WO2021128619A1 - 铝合金及其制备方法和铝合金结构件 - Google Patents

铝合金及其制备方法和铝合金结构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021128619A1
WO2021128619A1 PCT/CN2020/081382 CN2020081382W WO2021128619A1 WO 2021128619 A1 WO2021128619 A1 WO 2021128619A1 CN 2020081382 W CN2020081382 W CN 2020081382W WO 2021128619 A1 WO2021128619 A1 WO 2021128619A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
containing raw
raw materials
casting
content
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PCT/CN2020/081382
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭强
曹梦梦
巩泉雨
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/789,111 priority Critical patent/US20230062077A1/en
Priority to EP20905426.1A priority patent/EP4083248A4/en
Publication of WO2021128619A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021128619A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of materials, and in particular to aluminum alloys and preparation methods thereof, and aluminum alloy structural parts.
  • Die casting is one of the basic forming methods of aluminum alloy, which can be used for product design of complex structural parts.
  • the most commonly used die-cast aluminum alloy is the Ai-Si-Cu die-casting alloy ADC12 specified by the Japanese Industrial Standard JISH5302. It has good material flow forming properties, large forming process window, and high cost performance. It has been widely used in aluminum alloy die-casting products.
  • ADC12 has the advantages of low density and high specificity. It can be used for die-casting shells, small size and thin products or brackets, but its die-cast products have medium strength, with a tensile strength of 230-250MPa, a yield strength of 160-190MPa, and extension. The rate is less than 3%, which is easy to cause product deformation and other problems, and it is difficult to meet the strength requirements of future mobile phones and notebook computers.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. For this reason, one objective of the present disclosure is to provide a high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy includes: 11%-15% Zn; 7.5%-9% Si; 1.2%-2% Cu ; 0.3% to 0.5% of Mn; 0.05% to 0.3% of Mg; 0.1% to 0.2% of Ni; 0.001% to 0.04% of Sr; 0.05% to 0.3% of Ti; 0.01% to 0.15% of Fe; and 72.51% ⁇ 79.79% Al.
  • the aluminum alloy has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good ductility and excellent casting formability. It is suitable for structural parts that require high strength, such as 3C product structure. Parts, automobile load-bearing structural parts, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of preparing the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
  • the method includes heating aluminum, zinc-containing raw materials, silicon-containing raw materials, copper-containing raw materials, manganese-containing raw materials, magnesium-containing raw materials, nickel-containing raw materials, strontium-containing raw materials, titanium-containing raw materials, and iron-containing raw materials Melt to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid; and sequentially perform slag removal, refining and casting treatments on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the method is simple and convenient to operate, easy to industrially implement, and the obtained aluminum alloy has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good ductility, and excellent casting formability.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy structural member.
  • at least a part of the aluminum alloy structural member is made of the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy structural member has all the features and advantages of the aluminum alloy described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy includes: 11%-15% Zn; 7.5%-9% Si; 1.2%-2% Cu ; 0.3% to 0.5% of Mn; 0.05% to 0.3% of Mg; 0.1% to 0.2% of Ni; 0.001% to 0.04% of Sr; 0.05% to 0.3% of Ti; 0.01% to 0.15% of Fe; and 72.51% ⁇ 79.79% Al.
  • the aluminum alloy has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good ductility and excellent casting formability. It is suitable for structural parts that require high strength, such as 3C product structure. Parts, automobile load-bearing structural parts, etc.
  • the specific content of the Zn element in the aluminum alloy may be 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.
  • the Zn element can be dissolved into Al to form a solid solution, causing lattice distortion, thereby increasing the strength of the aluminum alloy material. If the Zn content is too much, the solid solution of Zn will be limited, which will lead to excess Zn precipitation, reduce the alloy's plasticity, and increase the alloy's hot cracking tendency; if the Zn content is too small, the solid solution strengthening of Zn will be insufficient and the alloy strength will be reduced.
  • the specific content of Si element in the aluminum alloy may be 7.5%, 8%, 9%, etc.
  • Si element is dissolved in Al to form ⁇ -Al solid solution and Al-Si eutectic or hypoeutectic phase, which improves the mechanical properties of the material while ensuring the fluidity of die-casting and taking into account the yield problem of mass production. If the Si content is too much, the number of Al-Si eutectic will be too much, which will reduce the plasticity of the alloy; if the content of Si is too small, the number of Al-Si eutectic will be too small, reducing the alloy die-casting performance, making the alloy not capable of mass production Sex.
  • the specific content of Cu element in the aluminum alloy may be 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, etc.
  • the second phase CuAl 2 is precipitated and dispersed to improve the hardness and strength of the aluminum alloy. If the Cu content is too much, it will cause the fracture toughness and elongation to decrease; if the Cu content is too small, the alloy strength will be reduced. Within the above content range, it can not only play a better strengthening effect, but will not cause the fracture toughness and elongation to decrease.
  • the specific content of the Mn element in the aluminum alloy may be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, etc.
