WO2021131645A1 - 作業機械を制御するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
作業機械を制御するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021131645A1 WO2021131645A1 PCT/JP2020/045518 JP2020045518W WO2021131645A1 WO 2021131645 A1 WO2021131645 A1 WO 2021131645A1 JP 2020045518 W JP2020045518 W JP 2020045518W WO 2021131645 A1 WO2021131645 A1 WO 2021131645A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- excavation
- path
- controller
- work machine
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/2045—Guiding machines along a predetermined path
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
- E02F9/2228—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/7609—Scraper blade mounted forwardly of the tractor on a pair of pivoting arms which are linked to the sides of the tractor, e.g. bulldozers
- E02F3/7618—Scraper blade mounted forwardly of the tractor on a pair of pivoting arms which are linked to the sides of the tractor, e.g. bulldozers with the scraper blade adjustable relative to the pivoting arms about a horizontal axis
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/80—Component parts
- E02F3/84—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems
- E02F3/841—Devices for controlling and guiding the whole machine, e.g. by feeler elements and reference lines placed exteriorly of the machine
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/205—Remotely operated machines, e.g. unmanned vehicles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
- E02F9/2235—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
- E02F9/262—Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling work machines.
- Slot dosing is one of the tasks performed by the work machine.
- a plurality of slots are formed on the current terrain by excavating the current terrain of the work site by a work machine.
- an excavation wall is formed between the plurality of slots.
- the excavated wall is a pile of soil (berms) left along the slot.
- Patent Document 1 describes the conditions for starting the work of excavating and removing the excavation wall. For example, the controller determines whether or not to start excavation of the excavation wall based on the difference in the depths of the slots adjacent to both sides of the excavation wall or the width of the excavation wall.
- Patent Document 1 does not disclose the specific operation of the work machine for excavating the excavation wall.
- the excavation work of the excavation wall requires skill. Therefore, the excavation work of the excavation wall is not easy for the inexperienced operator.
- An object of the present disclosure is to easily perform excavation work of an excavation wall by automatic control of a work machine.
- the system according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is a system for controlling a work machine.
- the system according to this aspect includes a position sensor and a controller.
- the position sensor outputs position data indicating the position of the work machine.
- the controller acquires the position data.
- the controller acquires the current terrain data.
- the current terrain data includes the position of the first slot, the position of the second slot, and the position of the first excavation wall.
- the first slot extends in a predetermined working direction.
- the second slot is located on the side of the first slot.
- the first excavation wall is located between the first slot and the second slot.
- the controller determines multiple candidate paths. Each of the plurality of candidate paths crosses the first excavation wall from the first slot to the second slot and extends in each of the plurality of directions.
- the controller calculates the evaluation function of the route search algorithm for each of the plurality of candidate paths.
- the controller determines, among the plurality of candidate paths, the one with the optimum evaluation function as the first excavation path.
- the controller controls the work machine according to the first excavation path.
- the method according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is a method for controlling a work machine.
- the method according to this aspect includes the following processing.
- the first process is to acquire position data indicating the position of the work machine.
- the second process is to acquire the current topographical data.
- the current terrain data includes the position of the first slot, the position of the second slot, and the position of the first excavation wall.
- the first slot extends in a predetermined working direction.
- the second slot is located on the side of the first slot.
- the first excavation wall is located between the first slot and the second slot.
- the third process is to determine a plurality of candidate paths. Each of the plurality of candidate paths crosses the first excavation wall from the first slot to the second slot and extends in each of the plurality of directions.
- the fourth process is to calculate the evaluation function of the route search algorithm for each of the plurality of candidate paths.
- the fifth process is to determine the one having the optimum evaluation function among the plurality of candidate paths as the first excavation path.
- the sixth process is to control the work machine according to the first excavation path.
- the order in which the above processes are executed is not limited to the order described above, and may be changed.
- the excavation work of the excavation wall can be easily performed by the automatic control of the work machine.
