WO2021131460A1 - 高強度継目無鋼管およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells and gas wells, particularly in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide, which has excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance (SSC resistance).
- SSC resistance sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the high-strength seamless steel pipe.
- Patent Document 1 states that, in terms of weight%, C: 0.2 to 0.35%, Cr: 0.2 to 0.7%, Mo: 0.1 to 0.5. %, V: An oil well with improved sulfide stress corrosion cracking, which is made of low alloy steel containing 0.1 to 0.3% and specifies the total amount of precipitated carbide and the ratio of MC type carbide in it. Steel is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 in terms of mass%, C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.10 to 1.0%, P: 0.025. % Or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1.0%, Al: 0.003 to 0.08%, N: 0.008%
- B 0.0005 to 0.010%
- Nb 0.05% or less
- Zr 0.
- the properties of inclusions in steel containing one or more selected from 05% or less and V: 0.30% or less the maximum length and the number of continuous non-metal inclusions of 20 ⁇ m or more.
- a steel material for oil wells with improved sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 in terms of mass%, C: 0.15 to 0.35%, Si: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.1 to 2.5%, P: 0.025.
- Patent Document 4 in terms of mass%, C: 0.2 to 0.35%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.0%, P: 0.025. % Or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.0%, Mo: 0.5 to 1.0%, Ti: 0.002 to [211] of steel containing 0.05%, V: 0.05 to 0.3%, B: 0.0001 to 0.005%, N: 0.01% or less, O: 0.01% or less.
- the sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance of steels of the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 refers to NACE (abbreviation of National Association of Corrosion Engineering) TM0177 method A for a round bar tensile test piece. It means the presence or absence of SSC generation when immersed in the test bath described in TM0177 for 720 hours with a constant stress applied.
- the sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance of steel of the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4 is hydrogen sulfide corrosion obtained by carrying out a DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) test specified in NACE TM0177 method D. It means that the stress intensity factor K ISSC value in the environment satisfies the specified value or more.
- DCB Double Cantilever Beam
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-178682 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-172739 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-60893 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-350754
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram illustrating a method of deriving the KILIMIT value.
- K I LIMIT value the K ISSC value obtained in a plurality of DCB tests under different test conditions and the stress concentration state K I applied at the tip of the test piece notch before the start of the DCB test are plotted as shown in FIG. a primary regression line of K ISSC values, determined from the intersection of the line K ISSC value and K Iapplied is one-to-one.
- the vertical axis shows the K ISSC value
- the horizontal axis shows the K I applied.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and has excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide while having high strength of API standard C110 class or higher (). SSC resistance), specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength seamless steel pipe that stably exhibits a high KILIMIT value. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the high-strength seamless steel pipe.
- the present inventors have conducted diligent studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- three types of steel pipe materials (steel Nos. A to C) having a component composition satisfying the API standard shown in Table 1 are prepared, the outer diameter is 311 mm, the wall thickness is 27.8 mm, and the yield strength of the steel pipe is high.
- Various different test steel pipes (seamless steel pipes) were manufactured by various manufacturing processes.
- "-" shown in Table 1 indicates that it is not intentionally added, and means that it includes not only the case where it is not contained (0%) but also the case where it is unavoidably contained.
- h is the arm height of the DCB test specimen (height of each arm)
- B is the thickness of the DCB test specimen
- B n is the web thickness of the DCB test specimen (web Thickness) Yes (see Figure 2).
- the target of the KI LIMIT value was set to 23.0 MPa ⁇ m or more based on the assumed maximum notch defect of the well pipe and the load loading condition.
- the thickness of the wedge described above was set to three levels of 2.76 mm, 2.89 mm, and 3.02 mm, and each was applied to three or more test pieces.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of arranging the KI LIMIT values according to the yield strength (YS) of the steel pipes for each test.
- the ⁇ plot in FIG. 4 is the result of the 1QT material described later
- the ⁇ plot is the result of the 2QT material described later
- the ⁇ plot is the result of the 3QT material described later
- the ⁇ plot is the result of the DQ-QT material described later.
- the result From the results shown in FIG. 4, it was found that the KI LIMIT value greatly differs depending on the manufacturing process of the seamless steel pipe even with the same yield strength.
- various experimental blocks for hot rolling were collected from the above three types of steel pipe materials used for test pipe making.
- a small hot rolling mill, a cooling device, and a heating furnace plate rolling and direct quenching experiments were conducted to simulate hot forming of seamless steel pipes and subsequent direct quenching.
- the rolled material was reheated and quenched, and tempered to adjust the yield strength to API standard C110 class, and then DCB test pieces were collected and a DCB test was carried out.
- the test conditions were the same as the above conditions.
- the relationship between the KI LIMIT value obtained from the DCB test results and various rolling conditions was investigated, and in particular, the intermediate heating performed between drilling / spreading rolling of seamless steel pipes and constant diameter rolling was performed. It was found that the lower the starting temperature, the better the KI LIMIT value.
- FIG. 5 shows the manufacturing process of the seamless steel pipe.
- the present inventors perform intermediate cooling before the intermediate heating performed between the drilling / spreading rolling and the constant diameter rolling from the conventional seamless steel pipe manufacturing process. I came up with a new process to do. Furthermore, it has been found that in this intermediate cooling, the cooling stop temperature (specifically, the reheating temperature after the intermediate cooling described later) and the time until the subsequent intermediate heating is started are important.
- FIG. 7 shows the waiting time tW (seconds) until the start of intermediate heating and the value obtained by subtracting the martensitic transformation temperature Ms (° C) of the sample from the recovery temperature Tr (° C) after intermediate cooling (Tr ⁇ Ms).
- the figure which arranged the KILIMIT value by (° C.) is shown.
- recuperation temperature Tr after intercooler (°C) is, (Ms + 150 °C) if it exceeds, regardless of the waiting time tW to intermediate heating start, it was found that K ILIMIT value can not satisfy the target. This is because even if intermediate cooling is performed, if the cooling stop temperature (specifically, the reheat temperature after intermediate cooling described later) exceeds (Ms + 150 ° C.), the transformation occurs between cooling and the start of intermediate heating. It is considered that this is because (it is considered to be a bainite metamorphosis) does not occur. Further, from FIG. 7, as the recuperation temperature Tr after the intermediate cooling is low, K ILIMIT value even if the waiting time tW to intermediate heating start is short has been found that can satisfy the target.
- the reason for this is that if the recovery temperature Tr after the intermediate cooling is (Ms + 150 ° C.) or less due to the intermediate cooling, the bainite transformation starts, and the bainite transformation proceeds during the waiting time until the intermediate heating starts. Then, reverse transformation occurs during the subsequent intermediate heating. As a result, it is considered that the KI LIMIT value is improved by making the crystal grains finer.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings, and has the following gist.
- the K I LIMIT value is (i) the stress intensity factor K ISSC value obtained in a plurality of DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) tests having different test conditions, and the stress concentration state at the tip of the test piece notch before the start of the DCB test. It is a value obtained from the intersection of the first-order regression line with K I applied and (ii) the straight line where the K ISSC value and K I applied are one-to-one.
- K I LIMIT value is (i) the stress intensity factor K ISSC value obtained in a plurality of DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) tests having different test conditions, and the stress concentration state at the tip of the test piece notch before the start of the DCB test. It is a value obtained from the intersection of the first-order regression line with K I applied and (ii) the straight line where the K ISSC value and K I applied are one-to-one.
