WO2021129428A1 - 一种使用并联轴承的电机 - Google Patents

一种使用并联轴承的电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129428A1
WO2021129428A1 PCT/CN2020/135896 CN2020135896W WO2021129428A1 WO 2021129428 A1 WO2021129428 A1 WO 2021129428A1 CN 2020135896 W CN2020135896 W CN 2020135896W WO 2021129428 A1 WO2021129428 A1 WO 2021129428A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
stator
rotating shaft
radial
thrust
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/135896
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
靳普
刘慕华
Original Assignee
至玥腾风科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2021129428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129428A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C21/00—Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/03—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0603—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/08—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a motor using parallel bearings.
  • the bearing used in the motor is a part that supports the shaft. It can guide the rotation of the shaft and can also withstand the idling parts on the shaft.
  • Motor bearing also known as motor bearing or motor bearing, is a kind of special bearing specially applied to motor or motor. Motor bearings use smooth metal balls or rollers and lubricated inner and outer ring metal surfaces to reduce friction. These balls or rollers "carry" the load and support the motor shaft so that the motor (rotor) can rotate smoothly.
  • the rolling bearings are lubricated with grease.
  • the DN value is a reference value for the selection of rolling bearing lubricants, where D is the bearing diameter and N is the relative speed of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Bearings with a high DN value have higher requirements on the adhesion, working life, and working temperature of grease or oil, and the price of such grease or oil is usually higher.
  • the patent application No. 201480053353.6 entitled “Bearing device for turbocharger and manufacturing method of bearing device for turbocharger” provides a bearing device that is nested outside the ball bearing
  • the cylinder is equivalent to the oil film bearing, but the inner wall of the cylinder and the outer ring of the ball bearing are fixed, and the outer wall and the stator directly rotate relative to each other, which is equivalent to adding a protective sleeve to the outside of the ball bearing, but it does not change the bearing.
  • Relative speed still needs high-performance grease or lubricating oil.
  • the support function is achieved by the compressed air between the shaft and the inner ring of the bearing.
  • a rubber ring is installed between the outer diameter of the bearing and the bearing seat, relying on the rubber ring and the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the friction between the diameters fixes the bearing and prevents it from rotating in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotation speed of the rotating shaft reaches more than 100,000 revolutions, there will be air friction between the compressed air film and the rotating shaft, and this friction also increases with the increase of the rotating shaft speed.
  • the torque generated by the friction force makes the air bearing rotate more obviously and frequently with the rotating shaft.
  • the present invention provides a motor using parallel bearings, which can support the bearings in the radial direction to solve the wear problem, and can also limit the displacement of the rotating shaft in the axial direction to obtain a higher speed.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a motor using parallel bearings including a rotating shaft and a stator; a pair of radial bearings are sleeved on the rotating shaft, the radial bearing includes a rotating shaft bearing and a stator bearing; the rotating shaft bearing is a contact bearing, and the rotating shaft bearing is sleeved on the rotating shaft ;
  • the stator bearing is a non-contact bearing, the stator bearing is sleeved on the shaft bearing, there is a gap between the stator bearing and the shaft bearing, and the stator bearing is fixed on the stator.
  • the radial bearing also includes a bearing housing, the bearing housing is arranged on one end surface and the outer circumference of the stator bearing, and the bearing end cover is arranged on the other end surface of the stator bearing and fixed with the bearing housing.
  • the housing and/or the bearing end cover are fixed on the stator, and the stator bearing and the bearing housing or the bearing end cover are fixed in the circumferential direction.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the stator bearing is provided with an air cavity, and the bottom of the air cavity is provided with an air hole.
  • One end of the air hole is connected to the air cavity, and the other end is connected to the gap between the stator bearing and the shaft bearing.
  • the circumferential fixed connection mode of the stator bearing and the bearing housing or the bearing end cover is pin connection, pin connection or key connection.
  • the rotating shaft bearings are ball bearings, ceramic bearings or tetrafluoroethylene bearings, and the ball bearings can be single-row, double-row or multi-row ball bearings;
  • the rotating shaft bearing is a pair of angular contact ball bearings arranged oppositely, and a preloaded spring is arranged between the outer rings of the two angular contact ball bearings.
  • the stator bearing is an air bearing, an oil film floating ring bearing or a tilting shoe bearing.
  • the rotating shaft bearing is a ball bearing
  • the stator bearing is an air bearing
  • the radial bearing further includes at least one intermediate bearing, the intermediate bearing is a contact bearing, the intermediate bearing is sleeved between the rotating shaft bearing and the stator bearing, and a gap is left between the stator bearing and the intermediate bearing.
  • the intermediate bearing is a ball bearing.
  • the motor using parallel bearings further includes a motor end cover, and the motor end cover is arranged at both ends of the stator.
  • a thrust disk is provided on the rotating shaft, and a thrust bearing is also provided on one or both sides of the thrust disk.
