WO2021134643A1 - 云台的控制方法和云台 - Google Patents

云台的控制方法和云台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134643A1
WO2021134643A1 PCT/CN2019/130860 CN2019130860W WO2021134643A1 WO 2021134643 A1 WO2021134643 A1 WO 2021134643A1 CN 2019130860 W CN2019130860 W CN 2019130860W WO 2021134643 A1 WO2021134643 A1 WO 2021134643A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
pan
shooting
tilt
posture
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PCT/CN2019/130860
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林荣华
苏铁
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201980091847.6A priority Critical patent/CN113424126A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/130860 priority patent/WO2021134643A1/zh
Publication of WO2021134643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134643A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M13/00Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D3/00Control of position or direction
    • G05D3/10Control of position or direction without using feedback

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of pan-tilt, and in particular to a method for controlling a pan-tilt and a pan-tilt.
  • pan-tilts are based on mechanical structures to switch between horizontal and vertical shooting.
  • the camera is mounted on the pan-tilt through a rotatable bracket, and the horizontal and vertical shooting can be switched by manually rotating the rotatable bracket.
  • This kind of design needs to increase the mechanical structure, increase the design/manufacturing cost, and has the problem of inconvenience in operation.
  • some PTZ adopts different structural parts (such as ordinary quick-release plate and L-shaped quick-release structural parts) to install the shooting device to realize horizontal and vertical shooting respectively, and use different structural parts to install the shooting device to realize the switching between horizontal and vertical shooting. It is necessary to reload and unload, level, adjust parameters and other operations.
  • the three-axis gimbal includes an outer frame, a middle frame and an inner frame.
  • the camera is fixed on the inner frame.
  • the rotation of the outer frame, middle frame and inner frame realizes the switching between horizontal and vertical shooting.
  • switching between horizontal and vertical shooting will cause the rotation axes of the two motors to overlap.
  • the axes of the pitch axis motor and the yaw axis motor overlap, causing the gimbal to lock up, and the three-axis gimbal will only be locked.
  • Stabilization can be carried out in two directions, which in turn leads to a decrease in stabilization performance, even jitter, and unevenness.
  • This application provides a method for controlling a pan-tilt and a pan-tilt.
  • a method for controlling a pan/tilt the pan/tilt is equipped with a photographing device, and the pan/tilt is configured to rotate around at least two axes, and the method includes:
  • the control instruction of the pan/tilt is switched so that the pan/tilt maintains the original degree of freedom of rotation after the mode is switched, and the control instruction is determined according to the Euler angle rotation sequence of the photographing device;
  • the first shooting mode includes one of shooting in a first orientation and shooting in a second orientation
  • the second shooting mode includes shooting in the first orientation and shooting in the second orientation.
  • a pan-tilt including:
  • a shaft assembly provided on the base, the shaft assembly is used to mount a photographing device, and the shaft assembly is configured to rotate about at least two shafts;
  • a controller the controller is electrically connected to the pan-tilt, and the controller is used for:
  • the control instruction of the pan/tilt is switched so that the pan/tilt maintains the original degree of freedom of rotation after the mode is switched, and the control instruction is determined according to the Euler angle rotation sequence of the photographing device;
  • the first shooting mode includes one of shooting in a first orientation and shooting in a second orientation
  • the second shooting mode includes shooting in the first orientation and shooting in the second orientation.
  • the pan/tilt of the present application receives a switching instruction instructing the shooting device to switch from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode, and before switching the shooting device to the second shooting mode , Switch the control instruction of the pan/tilt, that is, change the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera after the mode switch, so that the pan/tilt maintains the original degree of freedom of rotation after the mode switch, which solves the problem of the existing pan/tilt caused by the mode switch.
  • the problem of joint locking makes it possible to switch smoothly between the two modes, which improves the user experience and avoids the impact and jitter of the mode switching process from damaging the camera mounted on the gimbal; at the same time, it can be achieved without additional mechanical mechanisms.
  • the switching of the shooting mode of the shooting device reduces the design and manufacturing costs; in addition, the switching of the shooting mode of the shooting device does not require manual operation, and does not require loading and unloading, leveling, parameter adjustment, etc., and the operation is convenient, friendly, time-saving, and labor-saving.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pan-tilt in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method flow chart of a method for controlling a pan-tilt in an embodiment of the present application
  • 3A is a schematic diagram of the photographing device in an embodiment of the present application when photographing in a horizontal orientation
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of the photographing device in an embodiment of the present application when photographing in a vertical orientation
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the handheld PTZ shown in Figure 1 when it is placed upright;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation manner of controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the switched control instruction in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a structural block diagram of a pan-tilt in an embodiment of the present application.
  • pan/tilts In some existing pan/tilts, the design of switching between horizontal and vertical shots by manually rotating a rotatable bracket requires additional mechanical structure, increased design/manufacturing costs, and inconvenience in operation; other pan/tilts use different structural parts (Such as ordinary quick-release plate and L-shaped quick-release structural parts) realize horizontal and vertical shooting respectively.
  • operations such as reloading and unloading, leveling, and parameter adjustment are required.
  • the above operations are not only cumbersome, complicated, and time-consuming, but may also bring Mechanical interference.
  • additional counterweights need to be added, and the additional counterweights may result in exceeding the load-bearing capacity of the gimbal.
  • the three-axis gimbal uses automatic control to switch between horizontal and vertical shooting, it may cause the rotation axes of two of the motors to overlap, such as the pitch axis motor and the yaw axis motor.
  • the axis coincides, causing the universal joint to lock up (also known as the singular problem of pitch control).
  • the three-axis gimbal can only be stabilized in two directions, which in turn leads to decreased stability, even jitter, and unevenness.
  • the pan/tilt of the present application receives a switching instruction instructing the camera to switch from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode, and before switching the camera to the second shooting mode, the pan/tilt control command is switched, that is, The Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera after the mode switch is changed, so that the gimbal maintains the original degree of freedom of rotation after the mode switch, which solves the problem of the gimbal lock caused by the mode switch of the existing gimbal.
  • the two modes can be switched smoothly, improving the user experience, and avoiding the impact and shaking of the mode switching process from damaging the camera mounted on the pan/tilt; at the same time, the switching of the shooting mode of the camera can be realized without adding a mechanical mechanism.
  • the switching of the shooting mode of the shooting device does not require manual operation, and does not require loading and unloading, leveling, parameter adjustment, etc., and the operation is convenient, friendly, time-saving, and labor-saving.
  • the pan-tilt in the embodiment of the present application is equipped with a camera, and the camera can be a camera, a single-lens reflex camera, a mirrorless camera, a sports camera, a smart phone, or the like.
  • the pan/tilt is configured to rotate around at least two axes.
  • the pan/tilt head of this embodiment may be configured to rotate around two axes, or it may be configured to rotate around three axes or more than three axes.