  • Mn can make aluminum alloy obtain better strong plasticity. If the Mn content is too much, a large amount of hard and brittle MnAl 6 phases will be formed, which will reduce the ductility of the alloy and increase the alloy's hot cracking tendency; if the Mn content is too small, the die casting performance of the alloy will be reduced.
  • the specific content of the Mg element in the aluminum alloy may be 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, etc.
  • Mg element can strengthen the alloy. With the increase of Mg content, the solid-liquid interval will increase and the fluidity will decrease. However, with the further increase of Mg, the degree of alloying of the material will be higher, and the fluidity will increase instead. The tendency of hot cracking increases, and the possibility of defective defects such as product cracking in actual die-casting increases. Therefore, if the Mg content is too much, the die-casting performance of the alloy will be reduced; if the Mg content is too small, the strengthening effect of Mg on the alloy is limited. Reduce the strength of the alloy.
  • the specific content of the Sr element in the aluminum alloy may be 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, etc.
  • Sr is added to the aluminum alloy as a modifier, which can refine the ⁇ -Al solid solution and the needle-like Si phase, improve the structure of the aluminum alloy, purify the grain boundary, reduce the resistance of the electron movement in the alloy, and further improve the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the material. Mechanical properties.
  • the AlZn solid solution of the alloy will be coarse, and the eutectic silicon phase around the distribution will begin to grow significantly, reducing the plasticity and strength of the alloy; if the Sr content is too small, the strengthening effect of Sr on the alloy will be limited and the strength of the alloy will be reduced. .
  • the specific content of Ni element in the aluminum alloy may be 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, etc.
  • the specific content of Ti element may be 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, etc.
  • the addition of Ni and Ti can refine the second phase and improve the overall performance of the aluminum alloy. If the content of Ni and Ti is too much, the grains of the eutectic silicon phase will grow abnormally and reduce the plasticity and strength of the alloy; if the content of Ni and Ti is too small, the strength of the alloy will be reduced.
  • the specific content of Fe element in the aluminum alloy may be 0.01%, 0.10%, 0.12%, 0.15%, etc. If the Fe content is too much, the excessive Fe will lead to the formation of needle-like or flake-like Al-Si-Fe phases in the aluminum alloy, splitting the grains, reducing the toughness of the aluminum alloy, and causing the product to fracture; if the Fe content is too small, the alloy The sticking tendency of the alloy is increased, which reduces the die-casting performance of the alloy.
  • the mass ratio of Cu and Mg is 6:1-30:1 (specifically, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1, 18:1, 20:1, 22:1, 25:1, 28:1, 30:1, etc.).
  • the aluminum alloy includes 11%-12% (including the endpoints 11% and 12%) of Zn, and the mass ratio of Cu and Mg is 6:1 ⁇ 10:1 (specifically, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, 7.5:1, 8:1, 8.5:1, 9:1, 9.5:1, 10:1, etc.), Ti and
  • the mass ratio of Ni is 0.9:1.1 to 1.1:0.9 (for example, 0.9:1.1, 1:1, 1.1:0.9, etc.).
  • the aluminum alloy includes 12% to 15% (including the endpoint 15%, excluding the endpoint 12%) of Zn, and Cu and Mg
  • the mass ratio is 12:1 ⁇ 24:1 (specifically, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21 :1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, etc.), the mass ratio of Ti to Ni is 1.9:1.1 ⁇ 2.1:0.9 (for example, 1.9:1.1, 2:1, 2.1:1, 2.1:0.9, etc.) ).
  • the Zn content exceeds the critical value of 12%, the solid solubility of Cu is sharply reduced.
  • a small part of Cu is solid-dissolved in the aluminum matrix, most of which form CuAl 2 , and Mg forms Al 2 Mg 3 Zn 3 phases, and appear MgZn 2 phase, because the MgZn 2 phase is thick and dendritic, which affects the elongation of aluminum alloy, it is necessary to add more Ti to refine MgZn 2.
  • MgZn 2 is transformed into fibrous form and a strengthening phase Mg 2 Ti appears
  • the remaining Ti and Ni can form hard AlNi particles, promote nucleation, and the size of the aluminum matrix is significantly refined. The strength of the material is improved.
  • the sum of the content of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy of the present disclosure is greater than or equal to 0.45%, and specifically may be 0.45% to 0.6% (such as 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, etc.). Within this range, it can be ensured that the aluminum alloy has excellent erosion performance on the mold during the production process.
  • the mass ratio of Fe and Mn may be 1:4 to 1:10, more specifically, it may be 1:5 to 1:9, and further may be 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1. :8, 1:9, etc. In this range, all Fe forms Al 6 (Fe, Mn) to avoid the appearance of needle-like phases of Fe and deteriorate the plasticity of aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy further includes unavoidable impurities.
  • the content of a single element in the unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.01% in terms of mass percentage.
  • the total content of avoided impurities is not more than 0.1%.
  • aluminum alloys since the purity of raw materials is difficult to reach 100%, and impurities are likely to be introduced during the preparation process, aluminum alloys usually contain inevitable impurities (such as P, Cr, Zr, Sc, etc.).
  • the content of individual impurity elements in the aluminum alloy can be 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008t%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, etc.