- the vehicle body 11 has a driver's cab 14 and an engine chamber 15.
- a driver's seat (not shown) is arranged in the driver's cab 14.
- the engine chamber 15 is arranged in front of the driver's cab 14.
- the traveling device 12 is attached to the lower part of the vehicle body 11.
- the traveling device 12 has a pair of left and right tracks 16. In FIG. 1, only the left track 16 is shown. As the track 16 rotates, the work machine 1 travels.
- the work machine 13 is attached to the vehicle body 11.
- the working machine 13 has a lift frame 17, a blade 18, and a lift cylinder 19.
- the lift frame 17 is attached to the vehicle body 11 so as to be movable up and down.
- the lift frame 17 supports the blade 18.
- the blade 18 is arranged in front of the vehicle body 11.
- the blade 18 moves up and down as the lift frame 17 moves up and down.
- the lift cylinder 19 is connected to the vehicle body 11 and the lift frame 17. As the lift cylinder 19 expands and contracts, the lift frame 17 moves up and down.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive system 2 of the work machine 1 and the control system 3.
- the drive system 2 includes an engine 22, a hydraulic pump 23, and a power transmission device 24.
- a control valve 26 is arranged between the hydraulic actuator 25 and the hydraulic pump 23.
- the control valve 26 is a proportional control valve and controls the flow rate of hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 23 to the lift cylinder 19.
- the control valve 26 may be a pressure proportional control valve.
- the control valve 26 may be an electromagnetic proportional control valve.
- the power transmission device 24 transmits the driving force of the engine 22 to the traveling device 12.
- the power transmission device 24 may be, for example, a torque converter or a transmission having a plurality of transmission gears.
- the power transmission device 24 may be another type of power transmission device such as HST (Hydro Static Transmission).
- the processor 39 is, for example, a CPU, but may be another type of processor 39.
- the processor 39 executes a process for controlling the work machine 1 based on computer commands and data stored in the memory 38 or the storage 34.
- the communication device 33 is, for example, a module for wireless communication, and communicates with an external device of the work machine 1.
- the communication device 33 may use a mobile communication network.
- the communication device 33 may use a LAN (Local Area Network) or another network such as the Internet.
- LAN Local Area Network
- the machine position sensor 32 detects the position of the work machine 1.
- the machine position sensor 32 includes, for example, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver such as a GPS (Global Positioning System).
- the machine position sensor 32 is mounted on the vehicle body 11. Alternatively, the machine position sensor 32 may be mounted at another position such as the working machine 13.
- the controller 31 acquires the current position data indicating the current position of the work machine 1 from the machine position sensor 32.
- the controller 31 controls these devices by outputting command signals to the engine 22, the hydraulic pump 23, the power transmission device 24, and the control valve 26.
- the controller 31 operates the hydraulic actuator 25 by controlling the capacity of the hydraulic pump 23 and the opening degree of the control valve 26. As a result, the working machine 13 can be operated.
- the controller 31 automatically runs the work machine 1 by controlling the engine 22 and the power transmission device 24. Further, the controller 31 automatically controls the working machine 13 by controlling the engine 22, the hydraulic pump 23, and the control valve 26.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the current terrain 40 of the work site.
- the work machine 1 determines the target design surface 41. At least a part of the target design surface 41 is located below the current terrain 40.
- the target design surface 41 extends in a predetermined working direction A1.
- the target design surface 41 may be predetermined and stored in the storage 34.
- the controller 31 may determine the target design surface 41 from the current terrain 40. Alternatively, the target design surface 41 may be input by the operator via the input device 35.
- the controller 31 moves the work machine 1 to the next start position 102 located behind the previous start position 101. Then, the controller 31 controls the work machine 1 to move it from the start position 102 to the soil discharge position D1. As a result, the existing terrain 40 is excavated from the start position 102, and the excavated earth and sand is carried to the earth discharge position D1.
- the first slot S1 extending in the predetermined working direction A1 is formed in the current terrain 40.