- the composition of the components is further increased by mass%.
- the method for producing a high-strength seamless steel pipe according to any one of [1] to [4]. The process of heating the steel pipe material to a heating temperature in the temperature range of 1200 to 1300 ° C. After the heating step, the first hot rolling step of performing hot rolling for drilling and stretching under the condition that the rolling end temperature is 800 ° C. or higher, and After the completion of the first hot rolling step, the average cooling rate of the steel pipe raw pipe is 40 ° C./s or more from the cooling start temperature of 700 ° C.
- the reheat temperature Tr of the steel pipe raw pipe surface is the martensite transformation start temperature.
- the ferrite transformation start temperature is Ar3
- hot rolling of a constant diameter is started from a temperature of (Ar3 + 100 ° C.) or higher, and the hot rolling is finished at a temperature of (Ar3 + 50 ° C.) or higher.
- Direct quenching process and After the direct quenching step, a heat treatment step of performing at least one heat treatment of reheating to a temperature range of 850 to 930 ° C., quenching, and then heating to a temperature of 650 to 730 ° C. for tempering is performed.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention is excellent in sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance (SSC resistance).
- SSC resistance sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance
- This "excellent in sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance” is a DCB test based on NACE TM0177 method D, in which 5% by mass NaCl and 0 at 24 ° C. saturated with hydrogen sulfide gas at 1 atm (0.1 MPa).
- K ISSC MPa ⁇ m
- K ILIMIT value refers to at least 23.0MPa ⁇ m.
- the present invention while having high strength of API standard C110 class or higher, excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance (SSC resistance) in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide, specifically, high KILIMIT. It is possible to provide a high-strength seamless steel pipe showing a value. The present invention can also provide a method for manufacturing the high-strength seamless steel pipe.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method of deriving the KI LIMIT value.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the shape and dimensions of the DCB test piece.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shape and dimensions of the wedge used in the DCB test.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the yield strength (YS) of steel pipes and the KI LIMIT value arranged for each manufacturing process of seamless steel pipes.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram comparing the conventional manufacturing process of a seamless steel pipe with the manufacturing process of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the time change of the temperature on the outer surface, the center of the wall thickness, and the inner surface of the steel pipe raw pipe when the water cooling of the seamless steel pipe raw pipe (steel pipe raw pipe) is calculated for heat transfer.
- Figure 7 shows the experimental material simulating the seamless steel pipe, and recuperation temperature after the intermediate water cooling, Fukunetsugo, the measurement results of the K ILIMIT value of the experimental material for each waiting time to the
- the yield strength of not less than 758 MPa, K ILIMIT value is an evaluation index of resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance is not less than 23.0MPa ⁇ m.
- the K I LIMIT value is (i) the stress intensity factor K ISSC value obtained in a plurality of DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) tests having different test conditions, and the stress concentration state at the tip of the test piece notch before the start of the DCB test. It is a value obtained from the intersection of the first-order regression line with K I applied and (ii) the straight line where the K ISSC value and K I applied are one-to-one.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention has a high strength of API standard C110 class or higher (yield strength of 758 MPa or higher), and further has excellent sulfide stress corrosion resistance in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide. Has cracking resistance (SSC resistance). Why the yield strength not less than 758 MPa, and more 23.0MPa ⁇ m the K ILIMIT value, because it is based on the contents described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the yield strength is preferably less than 862 MPa.
- the target of the KI LIMIT value was set to 23.0 MPa ⁇ m or more based on the assumed maximum notch defect of the well pipe and the load loading condition. It is preferably 24.0 MPa ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 25.0 MPa ⁇ m or more.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention has a steel structure in which the size of the old austenite grains is 10.5 or more with a crystal grain size number (hereinafter, referred to as "former austenite grain size") conforming to ASTM E112. It is preferable to have.
- the particle size of the old austenite is preferably 10.5 or more.
- the old austenite particle size is more preferably 11.0 or more, still more preferably 12.0 or more. From the viewpoint of the limit of fine granulation in actual production, the particle size of the old austenite is preferably 17.0 or less.
- the old austenite particle size can be measured by the method described in the examples of the present invention described later.
- C 0.23 to 0.27%
- C has an action of increasing the strength of steel, and in order to increase the yield strength of 758 MPa or more, it is preferable to contain C of 0.23% or more.
- C is preferably 0.23 to 0.27%.
- C is more preferably 0.24% or more. More preferably, it is 0.26% or less.
- Si 0.35% or less
- Si is an element that acts as a deoxidizer, dissolves in steel to increase the strength of steel, and suppresses rapid softening during tempering. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.01% or more of Si. On the other hand, if the content of Si exceeds 0.35%, coarse oxide-based inclusions may be formed and the KI LIMIT value may be deteriorated. Therefore, Si is preferably 0.35% or less. Si is more preferably 0.01% or more, still more preferably 0.02% or more. Si is more preferably 0.20% or less, still more preferably 0.04% or less.
- Mn 0.45 to 0.70%
- Mn is an element that increases the strength of steel through the improvement of hardenability and has the effect of binding to S to fix S as MnS and preventing grain boundary embrittlement due to S.
- Mn is preferably 0.45 to 0.70%.
- Mn is more preferably 0.50% or more, still more preferably 0.55% or more.
- Mn is more preferably 0.65% or less, still more preferably 0.60% or less.
- P 0.010% or less P may segregate at grain boundaries and the like in a solid solution state, causing grain boundary embrittlement cracks and the like. In the present invention, it is desirable to reduce P as much as possible, but up to 0.010% is acceptable. For this reason, P is preferably 0.010% or less. P is more preferably 0.008% or less. More preferably, it is 0.006% or less.
- S 0.0010% or less
- S is mostly present as sulfide-based inclusions in steel, and may reduce corrosion resistance such as ductility, toughness, and sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance.
- a part of S may exist in a solid solution state, but in that case, it may segregate at grain boundaries or the like and cause grain boundary embrittlement cracks or the like. Therefore, in the present invention, it is desirable to reduce S as much as possible, but excessive reduction increases the refining cost.
- S is preferably 0.0010% or less, which can tolerate its adverse effect. S is more preferably 0.0008% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0006% or less.
- Cr 0.80 to 1.20%
- Cr is an element that contributes to an increase in steel strength and improves corrosion resistance through an increase in hardenability. Further, Cr combines with C at the time of tempering to form carbides such as M 3 C series, M 7 C 3 series, and M 23 C 6 series, and in particular, M 3 C based carbides improve tempering softening resistance. , It contributes to the improvement of yield strength by reducing the change in strength due to tempering. In order to achieve a yield strength of 758 MPa or more, it is preferable to contain 0.80% or more of Cr. On the other hand, even if Cr is contained in excess of 1.20%, the effect is saturated, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, Cr is preferably 0.80 to 1.20%. Cr is more preferably 0.90% or more, still more preferably 0.95% or more. Cr is more preferably 1.10% or less, still more preferably 1.05% or less.
- Mo 0.50 to 0.90%
- Mo is an element that contributes to an increase in steel strength and improves corrosion resistance through an increase in hardenability. Further, Mo contributes to the improvement of yield strength by improving the temper softening resistance of Mo 2 C carbides, which are secondarily precipitated after tempering, and reducing the change in strength due to tempering. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.50% or more of Mo. On the other hand, even if Mo is contained in excess of 0.90%, the effect is saturated, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, Mo is preferably 0.50 to 0.90%. Mo is more preferably 0.60% or more, still more preferably 0.65% or more. Mo is more preferably 0.80% or less, still more preferably 0.75% or less.