  • the pan/tilt is configured to rotate about two axes, the two axes including a yaw axis and a pitch axis.
  • the pan/tilt is configured to rotate around three axes, the three axes including the yaw axis, the pitch axis, and the roll axis.
  • the pan/tilt in the embodiments of the present application may be a handheld pan/tilt or an airborne pan/tilt.
  • the airborne pan/tilt may be mounted on a movable platform, which may be an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, a mobile robot, etc. .
  • the pan/tilt is a handheld pan/tilt, and the pan/tilt is a three-axis pan/tilt.
  • the pan/tilt in this embodiment is configured to rotate around the yaw axis, pitch axis, and roll axis.
  • the handheld gimbal may include an outer frame 11, a middle frame 12, and an inner frame.
  • the outer frame 11 is configured to rotate about a yaw axis
  • the middle frame 12 is configured to rotate about a roll axis
  • the inner frame is configured to rotate about a pitch axis
  • the inner frame is used to mount the camera 2.
  • the outer frame 11 includes a yaw axis arm and is driven by a yaw axis motor
  • the middle frame 12 includes a roll axis arm and is driven by a roll axis motor
  • the inner frame includes a pitch axis arm and is driven by a pitch axis motor driven.
  • pan-tilt control method in the embodiment of the present application will be described below.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling a pan/tilt head in an embodiment of the present application; please refer to Fig. 2, the method for controlling a pan/tilt head in this embodiment may include the following steps:
  • S201 Acquire a switching instruction instructing the camera to switch from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode, where the first shooting mode includes one of shooting in the first orientation and shooting in the second orientation, and the second shooting mode includes The other one of shooting in the first orientation and shooting in the second orientation;
  • the switching instruction can be generated in a variety of ways.
  • the pan/tilt includes a base and a control section provided on the base, and the switching instruction is generated by the user triggering the control section.
  • the control part may include keys, buttons, knobs or a combination of the above.
  • the control unit in this embodiment may include one or more.
  • the handheld pan/tilt may include a handle, and the control part may be provided on the handle.
  • the switching instruction is generated by the user operating an external device and sent by the external device.
  • the external device can communicate with the pan/tilt.
  • the external device may include a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone and a tablet computer, a fixed terminal, or a remote control or other control device of the pan/tilt.
  • the first orientation and the second orientation may be set as required.
  • the first orientation may include one of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation
  • the second orientation may include the other of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation.
  • the second orientation can also be set to other shooting orientations.
  • the second orientation includes one of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation
  • the first orientation may include the other of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation.
  • the first orientation may also be set to other shooting orientations. orientation.
  • the first orientation may include one of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation
  • the second orientation includes the other of a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation.
  • the first orientation is a horizontal orientation
  • the second orientation is a vertical orientation
  • the first orientation is a vertical orientation and the second orientation is a horizontal orientation.
  • horizontal orientation shooting may also be referred to as horizontal shooting
  • vertical orientation shooting may also be referred to as vertical shooting
  • the horizontal orientation of the shooting device means that the shooting device is installed horizontally on the pan/tilt support, so that it can take a horizontal picture relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the shooting device is a mobile phone as an example, please refer to Figure 3A, 10 is the horizontal plane, 20 is the long side of the screen, and 30 is the short side of the screen. Rotate the long side 20 of the screen to the horizontal direction (that is, the long side 20 of the screen is parallel to the horizontal plane 10) for shooting.
  • the device is photographed in a horizontal orientation.
  • the shooting device in the vertical orientation means that the shooting device is installed vertically on the pan/tilt support, so as to take a vertical picture with respect to the horizontal plane.
  • the embodiment in which the above-mentioned shooting device is a mobile phone is used. Please refer to Fig. 3B.
  • the long side 20 is rotated to the vertical direction (that is, the long side 20 of the picture is perpendicular to the horizontal plane) for shooting, that is, the shooting device shoots in a vertical orientation.
  • the exemplary definitions of horizontal shooting and vertical shooting can also be completely opposite to the above description.
  • S202 Switch the control instruction of the pan/tilt head according to the switch instruction, so that the pan/tilt head maintains the original degree of freedom of rotation after the mode is switched, and the control instruction is determined according to the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera;
  • the gimbal is configured to rotate around two axes, the two axes include the yaw axis and the pitch axis.
  • the degree of freedom of the gimbal to maintain the original dimension of rotation means: when the camera is in the first position In the shooting mode (that is, before the mode switch), the gimbal rotates around the yaw axis and the pitch axis; when the camera is in the second shooting mode (that is, after the mode switch), the gimbal also rotates around the yaw axis and the pitch axis.
  • the gimbal is configured to rotate around three axes, including the yaw axis, pitch axis, and roll axis.
  • the rotation freedom of the gimbal to maintain the original dimension means: when the camera is in the first In the first shooting mode, the gimbal rotates around the yaw axis, pitch axis, and roll axis; when the camera is in the second shooting mode, the gimbal also rotates around the yaw axis, pitch axis, and roll axis.
  • the control command for switching the pan/tilt that is, the switching sequence of the Euler angle of the camera
  • the sequence of Euler angle rotation of the camera corresponding to the switched control command needs to be based on the camera corresponding to the second shooting mode
  • the shooting orientation is ok.
  • the Euler angle of the camera corresponds to the rotation of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis, where the first axis is parallel to the light of the camera.
  • the axis direction, the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are orthogonal to each other.
  • the direction of the first axis, the direction of the second axis, and the direction of the third axis are determined according to the placement direction of the camera and the direction of the optical axis.
  • the camera is placed in a horizontal orientation and the optical axis of the camera is parallel to In the horizontal plane, the third axis is the vertical direction, and both the first axis and the second axis are parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the first axis corresponds to the roll axis
  • the second axis corresponds to the pitch axis
  • the third axis corresponds to the yaw axis.
  • the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are denoted by X, Y, and Z, respectively.
  • the Euler angle rotation order of the shooting device corresponding to the switched control command is: second axis, first axis, second axis, or first axis. Three axis, first axis, third axis.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control instruction is determined according to the configuration of the pan/tilt head, which one of the above Euler angle rotation sequences is, optionally, when the pan/tilt head is in the ZXY configuration , The Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control instruction is: third axis, first axis, and third axis.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control instruction is: second axis, first axis, and second axis.
  • the Euler angle rotation order of the shooting device corresponding to the switched control command is: second axis, first axis, third axis, or first axis. Three axis, first axis, second axis.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control instruction is determined according to the configuration of the pan/tilt head, which one of the above Euler angle rotation sequences is.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control instruction is: the third axis, the first axis, and the second axis.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera corresponding to the switched control command is: the second axis, the first axis, and the third axis.
  • a three-axis gimbal and the gimbal is configured to rotate around the yaw axis, pitch axis, and roll axis as an example to illustrate the gimbal of the ZXY configuration and the gimbal of the YXZ configuration.