  • the motor using parallel bearings further includes a thrust bearing fixedly connected to the radial bearing
  • the thrust bearing includes a foil, an elastic body and a thrust bearing housing;
  • the thrust bearing housing is provided with Outside the thrust plate, the thrust plate is fixed or integrally formed with the rotating shaft.
  • the thrust bearing housing is sleeved on the rotating shaft.
  • the inner end surface of the thrust bearing housing is fixed with foil through the elastic body, and there is a gap between the foil and the thrust plate.
  • the thrust bearing housing is provided with a thrust bearing air inlet; the thrust bearing housing is fixed on the stator.
  • the foil has a ring shape, and the outer diameter of the foil is larger than the outer diameter of the thrust plate.
  • the elastic body and the foil and the thrust bearing shell are all bonded.
  • the radial bearing also includes a radial bearing housing, the radial bearing housing is arranged on one end surface and the outer circumference of the stator bearing, the radial bearing housing and the thrust bearing housing are fixedly connected, and the stator bearing and The radial bearing housing and the thrust bearing housing are circumferentially fixed.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the stator bearing is provided with an air cavity, and the bottom of the air cavity is provided with an air hole.
  • One end of the air hole is connected to the air cavity, and the other end is connected to the gap between the stator bearing and the shaft bearing.
  • circumferential fixing mode between the stator bearing and the radial bearing housing and the thrust bearing housing is pin connection, pin connection or key connection.
  • the rotating shaft bearings are ball bearings, ceramic bearings or tetrafluoroethylene bearings, and the ball bearings can be single-row, double-row or multi-row ball bearings; the stator bearings are air bearings, oil film floating ring bearings or tilting pad bearings.
  • the rotating shaft bearing is a single-layer or multi-layer bearing.
  • the radial bearing further includes at least one intermediate bearing, the intermediate bearing is a contact bearing, the intermediate bearing is sleeved between the rotating shaft bearing and the stator bearing, and a gap is left between the stator bearing and the intermediate bearing.
  • the intermediate bearing is a ball bearing.
  • the intermediate bearing is a single-layer or multi-layer bearing.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the motor bearing of the present invention has low cost, can support the bearing in the radial direction, and can also limit the displacement of the rotating shaft in the axial direction; the surface of the foil bearing is flexible, has high bearing capacity, low friction and power consumption, The advantages of high stability, allowable bearing clearance loss, resistance to vibration and impact; the relative speed of each stage of the radial bearing is reduced, not limited by the theoretical DN value, and low dependence on lubricating oil.
  • an air film exists between the rotating shaft and the air bearing. As the speed of the rotating shaft further increases or the shaft diameter of the rotating shaft increases, the friction force further increases.
  • the air film exists between the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the air bearing. Because the speed of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is relatively small, the relative speed between the air film and the air bearing is relatively small, and the friction is small. Small, so the rubber ring between the air bearing and the bearing housing is not easy to wear and has a long service life.
  • the rotation speed of multiple radial bearings on the same rotating shaft can be adjusted adaptively, without artificial setting or adjustment of the rotation speed, and the effect of synchronous rotation can be achieved.
  • the motor of the present invention can obtain a higher speed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a motor structure in the first case of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor bearing structure in the second case of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the motor bearing structure in the third case of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the motor bearing structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure number 100-radial bearing, 101-rotating shaft bearing, 102-stator bearing, 103-rubber ring, 104-air cavity, 105-air hole, 106-radial bearing housing, 107-intermediate bearing, 108-diameter
  • To the bearing air inlet 109-radial bearing end cover, 200-rotation shaft, 210-stator, 220-motor end cover, 300-thrust disc, 400-thrust bearing, 401-foil, 402-elastomer, 403- Thrust bearing air inlet, 404-thrust bearing housing.
  • a motor using parallel bearings includes a rotating shaft 200 and a stator 210.
  • a pair of radial bearings 100 are sleeved on the rotating shaft 200 to support the rotating shaft 200 in the radial direction.
  • the radial bearings 100 are parallel bearings.
  • the radial bearing 100 includes at least one rotating shaft bearing 101 and one stator bearing 102.
  • the inner ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101 is fixed to the rotating shaft 200, and the stator bearing 102 can be fixed to the stator 210 through the radial bearing end cover 109 or the radial bearing housing 106.
  • a motor using parallel bearings is provided with a motor end cover 220, and the motor end cover 220 is arranged on both ends of the stator 210 to protect the internal components of the motor. Both ends of the rotating shaft 200 protrude or do not protrude from the motor end cover 220, or one end protrudes from the motor end cover 220.
  • the radial bearing 100 includes a rotating shaft bearing 101 and a stator bearing 102.
  • the rotating shaft bearing 101 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 200, and the stator bearing 102 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft bearing 101 and maintains a certain gap with the outer wall of the rotating shaft bearing 101.