  • the impurity elements can be 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008t%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, etc.
  • the total content can specifically be 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, etc.
  • the content of each element in Zr, Cr and P is less than 0.01%, and the sum of the content of Zr, Cr and P three elements Less than 0.1%.
  • the various properties of the aluminum alloy can be well guaranteed to meet the requirements, and the aluminum alloy will not be negatively affected.
  • the aluminum alloy includes: 11% to 13% of Zn; 8% to 9% of Si; 1.2% to 1.5% of Cu ; 0.4% ⁇ 0.5% Mn; 0.05% ⁇ 0.2% Mg; 0.1% ⁇ 0.15% Ni; 0.001% ⁇ 0.04% Sr; 0.1% ⁇ 0.25% Ti; 0.05% ⁇ 0.1% Fe; and 72.26% ⁇ 79.1% Al.
  • the aluminum alloy is composed of the following components: 11%-15% Zn; 7.5%-9% Si; 1.2%-2% Cu; 0.3% ⁇ 0.5% Mn; 0.05% ⁇ 0.3% Mg; 0.1% ⁇ 0.2% Ni; 0.001% ⁇ 0.04% Sr; 0.05% ⁇ 0.3% Ti; 0.01% ⁇ 0.15% Fe ; And the balance of Al.
  • the aluminum alloy is composed of the following components: 11% to 13% Zn; 8% to 9% Si; 1.2% to 1.5% Cu; 0.4% ⁇ 0.5% Mn; 0.05% ⁇ 0.2% Mg; 0.1% ⁇ 0.15% Ni; 0.001% ⁇ 0.04% Sr; 0.1% ⁇ 0.25% Ti; 0.05% ⁇ 0.1% Fe ; And the balance of Al.
  • the aluminum alloy with the above composition and ratio has high strength, and at the same time has good plasticity, die-casting performance and thermal conductivity, and is suitable for preparing 3C product structural parts (such as mobile phone shells, middle frames, internal structural parts, etc.) ), automobile load-bearing structural parts, etc.
  • the aluminum alloy satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the yield strength is greater than or equal to 240 MPa, specifically 240 to 300 MPa (such as 240 MPa, 250 MPa, 260 MPa, 270 MPa, 280 MPa, 290 MPa, 300 MPa, etc.); Strength is greater than or equal to 390MPa, specifically 390 ⁇ 435MPa (such as 390MPa, 400MPa, 410MPa, 420MPa, 430MPa, 435MPa, etc.); elongation is greater than or equal to 4%, specifically 4%-75% (such as 4%, 4.5%) , 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, etc.); Die-casting fluidity is greater than or equal to 1700mm, specifically 1700 ⁇ 1800mm (specifically 1700mm, 1710mm, 1720mm, 1730mm, 1740mm, 1750mm, 1760mm , 1770mm, 1780mm, 1790
  • the aluminum alloy satisfies any one of the foregoing conditions, any two conditions, any three conditions, or all four conditions. In some specific embodiments, the aluminum alloy may satisfy all the foregoing four conditions. Therefore, the aluminum alloy has good strength, die-casting performance and plasticity at the same time, and can be effectively used in the manufacture of 3C product structural parts, automobile load-bearing structural parts, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of preparing the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
  • the method includes heating aluminum, zinc-containing raw materials, silicon-containing raw materials, copper-containing raw materials, manganese-containing raw materials, magnesium-containing raw materials, nickel-containing raw materials, strontium-containing raw materials, titanium-containing raw materials, and iron-containing raw materials Melt to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid; and sequentially perform slag removal, refining and casting treatments on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the method is simple and convenient to operate, easy to industrially implement, and the obtained aluminum alloy has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good ductility, and excellent casting formability.
  • the method may specifically include: heating and melting aluminum and the silicon-containing raw material, and adding the copper-containing raw material, the manganese-containing raw material, the strontium-containing raw material, the nickel-containing raw material, and The titanium-containing raw material is then heated and melted to obtain a first aluminum alloy liquid; the zinc-containing raw material is added to the first aluminum alloy liquid and heated and melted to obtain a second aluminum alloy liquid; The magnesium-containing raw material is added to the second aluminum alloy liquid and heated and melted to obtain a three-aluminum alloy liquid; the third aluminum alloy liquid is sequentially subjected to slag removal, refining and casting treatments to obtain the aluminum alloy ingot.
  • aluminum can be provided in the form of aluminum ingots
  • zinc-containing raw materials silicon-containing raw materials, copper-containing raw materials, manganese-containing raw materials
  • Magnesium-containing raw materials, nickel-containing raw materials, strontium-containing raw materials, titanium-containing raw materials and iron-containing raw materials can be provided in the form of elemental or intermediate alloys.
  • the method may include: putting the pure Al ingot and the Al-Si master alloy into a melting furnace and heating until they are all melted, stirring the melt once at an interval of 2 to 3 minutes (a total of about 3 to 5 stirrings) ; Then sequentially add Al-Cu master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Sr master alloy, Al-Ni master alloy and Al-Ti master alloy into the melt until it melts; finally add pure Zn ingot and wait for it to melt , In an inert atmosphere (such as a nitrogen atmosphere), add pure magnesium ingot, and after it melts, stir to make the composition uniform.
