟取代，对氟的取代数没有特别的限定。例如，作为氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷基，可以列举出氟代甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟代乙基、2-氟代乙基、1,2-二氟乙基、1,1-二氟乙基以及三氟甲氧基等但不限于此。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述式Ⅲ所示的化合物选自下述式Ⅲ-1至Ⅲ-9所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000004
前述的式Ⅲ所示化合物具有负介电各项异性，通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅲ所示化合物，可以调节液晶组合物的驱动电压。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述式Ⅳ所示的化合物选自下述式Ⅳ-1至Ⅳ-6所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000005
其中，R 31、R 41各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基或碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基。
前述的式Ⅳ所示化合物具有负介电各项异性，通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅳ所示化合物，可以调节液晶组合物的驱动电压。
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000006
其中，R 5、R 6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000007
表示
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000008
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅴ所示化合物，能够增大液晶组合物的光学各向异性和提高液晶组合物的清亮点。
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000009
其中，R 7、R 8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
X 1、Y 1各自独立地表示H或F。
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅵ所示化合物，能够增大液晶组合物的光学各向异性和提高液晶组合物的清亮点。
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅶ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000010
其中，R 9、R 10各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基。
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅶ所示化合物，能够增大液晶组合物的光学各向异性以搭配更低的盒厚，从而达到更快的响应速度。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述式Ⅶ所示化合物选自下述式Ⅶ-1 至Ⅶ-7所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000011
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅷ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000012
其中，R 11表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
R 12表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
W表示O或S。
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅷ所示化合物，能够增大液晶组合物的介电各向异性和提升液晶组合物的响应速度。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述式Ⅷ所示化合物选自下述式Ⅷ-1至Ⅷ-9所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000013
W表示O或S。
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅸ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000014
其中，R 13、R 14各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000015
表示
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000016
X 2表示H或F。
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅸ所示化合物，能够增大液晶组合物的介电各向异性，提升液晶组合物的清亮点。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述式Ⅸ所示化合物选自下述式Ⅸ-1至Ⅸ-3所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000017
其中，R 13、R 14各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基。
本公开的液晶组合物，优选地，前述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种除所述式Ⅰ、式Ⅱ所示化合物之外的式Ⅹ所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000018
其中，R 15、R 16各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000019
各自独立地表示
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000020
通过在本公开的液晶组合物中含有式Ⅹ所示化合物，能够提升液晶组合物的响应速度。
本公开的液晶组合物中，优选地，前述除式Ⅰ、式Ⅱ所示化合物之外的式Ⅹ所示化合物选自下述式Ⅹ-1至Ⅹ-8所示的化合物组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000021
本公开的液晶组合物中，式Ⅰ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为1-50％，优选为20-45％；式Ⅱ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为1-20％，优选为1-15％；式Ⅲ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为1-30％，优选为5-18％；式Ⅳ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为1-45％，优选为5-30％；式Ⅴ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为0-25％，优选为3-15％；式Ⅵ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质 量比)为0-10％，优选为1-15％；式Ⅶ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为0-30％，优选为5-20％；式Ⅷ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为0-30％，优选为5-20％；式Ⅸ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为0-15％，优选为3-10％；式Ⅹ所示化合物在液晶组合物中的添加量(质量比)为0-45％，优选为0-20％；。
本公开的液晶组合物中，可选的，还可以加入各种功能的掺杂剂，在含有掺杂剂的情况下，掺杂剂的含量优选在液晶组合物中所占的质量百分比为0.01～1.5％，这些掺杂剂可以列举出例如抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、手性剂。
抗氧化剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000022
t表示1～10的整数；
手性剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000023
R表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基；
光稳定剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000024
Z 1表示碳数为1～20的亚烷基，所述亚烷基中任意的一个或多个氢任选被卤素取代，任意的一个或多个-CH 2-任选被-O-取代；
紫外线吸收剂可以列举出，
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000025
R表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基。
[液晶显示元件或液晶显示器]
本公开还涉及包含上述任意一种液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器；所述显示元件或显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器或无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
可选的，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器优选有源矩阵液晶显示元件或液晶显示器。
可选的，所述有源矩阵显示元件或显示器为IPS-TFT、FFS-TFT、VA-TFT液晶显示元件或显示器。
包含前述的化合物或液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，具有较低的阈值电压、较快的响应速度。
实施例
为了更清楚地说明本公开，下面结合优选实施例对本公开做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本公开的保护范围。
本说明书中，如无特殊说明，百分比均是指质量百分比，温度为摄氏度(℃)，其他符号的具体意义及测试条件如下：
Cp表示液晶清亮点(℃)，DSC定量法测试；
Δn表示光学各向异性，n o为寻常光的折射率，n e为非寻常光的折射率，测试条件为25±2℃，589nm，阿贝折射仪测试；
Δε表示介电各向异性，Δε＝ε ∥-ε ⊥，其中，ε ∥为平行于分子轴的介电常数，ε ⊥为垂直于分子轴的介电常数，测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米平行盒，INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
γ 1表示旋转粘度(mPa·s),测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米平行盒， INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
K 11为扭曲弹性常数，K 33为展曲弹性常数，测试条件为：25℃、INSTEC:ALCT-IR1、20微米平行盒；