  • the ZXY configuration gimbal when the gimbal is placed upright and the joint angles of the outer frame, middle frame and inner frame are all 0 degrees, the outer frame rotates around the yaw axis, the middle frame rotates around the roll axis, and the inner frame Rotate around the pitch axis.
  • the handheld pan/tilt also includes a handle 3 and a screen 4 and buttons (not shown) provided on the front of the handle 3.
  • the screen 4 faces the user, and the lens of the shooting device is facing away from the user.
  • FIG. 4 it is a state diagram of the handheld PTZ placed upright.
  • the handheld PTZ shown in Figure 4 is a ZXY configuration PTZ.
  • the implementation process of the control instruction for switching the pan/tilt may include:
  • the real-time roll posture component of the camera can be obtained according to the detection of an inertial measurement unit (IMU, Inertial Measurement Unit) on the camera.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the preset conditions include: the real-time roll posture component is not 0 degrees, 180, or -180 degrees, that is, when the first shooting mode is shooting in a horizontal orientation, If the real-time roll posture component is not 0 degrees, 180 or -180 degrees, then directly follow the switching instructions to switch the control instructions of the pan/tilt. At this time, according to the switched control instructions, control the camera to switch from horizontal orientation shooting to vertical shooting. Shooting in portrait orientation will not cause the gimbal to lock up.
  • the preset conditions include: the real-time roll posture component is not 90 degrees or -90 degrees, that is, when the first shooting mode is shooting in the vertical orientation, if the real-time If the roll posture component is not 90 degrees or -90 degrees, then directly follow the switching command to switch the control command of the pan/tilt. At this time, according to the switched control command, the camera is controlled to switch from vertical orientation shooting to horizontal orientation shooting. Will cause the universal joint to lock up.
  • control method of the pan/tilt head of this embodiment may further include: if the real-time roll posture component does not meet the preset condition, controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt so that the real-time roll posture component of the camera is offset by a preset angle, And make the real-time roll posture component of the shifted camera meet the preset condition.
  • the control command of the pan/tilt is switched directly according to the switching command, the control of the camera device from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode according to the switched control command will cause
  • the universal joint is locked; in this embodiment, when the real-time roll posture component does not meet the preset conditions, the pan-tilt is first controlled to rotate, so that the real-time roll posture component of the camera is offset by a preset angle, so that the offset The real-time roll posture component of the camera meets the preset conditions; then according to the switching instruction, the control instruction of the pan/tilt is switched. At this time, according to the switched control instruction, the camera is controlled to switch from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode, Will not cause the universal joint to lock up.
  • the realization process of controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt so that the real-time roll posture component of the photographing device is shifted by a preset angle, and the real-time roll posture component of the shifted photographing device satisfies the preset condition may include:
  • the control instruction corresponding to the shooting mode controls the rotation of the pan-tilt so that the real-time roll posture component of the camera is shifted by a preset angle, and the real-time roll posture component of the shifted camera meets the preset condition.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence controls the rotation of the pan/tilt so that the real-time roll posture component of the camera is shifted by a preset angle, and the real-time roll posture component of the shifted camera meets the preset condition.
  • the pan/tilt is controlled to rotate to make the shooting
  • the real-time roll posture component of the device is shifted by a preset angle, and the shifted real-time roll posture component of the photographing device meets the preset condition.
  • the size of the preset angle can be set as required, for example, the preset angle can be 5 degrees or other degrees.
  • S203 Control the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the switched control instruction, so that the photographing device is switched to the second photographing mode.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic flow diagram of an implementation manner of controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the switched control instruction in an embodiment of the present application; please refer to Figure 5, the implementation manner of controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the switched control instruction can be include:
  • S501 Determine the target posture of the shooting device according to the second shooting mode
  • S502 Control the rotation of the pan/tilt according to the switched control instruction and the target posture.
  • the target posture including the target roll posture component of the shooting device is 90 degrees or -90 degrees.
  • the pan/tilt is controlled to rotate so that the target roll posture component of the camera is 90 degrees or -90 degrees, thereby switching the camera to shoot in a vertical orientation.
  • the other attitude components of the camera such as the yaw attitude component and/or the pitch attitude component, may not be controlled, or other attitude components of the camera can be controlled to a preset size as required.
  • controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt may further include:
  • the posture of the base can be directly obtained.
  • an inertial measurement unit IMU
  • the posture of the base is obtained through the detection of the inertial measurement unit on the base; the posture of the base It can also be obtained indirectly.
  • the posture of the base is determined according to the posture of the camera.
  • the base is the handle of the handheld pan/tilt.
  • the handheld pan/tilt in this embodiment also includes an accelerometer, which is used to detect the posture qmesa of the camera.
  • the posture of the handle is determined according to the posture of the camera and the joint angle of the gimbal.
  • the joint angles of the gimbal include yaw joint angle joint_yaw, roll joint angle joint_roll and Pitch joint angle joint_pitch, each joint angle is the joint angle of the corresponding axis motor.
  • q_yaw, q_roll and q_pitch are obtained.
  • the conjugate or inverse of q_yaw, q_roll and q_pitch are q_yaw_inv, q_roll_inv and q_pitch_inv respectively.
  • the calculation formula of the handle posture qhandle is as follows:
  • joint represents the joint angle
  • q represents the quaternion
  • the direction of the optical axis of the camera controlled by the pan/tilt is approximately parallel to the middle plane of the base.
  • the camera when the camera is switched to shoot in a vertical orientation, by controlling the direction of the optical axis of the camera to be approximately parallel to the middle plane of the base, it can be avoided due to the outer frame and the center plane.
  • the small angle of the frame causes the gimbal lock problem; at the same time, this setting allows the gimbal to have a larger rotation range in the yaw direction, and the shooting range of the camera is wider.
  • the base is a handle
  • the middle plane of the base is the middle plane in the length direction of the handle.
  • the target posture When the second shooting mode is shooting in a horizontal orientation, the target posture includes the target roll posture component of the shooting device being 0 degrees, 180 degrees, or -180 degrees.
  • the pan/tilt is controlled to rotate so that the target roll posture component of the camera is 0 degrees, 180 degrees, or -180 degrees, so that the camera is switched to shoot in a horizontal orientation.
  • the target posture includes that the target pitch posture component of the photographing device is 0 degrees, that is, the optical axis of the photographing device is approximately parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the target posture when the camera is in the self-portrait mode, includes that the target pitch posture component of the camera is not 0 degrees, such as 0 degrees to 20 degrees (upward shooting), 0 degrees to -20 degrees (downward shooting), or 45-degree selfie.
  • step S203 according to the switched control instruction and the target posture, the realization process of controlling the rotation of the pan/tilt may include:
  • the realization process of determining the initial posture of the camera when the mode is switched may include: determining the posture cosine matrix according to the real-time posture; corresponding to the posture cosine matrix and the control instruction after the switch
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera determines the initial posture of the camera when the mode is switched.