- Al acts as an antacid and combines with N to form AlN, which contributes to the reduction of solid solution N.
- Al is contained in an amount of 0.040% or more.
- Al is preferably 0.080% or less.
- Al is more preferably 0.050% or more.
- Al is more preferably 0.070% or less.
- Cu 0.09% or less
- Cu is an element that has the effect of improving corrosion resistance, and when added in a small amount, dense corrosion products are formed, and the formation and growth of pits, which are the starting points of SSC, are suppressed. Sulfide resistance Stress corrosion cracking resistance is significantly improved. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to contain 0.02% or more of Cu. On the other hand, if Cu is contained in excess of 0.09%, the hot workability during the manufacturing process of the seamless steel pipe may decrease. Therefore, Cu is preferably 0.09% or less.
- Cu is more preferably 0.03% or more, still more preferably 0.04% or more.
- Cu is more preferably 0.07% or less, still more preferably 0.06% or less.
- Nb 0.050% or less Nb delays recrystallization in the austenite ( ⁇ ) temperature range, contributes to the miniaturization of ⁇ grains, and contributes to the refinement of the substructure (for example, packet, block, lath) at the end of steel quenching. It is an element that acts extremely effectively on miniaturization and also has the effect of forming carbides and strengthening steel. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.020% or more of Nb. On the other hand, the content of Nb exceeding 0.050% may promote the precipitation of coarse precipitates (NbN) and deteriorate the KI LIMIT value. Therefore, Nb is preferably 0.050% or less. Nb is more preferably 0.025% or more, still more preferably 0.030% or more.
- Nb is more preferably 0.045% or less, still more preferably 0.040% or less.
- the "packet” is defined as a region consisting of a group of laths having the same crystal habit plane arranged in parallel, and a “block” is composed of a group of laths parallel and having the same orientation.
- V 0.050% or less
- V is an element that forms carbides or nitrides and contributes to the strengthening of steel. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.020% or more of V. On the other hand, if V is contained in excess of 0.050%, the V-based carbide becomes coarse and becomes the starting point of sulfide stress corrosion cracking, which rather causes the KI LIMIT value to decrease. Therefore, V is preferably 0.050% or less. V is more preferably 0.025% or more, still more preferably 0.030% or more. V is more preferably 0.045% or less, still more preferably 0.040% or less.
- B 0.0015 to 0.0030%
- B is an element that contributes to the improvement of hardenability by containing a small amount. In the present invention, it is preferable to contain 0.0015% or more of B. On the other hand, even if B is contained in an amount of more than 0.0030%, the desired effect cannot be expected due to the saturation of the effect or the formation of Fe-boride (Fe-B), which is economically disadvantageous. there is a possibility. Therefore, B is preferably 0.0015 to 0.0030%. B is more preferably 0.0016% or more, still more preferably 0.0018% or more. B is more preferably 0.0027% or less, still more preferably 0.0023% or less.
- Ti forms a nitride, and the coarse Ti nitride may become the starting point of SSC and cause deterioration of the KI LIMIT value. Therefore, Ti is preferably 0.005% or less. Ti is more preferably 0.003% or less. Ti is more preferably 0.002% or less.
- O (oxygen) 0.0020% or less
- O (oxygen) is present in steel as an oxide such as Al or Si as an unavoidable impurity.
- O (oxygen) is preferably 0.0020% or less, which can tolerate the adverse effect.
- O (oxygen) is more preferably 0.0015% or less.
- O (oxygen) is more preferably 0.0010% or less.
- N 0.0050% or less
- N is an unavoidable impurity in steel and combines with nitride-forming elements such as Al, Nb and Ti to form an MN-type precipitate. Further, the remaining surplus N forming these nitrides combines with B to form a BN precipitate. At this time, since the effect of improving hardenability by adding B is lost, the excess N is preferably reduced as much as possible, and N is preferably 0.0050% or less. N is more preferably 0.0040% or less. N is more preferably 0.0030% or less.
- the rest other than the above components are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention preferably has the above-mentioned components as the basic component composition. With the above-mentioned suitable elements, the properties desired in the present invention can be obtained. For the purpose of further improving the strength and SSC resistance, Ca may be further contained in an amount of 0.0020% or less, if necessary.
- Ca 0.0020% or less
- Ca is effective in preventing nozzle clogging during continuous casting, and it is desirable that Ca contains 0.0005% or more in order to obtain the required effect. Further, it binds to S instead of Mn and fixes S as CaS to prevent grain boundary embrittlement due to S, and unlike MnS having ductility, it does not stretch in steel during hot rolling and is fine. By dispersing in steel in the state, sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance is improved.
- Ca forms an oxide-based non-metal inclusion compounded with Al, and particularly when Ca is contained in an amount of more than 0.0020%, a large number of coarse substances are present, which causes deterioration of the KI LIMIT value. Therefore, when Ca is contained, Ca is preferably 0.0020% or less. Ca is more preferably 0.0007% or more, still more preferably 0.0009% or more. Ca is more preferably 0.0015% or less, still more preferably 0.0012% or less.
- the method for producing a high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention includes a step of heating a steel pipe material having the above-mentioned specific component composition to a heating temperature in a temperature range of 1200 to 1300 ° C., and after the heating step, a rolling end temperature.
- the steel pipe raw pipe is cooled to 700 ° C. or higher.
- the condition that the average cooling rate is 40 ° C./s or more and the reheat temperature Tr of the surface of the steel pipe element is (Ms + 150 ° C.) or less when the martensite transformation start temperature calculated by the following formula (A) is Ms.
- the rolling mill is charged into the reheating furnace, and the surface temperature of the steel tube is 800 to 1000 ° C.
- the intermediate heating step of intermediate heating and the intermediate heating step when the ferrite transformation start temperature calculated by the following formula (B) is Ar3, hot rolling of a constant diameter is started from a temperature of (Ar3 + 100 ° C.) or higher.
- the second hot rolling step of terminating the hot rolling at a temperature of (Ar3 + 50 ° C.) or higher and the second hot rolling step the steel pipe raw pipe is heated from a temperature of (Ar3 + 10 ° C.) or higher.
- the direct rolling step is performed, and after the direct rolling step, reheating is performed in the temperature range of 850 to 930 ° C. It has a heat treatment step of performing at least one heat treatment in which rolling is performed and then heated to a temperature of 650 to 730 ° C. to perform tempering at least once.
- the reheating temperature Tr and the waiting time tW satisfies the following equation (1).
- the method for melting steel is not particularly limited.
- molten steel having the above-mentioned composition can be melted by a commonly known melting method such as a converter, an electric furnace, or a vacuum melting furnace.
- the molten steel casting method is preferably a continuous casting method.
- continuous casting either continuous casting is performed on a slab having a rectangular cross section such as a general slab or bloom, or direct continuous casting is performed on a slab having a circular cross section suitable for hot rolling into a seamless steel pipe. But it doesn't matter.
- the slab having the rectangular cross section is heated to a predetermined heating temperature and then hot-rolled to obtain a steel pipe material having a circular cross section.
