WO2021120567A1 - 联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置 - Google Patents

联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置 Download PDF

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WO2021120567A1
WO2021120567A1 PCT/CN2020/097447 CN2020097447W WO2021120567A1 WO 2021120567 A1 WO2021120567 A1 WO 2021120567A1 CN 2020097447 W CN2020097447 W CN 2020097447W WO 2021120567 A1 WO2021120567 A1 WO 2021120567A1
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layer
ratio
negative poisson
honeycomb
collision device
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PCT/CN2020/097447
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张春巍
郜殿伟
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青岛理工大学
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anti-collision device combining a chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and a honeycomb structure, belonging to the technical field of impact protection devices
  • the negative Poisson's ratio structure As a lightweight porous structure, the negative Poisson's ratio structure has the characteristics of lateral expansion or contraction when subjected to longitudinal tensile and compressive loads. This unconventional deformation mode makes it useful in the field of anti-blast and impact resistance of building structures. unique advantage. When a negative Poisson's ratio structure encounters an impact load (such as a collision or explosion caused by a vehicle or a ship), the increase in material density caused by the "shrinkage" of the material near the impact area will greatly improve the impact resistance of the structure ( Compared with a single material of the same quality), the local depression of the structure caused by collision or explosion is reduced. In addition, the negative Poisson's ratio structure also has higher fracture toughness, shear strength and energy dissipation capacity.
  • the present invention proposes an anti-collision device that combines a chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and a honeycomb structure, which organically combines the chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and the honeycomb structure, and is lightweight and attractive. It has the advantages of good performance, resistance to continuous impact and easy repair.
  • the anti-collision device of the combined chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and honeycomb structure of the present invention includes an anti-collision device.
  • the anti-collision device is provided with a rigid inner cushion, a chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer, and a rigid middle cushion from the inside to the outside.
  • Layer, honeycomb layer and rigid skin The chiral negative Poisson’s ratio layer is a chiral negative Poisson’s ratio structure arranged in the in-plane direction.
  • the honeycomb layer is a honeycomb structure arranged in the out-of-plane direction. Both the cushion layer and the rigid skin are fixedly connected to the adjacent layer.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer is composed of ring-shaped nodes and six sets of ribs tangent to them, and all nodes have the same radius, and all ribs have the same length.
  • the honeycomb layer adopts an assembled structure, wherein a wedge-shaped groove is reserved on the rigid middle cushion layer, the honeycomb layer of the wedge-shaped structure is placed in the wedge-shaped groove, and the honeycomb layers in adjacent wedge-shaped grooves are closely connected to form a circular ring structure .
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer with a slightly lower strength will work first.
  • the ribs undergo plastic buckling deformation and fail, and then further deformation of the nodes will fail;
  • the impact energy is absorbed by the honeycomb layer.
  • the failure mode of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer is the plastic deformation of the ribs and nodes at the same time.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer can protect against collision under the impact force. The characteristics of the lower peak stress of the device.
  • the rigid skin is made into a ring node shape, a concave shape or a cone shape.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio layer and the honeycomb layer are both light-weight porous structures, floating on the sea surface and freely adjusting the anti-collision height according to the water level.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer and the honeycomb layer select unused base materials, relative density values, geometric or material gradients, and volume percentages of the entire anti-collision device according to actual conditions to control the failure mode of the entire anti-collision device And anti-collision parameters.
  • the inner pores of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer and the honeycomb layer are filled with soft materials for improving their energy absorption and impact resistance.
  • the outer surface of the rigid skin is sprayed with an anti-corrosion material.
  • the use process of the present invention is as follows: the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer arranged along the in-plane direction is relatively weak: (1) When the collision energy is small, the inner chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer takes the lead in deformation absorption Part of the energy, the ribs first buckle and fail to produce a negative Poisson's ratio effect; (2) When the collision energy continues to increase, the goal of this anti-collision device is to sacrifice both the outer honeycomb layer and the inner chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer to absorb The collision energy, at this time, the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer generates a relatively small peak stress relative to the honeycomb layer to protect the protected structure.
  • the cone-shaped rigid skin shape can also be used in the anti-icing device of marine engineering structures
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure with low stress peak is used as the innermost protective material to further protect the safety of the building structure in the event of a severe collision;
  • the modular assembly method of the honeycomb structure is convenient for installation and replacement.
  • Figure 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the second structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer.
  • Figure 4 is a cell diagram of a chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembled honeycomb structure.