  • the attitude cosine matrix is represented by a quaternion, in this article, q represents a quaternion.
  • the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera is: Z, X, Y, referred to as ZXY rotation sequence; when the shooting device is shooting in a vertical orientation, the Euler angle rotation sequence of the shooting device It is: Z, X, Z, referred to as ZXZ rotation sequence.
  • the real-time posture of the camera is the Euler angle of the ZXY rotation sequence, assuming that the Euler angle of the ZXY rotation sequence is (Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Y), where Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Y correspond to Euler rotating around Z, X, Y Angle size, formula (2) is transformed into:
  • the initial posture of the camera during mode switching can be determined.
  • the initial posture is the Euler angles (Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Z) of the ZXZ rotation sequence, where Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Z correspond to The Euler angle of Z, X, Z rotation.
  • Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Z are respectively one solution of the Euler angle of the corresponding ZXZ rotation sequence, and the other solution is (-pi+Inn_Z,-Mid_X,-pi+Out_Z).
  • the specific solution is based on the current base orientation and other information determine.
  • the initial posture of the camera during mode switching can be determined.
  • the initial posture is the Euler angle (Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Y) of the ZXY rotation sequence.
  • Out_Z, Mid_X, Inn_Y are respectively a solution of the Euler angle of the corresponding ZXY rotation sequence. If Mid_X>0.0, the X component of the other solution is pi-Mid_X, otherwise, the X component of the other solution is -pi-Mid_X.
  • the Y component of the other solution is -pi+Inn_Y, normalized to the range of ⁇ pi.
  • the Z component of the other solution is -pi+Out_Z, which is normalized to the range of ⁇ pi.
  • the specific solution is determined according to the current base orientation and other information.
  • Mid_X is ⁇ 90 degrees
  • the Euler angle of the ZXY rotation sequence is singular, and the camera is not supported to switch from vertical orientation shooting to horizontal orientation shooting.
  • first control Mid_X to rotate a certain angle when shooting in vertical orientation (leave ⁇ 90 degree area is sufficient), it can support the camera to switch from vertical orientation shooting to horizontal orientation shooting.
  • Mid_X is not ⁇ 90 degrees, there is no Euler angle singularity problem of the ZXY rotation sequence.
  • the camera can be controlled by the PTZ to reach the initial posture, and then the camera can be controlled by the PTZ to reach the target posture from the initial posture; or the initial posture and the target posture can be superimposed, and the camera can be controlled by the PTZ to reach the superposition. attitude.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a pan/tilt head.
  • the pan/tilt head includes a base, a shaft assembly, and a controller.
  • the shaft assembly is arranged on the base, and the shaft assembly is used to mount the imaging device.
  • the shaft assembly of this embodiment is configured to rotate around at least two axes.
  • the shaft assembly is configured to rotate around a yaw axis, a pitch axis, and a roll axis; optionally, the shaft assembly is configured to rotate around a yaw axis.
  • the axis and the pitch axis rotate.
  • the controller is electrically connected with the pan/tilt, and optionally, the controller is arranged on the base.
  • the controller is configured to: obtain a switching instruction instructing the shooting device to switch from the first shooting mode to the second shooting mode; switch the control instruction of the pan/tilt according to the switching instruction, so that the pan/tilt maintains the original dimensional rotation after the mode is switched Degree of freedom, the control command is determined according to the Euler angle rotation sequence of the camera; according to the switched control command, the pan/tilt is controlled to rotate so that the camera is switched to the second shooting mode; wherein the first shooting mode includes the first orientation One of shooting and shooting in the second orientation, and the second shooting mode includes the other of shooting in the first orientation and shooting in the second orientation.
  • the controller in this embodiment may be a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the controller may further include a hardware chip.
  • the above-mentioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.
  • the base can be the handle of the handheld pan/tilt or be set on the handle of the handheld pan/tilt.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for controlling the pan/tilt head of the above-mentioned embodiment are realized.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be the internal storage unit of the pan/tilt head described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the pan-tilt, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), an SD card, a flash memory card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the device .
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit of the pan-tilt and an external storage device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the pan/tilt, and can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
  • the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. During execution, it may include the procedures of the above-mentioned method embodiments.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disc, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), etc.