- the temperatures such as the steel pipe material, the heating temperature of the steel pipe raw pipe, the hot rolling temperature, the cooling start temperature, the cooling stop temperature, and the heat treatment temperature are the surfaces of the steel pipe material and the steel pipe raw pipe.
- the temperature in the case of a steel pipe raw pipe, the temperature of the outer surface of the pipe can be measured with a radiation thermometer or the like.
- Heating temperature 1200-1300 ° C
- the steel pipe material is heated to the austenite phase region of the steel in order to hot-roll to obtain a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined shape.
- the heating temperature of the steel pipe material is set to 1200 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature of the steel pipe material is set to 1300 ° C.
- the rolling start temperature of the first hot rolling is not particularly limited, but the rolling start temperature of the first hot rolling is preferably 1280 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of preventing coarsening of austenite grains. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of surface defects during hot rolling, the rolling start temperature of the first hot rolling is preferably 1150 ° C. or higher.
- Cooling start temperature 700 ° C or higher.
- Average cooling rate 40 ° C / s or more
- the "average cooling rate” here means (Ms + 150 ° C.) when the outer surface temperature of the steel pipe base pipe is 700 ° C. and the martensitic transformation start temperature calculated by the formula (A) described later is Ms. It means the average cooling rate of the outer surface of the steel pipe in the temperature range up to. When the average cooling rate is less than 40 ° C./s, the bainite transformation cannot be started in the entire thickness direction of the steel pipe body.
- the average cooling rate during intermediate cooling is set to 40 ° C./s or higher. Preferably, it is 50 ° C./s or higher.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly specified, but if the cooling rate is too fast, it becomes extremely difficult to control the reheat temperature of the steel pipe base tube after cooling to a predetermined temperature, so that it is preferably 100 ° C./. It shall be s or less.
- the cooling method of the steel pipe raw pipe is not particularly limited, but it is easy to carry out this intermediate cooling between the hot rolling equipment and the intermediate heating furnace and control the reheat temperature of the steel pipe raw pipe after cooling to a predetermined temperature range. From this point of view, it is preferable to perform shower water cooling on the outer surface of the steel pipe base pipe or mist cooling.
- Reheat temperature Tr (Ms + 150 ° C.) or less
- the reheat temperature Tr of the steel pipe element immediately after intermediate cooling is set so that at least the entire area in the wall thickness direction of the steel pipe element starts bainite transformation.
- the bainite transformation temperature of steel is Ms, it must be (Ms + 150 ° C.) or less.
- FIG. 6 the time change of the outer surface, the center of the wall thickness, and the inner surface temperature of the steel pipe raw pipe having a pipe thickness of 28 mm (seamless steel pipe raw pipe) cooled from 800 ° C. using the heat transfer calculation.
- the cooling method was calculated as shower water cooling to the outer surface of the steel pipe body.
- the outer surface of the steel pipe raw pipe is once cooled to a low temperature and then reheated. Then, the reheated temperature converges to almost the same temperature as the center of the wall thickness and the inner surface. Therefore, if the reheat temperature of the outer surface of the steel pipe material is lowered to a predetermined temperature range, it is considered that the center of the wall thickness and the inner surface are also cooled to the same temperature range.
- recuperation temperature Tr is a temperature of greater than (Ms + 150 °C), can not achieve the 23.0MPa ⁇ m that K ILIMIT value is the target as shown in Figure 7, recuperation temperature Tr is the following (Ms + 150 °C) To do. Preferably, it is (Ms + 100 ° C.) or less. More preferably, it is (Ms + 80 ° C.) or less.
- the martensitic transformation start temperature Ms can be calculated by the following formula (A).
- each element symbol in the above formula (A) represents the content (mass%) of the element, and is set to 0 when the element is not contained.
- the lower limit of the recovery temperature Tr is not particularly specified, but the lower the temperature, the more the fuel intensity in the intermediate heating step to be continued, so from the economical point of view, the martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) or higher can be set. preferable. More preferably, it is (Ms + 30 ° C.) or higher. Incidentally, actually, even if the recuperator temperature Tr is equal to or less than the martensitic transformation starting temperature (Ms), K ILIMIT value can achieve 23.0MPa ⁇ m a target.
- K ILIMIT value in recuperator temperature Tr and latency tW obtained in simulation experiments the inventors boundaries that can satisfy the target is approximated quadratic curve to give (1).
- the bainite transformation is almost completed at the start of intermediate heating, and the reverse transformation due to the subsequent intermediate heating occurs.
- K ILIMIT value with the grain refining of crystal grains can achieve 23.0MPa ⁇ m a target. From the viewpoint of production efficiency, the waiting time tW until the start of intermediate heating is set to 300 seconds or less. It is preferably 250 seconds or less.
- the lower limit of the waiting time tW until the start of intermediate heating is not particularly specified, but when the equation (1) is satisfied, it is preferably 30 seconds or more in consideration of the equipment restrictions from intermediate cooling to intermediate heating. More preferably, it is 100 seconds or more.
- Intermediate heating temperature 800-1000 ° C Intermediate heating is performed for the purpose of reverse-transforming the intermediate-cooled steel pipe raw pipe to promote fine graining of crystal grains and for constant-diameter rolling of the seamless steel pipe to supplement the heat of the steel pipe raw pipe. If the intermediate heating temperature is less than 800 ° C, the reverse transformation of the steel pipe element does not end, so the target crystal grains are not refined and the KILIMIT value is lowered. Therefore, the intermediate heating temperature is set to 800 ° C or higher. To do. On the other hand, when the intermediate heating temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the grain growth causes the crystal grains to become coarser, so the intermediate heating temperature is set to 1000 ° C. or lower.
- Ar3 910 --273 ⁇ (% C) --74 ⁇ (% Mn) - 56 ⁇ (% Ni) ⁇ 16 ⁇ (% Cr) -9 ⁇ (% Mo) -5 ⁇ (% Cu)... (B)
- each element symbol in the above formula (B) represents the content (mass%) of the element, and is set to 0 when the element is not contained.
- the upper limit of the rolling start temperature of the second hot rolling is not particularly specified, but it is preferably 1000 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- Rolling end temperature Even when the end temperature of constant diameter rolling is (Ar3 + 50 ° C) or higher and less than (Ar3 + 50 ° C), the KILIMIT value is lowered due to the mixing of the structure by rolling.
- the end temperature is (Ar3 + 50 ° C.) or higher.
- the upper limit of the rolling end temperature of the second hot rolling is not particularly specified, but it is preferably 950 ° C. or lower.
- Direct quenching process Direct quenching start temperature: (Ar3 + 10 ° C.) or higher Following constant diameter rolling (second hot rolling), direct quenching (DQ) is performed on the steel pipe raw pipe. If the start temperature of direct quenching is less than (Ar3 + 10 ° C.), ferrite transformation occurs during direct quenching, and the effect of direct quenching becomes insufficient. Therefore, the starting temperature of direct quenching is set to (Ar3 + 10 ° C.) or higher.
- the upper limit of the starting temperature of the direct quenching process is not specified, but 900 ° C or less is preferable.
- Average cooling rate 40 ° C / s or more If the average cooling rate during direct quenching is less than 40 ° C / s, the effect of direct quenching will be insufficient, so the average cooling rate for direct quenching should be 40 ° C / s or more. .. Preferably, it is 50 ° C./s or higher.