  • the anti-collision device of the combined chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and honeycomb structure of the present invention is a multi-layer composite structure, which is mainly used for the protection of key components of engineering structures, such as the anti-ice of the structure of the offshore platform and the impact of ships Bridge piers and highway guardrails, such as ship and vehicle collision protection, and the more common geotechnical protective structures, vehicle armor, explosion-proof blankets, and smart wear also have good effects.
  • the anti-collision device of the present invention combining a chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and a honeycomb structure is placed on the outer surface of the key structure to be protected, and includes five layers from the inside to the outside, namely: rigid Inner layer 1, chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer
  • the rigid inner cushion layer 1 and the rigid middle cushion layer 3 are connected with other layers through adhesives, which mainly play the role of excessive connection; the rigid skin 5, through spraying anticorrosive materials on the outer surface, mainly plays a role in slowing down or preventing The role of corrosion.
  • the effects of collision protection are: the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 and the honeycomb layer 4, both of which play the role of energy absorption.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 has a multi-layered porous structure.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 arranged in the in-plane direction is relatively weak in rigidity: the anti-collision device, when a slight collision occurs, the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 with a slightly lower strength will work first, and the rib 22 will occur first.
  • Plastic buckling deformation fails, and further deformation failure of node 21 occurs; when a severe collision event is encountered, the impact energy is absorbed by the honeycomb layer 4, and the failure mode of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 is that the rib 22 and the node 21 occur simultaneously Plastic deformation, the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 has a lower stress peak under the action of strong impact force to protect the impacted structure.
  • the intervention timing of the negative Poisson's ratio structure energy absorption layer and the honeycomb structure layer changes with the change of the collision energy, so that the reusability of the anti-collision device is realized.
  • the unit structure of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 used in the present invention is shown in Figure 4.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 consists of a ring-shaped node 21 and six sets of ribs 22 tangent to it. All nodes The radii of 21 are equal, and the lengths of all ribs 22 are also equal.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 in Fig. 3 is formed by the unit structure of Fig. 4 extending around each other in sequence.
  • the rib 22 when subjected to external pressure, the rib 22 is wound around the node 21, causing a negative Poisson effect of the structure.
  • the honeycomb layer 4 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, has a multi-layer porous structure.
  • the honeycomb layer 4 arranged in the out-of-plane direction is relatively rigid: when there is a large collision energy, its plastic deformation is used to absorb energy.
  • the honeycomb layer 4 adopts an assembled structure.
  • the honeycomb structure is arranged along its out-of-plane direction to resist external impact loads, and is bonded with the rigid middle cushion layer 3 and the outermost rigid skin 5 through an adhesive.
  • the assembly method is modularized.
  • a wedge-shaped groove is reserved in advance on the rigid middle cushion layer 3, and then the honeycomb layer 4 with a wedge-shaped structure is placed.
  • the honeycomb layers 4 in adjacent wedge-shaped grooves are closely connected to form a ring structure.
  • the impact load is large enough to cause the "rigid" skin to fail prematurely and lose its functionality. Excessively thick skin violates the structural optimization concept of "lightweight energy absorption".
  • a honeycomb layer 4 is added between the negative Poisson's ratio layer and the rigid skin 5. The honeycomb layer 4 neither reduces the rigidity of the skin nor violates the structural optimization concept of the Poisson's ratio layer of "light weight and energy absorption", achieving unexpected effects.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio layer and the honeycomb layer 4 are both light-weight porous structures, they are placed in seawater to realize the floatability of the anti-collision device, and the anti-collision height can be adjusted freely according to the water level.
  • the anti-collision device of the combined chiral negative Poisson's ratio structure and honeycomb structure of the present invention has various structures.
  • the anti-collision device can be made into a ring shape, a concave shape, or even a cone shape.
  • the anti-collision device is made into a ring shape and can be used to prevent collisions between bridge piers and offshore platforms and ships, as well as collisions between roadside building pillars and vehicles.
  • the ring-shaped anti-collision device is also the most common structure, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the anti-collision device is made into a concave or conical shape, as shown in Figure 2, which mainly means that the outermost rigid skin 5 can be made into a concave or conical shape, which can be used for marine engineering structures to resist ice and prevent collisions.
  • the middle anti-collision device moves up and down.
  • the parameters of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 and the honeycomb layer 4 of the present invention are selected according to actual conditions.
  • the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 and the honeycomb layer 4 can be selected according to the actual situation with different matrix materials, relative density values, geometric or material gradients, and the volume percentage of the entire anti-collision device, so as to control the failure mode and the failure mode of the entire anti-collision device.
  • Anti-collision parameters Give full play to the characteristics of light energy absorption of porous materials and the good impact resistance performance of negative Poisson's ratio structure. Compared with traditional anti-collision devices, it has the advantages of light weight, good energy absorption, resistance to continuous impact and easy repair.