  • the radial bearing housing 106 is arranged on one end surface and the outer circumference of the stator bearing 102, and the radial bearing end cover 109 is arranged on the other end surface of the stator bearing 102 and abuts against and fixes the radial bearing housing 106.
  • the radial bearing housing The body 106 and the radial bearing end cover 109 are fixed on the motor stator, and the stator bearing 102 and the radial bearing housing 106 or the radial bearing end cover 109 are fixed in the circumferential direction.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the stator bearing 102 is provided with an air cavity 22.
  • the bottom of the air cavity 22 is provided with an air hole 23.
  • One end of the air hole 23 is connected to the air cavity 22, and the other end is connected to the gap between the stator bearing 102 and the rotating shaft bearing 101.
  • An apron 21 is also provided between the bearing shells 106.
  • the circumferential fixed connection between the stator bearing 102 and the radial bearing housing 106 or the radial bearing end cover 109 is pin connection, pin connection or key connection.
  • the pin can be fixedly installed on the end surface of the stator bearing 102, and the radial bearing housing 106 is provided with a corresponding accommodating hole.
  • the pin can be fixedly installed on the end surface of the radial bearing housing 106 facing the stator bearing 102, and the stator bearing 102 is provided with a corresponding receiving hole.
  • the pin or pin can be installed from the outer circumference of the radial bearing housing 106 along the radial direction of the radial bearing housing 106. One end of the pin is fixed to the radial bearing housing 106, and the other end is inserted into the outer circumference of the stator bearing 102. Corresponding accommodating holes are provided on the outer periphery.
  • the key can be fixedly installed on the end face of the stator bearing 102 or integrally formed with one end face of the stator bearing 102, and the radial bearing housing 106 is provided with a corresponding key groove.
  • the key can be fixedly installed on the inner diameter surface of the radial bearing housing 106 or integrally formed with the inner diameter surface of the radial bearing housing 106, and the stator bearing 102 is provided with a corresponding key groove.
  • the rotating shaft bearing 101 When the rotating shaft 200 starts, the rotating shaft bearing 101 outside the rotating shaft 200 contacts the bottom of the stator bearing 102. As the rotating shaft 200 rotates, the inner ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101 rotates. At the same time, the stator bearing 102 and the outer ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101 Due to the gradual separation of the air film or the oil film, the rotating shaft bearing 101 rotates eccentrically in the stator bearing 102. When the rotating shaft 200 runs stably and at a high speed, the rotating shaft 200 and the rotating shaft bearing 101 are coaxial and rotate eccentrically around a circle in the stator bearing 102. At the same time, the outer ring of the shaft bearing 101 rotates.
  • a ball bearing is used as the rotating shaft bearing 101, and an air bearing is used as the stator bearing 102.
  • the rotating shaft 200 When the rotating shaft 200 rotates, it drives the inner ring of the ball bearing to rotate, and an air film is formed between the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the air bearing.
  • the air bearing is fixed on the stator and has a relative speed with the outer ring of the rolling bearing.
  • the inner ring speed of the ball bearing is set to V2, the outer ring speed is V1, the air bearing speed is V0, the air bearing is fixed on the stator, V0 is approximately 0, and the ball bearing outer ring
  • the speed difference relative to the inner ring a V2-V1
  • the parallel bearing of the present invention is suitable for working conditions of large shaft diameter and high speed.
  • the damping and stiffness of the parallel bearing of the present invention are not lower than the damping and stiffness of a single bearing.
  • the radial bearing 100 includes a rotating shaft bearing 101, a stator bearing 102 and an intermediate bearing 107.
  • FIG. 2 only describes the schematic diagram of the radial bearing in the second case.
  • an intermediate bearing 107 is sleeved on the shaft bearing 101 in the first case.
  • a plurality of intermediate bearings 107 are sequentially sheathed and each intermediate bearing 107 is coaxial
  • the stator bearing 102 is sleeved outside the outermost intermediate bearing 107 and maintains a certain gap with the outer wall of the outermost intermediate bearing 107.
  • the intermediate bearing 107 is a ball bearing.
  • the outer ring of the intermediate bearing 107 contacts the bottom of the stator bearing 102.
  • the inner ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101 rotates.
  • the outer ring of the intermediate bearing 107 and the outer ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101 Due to the gradual separation of the air film or oil film, the rotating shaft 200 drives the rotating shaft bearing 101 and the intermediate bearing 107 to rotate eccentrically in the stator bearing 102.
  • the rotating shaft 200 runs stably and at a high speed
  • the rotating shaft 200, the rotating shaft bearing 101 and the intermediate bearing 107 are coaxial, and
  • the stator bearing 102 rotates eccentrically around a certain circle.
  • the outer ring of the rotating shaft bearing 101, the inner ring and the outer ring of each intermediate bearing 107 all rotate.
  • the ball bearing or roller bearing of the rotating shaft bearing 101 is an integrated multi-layer bearing, and the ball or roller layer is arranged in multiple layers.
  • the radial bearing 100 includes a rotating shaft bearing 101 and a stator bearing 102.