- the "average cooling rate” here means the average cooling rate of the outer surface of the steel pipe in the temperature range from (Ar3 + 10 ° C.) to 200 ° C.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly specified, but 100 ° C./s or less is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing burning cracks during cooling.
- Cooling stop temperature 200 ° C or less If the cooling stop temperature exceeds 200 ° C, the effect of direct quenching will be insufficient, so the cooling stop temperature for direct quenching shall be 200 ° C or less. It is preferably 150 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 100 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the cooling stop temperature is not specified, but room temperature or higher is preferable from the viewpoint of cooling efficiency. More preferably, it is 50 ° C. or higher.
- the cooling method for direct quenching is not specified. Any method may be used as long as the specified average cooling rate can be achieved by immersing the steel pipe base pipe in a water tank, shower water cooling from the inner and outer surfaces of the steel pipe base pipe, or mist cooling.
- the quenching reheating temperature 850-930 ° C
- the steel pipe raw pipe is reheated and hardened in order to adjust the strength of the steel pipe raw pipe to the API standard C110 class. If the quenching reheating temperature is less than 850 ° C., the austenite transformation of the steel pipe is not completely completed, and this untransformed region causes a decrease in strength. Therefore, the quenching reheating temperature is set to 850 ° C. or higher. It is preferably 870 ° C. or higher. On the other hand, when the quenching reheating temperature exceeds 930 ° C., the crystal grains are coarsened and the KILIMIT value is lowered. Therefore, the quenching reheating temperature is set to 930 ° C. or lower. Preferably, it is 900 ° C. or lower.
- the cooling method at the time of reheating quenching is not specified as in the case of direct quenching.
- a method of immersing the steel pipe base pipe in a water tank, a method of shower water cooling from the inner and outer surfaces of the steel pipe base pipe, a method of mist cooling, or the like may be used.
- Tempering temperature 650-730 ° C
- tempering is performed following reheating quenching. If the tempering temperature is less than 650 ° C, the strength of the steel pipe becomes too high and the KILIMIT value is lowered. Therefore, the tempering temperature is set to 650 ° C or higher. The temperature is preferably 680 ° C or higher. On the other hand, when the tempering temperature exceeds 730 ° C., a reverse transformation occurs in a part of the steel and the strength is remarkably lowered. Therefore, the tempering temperature is set to 730 ° C. or lower. Preferably, it is 710 ° C. or lower.
- reheat quenching and tempering are performed one or more times.
- reheating quenching and tempering may be performed twice or more repeatedly.
- hot plate rolling simulating hot rolling-intermediate cooling-intermediate heating-hot rolling-direct quenching of seamless steel pipes was performed using a small rolling mill, a cooling device, and a heating furnace.
- the plate thickness of the rolled material and the heating / rolling / cooling conditions are shown in Tables 3-1 and 3-2.
- the temperature of the rolled sheet was measured by a thermocouple embedded in the side surface of the width end of the rolled material.
- a JIS14A round bar tensile test piece was collected from the heat-treated material based on JIS Z2241 (2011). Using this test piece, a room temperature tensile test was performed based on JIS Z2241 to measure the yield strength (YS) of the heat-treated material.
- a microscopic observation sample was taken from the same heat-treated material to confirm the refinement of the crystal grains.
- etching with a picral solution (picrinic acid-ethanol mixed solution) was performed to reveal the old austenite grain boundaries, and then a micrograph of four fields at random with an optical microscope at a magnification of 1000 times was taken. I took a picture.
- the particle size numbers of the old austenite grains photographed by the cutting method were measured.
- the size of the former austenite grain is a crystal particle size number based on ASTM E112.
- K ILIMIT value based on NACE TM0177 method D, thickness 9.5 mm, width of 25.4 mm, a DCB test specimen length 101.6mm taken by or present the 9, the DCB test Served.
- the test bath of the DCB test was a 5% by mass NaCl + 0.5% by mass CH 3 COOH aqueous solution at 24 ° C. saturated with hydrogen sulfide gas at 1 atm (0.1 MPa).
- the length a of the crack generated in the DCB test piece during the immersion and the wedge opening stress P were measured, and the following equation (0) was obtained.
- K ISSC (MPa ⁇ m) was calculated by
- h in the formula (0) is the height of each arm of the DCB test piece
- B is the thickness of the DCB test piece
- Bn is the web thickness of the DCB test piece.
- the numerical values specified in NACE TM0177 method D were used.
- the target of the KI LIMIT value was set to 23.0 MPa ⁇ m or more based on the assumed maximum notch defect of the well pipe and the load loading condition.
- the thickness of the wedge described above was set to three levels of 2.76 mm, 2.89 mm, and 3.02 mm, and each was applied to three or more test pieces.
- the K I LIMIT value was calculated according to the procedure shown in FIG.
- the yield strength and KI LIMIT value of each heat-treated material are shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
- the yield strength applicable to the present invention is 758 MPa or more.
- the present invention adapted range of K ILIMIT value is greater than or equal 23.0MPa ⁇ m. It is preferably 24.0 MPa ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 25.0 MPa ⁇ m or more.
- the composition and production conditions of the steel satisfy the scope of the present invention, the reheat temperature is Tr, and the steel martensitic.
- the value (Tr-Ms) when the transformation start temperature is Ms is equal to or less than the value on the right side of the above equation (1) (Sample Nos. A1 to A3, B1 to B3, C1 to C3, D1 to D2, E1 to E5, and F1 to F2) all satisfied the yield strength and showed a further excellent K I LIMIT value.
- sample No. of the comparative example. L1 had a large number of coarse oxide-based non-metal inclusions, and the KI LIMIT value did not satisfy the target.
- a comparative example in which the intermediate cooling start temperature is outside the lower limit of the present invention and a comparative example (sample No. A8) in which the cooling start temperature of direct quenching is outside the lower limit of the present invention.
- ferrite transformation occurred before intermediate cooling (Sample No. A8) and before the start of direct quenching (Sample No. A13), and as a result, the transformed structures thereafter became mixed grains. Therefore, the KI LIMIT value did not meet the target.
- the comparative example heating temperature reheating quenching is out of the upper limit of the present invention (Sample No.A16), since austenite grains are coarsened, K ILIMIT value did not satisfy the target.