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Abstract

一种云台的控制方法和云台,云台上搭载有拍摄装置,云台被配置为绕至少二个轴转动,所述方法包括:获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,控制指令为根据拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置切换至第二拍摄模式;第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,第二拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的另一种。本申请解决了现有云台由于模式切换引起的万向节锁死的问题,使得两种模式之间可以较好地平滑切换,提升用户体验。

Description

云台的控制方法和云台 技术领域
本申请涉及云台领域,尤其涉及一种云台的控制方法和云台。
背景技术
现有一些云台基于机械结构实现横拍和竖拍的切换,将拍摄装置通过可旋转支架安装在云台上,通过手动旋转可旋转支架实现横拍和竖拍的切换。这种设计需增加机械结构、增加了设计/制造成本,且存在操作不便的问题。另外一些云台采用不同结构件(如普通快装板和L型快装结构件)来安装拍摄装置,分别实现横拍和竖拍,采用不同结构件安装拍摄装置以实现横竖拍的切换,切换时需要重新装卸、调平、调整参数等操作,上述操作不仅繁琐、复杂、耗时,还可能带来机械干涉。为解决机械干涉问题,需要额外增加配重,而额外增加的配重可能会导致超出云台负重能力。
还有一些云台采用自动控制方式实现横拍和竖拍的切换,以三轴云台为例,三轴云台包括外框架、中框架和内框架,拍摄装置固定在内框架上,通过控制外框架、中框架和内框架的转动,实现横拍和竖拍的切换。然而,在一些情况下,横拍和竖拍切换后会导致其中两个电机的旋转轴重合,如俯仰轴电机和偏航轴电机的轴线重合,导致万向节锁死,三轴云台只能在两个方向进行增稳,进而导致增稳性能下降、甚至抖动、不平滑等。
发明内容
本申请提供一种云台的控制方法和云台。
根据本申请的第一方面,提供一种云台的控制方法,所述云台上搭载有拍摄装置,所述云台被配置为绕至少二个轴转动,所述方法包括:
获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;
根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后所述云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,所述控制指令为根据所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;
根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,使得所述拍摄装置切换至所述第二拍摄模式;
其中,所述第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,所述第二拍摄模式包括以所述第一取向拍摄和以所述第二取向拍摄中的另一种。
根据本申请的第二方面,提供一种云台,所述云台包括:
基座;
设置于所述基座上的轴组件,所述轴组件用于搭载拍摄装置,所述轴组件被配置为绕至少二个轴转动;和
控制器,所述控制器与所述云台电连接,所述控制器用于:
获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;
根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后所述云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,所述控制指令为根据所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;
根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,使得所述拍摄装置切换至所述第二拍摄模式;
其中,所述第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,所述第二拍摄模式包括以所述第一取向拍摄和以所述第二取向拍摄中的另一种。
由以上本申请实施例提供的技术方案可见,本申请的云台在接收到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令之后,在将拍摄装置切换至第二拍摄模式之前,切换云台的控制指令,即改变模式切换后的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,使得模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,解决了现有云台由于模式切换引起的万向节锁死的问题,使得两种模式之间可以较好地平滑切换,提升用户体验,避免了模式切换过程的冲击、抖动损坏云台所搭载的拍摄装置;同时,无需增加机械机构即可实现拍摄装置的拍摄模式的切换,降低了设计和制造成本;另外,拍摄装置的拍摄模式的切换无需手动操作,也不需要装卸、调平、调节参数等,操作方便、友好、省时、省力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一实施例中的云台的立体图;
图2是本申请一实施例中的云台的控制方法的方法流程示意图;
图3A是本申请一实施例中的拍摄装置以水平取向拍摄时的示意图;
图3B是本申请一实施例中的拍摄装置以竖直取向拍摄时的示意图;
图4是图1所示的手持云台正立放置时的立体图;
图5是本申请一实施例中的根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动的一种实现方式的流程示意图;
图6是本申请一实施例中的云台的结构框图。
具体实施方式
现有一些云台,通过手动旋转可旋转支架实现横拍和竖拍的切换的设计方式需增加机械结构、增加了设计/制造成本,且存在操作不便的问题;另外一些云台采用不同结构件(如普通快装板和L型快装结构件)分别实现横拍和竖拍,切换时需要重新装卸、调平、调整参数等操作,上述操作不仅繁琐、复杂、耗时,还可能带来机械干涉。为解决机械干涉问题,需要额外增加配重,而额外增加的配重可能会导致超出云台负重能力。
另外,以三轴云台为例,三轴云台采用自动控制方式实现横拍和竖拍的切换后,可能会导致其中两个电机的旋转轴重合,如俯仰轴电机和偏航轴电机的轴线重合,导致万向节锁死(也可以称作俯仰控制的奇异问题),三轴云台只能在两个方向进行增稳,进而导致增稳性能下降、甚至抖动、不平滑等。
对于此,本申请的云台在接收到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令之后,在将拍摄装置切换至第二拍摄模式之前,切换云台的控制指令,即改变模式切换后的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,使得模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,解决了现有云台由于模式切换引起的万向节锁死的问题,使得两种模式之间可以较好地平滑切换,提升用户体验,避免了模式切换过程的冲击、抖动损坏云台所搭载的拍摄装置;同时,无需增加机械机构即可实现拍摄装置的拍摄模式的切换,降低了设计和制造成本;另外,拍摄装置的拍摄模式的切换无需手动操作,也不需要装卸、调平、调节参数等,操作方便、友好、省时、省力。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
本申请实施例的云台上搭载有拍摄装置,该拍摄装置可以为摄像机、单反、微单、运动相机、智能手机等拍摄装置。
其中,云台被配置为绕至少二个轴转动。本实施例的云台可以被配置为绕两个轴转动,也可以被配置为绕三个轴或三个以上的轴转动。例如,在一些实施例中,云台被配置为绕两个轴转动,两个轴包括偏航轴和俯仰轴。在另外一些实施例中,云台被配置为绕三个轴转动,三个轴包括偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴。
本申请实施例的云台可以为手持云台,也可以为机载云台,机载云台可以搭载 在可移动平台上,该可移动平台可以为无人机、无人车、移动机器人等。
示例性的,请参见图1,云台为手持云台,且云台为三轴云台,本实施例的云台被配置为绕偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴转动。手持云台可包括外框架11、中框架12和内框架,外框架11被配置为绕偏航轴转动,中框架12被配置为绕横滚轴转动,内框架被配置为绕俯仰轴转动,且内框架用于搭载拍摄装置2。其中,外框架11包括偏航轴轴臂,且由偏航轴电机驱动,中框架12包括横滚轴轴臂,且由横滚轴电机驱动,内框架包括俯仰轴轴臂,且由俯仰轴电机驱动。
下面将阐述本申请实施例的云台控制方法的具体实现过程。
图2是本申请一实施例中的云台的控制方法的方法流程示意图;请参见图2,本实施例的云台的控制方法可以包括如下步骤:
S201:获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令,其中,第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,第二拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的另一种;
切换指令的产生方式可以包括多种,例如,在其中一些实施例中,云台包括基座和设于基座上的控制部,切换指令由用户触发控制部产生。控制部可以包括按键、按钮、旋钮或上述组合。本实施例的控制部可以包括一个,也可以包括多个。当云台为手持云台时,手持云台可以包括手柄,控制部可以设于手柄上。
在另一些实施例中,切换指令由用户操作外部设备产生,并由外部设备发送。该外部设备能够与云台进行通信,外部设备可以包括手机、平板电脑等可移动终端,也可以为固定终端,还可以为遥控器或其他云台的控制装置。
第一取向、第二取向可以根据需要设置,例如,在一些实施例中,第一取向可以包括水平取向和竖直取向中的一种,第二取向可以包括水平取向和竖直取向中的另一种,当然,第二取向也可以设置为其他拍摄取向。
在另一些实施例中,第二取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的一种,第一取向可以包括水平取向和竖直取向中的另一种,当然,第一取向也可以设置为其他拍摄取向。
在另一些实施例中,第一取向可以包括水平取向和竖直取向中的一种,第二取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的另一种,示例性的,第一取向为水平取向,第二取向为竖直取向,或者第一取向为竖直取向,第二取向为水平取向。
需要说明的是,水平取向拍摄也可以称作横拍,竖直取向拍摄也可以称作竖拍。
其中,拍摄装置以水平取向拍摄是指拍摄装置在云台支架上水平安装,以便于拍摄出相对于水平面水平的画面,对于给定画面长宽比的,以拍摄装置为手机为例,请参见图3A,10为水平面,20为画面的长边,30为画面的短边,将画面的长边20方向旋转到水平方向(即画面的长边20平行于水平面10)进行拍摄,即为拍摄装置 以水平取向拍摄。拍摄装置以竖直取向拍摄是指拍摄装置在云台支架上竖直安装,以便于拍摄出相对于水平面竖直的画面,沿用上述拍摄装置为手机的实施例,请参见图3B,将画面的长边20方向旋转到竖直方向(即画面的长边20垂直于水平面)进行拍摄,即为拍摄装置以竖直取向拍摄。当然,横拍和竖拍的示例性定义也可以与上述说明完全相反。
S202:根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,控制指令为根据拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;
示例性的,比如,云台被配置为绕两个轴转动,两个轴包括偏航轴和俯仰轴,模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度是指:当拍摄装置处于第一拍摄模式时(即模式切换前),云台绕偏航轴和俯仰轴转动;当拍摄装置处于第二拍摄模式时(即模式切换后),云台也绕偏航轴和俯仰轴转动。又如,云台被配置为绕三个轴转动,三个轴包括偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴,模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度是指:当拍摄装置处于第一拍摄模式时,云台绕偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴转动;当拍摄装置处于第二拍摄模式时,云台也绕偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴转动。