  • the solution provided in this situation is to select a pair of angular contact ball bearings to be arranged oppositely, and to set a preloaded spring between the outer rings of the two angular contact ball bearings.
  • the ball and the cage can be moved closer or farther away, that is, the internal friction of the bearing can be increased or decreased, so as to achieve the purpose of the friction suitable for the required working conditions.
  • a thrust plate 300 is provided on the rotating shaft 200, and one or both sides of the thrust plate 300 are also provided with thrust bearings 400 to limit the displacement of the rotating shaft 200 in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a situation in which a thrust plate 300 is added in this embodiment on the basis of the first case of Embodiment 1, and thrust bearings 400 are provided on both sides of the thrust plate 300.
  • a thrust bearing 400 fixedly connected to the radial bearing 100 is added on one side of the radial bearing 100, and the radial bearing 100 and the thrust bearing 400 are used as a combined bearing.
  • the thrust bearing 400 is arranged on the thrust plate 300; the thrust plate 300 is arranged on the rotating shaft 200, and the thrust plate 300 and the rotating shaft 200 are fixed as one body or integrally formed.
  • the thrust bearing 400 includes a foil 401, an elastic body 402 and a thrust bearing housing 404; the thrust bearing housing 404 is arranged outside the thrust plate 300 and sleeved on the rotating shaft 200.
  • the two inner end surfaces (see FIG. 6) or one inner end surface of the thrust bearing housing 404 are fixed with foils 401 through the elastic body 402, and the elastic body 402 is bonded to the foil 401 and the thrust bearing housing 404.
  • the foil 401 has a ring shape.
  • the outer diameter of the foil 401 is larger than the outer diameter of the thrust plate 300.
  • the thrust bearing housing 404 is provided with a thrust bearing air inlet 403. , The airflow flows into the gap between the foil 401 and the thrust plate 300 to form an air film, which restricts the displacement of the rotating shaft 200 in the axial direction.
  • the thrust bearing housing 404 and the radial bearing end cover 109 or the radial bearing housing 106 are fixed as one piece or integrally formed, and fixed with the stator 210.
  • the stator bearing 102 is circumferentially fixed to the radial bearing housing 106 and the thrust bearing housing 404.
  • the circumferential fixing method between the stator bearing 102 and the radial bearing housing 106 and the thrust bearing housing 404 is pin connection, pin connection or key connection.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the stator bearing 102 is provided with an air cavity 104.
  • the bottom of the air cavity 104 is provided with an air hole 105.
  • One end of the air hole 105 is connected to the air cavity 104, and the other end is connected to the gap between the stator bearing 102 and the rotating shaft bearing 101.
  • An apron 103 is also provided between the bearing housings 106, a radial bearing air inlet 108 is provided on the radial bearing housing 106, and the radial bearing air inlet 108 communicates with the air cavity 104.
  • an intermediate bearing 107 can also be added to the radial bearing 100, or a pair of angular contact ball bearings can be used as the rotating shaft bearing 101, and a preload spring is arranged between the outer rings.
  • the specific types of the motor of the present invention include:
  • Drive motor specifically for electric tools (including drilling, polishing, polishing, slotting, cutting, reaming, etc.) motors, household appliances (including washing machines, electric fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, tape recorders, video recorders, etc.) , DVD players, vacuum cleaners, cameras, hair dryers, electric shavers, etc.) and other general small mechanical equipment (including various small machine tools, small machinery, medical equipment, electronic equipment, etc.) motors.
  • electric tools including drilling, polishing, polishing, slotting, cutting, reaming, etc.
  • household appliances including washing machines, electric fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, tape recorders, video recorders, etc.
  • DVD players including vacuum cleaners, cameras, hair dryers, electric shavers, etc.
  • other general small mechanical equipment including various small machine tools, small machinery, medical equipment, electronic equipment, etc.