  • the outermost rigid skin 5 can also be made of composite materials, and the outer surface of the rigid skin used in a highly corrosive environment can be sprayed with anti-corrosion materials.
  • the internal pores of the chiral negative Poisson's ratio layer 2 and the honeycomb layer 4 can be filled with a soft material with energy absorption and impact resistance, such as polyurethane foam.
  • the invention can be widely used in the occasions of impact protection devices, especially in the field of safety protection of land and ocean building structures.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，属于冲击防护装置技术领域。本发明包括防撞装置，防撞装置由内向外设置有刚性内垫层、手性负泊松比层、刚性中垫层、蜂窝层和刚性蒙皮，手性负泊松比层为沿平面内方向布置的手性负泊松比结构，蜂窝层为沿平面外方向布置的蜂窝结构，刚性内垫层、刚性中垫层和刚性蒙皮均与相邻层固定连接，用于高腐蚀性环境的刚性蒙皮外表面可喷涂防腐材料。本发明充分发挥多孔材料轻质吸能的特点，以及负泊松比结构良好的碰撞抵抗性能，与传统防撞装置相比，具有轻质、吸能好、可抵御连续冲击和易修复的优点，可广泛运用于陆地和海洋建筑结构安全防护领域。

Description

联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，属于冲击防护装置技术领域
背景技术
作为一种轻质多孔结构，负泊松比结构在承受纵向拉、压荷载作用时具有横向膨胀或收缩的特点，这种反常规的变形模式使其在建筑结构的抗爆、抗冲击领域有独特的优势。在负泊松比结构遭遇冲击荷载(比如由车辆或船舶的碰撞、爆炸引起)作用时，由于冲击区域附近材料的“收缩”而引起的材料密度的提高，将大大提高结构的抗冲击性能(与同等质量的单一材料相比)，减小碰撞或爆炸引起的结构的局部凹陷。此外，负泊松比结构还具有较高的断裂韧性、剪切强度和耗能能力等。在应用负泊松比结构于大曲率环境时，不会如传统蜂窝结构一样产生马鞍式变形。因此，近看来随着材料制备工艺以及3D打印技术的不断发展，关于负泊松比材料在土工防护结构、车辆装甲、防爆毯和智能穿戴等领域的研究和应用都有了长足的发展。
当应用负泊松比结构作为冲击防护装置吸能层时，由于其刚度相对较低而往往以夹层板式的结构形式出现。但是，当冲击荷载足够大时，会导致“刚性”蒙皮过早的失效而丧失其功能性，而过厚的蒙皮又违背了“轻质吸能”的结构优化理念。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷，本发明提出了一种联合手性负泊松比结 构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，将手性负泊松比结构和蜂窝结构有机结合，具有轻质、吸能好、可抵御连续冲击和易修复的优点。
本发明所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，包括防撞装置，防撞装置由内向外设置有刚性内垫层、手性负泊松比层、刚性中垫层、蜂窝层和刚性蒙皮，手性负泊松比层为沿平面内方向布置的手性负泊松比结构，蜂窝层为沿平面外方向布置的蜂窝结构，刚性内垫层、刚性中垫层和刚性蒙皮均与相邻层固定连接。
优选地，所述手性负泊松比层由圆环式的节点及与其相切的六组肋条组成，所有节点的半径均相等，所有肋条的长度也均相等。
优选地，所述蜂窝层采用装配式结构，其中，刚性中垫层上预留楔形槽，楔形结构的蜂窝层放置至楔形槽内，相邻楔形槽内的蜂窝层紧密相连而形成圆环结构。
优选地，所述防撞装置，当轻度碰撞发生时，强度略低的手性负泊松比层先发挥作用，先是肋条发生塑性屈曲变形失效，再进一步发生节点的变形失效；当遭遇重度碰撞事件时，碰撞能由蜂窝层参与吸收，手性负泊松比层的失效模式为肋条和节点同时发生的塑性变形，手性负泊松比层在冲击力作用下具有起到保护防撞装置作用的较低应力峰值的特点。
优选地，所述刚性蒙皮制作成环节点形、内凹形或圆锥形。