  • an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere
  • the method may further include: performing a die-casting forming process on the aluminum alloy ingot, so that the aluminum alloy can be processed into various complex shapes to meet the use requirements of different environments.
  • the die-casting molding meets at least one of the following conditions: a mold temperature of 200-300°C (specifically, 200°C, 220°C, 250°C, 280°C, 300°C, etc.); a soup temperature of 670-720°C (specifically Such as 670°C, 680°C, 690°C, 700°C, 710°C, 720°C, etc.); injection speed 1.9 ⁇ 2.3m/s (specifically 1.9m/s, 2.0m/s, 2.1m/s, 2.2m /s, 2.3m/s, etc.). This condition is more conducive to the forming of aluminum alloy.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy structural member.
  • at least a part of the aluminum alloy structural member is made of the aforementioned aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy structural parts have high mechanical strength, good ductility, and excellent casting formability. They are suitable for structural parts that require high strength, such as 3C product structural parts, automobile load-bearing structural parts, etc.; they can be formed by a simple die-casting process. The use effect is good, the preparation cost is low, and even when the thickness is relatively thin, it still has a better use effect.
  • the aluminum alloy structure includes at least one of a 3C product structure and an automobile load-bearing structure.
  • a 3C product structure can be a mobile phone middle frame, a mobile phone back cover, a mobile phone middle board and other structural parts.
  • the structural member has good mechanical strength, plasticity and die-casting performance, which can well meet users' requirements for high-strength products and improve user experience.
  • Die-casting parameters can be: mold temperature 200 ⁇ 300°C, soup temperature 670-720°C, injection speed 1.9 ⁇ 2.3m/s.
  • Example 1 According to the formula in Table 1, the method of Example 1 obtains aluminum alloy die castings.
  • Example 1 According to the formula in Table 1, the method of Example 1 obtains aluminum alloy die castings.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention greatly improves the mechanical strength (preferably yield strength) of the aluminum alloy while ensuring ductility and casting performance (fluidity), and can take into account both Corrosion resistance, thermal cracking and mold stickiness.
  • the mechanical properties yield strength and tensile strength
  • elongation, fluidity, corrosion resistance, and hot cracking of the aluminum alloy Either the above properties are not good, or one or two of the above properties are good, and the other properties are not good, and the mechanical properties, elongation and fluidity cannot be well balanced.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention is coordinated and synergistic by adjusting the components and proportions, so that the aluminum alloy has better mechanical properties, elongation and fluidity, and is suitable for high-strength requirements. Structure.