  • Control motors specifically stepping motors and servo motors, etc.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种使用并联轴承的电机，包括转轴（200）和定子（210）；一对径向轴承（100）套设在转轴（200）上，径向轴承（100）包括转轴轴承（101）和定子轴承（102）；转轴轴承（101）为接触式轴承，转轴轴承（101）套设于转轴（200）上；定子轴承（102）为非接触式轴承，定子轴承（102）套设于转轴轴承（101）上，定子轴承（102）与转轴轴承（101）之间留有间隙，定子轴承（102）固定于定子（210）上。径向轴承（100）降低了对润滑油的依赖性，电机可获得较高的转速。

Description

一种使用并联轴承的电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，具体涉及一种使用并联轴承的电机。
背景技术
电机使用的轴承是一个支撑轴的零件，它可以引导轴的旋转，也可以承受轴上空转的部件。电机轴承又名电动机轴承或者马达轴承，是专门应用于电动机或者马达上的一种专用轴承。电机轴承利用光滑的金属滚珠或滚柱以及润滑的内圈和外圈金属面来减小摩擦。这些滚珠或滚柱“承载”着负载，支撑着电机主轴，使电机(转子)可以平稳旋转。
滚动轴承采用润滑脂润滑。DN值是选用滚动轴承润滑油的一个参考值，其中，D为轴承直径，N为轴承内外圈相对转速。高DN值的轴承对润滑脂或润滑油的附着性、工作寿命、工作温度要求都比较高，而这类润滑脂或润滑油的价格通常也较高。
理论上来说，转轴轴径越粗，就能承受更大的载荷，也能承受更大的临界转速，但是这样会使与之相配合的轴承DN值变大，就需要较高性能的润滑油，否则会造成轴承磨损、卡轴等故障。
为了解决轴承磨损这一问题，申请号为201480053353.6、名为“涡轮增压器用轴承装置、以及涡轮增压器用轴承装置的制造方法”的专利提供了一种轴承装置，是在滚珠轴承外嵌套了相当于油膜轴承的筒体，但是该筒体内壁与滚珠轴承外圈是固定的、外壁与定子直接存在相对转动，相当于为滚珠轴承外部增加了一层保护套，但是并没有改变轴承的相对转速，仍然需要高性能润滑脂或润滑油。
对于非接触式轴承，如径向空气轴承，是依靠轴和轴承内圈之间的压缩空气来实现支撑功能，通常采用在轴承外径和轴承座之间安装橡胶圈，依靠橡胶圈和轴承外径之间的摩擦力来固定轴承，防止其发生周向转动。但是在空气轴承的实际运用过程中，当旋转轴的转速达到大概10万转以上时，压缩空气气膜和旋转轴之间会存在气摩擦，该摩擦也随着转轴转速的增大而增大，该摩擦力产生的扭矩使得空气轴承随着旋转轴转动更加明显和频繁。并且随着旋转轴转速的进一步提高或者旋转轴的轴径的增大，气膜与径向空气轴承内径之间的摩擦力进一步增大，径向空气轴承相对于轴承座之间的旋转速度增大，橡胶圈会很容易磨损损坏，同时会限制电机转速。
与此同时，在转速极高的情况下，转轴会产生轴向位移，因此需要在轴向上对其自由度 进行限制。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种使用并联轴承的电机，可以在径向上支撑轴承解决磨损问题，也可以在轴向上限制转轴位移，以便获得更高的转速。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种使用并联轴承的电机，包括转轴和定子；一对径向轴承套设在转轴上，所述径向轴承包括转轴轴承和定子轴承；转轴轴承为接触式轴承，转轴轴承套设于转轴上；定子轴承为非接触式轴承，定子轴承套设于转轴轴承上，定子轴承与转轴轴承留有间隙，定子轴承固定于定子上。
作为进一步改进，所述径向轴承还包括轴承壳体，轴承壳体罩设于定子轴承的一个端面及外周上，轴承端盖设置在定子轴承的另一个端面上并与轴承壳体固定，轴承壳体和/或轴承端盖固定于定子上，定子轴承与轴承壳体或轴承端盖在周向上固定。
所述定子轴承的外周面设置有气腔，气腔底部设置有气孔，气孔一端连通气腔，另一端连接定子轴承与转轴轴承之间的间隙，定子轴承与轴承壳体之间还设有胶圈。
进一步地，所述定子轴承与轴承壳体或轴承端盖的周向固定连接方式为销连接、销钉连接或键连接。
所述转轴轴承为滚珠轴承、陶瓷轴承或四氟乙烯轴承，而滚珠轴承可选单列、双列或多列滚珠轴承；
所述转轴轴承为相对设置的一对角接触球轴承，两个角接触球轴承的外圈之间设置预载弹簧。
所述定子轴承为空气轴承、油膜浮环轴承或可倾瓦轴承。
所述转轴轴承为滚珠轴承，所述定子轴承为空气轴承。
作为进一步改进，所述径向轴承还包括至少一个中间轴承，中间轴承为接触式轴承，中间轴承套设于转轴轴承和定子轴承之间，定子轴承与中间轴承留有间隙。
所述中间轴承为滚珠轴承。
作为进一步改进，所述使用并联轴承的电机还包括电机端盖，电机端盖罩设在定子的两端。
另外，作为本发明的进一步改进，所述转轴上设置有推力盘，推力盘的一侧或两侧还设置有推力轴承。
另外，作为本发明的进一步改进，所述使用并联轴承的电机还包括与径向轴承固定连接 的推力轴承，所述推力轴承包括箔片、弹性体和推力轴承壳体；推力轴承壳体罩设在推力盘外，推力盘与转轴固定或一体成型，推力轴承壳体套设于转轴上，推力轴承壳体的内侧端面通过弹性体固定有箔片，箔片与推力盘之间留有间隙，推力轴承壳体上设置推力轴承进气口；所述推力轴承壳体固定在定子上。