优选地，所述负泊松比层和蜂窝层都为轻质多孔结构，漂浮于海面上并随水位自由调整防撞高度。
优选地，所述手性负泊松比层和蜂窝层根据实际情况选用不用的基体材料、相对密度值、几何或材料梯度以及占整个防撞装置的体积百分比，控制 整个防撞装置的失效模式和防撞参数。
优选地，所述手性负泊松比层和蜂窝层的内部孔隙中填充用于提高其吸能、抗冲击能力的软材。
优选地，作为海洋工程防撞装置时，所述刚性蒙皮外表面喷涂防腐材料。
本发明的使用过程如下所示：沿平面内方向布置的手性负泊松比层刚度相对较弱：(1)当碰撞能较小时，里层的手性负泊松比层率先发生变形吸收一部分能量，其肋先屈曲失效而产生负泊松比效应；(2)当碰撞能继续增大，此防撞装置的目标是同时牺牲外部蜂窝层和内部的手性负泊松比层来吸收碰撞能，此时，手性负泊松比层相对蜂窝层产生相对小的峰值应力起到保护被防护结构的作用。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)充分发挥多孔材料轻质吸能的特点，以及负泊松比结构良好的碰撞抵抗性能，与传统防撞装置相比，具有轻质、吸能好、可抵御连续冲击和易修复的优点，实现海洋结构防撞装置的可漂浮性，可随水位自由调整防撞高度；
(2)圆锥体式的刚性蒙皮外形也可用于海洋工程结构的抗冰装置；
(3)碰撞发生时，手性负泊松比层与蜂窝层的介入时机随着碰撞能大小的变化而变化，实现防撞装置的可重复利用性；
(4)低应力峰值的手性负泊松比结构作为最内层的防护材料，起到在剧烈碰撞发生时进一步保护建筑结构安全性的目的；
(5)蜂窝结构的模块化装配方式，便于安装和更换。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图之一。
图2是本发明的结构示意图之二。
图3是手性负泊松比层的结构示意图。
图4是手性负泊松比层的单元图。
图5是装配式蜂窝结构示意图。
附图标记
图中：1、刚性内垫层；2、手性负泊松比层；21、节点；22、肋条；3、刚性中垫层；4、蜂窝层；5、刚性蒙皮。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
本发明所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，为多层复合式结构，主要用于工程结构物的关键部件防护，例如海洋平台结构的抗冰、船撞击，桥墩和公路护栏等的防船、车碰撞防护，另外比较常见的土工防护结构、车辆装甲、防爆毯和智能穿戴等领域也有较好的效果。
如图1所示，本发明所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装 置，其置于被防护关键结构的外表面，由内向外依次包括五层，分别是：刚性内垫层1、手性负泊松比层
2、刚性中垫层3、蜂窝层4和刚性蒙皮5。其中，刚性内垫层1和刚性中垫层3，通过粘结剂与其他各层实现连接，主要起到连接过度作用；刚性蒙皮5，通过在外表面喷涂防腐材料，主要起到减缓或者防止腐蚀的作用。
本发明中，起到碰撞防护作用的是：手性负泊松比层2和蜂窝层4，两者起到了吸能的作用。
其中，手性负泊松比层2，如图3所示，其为多层的孔状结构。沿平面内方向布置的手性负泊松比层2刚度相对较弱：防撞装置，当轻度碰撞发生时，强度略低的手性负泊松比层2先发挥作用，先是肋条22发生塑性屈曲变形失效，再进一步发生节点21的变形失效；当遭遇重度碰撞事件时，碰撞能由蜂窝层4参与吸收，手性负泊松比层2的失效模式为肋条22和节点21同时发生的塑性变形，手性负泊松比层2在强冲击力作用下具有较低的应力峰值起到保护被撞结构的作用。
碰撞发生时，负泊松比结构吸能层与蜂窝结构层的介入时机随着碰撞能大小的变化而变化，实现防撞装置的可重复利用性。
本发明采用的手性负泊松比层2的单元结构，如图4所示，手性负泊松比层2由圆环式的节点21及与其相切的六组肋条22组成，所有节点21的半径均相等，所有肋条22的长度也均相等。
图3中的手性负泊松比层2，由图4的单元结构依次相四周扩展形成。图4的单元结构，在受到外部压力作用时，肋22缠绕于节点21，引起结构的负泊松效应。
其中，蜂窝层4，如图1和图2所示，其为多层的孔状结构。沿平面外方向布置的蜂窝层4刚度相对大：在有较大的碰撞能产生时利用其塑性变形来吸能。
实施例2：
如图5所示，蜂窝层4采用的是装配式结构。蜂窝结构沿其出平面方向布置来抵抗外部碰撞荷载，与刚性中垫层3和最外层刚性蒙皮5通过粘结剂粘结在一起。为避免其在大曲率成型下的“马鞍效应”，并实现其易安装和易更换的目标，采用模块化的方式进行装配。在刚性中垫层3上事先预留出楔形槽，然后再放置楔形结构的蜂窝层4。相邻楔形槽内的蜂窝层4紧密相连而形成环状结构。