Abstract
Description
[1] 降伏強度が758MPa以上であり、耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性の評価指標であるKILIMIT値が23.0MPa√m以上である、高強度継目無鋼管。
[2] 鋼組織は、旧オーステナイト粒の大きさが、ASTM E112に準拠した結晶粒度番号で10.5以上である、[1]に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。
[3] 質量%で、
C:0.23~0.27%、
Si:0.35%以下、
Mn:0.45~0.70%、
P:0.010%以下、
S:0.0010%以下、
Cr:0.80~1.20%、
Mo:0.50~0.90%、
Al:0.080%以下、
Cu:0.09%以下、
Nb:0.050%以下、
V:0.050%以下、
B:0.0015~0.0030%、
Ti:0.005%以下、
O:0.0020%以下、
N:0.0050%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する、[1]または[2]に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。
[4] 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Ca:0.0020%以下
を含有する、[3]に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。
[5] [1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の高強度継目無鋼管を製造する方法であって、
鋼管素材を1200~1300℃の温度域の加熱温度に加熱する工程と、
前記加熱する工程の後、圧延終了温度が800℃以上となる条件で穿孔および展伸する熱間圧延を行う第1の熱間圧延工程と、
前記第1の熱間圧延工程の終了後、鋼管素管を700℃以上の冷却開始温度から平均冷却速度が40℃/s以上、鋼管素管表面の復熱温度Trが、マルテンサイト変態開始温度をMsとするとき、(Ms+150℃)以下となる条件で、冷却を行う中間冷却工程と、
前記中間冷却工程の後、300秒以下の待ち時間tW経過後に再加熱炉に装入し、前記鋼管素管の表面温度が800~1000℃となる条件で中間加熱する中間加熱工程と、
前記中間加熱工程の後、フェライト変態開始温度をAr3とするとき、(Ar3+100℃)以上の温度から定径の熱間圧延を開始し、(Ar3+50℃)以上の温度で該熱間圧延を終了する第2の熱間圧延工程と、
前記第2の熱間圧延工程に引き続き、前記鋼管素管を(Ar3+10℃)以上の温度から平均冷却速度が40℃/s以上、冷却停止温度が200℃以下となる条件で、直接焼入れを行う直接焼入れ工程と、
前記直接焼入れ工程後、850~930℃の温度域に再加熱してから焼き入れし、引き続き650~730℃の温度に加熱して焼き戻しをする熱処理を少なくとも1回以上実施する熱処理工程と、を有し、
前記中間加熱工程では、前記復熱温度Trと前記待ち時間tWが、下記(1)式を満足する、高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(Tr - Ms )≦ 10 + 0.0024 × ( tW )2 …(1)
なお、ここでいう「高強度」とは、API規格C110級以上の強度、すなわち降伏強度が758MPa以上(110ksi以上)の強度を有することを指す。
Cは、鋼の強度を増加させる作用を有し、降伏強度758MPa以上の高強度化をするためには、0.23%以上のCを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.27%を超えるCの含有は、鋼を著しく硬化させ、KILIMIT値の劣化を招く可能性がある。このため、Cは0.23~0.27%とすることが好ましい。Cは、より好ましくは0.24%以上である。より好ましくは0.26%以下である。
Siは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、鋼中に固溶して鋼の強度を増加させ、焼戻時の急激な軟化を抑制する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.01%以上のSiを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.35%を超えるSiの含有は、粗大な酸化物系介在物を形成し、KILIMIT値を劣化させる可能性がある。このため、Siは0.35%以下とすることが好ましい。Siは、より好ましくは0.01%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.02%以上である。Siは、より好ましくは0.20%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.04%以下である。
Mnは、焼入れ性の向上を介して、鋼の強度を増加させるとともに、Sと結合しMnSとしてSを固定して、Sによる粒界脆化を防止する作用を有する元素である。本発明では、0.45%以上のMnを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.70%を超えるMnの含有は、焼入れ性の向上に伴い、鋼を著しく硬化させ、KILIMIT値の劣化を招く可能性がある。このため、Mnは0.45~0.70%とすることが好ましい。Mnは、より好ましくは0.50%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.55%以上である。Mnは、より好ましくは0.65%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.60%以下である。
Pは、固溶状態では粒界等に偏析し、粒界脆化割れ等を引き起こす可能性がある。本発明では、Pをできるだけ低減することが望ましいが、0.010%までは許容できる。このようなことから、Pは0.010%以下とすることが好ましい。Pは、より好ましくは0.008%以下である。さらに好ましくは0.006%以下である。
Sは、鋼中ではほとんどが硫化物系介在物として存在し、延性、靭性や、耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性等の耐食性を低下する恐れがある。Sは、一部は固溶状態で存在する場合があるが、その場合には粒界等に偏析し、粒界脆化割れ等を引き起こす可能性がある。このため、本発明では、Sをできるだけ低減することが望ましいが、過剰な低減は精錬コストを高騰させる。このようなことから、本発明では、Sは、その悪影響が許容できる0.0010%以下とすることが好ましい。Sは、より好ましくは0.0008%以下である。さらに好ましくは0.0006%以下である。
Crは、焼入れ性の増加を介して、鋼の強度の増加に寄与するとともに、耐食性を向上させる元素である。また、Crは、焼戻時にCと結合し、M3C系、M7C3系、M23C6系等の炭化物を形成し、特にM3C系炭化物は焼戻軟化抵抗を向上させ、焼戻しによる強度変化を少なくして、降伏強度の向上に寄与する。758MPa以上の降伏強度の達成には、0.80%以上のCrを含有することが好ましい。一方、1.20%を超えてCrを含有しても、効果が飽和するため、経済的に不利となる。このため、Crは0.80~1.20%とすることが好ましい。Crは、より好ましくは0.90%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.95%以上である。Crは、より好ましくは1.10%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1.05%以下である。
Moは、焼入れ性の増加を介して、鋼の強度の増加に寄与するとともに、耐食性を向上させる元素である。さらにMoは、特に、焼戻し後に2次析出するMo2C炭化物は焼戻軟化抵抗を向上させ、焼戻による強度変化を少なくして、降伏強度の向上に寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、0.50%以上のMoを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.90%を超えてMoを含有しても、効果が飽和するため、経済的に不利となる。このため、Moは0.50~0.90%とすることが好ましい。Moは、より好ましくは0.60%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.65%以上である。Moは、より好ましくは0.80%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.75%以下である。
Alは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、Nと結合しAlNを形成して固溶Nの低減に寄与する。このような効果を得るために、Alは0.040%以上含有することが好ましい。一方、0.080%を超えてAlを含有すると、酸化物系介在物が増加し、KILIMIT値を劣化させる可能性がある。このため、Alは0.080%以下とすることが好ましい。Alは、より好ましくは0.050%以上である。Alは、より好ましくは0.070%以下である。