作为进一步改进，所述箔片为环形，箔片的外径大于推力盘的外径。
所述弹性体与箔片、推力轴承壳体之间均为粘接。
作为进一步改进，所述径向轴承还包括径向轴承壳体，径向轴承壳体罩设于定子轴承的一个端面及外周上，径向轴承壳体与推力轴承壳体固定连接，定子轴承与径向轴承壳体、推力轴承壳体周向固定。
所述定子轴承的外周面设置有气腔，气腔底部设置有气孔，气孔一端连通气腔，另一端连接定子轴承与转轴轴承之间的间隙，定子轴承与径向轴承壳体之间还设有胶圈，径向轴承壳体上设置径向轴承进气口，径向轴承进气口连通气腔。
进一步地，所述定子轴承与径向轴承壳体、推力轴承壳体之间的周向固定方式为销连接、销钉连接或键连接。
所述转轴轴承为滚珠轴承、陶瓷轴承或四氟乙烯轴承，而滚珠轴承可选单列、双列或多列滚珠轴承；定子轴承为空气轴承、油膜浮环轴承或可倾瓦轴承。
所述转轴轴承为单层或多层轴承。
作为进一步改进，所述径向轴承还包括至少一个中间轴承，中间轴承为接触式轴承，中间轴承套设于转轴轴承和定子轴承之间，定子轴承与中间轴承留有间隙。
所述中间轴承为滚珠轴承。
所述中间轴承为单层或多层轴承。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明的电机轴承成本低廉，可以在径向上支撑轴承，也可以在轴向上限制转轴位移；箔片轴承表面是柔性的，具有高承载力、低摩擦功耗、高稳定性、容许轴承间隙损失、耐振动冲击等优点；径向轴承中每一级轴承的相对转速减小，不受理论DN值的限制，对润滑油的依赖性低。现有技术中，气膜存在于转轴和空气轴承之间，随着旋转轴转速的进一步提高或者旋转轴的轴径的增大，摩擦力进一步增大，而采用本发明的径向轴承后，气膜存在于滚动轴承外圈和空气轴承之间，由于滚动轴承外圈的转速较小，气膜和空气轴承之间的相对转速就比较小，摩擦力小，相对于轴承座之间的旋转速度也小，因此空气轴承和轴承壳体之间的胶圈不容易磨损，使用寿命高。同一转轴上的多个径向轴承的转速可以自适应调节，不需要人为设定或调节转速，能够达到同步转动的效果。本发明的电机可获 得较高转速。
当然，实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一第一种情况的电机结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例一第二种情况的电机轴承结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例一第三种情况的电机轴承结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例二的电机结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例三的电机结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例三的电机轴承结构示意图。
附图编号：100-径向轴承，101-转轴轴承，102-定子轴承，103-胶圈，104-气腔，105-气孔，106-径向轴承壳体，107-中间轴承，108-径向轴承进气口，109-径向轴承端盖，200-转轴，210-定子，220-电机端盖，300-推力盘，400-推力轴承，401-箔片，402-弹性体，403-推力轴承进气口，404-推力轴承壳体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例一
使用并联轴承的电机包括转轴200、定子210，一对径向轴承100套设在转轴200上，在径向上支撑转轴200，所述径向轴承100为并联轴承。
径向轴承100至少包含一个转轴轴承101和一个定子轴承102。转轴轴承101内圈与转轴200固定，定子轴承102可以通过径向轴承端盖109或径向轴承壳体106与定子210固定。
使用并联轴承的电机设置电机端盖220，电机端盖220罩设在定子210两端，用于保护电机内部件。转轴200两头伸出或不伸出电机端盖220，或其中一头伸出电机端盖220。
第一种情况，参见图1，径向轴承100包含一个转轴轴承101和一个定子轴承102。转轴轴承101套设于转轴200上，定子轴承102套设于转轴轴承101外，并与转轴轴承101外壁保持一定的间隙。
径向轴承壳体106罩设于定子轴承102的一个端面与外周，径向轴承端盖109设置在定子轴承102的另一个端面上并与径向轴承壳体106抵接固定，径向轴承壳体106及径向轴承端盖109固定于电机定子上，定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106或径向轴承端盖109在周向 上固定。
定子轴承102的外周面设置有气腔22，气腔22底部设置有气孔23，气孔23一端连通气腔22，另一端连接定子轴承102与转轴轴承101之间的间隙，定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106之间还设有胶圈21。
定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106或径向轴承端盖109的周向固定连接方式为销连接、销钉连接或键连接。