本申请实施例中,切换云台的控制指令,也即切换拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序需要根据第二拍摄模式对应的拍摄装置的拍摄取向确定。
以云台被配置为绕三个轴转动为例,示例性的,拍摄装置的欧拉角对应第一轴、第二轴、第三轴的旋转,其中,第一轴平行于拍摄装置的光轴方向,第一轴、第二轴、第三轴分别正交。第一轴的方向、第二轴的方向和第三轴的方向是根据拍摄装置的放置方向和光轴方向确定的,示例性的,在拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,第三轴为竖直方向,第一轴、第二轴均平行于水平面。
本文中,第一轴对应横滚轴,第二轴对应俯仰轴,第三轴对应偏航轴,为方便描述,第一轴、第二轴、第三轴分别用X、Y、Z表示。
在一些实施例中,在第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。进一步地,根据云台的构型确定切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序是上述欧拉角旋转顺序中的哪一种,可选地,在云台为ZXY构型时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。可选地,在云台为YXZ构型时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴。
在另外一些实施例中,在第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。进一步地,根据云台的构型确定切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧 拉角旋转顺序是上述欧拉角旋转顺序中的哪一种。可选地,在云台为ZXY构型时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。可选地,在云台为YXZ构型时,切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴。
以三轴云台、且云台被配置为绕偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴转动为例来说明ZXY构型的云台和YXZ构型的云台。对于ZXY构型的云台,当云台正立放置、且外框架、中框架和内框架的关节角均为0度时,外框架绕偏航轴转动,中框架绕横滚轴,内框架绕俯仰轴转动。对于YXZ构型的云台,当云台正立放置、且外框架、中框架和内框架的关节角均为0度时,外框架绕俯仰轴转动,中框架绕横滚轴,内框架绕偏航轴转动。
示例性的,沿用上述手持云台的实施例,请参见图4,手持云台还包括手柄3和设于手柄3正面的屏幕4和按键(未标出)等。手持云台正立放置时,屏幕4朝向用户,拍摄装置的镜头背对用户,如图4所示,为手持云台正立放置的状态图。图4所示的手持云台即为ZXY构型的云台。
当拍摄装置当前处于水平取向拍摄,且拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量为0度、180度和-180度之一时,若直接根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,则根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由水平取向拍摄切换至竖直取向拍摄会导致其中两个电机的旋转轴重合,从而导致万向节锁死;当拍摄装置当前处于竖直取向拍摄,且拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量为90度和-90度之一时,若直接根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,则根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由竖直取向拍摄切换至水平取向拍摄会导致其中两个电机的旋转轴重合,从而导致万向节锁死。
为避免模式切换时万向节锁死,本实施例中,根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令的实现过程可以包括:
(1)、获取拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量;
可以根据拍摄装置上的惯性测量单元(IMU,Inertial measurement unit)检测获得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量。
(2)、若实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件,则根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令。
其中,当第一拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,预设条件包括:实时横滚姿态分量不为0度、180或-180度,也即,当第一拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,若实时横滚姿态分量不为0度、180或-180度,则直接根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,此时,根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由水平取向拍摄切换至竖直取向拍摄不会导致万向节锁死。
当第一拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,预设条件包括:实时横滚姿态分量不为90度或-90度,也即,当第一拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,若实时横滚姿态分量不为90度或-90度,则直接根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,此时,根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由竖直取向拍摄切换至水平取向拍摄不会导致万向节锁死。
进一步地,本实施例的云台的控制方法还可以包括:若实时横滚姿态分量不满足预设条件,则控制云台转动,以使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件。当实时横滚姿态分量不满足预设条件时,若直接根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,则根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式会导致万向节锁死;本实施例在实时横滚姿态分量不满足预设条件时,先控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,以并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件;再根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,此时,根据切换后的控制指令,控制拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式,不会导致万向节锁死。
其中,控制云台转动,以使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件的实现过程可以包括:按照第一拍摄模式对应的控制指令,控制云台转动,以使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件。以ZXY构型的云台为例,示例性的,当第一拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄,第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,按照第三轴、第一轴、第二轴的欧拉角旋转顺序,控制云台转动,以使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件。当第一拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄,第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,按照第三轴、第一轴、第三轴的欧拉角旋转顺序,控制云台转动,以使得拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件。
预设角度大小可以根据需要设置,例如,预设角度可以为5度,也可以为其他度数。
S203:根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置切换至第二拍摄模式。
图5是本申请一实施例中的根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动的一种实现方式的流程示意图;请参见图5,根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动的实现方式可以包括:
S501:根据第二拍摄模式,确定拍摄装置的目标姿态;
S502:根据切换后的控制指令以及目标姿态,控制云台转动。
其中,当第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,目标姿态包括拍摄装置的目标横 滚姿态分量为90度或-90度。本实施例中,根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为90度或-90度,从而将拍摄装置切换至以竖直取向拍摄。对于拍摄装置的其他姿态分量,比如偏航姿态分量和/或俯仰姿态分量,可以不进行控制,也可以根据需要控制拍摄装置的其他姿态分量为预设大小。
此外,当第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,根据切换后的控制指令以及目标姿态,控制云台转动可以进一步包括:
(1)、获取云台的基座的姿态;
本实施例中,基座的姿态可以直接获取,例如,在基座上放置惯性测量单元(IMU,Inertial measurement unit),通过基座上的惯性测量单元检测获得基座的姿态;基座的姿态也可以间接获取,可选地,根据拍摄装置的姿态,确定基座的姿态。
以手持云台为例来说明如何根据拍摄装置的姿态,确定基座的姿态。基座为手持云台的手柄,本实施例的手持云台还包括加速度计,该加速度计用于检测拍摄装置的姿态qmesa。手柄的姿态是根据拍摄装置的姿态和云台关节角确定的,以手持云台为ZXY构型的三轴云台为例,云台关节角包括偏航关节角joint_yaw、横滚关节角joint_roll和俯仰关节角joint_pitch,各关节角即为对应轴电机的关节角。根据轴角转换公式得到q_yaw、q_roll和q_pitch,q_yaw、q_roll和q_pitch的共轭或逆分别为q_yaw_inv、q_roll_inv和q_pitch_inv。手柄的姿态qhandle的计算公式如下:
qhandle=qmesa*q_pitch_inv*q_roll_inv*q_yaw_inv     (1);
其中,joint表示关节角,q表示四元数。
(2)、根据基座的姿态,通过云台控制拍摄装置的光轴方向与基座的中间平面大致平行。
沿用图1所示的手持云台的实施例,在将拍摄装置切换成以竖直取向拍摄时,通过控制拍摄装置的光轴方向与基座的中间平面大致平行,能够避免由于外框架与中框架的夹角较小而导致的万向节锁死问题;同时,这种设置使得云台在偏航方向具有较大的转动范围,拍摄装置的拍摄范围更广。当云台为手持云台时,基座为手柄,基座的中间平面即手柄的长度方向的中间平面。
当第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄,目标姿态包括拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为0度、180度或-180度。本实施例中,根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为0度、180度或-180度,从而将拍摄装置切换至以水平取向拍摄。可选地,目标姿态包括拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量为0度,即拍摄装置的光轴与水平面大致平行。可选地,在拍摄装置处于自拍模式时,目标姿态包括拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量不为0度,如0度到20度(仰拍)、0度到-20度(俯拍)、或者45度自拍。