- the control for generating the first slot S1 is not limited to the one described above, and may be changed.
- the controller 31 controls the work machine 1 to sequentially form a plurality of slots S1-S4 on the current terrain 40.
- the plurality of slots S1-S4 are arranged side by side with each other.
- the lateral direction is a direction that intersects the predetermined working direction A1.
- the plurality of slots S1-S4 are arranged at intervals from each other. Therefore, excavation walls W1-W3 are formed between the slots S1-S4.
- the automatic control of the excavation work of the excavation walls W1-W3 performed by the work machine 1 at the work site will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the automatic control process of the work machine 1.
- the controller 31 acquires the current position data.
- the controller 31 acquires the current position data from the machine position sensor 32.
- step S102 the controller 31 acquires the current terrain data.
- the current terrain data is data indicating the current terrain 40 of the work site.
- the current terrain data includes the plane coordinates and height of the surface of the current terrain 40.
- the current terrain data includes the positions of slots S1-S4 and the positions of excavation walls W1-W3 described above.
- FIG. 6 is a top view showing an example of the current topography 40.
- the controller 31 excavates the excavation walls W1-W3 within the work range 100 at the work site.
- the work range 100 may be predetermined and stored in the storage 34.
- the working range 100 may be automatically determined by the controller 31. Alternatively, the working range 100 may be input by the operator via the input device 35.
- the current terrain 40 within the working range 100 includes the first to fourth slots S1-S4.
- the first to fourth slots S1-S4 extend in a predetermined working direction A1.
- the first to fourth slots S1-S4 are arranged side by side with each other.
- the first to fourth slots S1-S4 are arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other.
- the current terrain 40 within the work range 100 includes the first to third excavation walls W1-W3.
- the first excavation wall W1 is located between the first slot S1 and the second slot S2.
- the second excavation wall W2 is located between the second slot S2 and the third slot S3.
- the third excavation wall W3 is located between the third slot S3 and the fourth slot S4.
- the first to third excavation walls W1-W3 extend in a predetermined working direction A1.
- the current terrain data may be stored in the storage 34 in advance.
- the controller 31 may acquire the current terrain data by recording the locus of the bottom of the working machine 13 or the traveling device 12. Alternatively, the current terrain data may be measured by a lidar (LIDAR: Laser Imaging Detection and Ringing) or a measuring device such as a camera. The controller 31 may acquire the current terrain data from the measuring device.
- the measuring device may be mounted on the work machine 1. The measuring device may be arranged outside the work machine 1.
- step S103 the controller 31 acquires the soil removal positions D1-D4.
- the soil discharge positions D1-D4 are located in front of the slots S1-S4 in the predetermined working direction A1.
- the soil discharge position D1-D4 includes the first to fourth soil discharge positions D1-D4.
- the first to fourth soil discharge positions D1-D4 are located in front of the first to fourth slots S1-S4 in the predetermined working direction A1, respectively.
- step S104 the controller 31 determines the traveling path P1-Pn.
- 7 to 9 are views showing an example of the traveling path P1-Pn. As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the controller 31 determines a plurality of traveling paths P1-Pn for dumping all the excavated walls W1-W3 within the working range 100 to the soil removal positions D1-D4. In the example shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the controller 31 assigns the first to nth traveling paths P1-Pn to the excavation walls W1-W3 in order in the lateral direction.
- the controller 31 assigns the first to third traveling paths P1-P3 to the first to third excavation walls W1-W3 in order. As shown in FIG. 8, the controller 31 folds the allocation order in the opposite direction at the third excavation wall W3. The controller 31 allocates the fourth to sixth traveling paths P4-P6 in order from the remaining portion of the third excavation wall W3 to the remaining portion of the first excavation wall W1. As shown in FIG. 9, the controller 31 folds the allocation order in the opposite direction at the first excavation wall W1. In the same manner as described above, the controller 31 allocates the seventh to nth traveling paths P7-Pn in order from the remaining portion of the first excavation wall W1 to the remaining portion of the third excavation wall W3.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the first traveling path P1 and the second traveling path P2.
