WO2021129613A1 - 一种高炉炉底结构 - Google Patents

一种高炉炉底结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129613A1
WO2021129613A1 PCT/CN2020/138311 CN2020138311W WO2021129613A1 WO 2021129613 A1 WO2021129613 A1 WO 2021129613A1 CN 2020138311 W CN2020138311 W CN 2020138311W WO 2021129613 A1 WO2021129613 A1 WO 2021129613A1
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arc
hearth
furnace
lining
shaped
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PCT/CN2020/138311
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李雷
王宝海
赵立军
秦涔
闫朝付
柳萌
方明新
叶伟
董训祥
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中冶南方工程技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021129613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129613A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/02—Internal forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/04—Blast furnaces with special refractories
    • C21B7/06—Linings for furnaces

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to the technical field of metallurgical equipment, and specifically relates to a bottom structure of a blast furnace.
  • the most important limiting link in the longevity of a blast furnace is the life of the hearth.
  • the most vulnerable area in the hearth is usually the bottom of the hearth, which is mainly affected by the flow of molten iron during the tapping process. Therefore, the flow and discharge of molten iron (slag) inside the hearth affect the blast furnace Prograde and longevity have important effects.
  • the traditional furnace bottom design structure generally adopts an open hearth bottom. This structure causes the flow direction of the molten iron at the junction of the hearth and hearth during the tapping process to be violently turned to form a mechanical shock. The change of the molten iron flow field is prone to cause eddy currents to repeatedly scour and wear here.
  • Patent CN 208008841U discloses an erosion guided arc-shaped hearth hearth, including a furnace body, a first inner lining is arranged in the furnace body, a second inner lining is arranged in the first inner lining, and an arc opening upward is arranged in the second inner lining part Shaped bottom of the pot.
  • Patent CN208008840U discloses an erosion-guided stepped hearth hearth with a furnace body, a first inner lining is arranged in the furnace body, a second inner lining is arranged in the first inner lining, and 3-5 steps are arranged in the second inner lining part , The height positions of the 3-5 steps are sequentially reduced from outside to inside, the step with the lowest height position is circular, and the remaining steps are circular.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to overcome the problem that the existing blast furnace bottom structure easily causes the flow direction of the molten iron at the junction of the bottom and hearth during the tapping process to violently change to form a mechanical shock, which affects the service life of the blast furnace.
  • the present utility model provides a blast furnace bottom structure, including a furnace body, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a furnace bottom lining, the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a hearth lining, and the lower part of the furnace body side wall is provided There is a tapped frame, the center of the tapped frame is provided with a molten iron outflow channel extending into the furnace body, and the molten iron outflow channel is arranged through the hearth lining, and the hearth lining is located at the lower part of the molten iron outflow channel and is provided with an upwardly opening arc-shaped pot
  • the arc-shaped pot bottom includes an annular arc-shaped side surface arranged at the lower part of the inner lining of the hearth, and an arc-shaped bottom surface arranged on the top of the inner lining of the furnace bottom.
  • the thickness of the furnace bottom lining gradually increases from the center of the furnace body to the hearth lining direction, and the furnace bottom lining adopts an arc structure near the furnace inner part, which fits with the arc bottom surface of the arc pot bottom.
  • the arc-shaped side surface and the arc-shaped bottom surface of the arc-shaped pot bottom are co-circular arc surfaces.
  • the arc bottom surface height L of the arc-shaped pot bottom is 300-700 mm.
  • the side wall of the hearth lining located at the upper part of the molten iron outflow channel is a vertical surface.
  • furnace bottom lining is made of any one or a combination of castables, graphite bricks, carbon bricks, ceramic bricks, silicon carbide bricks, and clay bricks.
  • hearth lining is made of any one or a combination of castables, graphite bricks, carbon bricks, ceramic bricks, silicon carbide bricks, and clay bricks.
  • the bottom structure of the blast furnace provided by the present utility model optimizes the bottom structure of the blast furnace to physically intervene the original factors that affect the life of the blast furnace.
  • the bottom is designed as an arc-shaped bottom, which guides the erosion mode and leads out During ironing, the molten iron in the furnace forms a stable flow from the bottom of the furnace through the hearth to the tap hole, reducing the mechanical erosion of the flow of molten iron to the junction of the bottom and hearth, improving the life of the bottom and hearth, thereby extending the life of the blast furnace as a whole.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the blast furnace of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple” It is two or more.