液晶组合物的制备方法如下：将各液晶单体按照一定配比称量后放入不锈钢烧杯中，将装有各液晶单体的不锈钢烧杯置于磁力搅拌仪器上加热融化，待不锈钢烧杯中的液晶单体大部份融化后，往不锈钢烧杯中加入磁力转子，将混合物搅拌均匀，冷却到室温后即得液晶组合物。
本公开实施例液晶单体结构用代码表示，液晶环结构、端基、连接基团的代码表示方法见下表1、表2。
表1环结构的对应代码
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000026
表2端基与链接基团的对应代码
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000028
举例：
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000029
其代码为CC-Cp-V1；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000030
其代码为CPY-2-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000031
其代码为CCY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000032
其代码为COY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000033
其代码为CCOY-3-O2；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000034
其代码为Sb-CpO-O4；
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000035
其代码为Sc-CpO-O4。
实施例1
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表3所示。
表3实施例1液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000037
实施例2
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表4所示。
表4实施例2液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000039
对比例1
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表5所示。
表5对比例1液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000041
将实施例2中的CC-3-V1替换为CC-3-2，作为对比例1，并将对比例1清亮点调至与实施例2相同。与对比例1相比，本发明实施例2的液晶组合物具有适当的清亮点(Cp)、光学各向异性(Δn)，同时具有大的介电各向异性(Δε)、旋转粘度(γ 1)更低、弹性常数(K)更高，可以用于开发低阈值电压、快速响应的液晶显示器。
实施例3
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表6所示。
表6实施例3液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000043
对比例2
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表7所示。
表7对比例2液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000045
将实施例3中的CLY-3-O2等CLY类单体替换为CCY-3-O2等CCY类单体，作为对比例2，并将对比例2清亮点调至与实施例3相同。与对比例2相比，本发明实施例3的液晶组合物具有适当的清亮点(Cp)，且介电各向异性(Δε)更大、旋转粘度更低、弹性常数K更高、光学各向异性(Δn)更高，可以用于开发低阈值电压、快速响应液晶显示器。
实施例4
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表8所示。
表8实施例4液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000047
对比例3
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表9所示。
表9对比例3液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000049
将实施例4中的COY-3-O2替换为CY-3-O2，其余与实施例4相同，作为对比例3。与对比例3相比，本发明实施例4的液晶组合物具有适当的光学各向异性(Δn)、清亮点(Cp)，且介电各向异性(Δε)更高、旋转粘度更低(γ 1)、弹性常数(K)值更大，可以用于开发低阈值电压、快速响应的液晶显示器。
实施例5
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表10所示。
表10实施例5液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000051
对比例4
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表11所示。
表11对比例4液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000053
将实施例5中的CLY-3-O2、CLY-4-O2替换为CLY-1V-O2、CLY-V2-O2，其余与实施例5相同，作为对比例4。与对比例4相比，本发明实施例5的液晶组合物具有适当的光学各向异性(Δn)、清亮点(Cp)，且介电各向异性(Δε)更高、旋转粘度更低(γ 1)、弹性常数(K)更大，可以用于开发低阈值电压、快速响应的液晶显示器。
实施例6
液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能如下表12所示。
表12实施例6液晶组合物的配方及相应的性能
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000054
Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-000055
显然，本公开的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本公开所作的举例，而并非是对本公开的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本公开的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本公开的保护范围之列。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种介电负性的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物包含式Ⅰ所示的化合物、式Ⅱ所示的化合物、两种以上的式Ⅲ所示的化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅳ所示的化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100001
    其中，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基；
    R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
    m表示1或2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅲ所示的化合物选自式Ⅲ-1至Ⅲ-9所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100003
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述式Ⅳ所示的化合物选自式Ⅳ-1至Ⅳ-6所示的化合物组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100004
    其中，R 31、R 41各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基或碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100005
    其中，R 5、R 6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100006
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100007
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅵ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100008
    其中，R 7、R 8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
    X 1、Y 1各自独立地表示H或F。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅶ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100009
    其中，R 9、R 10各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅷ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100010
    其中，R 11表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基，其中任意一个或多个不相连的-CH 2-任选被亚环戊基、亚环丁基或亚环丙基取代；
    R 12表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为 2～5的链烯基；
    W表示O或S。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅸ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100011
    其中，R 13、R 14各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100012
    表示
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100013
    X 2表示H或F。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种除式Ⅰ、式Ⅱ所示化合物以外的式Ⅹ所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100014
    其中，R 15、R 16各自独立地表示碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2～5的链烯基；
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100015
    各自独立地表示
    Figure PCTCN2020083218-appb-100016
  10. 一种液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，包含权利要求1～9的任一项所述的液晶组合物，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵寻址显示元件或显示器，或者无源矩阵寻址显示元件或显示器。
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