- the first traveling path P1 includes a first excavation path PA1, a first soil transportation path PB1, and a first reverse path PC1.
- the first excavation path PA1 includes a straight line crossing the first excavation wall W1 from the first slot S1 to the second slot S2.
- the first excavation path PA1 is inclined with respect to the predetermined working direction A1.
- the first excavation path PA1 extends from the start position ST1 on the first slot S1 side to a position on the second slot S2.
- the first soil transport path PB1 is a straight line extending from the first excavation path PA1 to the second soil discharge position D2.
- the first soil pass PB1 extends in a predetermined working direction A1 on the second slot S2.
- the controller 31 determines the first soil transportation path PB1 from the first excavation path PA1 and the second soil discharge position D2.
- the first reverse path PC1 extends from the second soil discharge position D2 to the next start position ST2.
- the controller 31 determines the first reverse path PC1 from the first excavation path PA1, the second soil discharge position D2, and the next start position ST2.
- the second traveling path P2 includes the second excavation path PA2, the second soil transportation path PB2, and the second reverse path PC2.
- the second excavation path PA2 includes a straight line crossing the second excavation wall W2 from the second slot S2 toward the third slot S3.
- the second excavation path PA2 is inclined with respect to the predetermined working direction A1.
- the second excavation path PA2 extends from the start position ST2 on the second slot S2 side to a position on the third slot S3.
- the second soil transport path PB2 is a straight line extending from the second excavation path PA2 to the third soil discharge position D3.
- the second soil pass PB2 extends in a predetermined working direction A1 on the third slot S3.
- the controller 31 determines the second soil transportation path PB2 from the second excavation path PA2 and the third soil discharge position D3.
- the second reverse path PC2 extends from the third soil discharge position D3 to the next start position ST3.
- the controller 31 determines the second reverse path PC2 from the second excavation path PA2, the third soil discharge position D3, and the next start position ST3.
- the other traveling paths also include an excavation path, a soil transportation path, and a reverse path, respectively, as in the first traveling path P1 and the second traveling path P2.
- the controller 31 determines the start position ST1-STn based on, for example, the positions of the excavation walls W1-W3.
- the controller 31 may determine a position at a predetermined distance and away from the excavation walls W1-W3 as the start position ST1-STn.
- the controller 31 may set an arbitrary start line and determine the position on the start line as the start position ST1-STn.
- step S105 the controller 31 controls the work machine 1 according to the traveling path P1-Pn.
- the controller 31 controls the work machine 1 according to the first traveling path P1.
- the controller 31 moves the work machine 1 along the first excavation path PA1.
- the controller 31 moves the work machine 1 along the first soil transportation path PB1 following the first excavation path PA1.
- the controller 31 moves the work machine 1 along the first reverse path PC1 following the first soil path PB1.
- the work machine 1 excavates a part or all of the first excavation wall W1 and dumps the excavated earth and sand at the second excavation position D2.
- the controller 31 controls the work machine 1 according to the second travel path P2 following the first travel path P1. Specifically, the controller 31 moves the work machine 1 from the start position ST2 along the second excavation path PA2. The controller 31 moves the work machine 1 along the second soil transportation path PB2 following the second excavation path PA2. The controller 31 moves the work machine 1 along the second reverse path PC2 following the second soil path PB2. As a result, the work machine 1 excavates a part or all of the second excavation wall W2 and dumps the excavated earth and sand at the third excavation position D3.
- the work machine 1 travels in order along the first to nth travel paths P1-Pn, and the work machine 13 drives the excavation wall W1-W3.
- the work machine 1 is controlled so as to excavate.
- the traveling paths P7 to Pn when excavating the last portion of each excavation wall W1-W3 extend in a predetermined work direction A1 along each excavation wall W1-W3. May be good. Alternatively, like other traveling paths, it may extend in a direction inclined with respect to a predetermined working direction A1.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the mth traveling path Pm (1 ⁇ m ⁇ n).