  • this embodiment provides a blast furnace bottom structure, including a furnace body 1, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a furnace bottom lining 7, and the side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a hearth lining 4, so
  • the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a tapping frame 2, and the center of the tapping frame 2 is provided with a molten iron outflow channel 3 extending into the furnace body 1, and the molten iron outflow channel 3 is arranged through the hearth lining 4, and the hearth
  • the lining 4 is located at the lower part of the molten iron outflow channel 3 and is provided with an arc-shaped pot bottom with an upward opening.
  • the arc-shaped pot bottom includes an annular arc-shaped side 5 arranged at the lower part of the hearth lining 4, and an arc-shaped side 5 arranged at the top of the furnace bottom lining 7 Curved bottom surface 6.
  • the arc-shaped bottom of the pot is designed to physically intervene the erosion position and the flow of molten iron and slag during the production of the blast furnace, and guide the molten iron in the furnace from the bottom of the furnace through the hearth to the tap hole during tapping.
  • the formation of a stable flow effectively avoids the problem that the flow direction of molten iron at the junction of the hearth and hearth in the prior art is violently turned to cause mechanical shock, and the life of the hearth and hearth is increased, thereby extending the life of the blast furnace as a whole.
  • the arc-shaped bottom of the furnace bottom structure of this embodiment is conducive to the concentration of molten iron in the center of the blast furnace when the slag iron is not placed, so that the slag-iron circulation state in the blast furnace is greatly reduced when the slag iron is discharged, thereby greatly reducing the furnace
  • Various corrosion opportunities such as chemical and thermal stress changes caused by the flow of slag and iron at the junction of the bottom hearth increase the corrosion opportunities in the center of the blast furnace. Because the bottom lining is generally thicker and resistant to corrosion, it further improves Life of hearth and hearth.
  • the side wall of the hearth lining 4 located at the upper part of the molten iron outflow channel 3 is a vertical surface.
  • the furnace bottom lining 7 is made of any one or a combination of castables, graphite bricks, carbon bricks, ceramic bricks, silicon carbide bricks, and clay bricks.
  • the hearth lining 4 can also be made of any one or a combination of castables, graphite bricks, carbon bricks, ceramic bricks, silicon carbide bricks, and clay bricks.
  • the thickness of the furnace bottom lining 7 gradually increases from the center of the furnace body 1 toward the hearth lining 4, so that an arc structure can be formed in the furnace bottom lining 7 near the furnace inner part, and the The arc of the arc structure at the top of the furnace bottom lining 7 is consistent with the arc of the arc bottom surface 6 of the arc-shaped pot bottom, so that the top of the furnace bottom lining 7 and the arc bottom surface 6 of the arc-shaped pot bottom are completely attached.
  • the arc-shaped side surface 5 and the arc-shaped bottom surface 6 of the arc-shaped pot bottom are connected by a smooth curved surface.
  • the arc-shaped side surface 5 and the arc-shaped bottom surface 6 of the arc-shaped pot bottom can be designed as a common circular arc surface. In this way, the connection between the arc-shaped side surface 5 and the arc-shaped bottom surface 6 is smoother, which further reduces the mechanical impact force caused by the sharp turning of the flow direction of the molten iron at the junction of the hearth and hearth, and ensures the stable flow of the molten iron.
  • the height L of the arc bottom surface 6 of the arc-shaped pot bottom is 300-700 mm, which can play a role in resisting corrosion to the hearth lining 4, and delay the inside of the hearth corresponding to the arc-shaped side surface 5 of the arc-shaped pot bottom. The time when the lining 4 begins to corrode, thereby increasing the life of the furnace bottom.
  • the blast furnace bottom structure provided by the present utility model optimizes the blast furnace bottom structure to physically intervene the original factors affecting the life of the blast furnace, design the bottom of the furnace as an arc-shaped bottom, and guide the erosion mode.