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Abstract

一种铝合金，按照质量百分比计，包括：11％～15％的Zn；7.5％～9％的Si；1.2％～2％的Cu；0.3％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.3％的Mg；0.1％～0.2％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.05％～0.3％的Ti；0.01％～0.15％的Fe；和72.51％～79.79％的Al。其具有高强度。

Description

铝合金及其制备方法和铝合金结构件
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2019年12月26日提交的申请号为201911370452.8的中国专利申请的优先权权益，并将其全部引入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及材料技术领域，具体的，涉及铝合金及其制备方法和铝合金结构件。
背景技术
压铸是铝合金基本的成型方法之一，可用于复杂结构件产品设计。压铸铝合金最常用的是由日本工业标准JISH5302规定的Ai-Si-Cu系压铸用合金的ADC12，其材料流动成型性能好、成型工艺窗口大、性价比高，已广泛用于铝合金压铸产品。ADC12具有密度低、比轻度高等优点，可用于压铸壳体、小尺寸薄型产品或支架等，但其压铸的产品强度中等，其抗拉强度为230-250MPa，屈服强度为160-190MPa，延伸率<3％，易导致产品变形等问题，难以满足未来手机、笔记本电脑等产品的强度需求。
因而，压铸铝合金相关技术仍有待改进。
公开内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的一个目的在于提出一种高强度压铸铝合金。
在本公开的一个方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金。根据本公开的实施例，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括：11％～15％的Zn；7.5％～9％的Si；1.2％～2％的Cu；0.3％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.3％的Mg；0.1％～0.2％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.05％～0.3％的Ti；0.01％～0.15％的Fe；和72.51％～79.79％的Al。该铝合金通过控制合金元素的组成及含量，在具有较高的机械强度高的同时，兼具延展性佳、铸造成型性优异等优势，适用于对强度要求高的结构件，如3C产品结构件、汽车承重结构件等。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种制备前面所述的铝合金的方法。根据本公开的实施例，该方法包括：将铝、含锌原料、含硅原料、含铜原料、含锰原料、含镁原料、含镍原料、含锶原料、含钛原料和含铁原料加热融化，得到铝合金液；对所述铝合金液依 次进行除渣、精炼和浇铸处理，得到铝合金锭。该方法操作简单、方便，易于工业化实施，且得到的铝合金兼具机械强度高、延展性佳、铸造成型性优异等优势。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金结构件。根据本公开的实施例，该铝合金结构件的至少一部分是利用前面所述的铝合金构成的。该铝合金结构件具有前面所述的铝合金的全部特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
在本公开的一个方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金。根据本公开的实施例，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括：11％～15％的Zn；7.5％～9％的Si；1.2％～2％的Cu；0.3％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.3％的Mg；0.1％～0.2％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.05％～0.3％的Ti；0.01％～0.15％的Fe；和72.51％～79.79％的Al。该铝合金通过控制合金元素的组成及含量，在具有较高的机械强度高的同时，兼具延展性佳、铸造成型性优异等优势，适用于对强度要求高的结构件，如3C产品结构件、汽车承重结构件等。
具体的，该铝合金中Zn元素的具体含量可以为11％、12％、13％、14％、15％等。Zn元素可以溶入Al中形成固溶体，造成晶格畸变，从而提高铝合金材料的强度。如果Zn含量过多，因Zn的固溶有限，会导致多余的Zn析出，降低合金塑性，并增大合金热裂倾向；如果Zn含量过少，Zn的固溶强化不足，降低合金强度。
具体的，该铝合金中Si元素的具体含量可以为7.5％、8％、9％等。Si元素作为主要力学强化元素，溶入Al中形成α-Al固溶体及Al-Si共晶或亚共晶相，在提高材料力学性能的同时，保证压铸流动性，兼顾批量生产的良率问题。如果Si含量过多，则Al-Si共晶数量会过多，会降低合金塑性；如果Si含量过少，则Al-Si共晶数量会过少，降低合金压铸性能，使合金不具备量产性。
具体的，该铝合金中Cu元素的具体含量可以为1.2％、1.5％、1.8％、2％等。Cu在铝合金中的存在形式主要有两种，一是固溶于铝基体中，起到固溶强化的作用；二是当Cu含量足够多时，除了固溶强化，还有多余的Cu从基体中析出形成弥散的第二相CuAl 2，提高铝合金硬度、强度。如果Cu含量过多，会导致断裂韧性、延伸率降低；如果Cu含量过少，降低合金强度。在上述含量范围内，既能够起到较好的增强作用，又不会导致断裂韧 性、延伸率降低。
具体的，该铝合金中Mn元素的具体含量可以为0.3％、0.4％、0.5％等。Mn可以使铝合金获得较好的强塑性。如果Mn含量过多，会形成大量硬质脆相MnAl 6相，降低合金塑性，并增大合金热裂倾向；如果Mn含量过少，会降低合金的压铸性能。