Cuは、耐食性を向上させる作用を有する元素であり、微量添加した場合、緻密な腐食生成物が形成され、SSCの起点となるピットの生成・成長が抑制されて、耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性が顕著に向上する。このため、本発明では、0.02%以上のCuを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.09%を超えてCuを含有すると、継目無鋼管の製造プロセス時の熱間加工性が低下する可能性がある。このため、Cuは0.09%以下とすることが好ましい。Cuは、より好ましくは0.03%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.04%以上である。Cuは、より好ましくは0.07%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.06%以下である。
Nbは、オーステナイト(γ)温度域での再結晶を遅延させ、γ粒の微細化に寄与し、鋼の焼入れ終了時点の下部組織(例えばパケット、ブロック、ラス)の微細化に極めて有効に作用するとともに、炭化物を形成し鋼を強化する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.020%以上のNbを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.050%を超えるNbの含有は、粗大な析出物(NbN)の析出を促進し、KILIMIT値を劣化させる可能性がある。このため、Nbは0.050%以下とすることが好ましい。Nbは、より好ましくは0.025%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.030%以上である。Nbは、より好ましくは0.045%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.040%以下である。ここで、「パケット」とは、平行に並んだ同じ晶癖面を持つラスの集団から成る領域と定義され、「ブロック」は、平行でかつ同じ方位のラスの集団から成る。
Vは、炭化物あるいは窒化物を形成し、鋼の強化に寄与する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.020%以上のVを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.050%を超えてVを含有すると、V系炭化物が粗大化して硫化物応力腐食割れの起点となり、むしろKILIMIT値が低下する原因となる。このため、Vは0.050%以下とすることが好ましい。Vは、より好ましくは0.025%以上であり、さらに好ましくは、0.030%以上である。Vは、より好ましくは0.045%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.040%以下である。
Bは、微量の含有で焼入れ性の向上に寄与する元素である。本発明では0.0015%以上のBを含有することが好ましい。一方、0.0030%を超えてBを含有しても、効果が飽和するかあるいはFe硼化物(Fe-B)の形成により、逆に所望の効果が期待できなくなり、経済的に不利となる可能性がある。このため、Bは、0.0015~0.0030%とすることが好ましい。Bは、より好ましくは0.0016%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.0018%以上である。Bは、より好ましくは0.0027%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.0023%以下である。
Tiは、窒化物を形成し、粗大なTi窒化物がSSCの起点となってKILIMIT値の劣化を招くおそれがある。このため、Tiは、0.005%以下とすることが好ましい。Tiは、より好ましくは0.003%以下である。Tiは、さらに好ましくは0.002%以下である。
O(酸素)は不可避的不純物として、AlやSi等の酸化物として鋼中に存在する。特に、その粗大な酸化物の数が多いと、KILIMIT値の劣化を招くおそれがある。このため、O(酸素)は、その悪影響が許容できる0.0020%以下とすることが好ましい。O(酸素)は、より好ましくは0.0015%以下である。O(酸素)は、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以下である。
Nは、鋼中不可避的不純物であり、Al、Nb、Ti等の窒化物形成元素と結合しMN型の析出物を形成する。さらに、これらの窒化物を形成した残りの余剰Nは、Bと結合してBN析出物も形成する。この際、B添加による焼入れ性向上効果が失われるため、余剰Nはできるだけ低減することが好ましく、Nは0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。Nは、より好ましくは0.0040%以下である。Nは、さらに好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
Caは、連続鋳造時のノズル詰まり防止に有効で、必要な効果を得るためには0.0005%以上のCaを含有することが望ましい。さらに、Mnに代替してSと結合しCaSとしてSを固定して、Sによる粒界脆化を防止すると共に、延性のあるMnSとは異なり熱間圧延中に鋼中で延伸せず、細かい状態で鋼中に分散することで耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性を改善する。一方、Caは、Alと複合した酸化物系非金属介在物を形成し、特に0.0020%を超えてCaを含有した場合、粗大なものが多数存在し、KILIMIT値の劣化を招く。このため、Caを含有する場合、Caは、0.0020%以下とすることが好ましい。Caは、より好ましくは0.0007%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.0009%以上である。Caは、より好ましくは0.0015%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.0012%以下である。
Ms = 545 - 330×(%C) - 7×(%Si) -23×(%Mn) - 14×(%Cr) - 5×(%Mo)
+2×(%Al) - 13×(%Cu) - 4×(%Nb) + 4×(%V) + 3×(%Ti) …(A)
Ar3 = 910 - 273×(%C) - 74×(%Mn)- 56×(%Ni) - 16×(%Cr) - 9×(%Mo) - 5×(%Cu)
…(B)
(Tr - Ms )≦ 10 + 0.0024 × ( tW )2 …(1)
ただし、上記(A)式、(B)式における各元素記号は当該元素の含有量(質量%)を表し、当該元素が含有されていない場合は0とする。
加熱温度:1200~1300℃
熱間圧延して所定の形状の継目無鋼管とするため、鋼管素材を鋼のオーステナイト相領域まで加熱する。このとき、鋼管素材の加熱温度が1200℃未満の場合、ピアサー穿孔時の内部欠陥の発生が著しく、最終の鋼管熱処理後に非破壊検査で検出された欠陥は手入れ精整を行っても不合格となるため、欠陥防止の観点から鋼管素材の加熱温度は1200℃以上とする。一方で、鋼管素材の加熱温度が1300℃超えの場合、鋼のオーステナイト結晶粒が著しく粗大化し、その後の熱間圧延や冷却、熱処理過程を経てもその影響が大きく、KILIMIT値の劣化を招くため、鋼管素材の加熱温度の上限を1300℃とする。
圧延終了温度:800℃以上
継目無鋼管の第1の熱間圧延では、まず穿孔圧延を行い、引き続き展伸圧延を連続して行う。展伸圧延終了時の鋼管素管の温度が800℃未満の場合、鋼の高温延性が低下し熱間圧延中の外表面に欠陥が発生するほか、後述する中間冷却時の鋼の変態挙動に悪影響を及ぼし、その結果、KILIMIT値の劣化を招く。このため、第1の熱間圧延の圧延終了温度は800℃以上とする。
冷却開始温度:700℃以上
第1の熱間圧延での展伸圧延後に適切な中間冷却を施すことで、鋼管素管がベイナイト変態し、中間冷却後に引き続き行う中間加熱でさらに逆変態することで、KILIMIT値が大きく改善する。中間冷却を開始する温度が700℃未満の場合、中間冷却する前に鋼のフェライト変態が生じるため、その後の中間加熱時の逆変態挙動に悪影響を及ぼし、その結果、KILIMIT値の劣化を招く。このため、冷却開始温度は700℃以上とする。
鋼管素管をベイナイト変態させるため、中間冷却時の平均冷却速度を40℃/s以上とする。なお、ここでいう「平均冷却速度」とは、鋼管素管の外表面温度が700℃から、後述する式(A)で計算されるマルテンサイト変態開始温度をMsとするとき、(Ms+150℃)までの温度範囲における鋼管素管の外表面の平均的な冷却速度を意味する。平均冷却速度が40℃/s未満の場合、鋼管素管の肉厚方向全域においてベイナイト変態を開始させることができない。この場合、ベイナイト変態しなかった領域では、通常のDQ-QTプロセスと同じ変態挙動となるので、KILIMIT値を改善することができない。このことから、中間冷却時の平均冷却速度は40℃/s以上とする。好ましくは、50℃/s以上である。
鋼管素管をベイナイト変態させるにあたり、鋼管素管の肉厚方向全域が少なくともベイナイト変態を開始するよう、中間冷却直後の鋼管素管の復熱温度Trが、鋼のマルテンサイト変態温度をMsとするとき、(Ms+150℃)以下とする必要がある。