  • the molten iron in the furnace is guided to form a stable flow from the bottom of the furnace through the hearth to the tap hole during the tapping, which reduces the mechanical erosion of the flow of molten iron to the junction of the bottom and hearth, improves the life of the bottom and hearth, and thus extends the life of the blast furnace as a whole .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种高炉炉底结构，包括炉体（1），所述炉体（1）底部设有炉底内衬（7），炉体（1）侧壁设有炉缸内衬（4），所述炉体（1）侧壁下部设有铁口框（2），铁口框（2）中心向炉体（1）内部延伸设置有铁水流出通道（3），且铁水流出通道（3）贯穿炉缸内衬（4）布置，所述炉缸内衬（4）位于铁水流出通道（3）下部设有开口向上的弧形锅底，所述弧形锅底包括设置于炉缸内衬（4）下部环形的弧形侧面（5），以及设置于炉底内衬（7）顶部的弧形底面（6），从而通过优化高炉炉底结构，对影响高炉寿命的原始因素进行物理干预，将炉底设计为弧形锅底，对侵蚀模式进行引导，引导出铁时炉内的铁水从炉底经炉缸到出铁口形成稳定流动，降低铁水流动对炉底炉缸交接处的机械冲刷，提高炉底炉缸寿命，从而整体延长高炉的使用寿命。

Description

一种高炉炉底结构 技术领域
本实用新型属于冶金设备技术领域，具体涉及一种高炉炉底结构。
背景技术
高炉长寿最重要的限制环节为炉缸寿命。据大量的研究发现，炉缸中最易受到侵蚀的区域通常是炉缸底部，主要是受出铁过程中铁水流动的影响，因此铁水(渣)在炉缸内部的流动及排放状况对高炉的顺行与长寿有着重要的影响。传统的炉底设计结构一般采用平炉底，这种结构导致出铁过程中铁水在炉底炉缸交接处流动方向剧烈转向形成机械冲击，铁水流场的改变极易产生涡流在这里反复冲刷磨损，造成炉底炉缸交接处的耐材快速侵蚀，严重影响炉底炉缸寿命。近些年，很多高炉出现炉底炉缸温度异常升高甚至炉缸烧穿的情况，温度异常或烧穿的位置几乎都在炉底炉缸交接处或铁口下方炉缸侧壁区域，铁水机械冲刷是造成这种事故的重要因素。
专利CN 208008841U公开了一种侵蚀引导型弧形炉底炉缸，包括炉体，炉体内设置第一内衬，第一内衬内设置第二内衬，第二内衬底部设置开口向上的弧形锅底。专利CN208008840U公开了一种侵蚀引导型台阶形炉底炉缸，包括炉体，炉体内设置第一内衬，第一内衬内设置第二内衬，第二内衬底部设置3-5个台阶，3-5个台阶的高度位置由外至内依次降低，高度位置最低的台阶为圆形，其余台阶为圆环形。这两个专利的目的是通过形成弧形炉底或通过台阶形成类似弧形的炉底结构，来减少锅底侵蚀；但这两个专利都在炉底炉缸交接部位设置了很宽的平台，就导致铁水在炉底炉缸交接处流动方向同样会剧烈转向形成机械冲击，铁水流场的改变极易产生涡流在这里反复冲刷磨损，不能避免出铁过程中铁水对炉底炉缸交接处和铁口下方炉缸侧壁区域的机械冲刷。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是克服现有高炉炉底结构易导致出铁过程中铁水在炉底炉缸交接处流动方向剧烈转向形成机械冲击，而影响高炉使用寿命的问题。
为此，本实用新型提供了一种高炉炉底结构，包括炉体，所述炉体底部设有炉底内衬，炉体侧壁设有炉缸内衬，所述炉体侧壁下部设有铁口框，铁口框中心向炉体内部延伸设置有铁水流出通道，且铁水流出通道贯穿炉缸内衬布置，所述炉缸内衬位于铁水流出通道下部设有开口向上的弧形锅底，所述弧形锅底包括设置于炉缸内衬下部环形的弧形侧面，以及设置于炉底内衬顶部的弧形底面。
进一步的，所述炉底内衬由炉体中心向炉缸内衬方向厚度逐渐增大，且炉底内衬靠近炉内部分采用弧形结构，与弧形锅底的弧形底面贴合。
进一步的，所述弧形锅底的弧形侧面和弧形底面为共圆弧面。
进一步的，所述弧形锅底的弧形底面高度L为300～700mm。
进一步的，所述炉缸内衬位于铁水流出通道上部的侧壁为竖直面。
进一步的，所述炉底内衬采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。
进一步的，所述炉缸内衬采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果：
(1)本实用新型提供的这种高炉炉底结构通过优化高炉炉底结构，对影响高炉寿命的原始因素进行物理干预，将炉底设计为弧形锅底，对侵蚀模式进行引导，引导出铁时炉内的铁水从炉底经炉缸到出铁口形成稳定流动，降低铁水流动对炉底炉缸交接处的机械冲刷，提高炉底炉缸寿命，从而整体延长高炉的使用寿命。
(2)本实用新型提供的这种高炉炉底结构简单，易于实现，由此带来的 高炉长寿亦会间接带来生产效率、安全、经济方面的效益。