具体的，该铝合金中Mg元素的具体含量可以为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％等。Mg元素可以对合金起到强化作用，随着Mg含量增多，会导致固液区间增大，流动性会下降，但随着Mg进一步增多，材料合金化程度高，流动性反而上升，但是材料的热裂倾向加大，实际压铸中出现产品开裂等不良缺陷的可能性增大，因此如果Mg含量过多，会降低合金的压铸性能；如果Mg含量过少，则Mg对合金的强化作用有限，降低合金的强度。
具体的，该铝合金中Sr元素的具体含量可以为0.001％、0.01％、0.02％、0.03％、0.04％等。Sr作为变质剂加入到铝合金中，可以细化α-Al固溶体以及针状的Si相，改善铝合金组织，净化晶界，减小合金内电子运动的阻力，从而进一步提升材料的导热性能和力学性能。如果Sr含量过多，导致合金AlZn固溶体粗大，且分布周围的共晶硅相开始明显长大，降低合金塑性与强度；如果Sr含量过少，则Sr对合金的强化作用有限，降低合金的强度。
具体的，该铝合金中Ni元素的具体含量可以为0.1％、0.15％、0.2％等，Ti元素的具体含量可以为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％等。Ni、Ti的加入可以细化第二相，提高铝合金的综合性能。如果Ni和Ti的含量过多，导致共晶硅相晶粒异常长大，降低合金塑性与强度；如果Ni和Ti的含量过少，会降低合金的强度。
具体的，该铝合金中Fe元素的具体含量可以为0.01％、0.10％、0.12％、0.15％等。如果Fe含量过多，过量的Fe将导致铝合金中形成针状或片状Al-Si-Fe相，割裂晶粒，使铝合金的韧性降低，导致产品断裂；如果Fe含量过少，则合金的粘模倾向加大，降低合金的压铸性能。
根据本发明的实施例，所述Cu和Mg的质量比为6:1～30:1(具体如6:1、8:1、10:1、12:1、15:1、18:1、20:1、22:1、25:1、28:1、30:1等)。一些具体实施例中，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括11％～12％(包括端点11％和12％)的Zn，且Cu和Mg的质量比为6:1～10:1(具体如6:1、6.5:1、7:1、7.5:1、8:1、8.5:1、9:1、9.5:1、10:1等)，Ti和Ni的质量比为0.9：1.1～1.1：0.9(具体如0.9:1.1、1:1、1.1:0.9等)。在该含量范围内，全部的Cu可以固溶于铝基体中，Mg和Zn可以形成大量的Al 2Mg 3Zn 3相，此相具有明显的强化效果，通过微量的Ti变质细化Al 2Mg 3Zn 3相，可以得到细小均匀的沉淀强化相，同时微量的Ni且添加量与Ti比例为(0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1)时，可以形成硬质AlNi颗粒，促进形核，铝基体尺寸得到明显细化，铝合金的强度明显提升且延伸率基 本不变。
一些具体实施例中，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括12％～15％(包括端点15％，不包括端点12％)的Zn，且Cu和Mg的质量比为12:1～24:1(具体如12:1、13:1、14:1、15:1、16:1、17:1、18:1、19:1、20:1、21:1、22:1、23:1、24:1等)，Ti和Ni的质量比为1.9：1.1～2.1:0.9(具体如1.9:1.1、2:1、2.1:1、2.1:0.9等)。此时，由于Zn含量超过临界值12％，使得Cu的固溶度急剧减小，小部分Cu固溶于铝基体中，大部分形成CuAl 2，Mg形成Al 2Mg 3Zn 3相，并出现MgZn 2相，由于MgZn 2相呈粗大枝状，影响铝合金延伸率，需添加更多的Ti细化MgZn 2，在合适的添加比例下MgZn 2变质为纤维状，并出现强化相Mg 2Ti，同时剩余的Ti与Ni可以形成硬质AlNi颗粒，促进形核，铝基体尺寸得到明显细化材料的强度得到提升。
一些具体实施例中，本公开的铝合金中Fe和Mn的含量之和大于等于0.45％，具体可以为0.45％～0.6％(如0.45％、0.5％、0.55％、0.6％等)。在该范围内，可以保证铝合金在生产过程中对模具的冲蚀性能优良。
一些具体实施例中，Fe和Mn的质量比可以为1:4～1：10，更具体可以为1:5～1：9，进一步可以为1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9等。此范围内，Fe全部形成Al 6(Fe，Mn)，避免出现Fe的针状相，恶化铝合金塑性。
根据本公开的实施例，该铝合金还包括不可避免的杂质，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述不可避免的杂质中单个元素的含量不大于0.01％，所述不可避免的杂质的总含量不大于0.1％。具体的，由于原料的纯度很难达到100％，且制备过程中也很可能引入杂质，因此铝合金中通常均含有不可避免的杂质(如P、Cr、Zr和Sc等)，在本公开中，铝合金中杂质元素单个元素的含量具体可以为0.01％、0.009％、0.008t％、0.007％、0.006％、0.005％、0.004％、0.003％、0.002％、0.001％等等，而杂质元素的总含量具体可以为0.1％、0.09％、0.08％、0.07％、0.06％、0.05％、0.04％、0.03％、0.02％、0.01％等。具体的，以铝合金中含有Zr、Cr和P三种杂质元素为例，Zr、Cr和P中每一种元素的含量均小于0.01％，而Zr、Cr和P三种元素的含量之和小于0.1％。由此，可以很好的保证铝合金的各项性能满足要求，不会对铝合金产生负面影响。
根据本公开的实施例，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括：11％～13％的Zn；8％～9％的Si；1.2％～1.5％的Cu；0.4％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.2％的Mg；0.1％～0.15％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.1％～0.25％的Ti；0.05％～0.1％的Fe；和72.26％～79.1％的Al。
一些具体实施例中，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金由以下 组分构成：11％～15％的Zn；7.5％～9％的Si；1.2％～2％的Cu；0.3％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.3％的Mg；0.1％～0.2％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.05％～0.3％的Ti；0.01％～0.15％的Fe；和余量的Al。