Ms = 545 - 330×(%C) - 7×(%Si) -23×(%Mn) - 14×(%Cr) - 5×(%Mo)
+2×(%Al) - 13×(%Cu) - 4×(%Nb) + 4×(%V) + 3×(%Ti) …(A)
ただし、上記(A)式における各元素記号は当該元素の含有量(質量%)を表し、当該元素が含有されていない場合は0とする。
中間加熱開始までの待ち時間tW
上述のように、中間冷却工程の冷却停止温度(具体的には、中間冷却後の復熱温度)と、その後の中間加熱工程を開始するまでの時間が重要である。本発明者らは、中間冷却直後の復熱温度Trと、中間加熱開始までの待ち時間tWについて、KILIMIT値が目標とする23.0MPa√mを達成しうる組み合わせがあることを見出した。具体的には、復熱温度Trが高いほど中間加熱開始までの待ち時間tWを長くする必要があり、逆に復熱温度Trが低ければ、待ち時間tWが短くて良い。図7に示す、模擬実験で得られた復熱温度Trと待ち時間tWにおけるKILIMIT値が目標を満足できる境界線を本発明者らは2次曲線近似し、(1)式を得た。
( Tr - Ms )≦ 10 + 0.0024 × ( tW )2 …(1)
(Tr-Ms)で計算される値が、(1)式で計算される右辺の値を下回れば、中間加熱開始時点でほぼベイナイト変態が完了し、その後の中間加熱による逆変態がおきることで結晶粒の細粒化に伴いKILIMIT値は目標とする23.0MPa√mを達成することができる。なお、生産効率の観点から、中間加熱開始までの待ち時間tWは300秒以下とする。好ましくは250秒以下である。より好ましくは200秒以下である。逆に、中間加熱開始までの待ち時間tWの下限は特に規定しないが、(1)式が満足できる場合、中間冷却から中間加熱までの設備制約を考慮すると、30秒以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは、100秒以上である。
中間冷却を実施した鋼管素管を逆変態させて結晶粒の細粒化を促進することと、継目無鋼管の定径圧延のため、鋼管素管の補熱をする目的で中間加熱を行う。中間加熱温度が800℃未満の場合、鋼管素管の逆変態が終わらないため、目的としている結晶粒の細粒化がなされずKILIMIT値の低下を招くため、中間加熱温度を800℃以上とする。一方、中間加熱温度が1000℃を超えた場合、粒成長によってむしろ結晶粒の粗大化が著しくなることから、中間加熱温度は1000℃以下とする。
圧延開始温度:(Ar3+100℃)以上
中間加熱後に、最後の定径圧延(第2の熱間圧延)を行う。定径圧延の開始温度がフェライト変態開始温度をAr3とするとき(Ar3+100℃)未満の場合、圧延による組織の混粒化が生じ、KILIMIT値の低下を招く。このため、第2の熱間圧延の圧延開始温度は(Ar3+100℃)以上とする。なお、フェライト変態開始温度(Ar3)は、下記(B)式で計算することができる。
Ar3 = 910 - 273×(%C) - 74×(%Mn)- 56×(%Ni) - 16×(%Cr) - 9×(%Mo) - 5×(%Cu) …(B)
ただし、上記(B)式における各元素記号は当該元素の含有量(質量%)を表し、当該元素が含有されていない場合は0とする。
定径圧延の終了温度が(Ar3+50℃)未満の場合も、圧延による組織の混粒化によりKILIMIT値の低下を招くため、第2の熱間圧延の圧延終了温度は(Ar3+50℃)以上とする。
直接焼入れ開始温度:(Ar3+10℃)以上
定径圧延(第2の熱間圧延)に引き続いて、鋼管素管に直接焼入れ(DQ)を実施する。直接焼入れの開始温度が(Ar3+10℃)未満の場合、直接焼入れ中にフェライト変態してしまい、直接焼入れの効果が不十分となる。このため、直接焼入れの開始温度は(Ar3+10℃)以上とする。
直接焼入れ時の平均冷却速度が40℃/s未満の場合、直接焼入れの効果が不十分となるため、直接焼入れの平均冷却速度は40℃/s以上とする。好ましくは、50℃/s以上である。なお、ここでいう「平均冷却速度」とは、鋼管素管外表面温度が(Ar3+10℃)から、200℃までの温度範囲における鋼管素管外表面の平均的な冷却速度を意味する。
冷却停止温度が200℃を超える場合、直接焼入れの効果が不十分となるため、直接焼入れの冷却停止温度は200℃以下とする。好ましくは150℃以下である。より好ましくは100℃以下である。
焼入れ再加熱温度:850~930℃
直接焼入れ工程の後、鋼管素管の強度をAPI規格C110級に調整するため、鋼管素管を再加熱し焼入れを行う。焼入れ再加熱温度が850℃未満の場合、鋼管素管が完全にオーステナイト変態終了せず、この未変態領域が強度低下の原因となるため、焼入れ再加熱温度は850℃以上とする。好ましくは870℃以上である。一方、焼入れ再加熱温度が930℃を超える場合、結晶粒の粗大化が生じ、KILIMIT値の低下を招くため、焼き入れ再加熱温度は930℃以下とする。好ましくは、900℃以下である。
鋼管素管の強度をAPI規格C110級に調整するため、再加熱焼入れに引き続き、焼戻しを行う。焼戻し温度が650℃未満の場合、鋼管の強度が高くなりすぎてKILIMIT値の低下を招くため、焼戻温度は650℃以上とする。好ましくは680℃以上とする。一方、焼戻し温度が730℃を超える場合、鋼の一部で逆変態が生じ強度が著しく低下するため、焼戻し温度は730℃以下とする。好ましくは、710℃以下である。
Claims (5)
- 降伏強度が758MPa以上であり、耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性の評価指標であるKILIMIT値が23.0MPa√m以上である、高強度継目無鋼管。
ここで、KILIMIT値とは、(i)試験条件の異なる複数のDCB(Double Cantilever Beam)試験で得られた応力拡大係数KISSC値と、DCB試験開始前の試験片ノッチ先端の応力集中状態KIappliedとの一次回帰線と、(ii)KISSC値とKIappliedが一対一となる直線との交点から求められる値である。 - 鋼組織は、旧オーステナイト粒の大きさが、ASTM E112に準拠した結晶粒度番号で10.5以上である、請求項1に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。
- 質量%で、
C:0.23~0.27%、
Si:0.35%以下、
Mn:0.45~0.70%、
P:0.010%以下、
S:0.0010%以下、
Cr:0.80~1.20%、
Mo:0.50~0.90%、
Al:0.080%以下、
Cu:0.09%以下、
Nb:0.050%以下、
V:0.050%以下、
B:0.0015~0.0030%、
Ti:0.005%以下、
O:0.0020%以下、
N:0.0050%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する、請求項1または2に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Ca:0.0020%以下
を含有する、請求項3に記載の高強度継目無鋼管。 - 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度継目無鋼管を製造する方法であって、
鋼管素材を1200~1300℃の温度域の加熱温度に加熱する工程と、
前記加熱する工程の後、圧延終了温度が800℃以上となる条件で穿孔および展伸する熱間圧延を行う第1の熱間圧延工程と、
前記第1の熱間圧延工程の終了後、鋼管素管を700℃以上の冷却開始温度から平均冷却速度が40℃/s以上、鋼管素管表面の復熱温度Trが、マルテンサイト変態開始温度をMsとするとき、(Ms+150℃)以下となる条件で、冷却を行う中間冷却工程と、
前記中間冷却工程の後、300秒以下の待ち時間tW経過後に再加熱炉に装入し、前記鋼管素管の表面温度が800~1000℃となる条件で中間加熱する中間加熱工程と、
前記中間加熱工程の後、フェライト変態開始温度をAr3とするとき、(Ar3+100℃)以上の温度から定径の熱間圧延を開始し、(Ar3+50℃)以上の温度で該熱間圧延を終了する第2の熱間圧延工程と、
前記第2の熱間圧延工程に引き続き、前記鋼管素管を(Ar3+10℃)以上の温度から平均冷却速度が40℃/s以上、冷却停止温度が200℃以下となる条件で、直接焼入れを行う直接焼入れ工程と、
前記直接焼入れ工程後、850~930℃の温度域に再加熱してから焼き入れし、引き続き650~730℃の温度に加熱して焼き戻しをする熱処理を少なくとも1回以上実施する熱処理工程と、を有し、
前記中間加熱工程では、前記復熱温度Trと前記待ち時間tWが、下記(1)式を満足する、高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(Tr - Ms )≦ 10 + 0.0024 × ( tW )2 …(1)
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JPH07197125A (ja) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-08-01 | Nkk Corp | 耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性に優れた高強度鋼管の製造法 |
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