- the mth traveling path Pm is an arbitrary traveling path among the first to nth traveling paths P1-Pn. As shown in FIG. 11, the mth traveling path Pm includes the mth excavation path PAm, the mth soil transportation path PBm, and the mth reverse path PCm.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a process for determining an excavation path.
- the controller 31 determines the candidate paths Mi, j of the mth excavation path PAm.
- the controller 31 determines the candidate paths Mi and j of the mth excavation path PAm based on the current topographical data.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of candidate paths Mi and j of the m-th excavation path PAm.
- the controller 31 determines the reference point Ri on the m + 1 slot Sm + 1.
- the controller 31 determines one or more reference points Ri along the center line of the m + 1 slot Sm + 1. For example, the controller 31 determines the position at regular distances along the center line of the m + 1 slot Sm + 1 as the reference point Ri.
- Candidate paths Mi and j of the first m excavation path PAm extend in different directions by predetermined angles ⁇ .
- the candidate paths Mi and j of the m-th excavation path PAm may extend from a predetermined reference line in different directions by a predetermined angle ⁇ .
- the reference line may be determined in consideration of work efficiency.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ may be determined in consideration of the efficiency of work and the calculation cost in the controller 31.
- step S202 the controller 31 calculates an evaluation function for each of the candidate paths Mi and j of the first excavation path PA1.
- the evaluation function is, for example, a function in the A * algorithm. However, the evaluation function may be a function of another route search algorithm such as Dijkstra's algorithm or Greedy's algorithm.
- the function g (m) indicates the working time by the working machine 1.
- h (m) indicates the amount of soil remaining on the excavation walls W1-W3.
- the working time by the work machine 1 is, for example, the moving time from the start position STm to the next start position STm + 1 via the mth soil discharge position Dm + 1.
- the controller 31 calculates the working time from, for example, the set vehicle speed, the moving distance, and the traction force of the working machine 1.
- step S203 the controller 31 determines, among the plurality of candidate paths Mi, j, the one that minimizes the evaluation function f (m) as the m-th excavation path. That is, the controller 31 determines, among the plurality of candidate paths Mi, j, the one that minimizes the evaluation function f (m) as the mth excavation path PAm. The controller 31 determines the mth traveling path Pm based on the mth excavation path PAm.
- step S204 the controller 31 determines whether the remaining soil volume Vr of the excavation walls W1-W3 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value Vth.
- the predetermined threshold value Vth may be 0.
- the predetermined threshold value Vth may be a value small enough to be regarded as dumping substantially all of the excavated walls W1-W3.
- the process returns to step S201, and the controller 31 determines the next travel path.
- the controller 31 ends the determination of the traveling path. That is, the controller 31 repeats the determination of the traveling path until the remaining soil amount Vr of the excavation walls W1-W3 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value Vth.
- a plurality of candidate paths Mi and j that cross the excavation walls W1-W3 are determined. Then, the excavation path PAm that minimizes the evaluation function f (m) is determined from the plurality of candidate paths Mi and j. Therefore, the excavation work of the excavation wall can be easily performed by the automatic control of the work machine 1.
- the work machine 1 is not limited to the bulldozer, and may be another machine such as a wheel loader.
- the traveling device 12 is not limited to the crawler belt, and may include tires.
- the work machine 1 may be a vehicle that can be remotely controlled. In that case, the driver's cab may be omitted from the work machine 1.
- a part of the control system 3 may be arranged outside the work machine 1.
- the controller 31 may have a plurality of controllers 31 that are separate from each other.
- the controller 31 may include a remote controller 311 arranged outside the work machine 1 and an in-vehicle controller 312 mounted on the work machine 1.
- the remote controller 311 and the vehicle-mounted controller 312 may be able to communicate wirelessly via the communication devices 33 and 36.