步骤S203中根据切换后的控制指令以及目标姿态,控制云台转动的实现过程可以包括:
(1)、获取拍摄装置的实时姿态;
(2)、根据实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时拍摄装置的初始姿态;
本实施例中,根据实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时拍摄装置的初始姿态的实现过程可以包括:根据实时姿态,确定姿态余弦矩阵;根据姿态余弦矩阵以及切换后的控制指令对应的拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,确定模式切换时拍摄装置的初始姿态。
可选地,姿态余弦矩阵通过四元数表征,本文中,q表示四元数。
以云台为ZXY构型、且控制拍摄装置由以水平取向拍摄切换至以竖直取向拍摄为例。
其中,在拍摄装置以水平取向拍摄时,拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:Z、X、Y,简称ZXY旋转顺序;在拍摄装置以竖直取向拍摄时,拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:Z、X、Z,简称ZXZ旋转顺序。
本实施例中,ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角到四元数的转换公式如下:
E ZXY=q ZXY   (2);
拍摄装置的实时姿态为ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角,假设ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角为(Out_Z,Mid_X,Inn_Y),其中,Out_Z、Mid_X、Inn_Y对应为绕Z、X、Y转动的欧拉角大小,则公式(2)转化为:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000001
在模式切换瞬间:
q ZXY=q ZXZ    (4);
另外,q=[q 0,q 1,q 2,q 3]    (5);
q 0、q 1、q 2、q 3分别为四元数的四个元素,结合公式(3)和(5),可以确定:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000005
q到ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角的转换的一个解的公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000006
结合公式(3)~(6),即可确定模式切换时拍摄装置的初始姿态,初始姿态为ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角(Out_Z,Mid_X,Inn_Z),其中,Out_Z、Mid_X、Inn_Z对应为绕Z、X、Z转动的欧拉角大小。Out_Z、Mid_X、Inn_Z分别为对应的ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角的一个解,另一个解为(-pi+Inn_Z,-Mid_X,-pi+Out_Z),具体的解根据当前基座姿态朝向等信息确定。当Mid_X为0度或±180度时,ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角奇异(即导致万向节锁死),不支持拍摄装置由以水平取向拍摄切换到竖直取向拍摄,此时,先在以水平取向拍摄控制Mid_X转动一定角度(离开0度或±180度区域即可),即可支持拍摄装置由以水平取向拍摄切换到竖直取向拍摄。当Mid_X不为0度,也不为±180度时,不存在ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角奇异问题。
再以云台为ZXY构型、且控制拍摄装置由以竖直取向拍摄切换至以水平取向拍摄为例。
ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角到四元数的转换公式如下:
E ZXZ=q ZXZ   (7);
假设ZXZ旋转顺序的欧拉角为(Out_Z,Mid_X,Inn_Z),则公式(7)转化为:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000007
结合公式(8)和(5),可以确定:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000010
结合公式(4),q到ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角的转换的一个解的公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019130860-appb-000011
结合公式(4)、(5)、(8)和(9),即可确定模式切换时拍摄装置的初始姿态,初始姿态为ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角(Out_Z,Mid_X,Inn_Y)。Out_Z、Mid_X、Inn_Y分别为对应的ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角的一个解,如果Mid_X>0.0,另一个解的X分量为pi-Mid_X,否则,另一个解的X分量为-pi-Mid_X。另一个解的Y分量为-pi+Inn_Y,归一化到±pi范围。另一个解的Z分量为-pi+Out_Z,归一化到±pi范围,具体的解根据当前基座姿态朝向等信息确定。当Mid_X为±90度时,ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角奇异,不支持拍摄装置由以竖直取向拍摄切换到水平取向拍摄,此时,先在以竖直取向拍摄控制Mid_X转动一定角度(离开±90度区域即可),即可支持拍摄装置由以竖直取向拍摄切换到水平取向拍摄。当Mid_X不为±90度时,不存在ZXY旋转顺序的欧拉角奇异问题。
需要说明的是,上述实施例中,pi=180度。
(3)、根据初始姿态以及目标姿态,控制云台转动。
该步骤中,可以先通过云台控制拍摄装置到达初始姿态,再通过云台控制拍摄装置从初始姿态到达目标姿态;也可以将初始姿态与目标姿态叠加,通过云台控制拍摄装置到达叠加获得的姿态。
对应于上述实施例的云台的控制方法,本申请实施例还提供一种云台,请结合 图1和图6,该云台包括基座、轴组件和控制器。其中,轴组件设置于基座上,并且,轴组件用于搭载拍摄装置。本实施例的轴组件被配置为绕至少二个轴转动,可选地,轴组件被配置为绕偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴转动;可选地,轴组件被配置为绕偏航轴和俯仰轴转动。控制器与云台电连接,可选地,控制器设于基座。
具体的,控制器用于:获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;根据切换指令,切换云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,控制指令为根据拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;根据切换后的控制指令,控制云台转动,使得拍摄装置切换至第二拍摄模式;其中,第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,第二拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的另一种。
控制器的实现过程和工作原理可参见上述实施例的云台的控制方法的描述,此处不再赘述。
本实施例的控制器可以是中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU)。控制器还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit,ASIC),可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device,PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device,CPLD),现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array,FPGA),通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic,GAL)或其任意组合。
此外,当云台为手持云台时,基座可以为手持云台的手柄,或设于手持云台的手柄上。
此外,本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现上述实施例的云台的控制方法的步骤。
所述计算机可读存储介质可以是前述任一实施例所述的云台的内部存储单元,例如硬盘或内存。所述计算机可读存储介质也可以是云台的外部存储设备,例如所述设备上配备的插接式硬盘、智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC)、SD卡、闪存卡(Flash Card)等。进一步的,所述计算机可读存储介质还可以既包括云台的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储所述计算机程序以及所述云台所需的其他程序和数据,还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)或随机存储记 忆体(Random Access Memory,RAM)等。
以上所揭露的仅为本申请部分实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本申请之权利范围,因此依本申请权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本申请所涵盖的范围。

Claims (50)

  1. 一种云台的控制方法,所述云台上搭载有拍摄装置,所述云台被配置为绕至少二个轴转动,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;
    根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后所述云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,所述控制指令为根据所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;
    根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,使得所述拍摄装置切换至所述第二拍摄模式;
    其中,所述第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,所述第二拍摄模式包括以所述第一取向拍摄和以所述第二取向拍摄中的另一种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的另一种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置的欧拉角对应第一轴、第二轴、第三轴的旋转,所述第一轴平行于所述拍摄装置的光轴方向,所述第一轴、所述第二轴、所述第三轴分别正交;
    在所述第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为ZXY构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为YXZ构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置的欧拉角对应第一轴、第二轴、第三轴的旋转,所述第一轴平行于所述拍摄装置的光轴方向,所述第一轴、所述第二轴、所述第三轴分别正交;
    在所述第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为ZXY构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为YXZ构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  10. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令,包括:
    获取所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量;