销可以固定安装于定子轴承102的端面，径向轴承壳体106上设置有相应的容纳孔。
销可以固定安装于径向轴承壳体106的朝向定子轴承102的端面，定子轴承102上设置有相应的容纳孔。
销或销钉可以从径向轴承壳体106的外周沿径向轴承壳体106的径向安装，销的一端固定于径向轴承壳体106，另一端插入定子轴承102的外周，定子轴承102的外周设置有相应的容纳孔。
键可以固定安装于定子轴承102的端面或者与定子轴承102的一个端面一体成型，径向轴承壳体106上设置有相应的键槽。
键可以固定安装于径向轴承壳体106的内径面，或者与径向轴承壳体106的内径面一体成型，定子轴承102上设置有相应的键槽。
当转轴200启动时，转轴200外套的转轴轴承101与定子轴承102底部接触，随着转轴200的转动，带动转轴轴承101内圈转动，与此同时，定子轴承102与转轴轴承101外圈之间由于气膜或油膜作用逐渐分离，转轴轴承101在定子轴承102内偏心转动，当转轴200稳定高速运转时，转轴200、转轴轴承101同轴，并在定子轴承102内绕一圆周偏心转动。同时，转轴轴承101的外圈发生自转。
本情况中采用一个滚珠轴承作为转轴轴承101，采用一个空气轴承作为定子轴承102。
转轴200转动时，带动滚珠轴承内圈转动，滚动轴承的外圈和空气轴承之间形成气膜。空气轴承固定在定子上，与滚动轴承的外圈之间存在相对转速。
对于原有的滚珠轴承来说，当轴径一定时，对于原来的轴上设置的转轴轴承来说，当转轴转动时，设滚珠轴承内圈转速为V2、外圈转速为V0，由于外圈固定在定子上，V0近似为0，所以滚珠轴承外圈的相对转速n＝V2-V0。
采用本发明并联轴承后，当转轴200转动时，设滚珠轴承内圈转速为V2，外圈转速为V1，空气轴承转速为V0，空气轴承固定在定子上，V0近似为0，滚珠轴承外圈相对于内圈的速度差a＝V2-V1，相对于空气轴承的速度差b＝V1-V0，a和b均小于n。可见，滚动轴承内外圈相 对转速是降低的，即同等情况下，实际DN值减小，选用普通的润滑脂即可满足需求。
以此类推，不论转轴轴承101上依次并联套设多少个滚动轴承，均不会使实际DN值变得过大，轴径D与轴承转速N之间已被解耦。因此，本发明的并联轴承，适用于大轴径、高转速工况。且本发明并联轴承的阻尼和刚度不低于单个轴承的阻尼和刚度，具体地，并联轴承阻尼＝空气轴承阻尼+各轴承胶圈阻尼；并联轴承刚度＝空气轴承刚度。
第二种情况，参见图2，径向轴承100包括一个转轴轴承101、一个定子轴承102和一个中间轴承107。
本情况与第一种情况仅为径向轴承不同，图2只描述第二种情况的径向轴承示意图，第二种情况是在第一种情况的转轴轴承101上套设一个中间轴承107(或依次外套多个中间轴承107且各中间轴承107同轴)，定子轴承102套设于最外围的中间轴承107外，并与最外围的中间轴承107外壁保持一定的间隙。
具体地，中间轴承107选用滚珠轴承。当转轴200启动时，中间轴承107外圈与定子轴承102底部接触，随着转轴200的转动，带动转轴轴承101内圈转动，与此同时，中间轴承107外圈与转轴轴承101外圈之间由于气膜或油膜作用逐渐分离，转轴200带动转轴轴承101及中间轴承107在定子轴承102内偏心转动，当转轴200稳定高速运转时，转轴200、转轴轴承101、中间轴承107同轴，并在定子轴承102内绕某一圆周偏心转动。同时，转轴轴承101的外圈、各中间轴承107的内圈及外圈均发生自转。
转轴轴承101的滚珠轴承或滚柱轴承为一体式多层轴承，滚珠层或滚柱层设置为多层。
第三种情况，参见图3，径向轴承100包括一个转轴轴承101和一个定子轴承102。
本情况与第一种情况仅为径向轴承不同，图3只描述第三种情况的径向轴承示意图，第三种情况的转轴轴承101选用角接触球轴承时，由于轴承内圈固定在转轴200上，外圈、保持架与滚珠之间会发生相对位移，通俗来讲是指轴承内部滚珠过于松动，需要采用适当的处理措施。
本情况提供的解决方案是选用一对角接触球轴承相对设置，两个角接触球轴承的外圈之间设置预载弹簧。
通过调节弹簧的预载力，可以使滚珠和保持架之间靠近或远离，即可以使轴承内部摩擦力增大或减小，以达到适用于所需工况条件下的摩擦力的目的。
本实施例中，转轴200转动时，带动转轴轴承101内圈转动，转轴轴承101外圈或者最外围中间轴承107的外圈在空气轴承或者油膜浮环轴承的作用下转动。且同一转轴上的多个并联轴承的转速会根据受力进行自适应调节，达到同步转动的效果。
实施例二
本实施例是在实施例一的各种情况的基础上，在转轴200上设置推力盘300，推力盘300一侧或两侧还设置推力轴承400，以在轴向限制转轴200的位移。图4描述了本实施例在实施例一第一种情况的基础上增加推力盘300以及推力盘300两侧设置推力轴承400的情况。
实施例三
如图5-图6，本实施例与实施例一不同的是，在径向轴承100的一侧增加一个与其固定连接的推力轴承400，径向轴承100与推力轴承400作为组合轴承。
推力轴承400设置在推力盘300上；推力盘300设置在转轴200上，推力盘300与转轴200固定为一体或一体成型。
推力轴承400，包括箔片401、弹性体402和推力轴承壳体404；所述推力轴承壳体404罩设在推力盘300外并套设于转轴200上。