需要说明的是：如果单纯只采用负泊松比层作为冲击防护装置吸能层，由于其刚度相对较低，冲击荷载足够大会导致“刚性”蒙皮过早的失效而丧失其功能性，而过厚的蒙皮又违背了“轻质吸能”的结构优化理念。为了平衡蒙皮的“刚性”和厚度，在负泊松比层和刚性蒙皮5之间增加蜂窝层4。蜂窝层4既不会降低蒙皮的刚性，又不会违背负泊松比层“轻质吸能”的结构优化理念，实现了意想不到的效果。
需要说明的是：由于负泊松比层和蜂窝层4都为轻质多孔结构，其放置在海水中，可以实现防撞装置的可漂浮性，可随水位自由调整防撞高度。
实施例3：
本发明的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其结构是多种多样的。
防撞装置可以制作成环形、内凹形，甚至圆锥形。防撞装置制作成环形， 可以用于防护桥墩和海洋平台与船舶之间的碰撞，以及道路旁建筑立柱与车辆之间的碰撞。环形的防撞装置也是最常见的结构，如图1所示。防撞装置制作成内凹形或圆锥形，如图2所示，主要是指最外层刚性蒙皮5可以制作成内凹形或圆锥形，可以用于海洋工程结构抗冰并防止在碰撞中防撞装置上、下滑移。
实施例4：
本发明的手性负泊松比层2和蜂窝层4，其参数根据实际情况进行选择。
手性负泊松比层2和蜂窝层4可以根据实际情况选用不用的基体材料、相对密度值、几何或材料梯度以及占整个防撞装置的体积百分比，以便控制整个防撞装置的失效模式和防撞参数。充分发挥多孔材料轻质吸能的特点，以及负泊松比结构良好的碰撞抵抗性能，与传统防撞装置相比，具有轻质、吸能好、可抵御连续冲击和易修复的优点。另外，最外层刚性蒙皮5也可以采用复合材料，用于高腐蚀性环境的刚性蒙皮外表面可喷涂防腐材料。
此外，为了提高强度和吸能能力，在手性负泊松比层2和蜂窝层4的内部孔隙中，可以填充吸能、抗冲击能力的软材，例如聚氨酯泡沫。
本发明可广泛运用于冲击防护装置场合，尤其是陆地和海洋建筑结构安全防护领域。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出 的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，包括防撞装置，其特征在于，防撞装置由内向外设置有刚性内垫层(1)、手性负泊松比层(2)、刚性中垫层(3)、蜂窝层(4)和刚性蒙皮(5)，手性负泊松比层(2)为沿平面内方向布置的手性负泊松比结构，蜂窝层(4)为沿平面外方向布置的蜂窝结构，刚性内垫层(1)、刚性中垫层(3)和刚性蒙皮(5)均与相邻层固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述手性负泊松比层(2)由圆环式的节点(21)及与其相切的六组肋条(22)组成，所有节点(21)的半径均相等，所有肋条(22)的长度也均相等。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述蜂窝层(4)采用装配式结构，其中，刚性中垫层(3)上预留楔形槽，楔形结构的蜂窝层(4)放置至楔形槽内，相邻楔形槽内的蜂窝层(4)紧密相连而形成圆环结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述防撞装置，当轻度碰撞发生时，强度略低的手性负泊松比层(2)先发挥作用，先是肋条(22)发生塑性屈曲变形失效，再进一步发生节点(21)的变形失效；当遭遇重度碰撞事件时，碰撞能由蜂窝层(4)和手性负泊松比层(2)共同参与吸收，手性负泊松比层(2)的失效模式为肋条(22)和节点(21)同时发生的塑性变形，手性负泊松比层(2)在冲击力作用下具有较低应力峰值的特点，进一步保护防撞装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述刚性蒙皮(5)制作成环节点形、内凹形或圆锥形。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置， 其特征在于，所述负泊松比层和蜂窝层(4)都为轻质多孔结构，漂浮于海面上并随水位自由调整防撞高度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述手性负泊松比层(2)和蜂窝层(4)根据实际情况选用不用的基体材料、相对密度值、几何或材料梯度以及占整个防撞装置的体积百分比，控制整个防撞装置的失效模式和防撞参数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述手性负泊松比层(2)和蜂窝层(4)的内部孔隙中填充用于以提高其吸能、抗冲击能力的软材。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的联合手性负泊松比结构与蜂窝结构的防撞装置，其特征在于，所述刚性蒙皮(5)外表面可喷涂以用于强腐蚀环境的防腐材料。
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