- a part of the functions of the controller 31 described above may be executed by the remote controller 311 and the remaining functions may be executed by the in-vehicle controller 312.
- the process of determining the excavation path may be executed by the remote controller 311 and the process of operating the work machine 1 may be executed by the vehicle-mounted controller 312.
- the automatic control of the work machine 1 may be a semi-automatic control performed in combination with a manual operation by an operator.
- the automatic control may be a fully automatic control performed without manual operation by the operator.
- the work machine 1 may be remotely controlled by the operator operating the operation device 37 arranged outside the work machine 1.
- the process for excavating the excavation wall is not limited to the process described above, and may be changed. For example, a part of the above processing may be changed or omitted. A process different from the above process may be added to the process for performing the excavation work of the excavation wall.
- Excavation work of the excavation wall may be performed by a plurality of work machines 1 at the same time.
- the controllers mounted on the plurality of work machines 1 may autonomously execute the above control.
- a controller common to the plurality of work machines 1 may execute the above control on the plurality of work machines 1.
- the order of excavation of the excavation wall is not limited to that of the above embodiment, and may be changed.
- the controller 31 may determine the traveling paths P1-P3 in order from the start end to the end of the first excavation wall W1.
- the controller 31 determines the first traveling path P1 with respect to the first excavation wall W1.
- the first travel path P1 includes a first excavation path PA1 that crosses the first portion W11 of the first excavation wall W1.
- the first portion W11 includes the starting end of the first excavation wall W1.
- the controller 31 determines the second traveling path P2 with respect to the first excavation wall W1.
- the second travel path P2 includes the second excavation path PA2.
- the second excavation path PA2 is located in front of the first excavation path PA1.
- the second excavation path PA2 crosses the second portion W12 of the first excavation wall W1.
- the second portion W12 is located in front of the first portion W11.
- the controller 31 repeats the determination of the traveling path for the first excavation wall W1 until the end of the first excavation wall W1 is reached. As shown in FIG. 17, the controller 31 determines the kth traveling path Pk with respect to the first excavation wall W1.
- the k-th traveling path Pk includes the k-th excavation path PAk.
- the k-th excavation path PAk crosses the k-th portion W1k of the first excavation wall W1.
- the kth portion W1k includes the end of the first excavation wall W1.
- the controller 31 may determine the traveling path in order from the start end to the end of the second excavation wall W2. After that, the controller 31 may determine the traveling path in order from the start end to the end of the third excavation wall W3.
- the number of excavated walls (m) is three. However, the number of excavated walls (m) may be less than or greater than three.
- the method for determining the candidate path is not limited to that of the above embodiment, and may be changed.
- the reference point is not limited to the center line of the m + 1 slot Sm + 1, and may be located away from the center line.
- the evaluation function f (m) is not limited to the working time or the remaining amount of soil, and may include other parameters.
- the evaluation function f (m) may include the travel distance of the work machine 1 or the fuel consumption.
- the evaluation function f (m) may include a fall probability based on the slope of the current terrain.
- the evaluation function has the minimum value as the optimum solution.
- the evaluation function may have the maximum value as the optimum solution.
- the controller may determine the excavation path that maximizes the evaluation function among the plurality of candidate paths.
- the excavation work of the excavation wall can be easily performed by the automatic control of the work machine.