以下将结合附图对本实用新型做进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型高炉炉底结构的示意图。
附图标记说明：1、炉体；2、铁口框；3、铁水流出通道；4、炉缸内衬；5、弧形侧面；6、弧形底面；7、炉底内衬。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。
在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征；在本实用新型的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种高炉炉底结构，包括炉体1，所述炉体底部设有炉底内衬7，炉体1侧壁设有炉缸内衬4，所述炉体1侧壁下部设有铁口框2，铁口框2中心向炉体1内部延伸设置有铁水流出通道3，且铁水流出通道3贯穿炉缸内衬4布置，所述炉缸内衬4位于铁水流出通道3下部设有开口向上的弧形锅底，所述弧形锅底包括设置于炉缸内衬4下部 环形的弧形侧面5，以及设置于炉底内衬7顶部的弧形底面6。在本实施例中，采用弧形锅底的设计，可在高炉生产时对侵蚀位置和铁水、炉渣的流动进行物理干预，引导出铁时炉内的铁水从炉底经炉缸到出铁口形成稳定流动，有效避免了现有技术中铁水在炉底炉缸交接处流动方向剧烈转向形成机械冲击的问题，提高了炉底炉缸寿命，从而整体延长高炉的使用寿命。另外，本实施例这种弧形锅底的炉底结构在未放渣铁时，有利于铁水在高炉中心汇聚，从而在排放渣铁时高炉内渣铁环流状态大大减轻，进而大大减轻了炉底炉缸交接处的各种因渣铁流动引起的化学、热应力变化等各种侵蚀机会，而加大高炉中心的侵蚀机会，由于炉底内衬一般较厚，耐侵蚀，因而进一步提高了炉底炉缸寿命。
具体的，所述炉缸内衬4位于铁水流出通道3上部的侧壁为竖直面。所述炉底内衬7采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。同样，所述炉缸内衬4亦可采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。
作为实施方式之一，所述炉底内衬7由炉体1中心向炉缸内衬4方向厚度逐渐增大，从而可在炉底内衬7靠近炉内部分形成弧形结构，同时使该炉底内衬7顶部的弧形结构的弧度与弧形锅底的弧形底面6弧度一致，这样炉底内衬7顶部与弧形锅底的弧形底面6完全贴合。
弧形锅底的弧形侧面5与弧形底面6之间采用平滑曲面过渡连接，优化的，可将所述弧形锅底的弧形侧面5和弧形底面6设计为共圆弧面，这样弧形侧面5与弧形底面6之间连接更加平滑，进一步减小了铁水在炉底炉缸交接处流动方向剧烈转向形成的机械冲击力，保证铁水的稳定流动。所述弧形锅底的弧形底面6高度L为300～700mm，对炉缸内衬4可起到一定的抵抗侵蚀的作用，延缓弧形锅底的弧形侧面5所对应的炉缸内衬4开始侵蚀的时间，从而提高炉底寿命。
综上所述，本实用新型提供的这种高炉炉底结构通过优化高炉炉底结构，对影响高炉寿命的原始因素进行物理干预，将炉底设计为弧形锅底，对侵蚀模式进行引导，引导出铁时炉内的铁水从炉底经炉缸到出铁口形成稳定流动，降低铁水流动对炉底炉缸交接处的机械冲刷，提高炉底炉缸寿命，从而整体延长高炉的使用寿命。
以上例举仅仅是对本实用新型的举例说明，并不构成对本实用新型的保护范围的限制，凡是与本实用新型相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种高炉炉底结构，包括炉体，其特征在于：所述炉体底部设有炉底内衬，炉体侧壁设有炉缸内衬，所述炉体侧壁下部设有铁口框，铁口框中心向炉体内部延伸设置有铁水流出通道，且铁水流出通道贯穿炉缸内衬布置，所述炉缸内衬位于铁水流出通道下部设有开口向上的弧形锅底，所述弧形锅底包括设置于炉缸内衬下部环形的弧形侧面，以及设置于炉底内衬顶部的弧形底面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述炉底内衬由炉体中心向炉缸内衬方向厚度逐渐增大，且炉底内衬靠近炉内部分采用弧形结构，与弧形锅底的弧形底面贴合。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述弧形锅底的弧形侧面和弧形底面为共圆弧面。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述弧形锅底的弧形底面高度L为300～700mm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述炉缸内衬位于铁水流出通道上部的侧壁为竖直面。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述炉底内衬采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种高炉炉底结构，其特征在于：所述炉缸内衬采用浇注料、石墨砖、炭砖、陶瓷砖、碳化硅砖、粘土砖中的任意一种或任意几种的组合制得。
PCT/CN2020/138311 2019-12-24 2020-12-22 一种高炉炉底结构 WO2021129613A1 (zh)

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