推力轴承壳体404的两个内侧端面(参见图6)或一个内侧端面通过弹性体402固定有箔片401，弹性体402与箔片401、推力轴承壳体404之间均为粘接。
箔片401为环形，箔片401的外径大于推力盘300的外径，箔片401与推力盘300之间留有间隙，推力轴承壳体404上设置推力轴承进气口403，进气时，气流流入箔片401与推力盘300之间的空隙形成气膜，在轴向上对转轴200进行位移限制。
推力轴承壳体404与径向轴承端盖109或径向轴承壳体106(此时省去径向轴承端盖109)固定为一体或一体成型，并与定子210固定。
定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106、推力轴承壳体404周向固定。所述定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106、推力轴承壳体404之间的周向固定方式为销连接、销钉连接或键连接。
定子轴承102的外周面设置有气腔104，气腔104底部设置有气孔105，气孔105一端连通气腔104，另一端连接定子轴承102与转轴轴承101之间的间隙，定子轴承102与径向轴承壳体106之间还设有胶圈103，径向轴承壳体106上设置径向轴承进气口108，径向轴承进气口108连通气腔104。
当然本实施例也可以在径向轴承100中增加中间轴承107，也可以采用一对角接触球轴承作为转轴轴承101，并在其外圈之间设置预载弹簧。
本发明的电机的具体类型包括：
1)驱动用电动机：具体为电动工具(包括钻孔、抛光、磨光、开槽、切割、扩孔等工具)用电动机、家电(包括洗衣机、电风扇、电冰箱、空调器、录音机、录像机、影碟机、吸尘器、照相机、电吹风、电动剃须刀等)用电动机及其它通用小型机械设备(包括各种小型机 床、小型机械、医疗器械、电子仪器等)用电动机。
2)控制用电动机：具体为步进电动机和伺服电动机等。
以上电机种类并不构成对本发明并联轴承使用场合的限制，凡是包含本发明的并联轴承的电机，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种使用并联轴承的电机，包括转轴和定子；其特征在于，一对径向轴承套设在转轴上，所述径向轴承包括转轴轴承和定子轴承；转轴轴承为接触式轴承，转轴轴承套设于转轴上；定子轴承为非接触式轴承，定子轴承套设于转轴轴承上，定子轴承与转轴轴承留有间隙，定子轴承固定于定子上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述径向轴承还包括轴承壳体，轴承壳体罩设于定子轴承的一个端面及外周上，轴承端盖设置在定子轴承的另一个端面上并与轴承壳体固定，轴承壳体和/或轴承端盖固定于定子上，定子轴承与轴承壳体或轴承端盖在周向上固定。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述定子轴承的外周面设置有气腔，气腔底部设置有气孔，气孔一端连通气腔，另一端连接定子轴承与转轴轴承之间的间隙，定子轴承与轴承壳体之间还设有胶圈。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述径向轴承还包括至少一个中间轴承，中间轴承为接触式轴承，中间轴承套设于转轴轴承和定子轴承之间，定子轴承与中间轴承留有间隙。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述中间轴承为滚珠轴承。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述转轴上设置有推力盘，推力盘的一侧或两侧还设置有推力轴承。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述使用并联轴承的电机还包括与径向轴承固定连接的推力轴承，所述推力轴承包括箔片、弹性体和推力轴承壳体；推力轴承壳体罩设在推力盘外，推力盘与转轴固定或一体成型，推力轴承壳体套设于转轴上，推力轴承壳体的内侧端面通过弹性体固定有箔片，箔片与推力盘之间留有间隙，推力轴承壳体上设置推力轴承进气口；所述推力轴承壳体固定在定子上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述径向轴承还包括径向轴承壳体，径向轴承壳体罩设于定子轴承的一个端面及外周上，径向轴承壳体与推力轴承壳体固定连接，定子轴承与径向轴承壳体、推力轴承壳体周向固定。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述定子轴承的外周面设置有气腔，气腔底部设置有气孔，气孔一端连通气腔，另一端连接定子轴承与转轴轴承之间的间隙，定子轴承与径向轴承壳体之间还设有胶圈，径向轴承壳体上设置径向轴承进气口，径向轴承进气口连通气腔。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的使用并联轴承的电机，其特征在于，所述径向轴承还包括至少一个中 间轴承，中间轴承为接触式轴承，中间轴承套设于转轴轴承和定子轴承之间，定子轴承与中间轴承留有间隙。
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