    若所述实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件,则根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    若所述实时横滚姿态分量不满足所述预设条件,则控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,所述预设条件包括:所述实时横滚姿态分量不为0度、180或-180度。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述预设条件包括:所述实时横滚姿态分量不为90度或-90度。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件,包括:
    按照所述第一拍摄模式对应的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件。
  15. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,包括:
    根据所述第二拍摄模式,确定所述拍摄装置的目标姿态;
    根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为90度或-90度。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动,进一步包括:
    获取所述云台的基座的姿态;
    根据所述基座的姿态,通过所述云台控制所述拍摄装置的光轴方向与所述基座的中间平面大致平行。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为0度、180度或-180度。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量为0度。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置处于自拍模式时,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量不为0度。
  21. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动,包括:
    获取所述拍摄装置的实时姿态;
    根据所述实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态;
    根据所述初始姿态以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态,包括:
    根据所述实时姿态,确定姿态余弦矩阵;
    根据所述姿态余弦矩阵以及切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态。
  23. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述云台包括:基座和设于所述基座上的控制部,所述切换指令由用户触发所述控制部产生;或者
    所述切换指令由用户操作外部设备产生,并由所述外部设备发送。
  24. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述云台被配置为绕两个轴转动,两个所述轴包括偏航轴和俯仰轴。
  25. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述云台被配置为绕三个轴转动,三个所述轴包括偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴。
  26. 一种云台,其特征在于,所述云台包括:
    基座;
    设置于所述基座上的轴组件,所述轴组件用于搭载拍摄装置,所述轴组件被配置为绕至少二个轴转动;和
    控制器,所述控制器与所述云台电连接,所述控制器用于:
    获取到指示拍摄装置由第一拍摄模式切换至第二拍摄模式的切换指令;
    根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令,使得模式切换后所述云台保持原有维度的转动自由度,所述控制指令为根据所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序确定;
    根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,使得所述拍摄装置切换至所述第二拍摄模式;
    其中,所述第一拍摄模式包括以第一取向拍摄和以第二取向拍摄中的一种,所述第二拍摄模式包括以所述第一取向拍摄和以所述第二取向拍摄中的另一种。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第一取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的一种。
  28. 根据权利要求26或27所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第二取向包括水平取向和竖直取向中的另一种。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的云台,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置的欧拉角对应第一轴、第二轴、第三轴的旋转,所述第一轴平行于所述拍摄装置的光轴方向,所述第一轴、所述第二轴、所述第三轴分别正交;
    在所述第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的云台,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为ZXY构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的云台,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为YXZ构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的云台,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置的欧拉角对应第一轴、第二轴、第三轴的旋转,所述第一轴平行于所述拍摄装置的光轴方向,所述第一轴、所述第二轴、所述第三轴分别正交;
    在所述第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴,或第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的云台,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为ZXY构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第三轴、第一轴、第二轴。
  34. 根据权利要求32所述的云台,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置以水平取向放置、且所述拍摄装置的光轴平行于水平面时,所述第三轴为竖直方向;
    在所述云台为YXZ构型时,所述切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序为:第二轴、第一轴、第三轴。
  35. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令时,具体用于:
    获取所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量;
    若所述实时横滚姿态分量满足预设条件,则根据所述切换指令,切换所述云台的控制指令。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器还用于:
    若所述实时横滚姿态分量不满足所述预设条件,则控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时 横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第一拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄时,所述预设条件包括:所述实时横滚姿态分量不为0度、180或-180度。
  38. 根据权利要求36所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第一拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述预设条件包括:所述实时横滚姿态分量不为90度或-90度。
  39. 根据权利要求36所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件时,具体用于:
    按照所述第一拍摄模式对应的控制指令,控制所述云台转动,以使得所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量偏移预设角度,并使得偏移后的所述拍摄装置的实时横滚姿态分量满足所述预设条件。
  40. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在根据切换后的控制指令,控制所述云台转动时,具体用于:
    根据所述第二拍摄模式,确定所述拍摄装置的目标姿态;
    根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第二拍摄模式为以竖直取向拍摄时,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为90度或-90度。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动时,进一步用于:
    获取所述云台的基座的姿态;
    根据所述基座的姿态,通过所述云台控制所述拍摄装置的光轴方向与所述基座的中间平面大致平行。
  43. 根据权利要求40所述的云台,其特征在于,所述第二拍摄模式为以水平取向拍摄,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标横滚姿态分量为0度、180度或-180度。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的云台,其特征在于,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量为0度。
  45. 根据权利要求43所述的云台,其特征在于,在所述拍摄装置处于自拍模式时,所述目标姿态包括所述拍摄装置的目标俯仰姿态分量不为0度。
  46. 根据权利要求40所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在根据切换后的控制指令以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动时,具体用于:
    获取所述拍摄装置的实时姿态;
    根据所述实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态;
    根据所述初始姿态以及所述目标姿态,控制所述云台转动。
  47. 根据权利要求46所述的云台,其特征在于,所述控制器在根据所述实时姿态以及切换后的控制指令,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态时,具体用于:
    根据所述实时姿态,确定姿态余弦矩阵;
    根据所述姿态余弦矩阵以及切换后的控制指令对应的所述拍摄装置的欧拉角旋转顺序,确定模式切换时所述拍摄装置的初始姿态。
  48. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的云台,其特征在于,所述云台包括:基座和设于所述基座上的控制部,所述切换指令由用户触发所述控制部产生;或者
    所述切换指令由用户操作外部设备产生,并由所述外部设备发送。
  49. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的云台,其特征在于,所述云台被配置为绕两个轴转动,两个所述轴包括偏航轴和俯仰轴。
  50. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的云台,其特征在于,所述云台被配置为绕三个轴转动,三个所述轴包括偏航轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴。
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