一些具体实施例中，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金由以下组分构成：11％～13％的Zn；8％～9％的Si；1.2％～1.5％的Cu；0.4％～0.5％的Mn；0.05％～0.2％的Mg；0.1％～0.15％的Ni；0.001％～0.04％的Sr；0.1％～0.25％的Ti；0.05％～0.1％的Fe；和余量的Al。
具有上述组分和配比的铝合金，具有较高的强度，同时兼具良好的塑性、压铸性能和导热性能，适于制备3C产品结构件(例如手机壳体、中框、内部结构件等)、汽车承重结构件等。
根据本公开的实施例，该铝合金满足以下条件的至少一种：屈服强度大于等于240MPa，具体可以为240～300MPa(如240MPa、250MPa、260MPa、270MPa、280MPa、290MPa、300MPa等)；抗拉强度大于等于390MPa，具体可以为390～435MPa(如390MPa、400MPa、410MPa、420MPa、430MPa、435MPa等等)；延伸率大于等于4％，具体可以为4％～7.5％(如4％、4.5％、5％、5.5％、6％、6.5％、7％、7.5％等)；压铸流动性大于等于1700mm，具体可以为1700～1800mm(具体如1700mm、1710mm、1720mm、1730mm、1740mm、1750mm、1760mm、1770mm、1780mm、1790mm、1800mm等)。具体的，该铝合金满足上述任意一个条件、任意两个条件、任意三个条件或者全部四个条件，一些具体实施例中，该铝合金可以满足上述全部四个条件。由此，该铝合金同时具备良好的强度、压铸性能和塑性，可有效用于3C产品结构件、汽车承重结构件等的制造。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种制备前面所述的铝合金的方法。根据本公开的实施例，该方法包括：将铝、含锌原料、含硅原料、含铜原料、含锰原料、含镁原料、含镍原料、含锶原料、含钛原料和含铁原料加热融化，得到铝合金液；对所述铝合金液依次进行除渣、精炼和浇铸处理，得到铝合金锭。该方法操作简单、方便，易于工业化实施，且得到的铝合金兼具机械强度高、延展性佳、铸造成型性优异等优势。
根据本公开的实施例，该方法可以具体包括：将铝和所述含硅原料加热熔化，并加入所述含铜原料、所述含锰原料、所述含锶原料、所述含镍原料和所述含钛原料后加热熔化，得到第一铝合金液；向所述第一铝合金液中加入所述含锌原料并加热融化，得到第二铝合金液；惰性气氛条件下，向所述第二铝合金液中加入所述含镁原料并加热融化，得到三铝合金液；对所述第三铝合金液依次进行除渣、精炼和浇铸处理，得到所述铝合金锭。
根据本公开的实施例，上述各原料的提供形式没有特别限制，可以根据实际需要灵活 选择，例如，铝可以以铝锭形式提供，含锌原料、含硅原料、含铜原料、含锰原料、含镁原料、含镍原料、含锶原料、含钛原料和含铁原料则可以以单质或者中间合金的形式提供。本公开的一些具体实施例中，该方法可以包括：将纯Al锭、Al-Si中间合金放入熔炼炉加热至全部熔化，间隔2～3min搅拌熔体一次(共搅拌约3～5次)；然后依次加入Al-Cu中间合金、Al-Mn中间合金、Al-Sr中间合金、Al-Ni中间合金及Al-Ti中间合金没入熔体中直至熔化；最后加入纯Zn锭，待其熔化后，在惰性气氛(如氮气气氛)下，加入纯镁锭，待其融化后，搅拌，使成分均匀。然后，检测并调整各元素成分含量直至达到要求的范围，再加入0.5wt％除渣剂除渣，0.5wt％精炼剂精炼除气，完成后扒渣静置10～15分钟，然后降温至700℃左右开始浇铸成锭。该方法操作简单、方便，易于工业化实施，且得到的铝合金具有高强度的同时，兼具良好的力学性能和压铸性能。
根据本公开的实施例，该方法还可以包括：将所述铝合金锭进行压铸成型处理，由此可以将铝合金加工成各种复杂形状，满足不同环境的使用要求。具体的，所述压铸成型满足以下条件的至少之一：模温200～300℃(具体如200℃、220℃、250℃、280℃、300℃等)；给汤温度670～720℃(具体如670℃、680℃、690℃、700℃、710℃、720℃等)；压射速度1.9～2.3m/s(具体如1.9m/s、2.0m/s、2.1m/s、2.2m/s、2.3m/s等)。该条件下更利于铝合金的成型。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种铝合金结构件。根据本公开的实施例，该铝合金结构件的至少一部分是利用前面所述的铝合金构成的。该铝合金结构件机械强度高，同时延展性佳、铸造成型性优异，适用于对强度要求高的结构件，如3C产品结构件、汽车承重结构件等；可以通过简单的压铸工艺进行成型，使用效果佳，制备成本低，即使在具有较薄的厚度时，仍然具有较佳的使用效果。
根据本发明的实施例，所述铝合金结构件包括3C产品结构件和汽车承重结构件中的至少一种。具体可以为手机中框、手机后盖、手机中板等结构件。由此，该结构件具有较好的力学强度、塑性和压铸性能，能够很好的满足用户对产品高强度的要求，提高用户体验。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例。
实施例1
按照表1的配方，根据下述熔炼步骤和压铸参数获得铝合金压铸件：
将纯Al锭、Al-Si中间合金放入熔炼炉加热至全部熔化，间隔2～3min搅拌熔体一次(共搅拌约3～5次)；然后依次加入Al-Cu中间合金、Al-Mn中间合金、Al-Sr中间合金、Al-Ni中间合金及Al-Ti中间合金没入熔体中直至熔化；最后加入纯Zn锭，待其熔化后，氮气气氛下加入纯镁锭，待其熔化后，搅拌，使成分均匀。然后，检测并调整各元素成分含量直 至达到要求的范围，再加入0.5wt％除渣剂除渣，0.5wt％精炼剂精炼除气，完成后扒渣静置10～15分钟，然后降温至700℃左右开始浇铸成锭，待铸锭冷却后进行压铸，压铸参数可以为：模温200～300℃，给汤温度670-720℃，压射速度1.9～2.3m/s。
实施例2～33
按照表1的配方，实施例1的方法获得铝合金压铸件。
对比例1～17
按照表1的配方，实施例1的方法获得铝合金压铸件。
表1(单位：wt％)
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000003
性能测试：
1、力学性能测试
本测试用于测定上述实施例与对比例中获得的铝合金在室温下经自然时效10天的力学性能。参照《GB/T 228.1-2010金属材料拉伸试验第一部分：室温试验方法》测试抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率，具体结果见表2。
2、压铸流动性测试