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
f(m)=g(m)+h(m) (1)
関数g(m)は、作業機械1による作業時間を示す。h(m)は、掘削壁W1-W3の残りの土量を示す。作業機械1による作業時間は、例えば、スタート位置STmから、第m排土位置Dm+1を経由して次のスタート位置STm+1までの移動時間である。コントローラ31は、例えば、設定された車速と、移動距離と、作業機械1のけん引力とから、作業時間を算出する。
31 コントローラ
32 機械位置センサ
S1 第1スロット
S2 第2スロット
Mi,j 候補パス
PA1 第1掘削パス
PB1 第1運土パス
PA2 第2掘削パス
Ri 参照点
W1 第1掘削壁
W2 第2掘削壁
Claims (10)
- 作業機械を制御するためのシステムであって、
前記作業機械の位置を示す位置データを出力する位置センサと、
前記位置データを取得するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記コントローラは、
所定の作業方向に延びる第1スロットの位置と、前記第1スロットの側方に位置する第2スロットの位置と、前記第1スロットと前記第2スロットとの間に位置する第1掘削壁の位置とを含む現況地形データを取得し、
前記第1スロットから前記第2スロットへ向かって前記第1掘削壁を横断し、複数方向にそれぞれ延びる複数の候補パスを決定し、
前記複数の候補パスのそれぞれについて、経路探索アルゴリズムの評価関数を算出し、
前記複数の候補パスのうち、前記評価関数を最適とするものを第1掘削パスとして決定し、
前記第1掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御する、
システム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記第2スロットに対応する排土位置を取得し、
前記第1掘削パスから前記第2スロットに沿って前記排土位置まで延びる第1運土パスを決定し、
前記第1掘削パスに続いて前記第1運土パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御する、
請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記第2スロット上の1以上の参照点を決定し、
前記1以上の参照点から前記複数方向にそれぞれ延びるように前記複数の候補パスを決定する、
請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記現況地形データは、前記第2スロットの側方に位置する第3スロットの位置と、前記第2スロットと前記第3スロットとの間に位置する第2掘削壁の位置とをさらに含み、
前記コントローラは、
前記第2スロットから前記第3スロットへ向かって前記第2掘削壁を横断する第2掘削パスを決定し、
前記第1運土パスの後、前記第2掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御する、
請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、
前記所定の作業方向に向かって、前記第1掘削パスの前方に位置し、前記第1掘削壁を横断する第2掘削パスを決定し、
前記第1運土パスの後、前記第2掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御する、
請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 作業機械を制御するための方法であって、
前記作業機械の位置を示す位置データを取得することと、
所定の作業方向に延びる第1スロットの位置と、前記第1スロットの側方に位置する第2スロットの位置と、前記第1スロットと前記第2スロットとの間に位置する第1掘削壁の位置とを含む現況地形データを取得することと、
前記第1スロットから前記第2スロットに向かって前記第1掘削壁を横断し、複数方向にそれぞれ延びる複数の候補パスを決定することと、
前記複数の候補パスのそれぞれについて、経路探索アルゴリズムの評価関数を算出することと、
前記複数の候補パスのうち、前記評価関数を最適とするものを第1掘削パスとして決定することと、
前記第1掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御すること、
を備える方法。
- 前記第2スロットに対応する排土位置を取得することと、
前記第1掘削パスから前記第2スロットに沿って前記排土位置まで延びる第1運土パスを決定することと、
前記第1掘削パスに続いて前記第1運土パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御すること、
をさらに備える、
請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記第2スロット上の1以上の参照点を決定することと、
前記1以上の参照点から前記複数方向にそれぞれ延びるように前記複数の候補パスを決定すること、
をさらに備える、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記現況地形データは、前記第2スロットの側方に位置する第3スロットの位置と、前記第2スロットと前記第3スロットとの間に位置する第2掘削壁の位置とをさらに含み、
前記第2スロットから前記第3スロットに向かって前記第2掘削壁を横断する第2掘削パスを決定することと、
前記第1運土パスの後、前記第2掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御すること、
をさらに備える、
請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記所定の作業方向に向かって、前記第1掘削パスの前方に位置し、前記第1掘削壁を横断する第2掘削パスを決定することと、
前記第1運土パスの後、前記第2掘削パスに従って、前記作業機械を制御すること、
をさらに備える、
請求項7に記載の方法。
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CA3155835A CA3155835A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2020-12-07 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A CONSTRUCTION MACHINE |
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US20230134855A1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and method for controlling travel of work machine |
JP2024011184A (ja) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-25 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業機械を制御するためのシステム及び方法 |
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