本测试用于测定上述实施例与对比例中获得的铝合金的流动性能。在模温200～300℃、给汤温度670-720℃、压射速度1.9～2.3m/s的条件下采用蚊香模具进行大气压铸，通过所得样件的长度评价其压铸流动性，长度越长表明流动性越好，一般来讲，流动性需大于ADC12流动性的95％才具有压铸薄壁件的可行性(最常见的商用压铸铝合金ADC12流动性1750)。具体结果见表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020081382-appb-000006
通过上述实施例和对比例的结果对比可知，本发明的铝合金在保证延展性、铸造性能(流动性)的同时，极大的提高了铝合金的机械强度(优选屈服强度)，同时可以兼顾耐蚀性、热裂性和粘模性。根据对比例1-17可知，如果各组分的含量不在本公开的保护范围之内，则铝合金的力学性能(屈服强度和抗拉强度)、延伸率、流动性、耐蚀性、热裂性和粘模性无法兼顾，要么上述性能均不好，要么上述某一个或某两个性能好，另外的性能不佳，无法很好地平衡力学性能、延伸率和流动性。综上可知，本发明的铝合金通过各组分和配比的调整，使其相互配合、协同作用，使得铝合金同时具有较佳的力学性能延伸率和流动性，适用于对强度要求高的结构件。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种铝合金，其特征在于，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括：
    11％～15％的Zn；
    7.5％～9％的Si；
    1.2％～2％的Cu；
    0.3％～0.5％的Mn；
    0.05％～0.3％的Mg；
    0.1％～0.2％的Ni；
    0.001％～0.04％的Sr；
    0.05％～0.3％的Ti；
    0.01％～0.15％的Fe；和
    72.51％～79.79％的Al。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金，其特征在于，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括：
    11％～13％的Zn；
    8％～9％的Si；
    1.2％～1.5％的Cu；
    0.4％～0.5％的Mn；
    0.05％～0.2％的Mg；
    0.1％～0.15％的Ni；
    0.001％～0.04％的Sr；
    0.1％～0.25％的Ti；
    0.05％～0.1％的Fe；和
    72.26％～79.1％的Al。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述Cu和Mg的质量比为6:1～30:1。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括11％～12％的Zn，且Cu和Mg的质量比为6:1～ 10:1，Ti和Ni的质量比为0.9：1.1～1.1：0.9。
  5. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述铝合金包括12％～15％的Zn，且Cu和Mg的质量比为12:1～24:1，Ti和Ni的质量比为1.9：1.1～2.1:0.9。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，满足以下条件的至少一种：
    Fe和Mn的含量之和大于等于0.45％；
    Fe和Mn的质量比为1:4～1：10。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，满足以下条件的至少一种：
    Fe和Mn的含量之和为0.45％～0.6％；
    Fe和Mn的质量比为1:5～1：9。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，还包括不可避免的杂质，基于所述铝合金的总质量，按照质量百分比计，所述不可避免的杂质中单个元素的含量不大于0.01％，所述不可避免的杂质的总含量不大于0.1％。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，满足以下条件的至少一种：
    屈服强度大于或等于240MPa；
    抗拉强度大于或等于390MPa；
    延伸率大于或等于4％；
    压铸流动性大于等于1700mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，满足以下条件的至少一种：
    屈服强度为240～300MPa；
    抗拉强度为390～435MPa；
    延伸率为4～7.5％；
    压铸流动性为1700～1800mm。
  11. 一种制备权利要求1～10中任一项所述的铝合金的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将铝、含锌原料、含硅原料、含铜原料、含锰原料、含镁原料、含镍原料、含锶原料、含钛原料和含铁原料加热融化，得到铝合金液；
    对所述铝合金液依次进行除渣、精炼和浇铸处理，得到铝合金锭。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将铝和所述含硅原料加热熔化，并加入所述含铜原料、所述含锰原料、所述含锶原料、所述含镍原料和所述含钛原料后加热熔化，得到第一铝合金液；
    向所述第一铝合金液中加入所述含锌原料并加热融化，得到第二铝合金液；
    惰性气氛条件下，向所述第二铝合金液中加入所述含镁原料并加热融化，得到第三铝合金液；
    对所述第三铝合金液依次进行除渣、精炼和浇铸处理，得到所述铝合金锭。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将所述铝合金锭进行压铸成型处理。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压铸成型满足以下条件的至少之一：
    模温200～300℃；
    给汤温度670～720℃；
    压射速度1.9～2.3m/s。
  15. 一种铝合金结构件，其特征在于，所述铝合金结构件的至少一部分是利用权利要求1～10中任一项所述的铝合金构成的。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的铝合金结构件，其特征在于，所述铝合金结构件包括3C产品结构件和汽车承重结构件中的至少一种。
PCT/CN2020/081382 2019-12-26 2020-03-26 铝合金及其制备方法和铝合金结构件 WO2021128619A1 (zh)

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