WO2021113944A1 - Application de broyeur autogène dans un procédé de séparation de matériaux recyclables présents dans des lampes à del - Google Patents

Application de broyeur autogène dans un procédé de séparation de matériaux recyclables présents dans des lampes à del Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021113944A1
WO2021113944A1 PCT/BR2020/050545 BR2020050545W WO2021113944A1 WO 2021113944 A1 WO2021113944 A1 WO 2021113944A1 BR 2020050545 W BR2020050545 W BR 2020050545W WO 2021113944 A1 WO2021113944 A1 WO 2021113944A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led lamps
recyclable materials
separation
mill
autogenous mill
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2020/050545
Other languages
English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Sandra LUCIA DE MORAES
Dafne PEREIRA DA SILVA
Original Assignee
Instituto De Pesquisas Tecnológicas Do Estado De São Paulo S.A - Ipt
Tramppo Comercio E Reciclagem De Produtos Industriais - Ltda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Instituto De Pesquisas Tecnológicas Do Estado De São Paulo S.A - Ipt, Tramppo Comercio E Reciclagem De Produtos Industriais - Ltda filed Critical Instituto De Pesquisas Tecnológicas Do Estado De São Paulo S.A - Ipt
Publication of WO2021113944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021113944A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/52—Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
    • B03C1/22—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with non-movable magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the present invention belonging to the material recovery sector of discharge valves or lamps, aims to develop a physical process of preparation and separation of components present in LED lamps, aiming at the recycling of materials and the proper disposal of residues, as well as the devices that make up the recovery unit, based on the application of an autogenous mill (11).
  • LED development can be divided into three generations, each of which is characterized by distinct advances in manufacturing technology and equipment; development of new phosphorus-based materials; and advances in heat dissipation packaging technologies. Over time, LEDs are becoming brighter and color variation has become more flexible.
  • This type of lamp has specific characteristics that differentiate it from products that have been on the market for a longer time, featuring a wide variety of models. It is envisaged that the participation of LED lamps in the market is exponential, especially considering the normative and legislative effort in Brazil to encourage the use of more efficient and sustainable technologies in the lighting sector.
  • the structure of an LED lamp consists of the presence of the LED array, the printed circuit board (PCB) and its electrical components, of the external structure, heat sink, possibly a secondary optic, among others.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the components of an LED lamp.
  • LED-based compact lighting products usually involves the housing, which is made of glass or plastic (6), the heat sink (2), which can be ceramic or aluminum, the printed circuit board - PCI (9) with the electrical components, and the LED matrix (4), as shown in Figure 2.
  • the composition of LED lamps is as varied as their types.
  • the LED itself it is possible to find rare earth metals such as, for example, Cerium, Europium, Yttrium and Aluminum Grenade, Lutetium Grenade and Aluminum and Gadolinium and Aluminum Garnet; metals such as Gallium, Tin, Nickel, Titanium, and Germanium; and precious metals such as Gold and Silver.
  • the LED array (4) present in the lamps is composed of several light-emitting diodes that are semiconductor diodes.
  • the color of light emitted by LEDs depends on the chemical components present, so-called rare earth phosphates and other metals.
  • MECHANICAL SEPARATION OF VARIOUS MATERIALS/SUBSTANCES FROM DISPOSED FLUORESCENT LIGHT TUBES AND SIMILAR LAMPS BEING CRUSHED refers to a method and system for mechanical separation of materials from discarded fluorescent light tubes that are being broken.
  • the system comprises an actuated exhaust air system. by fan, designed for air transport and separation of material fragments and which is supplied with air from three separation towers (8, 8', 8''). fluorescent light to a first separation tower where larger fragments of material are separated, while smaller fragments and particles of material leave the tower along with the outgoing air.A screen divides the thick fraction of the tower into glass fragments and metal fragments.
  • the metal fragments from the screen are made to pass through a metal crusher which is connected to a second separation tower A magnetic separator (14) s and for the magnetic material of a carrier for glass fragments and metal fragments. From the conveyor, the glass fragments are made to pass through a glass crusher that is connected to a third separation tower.
  • the glass fragments are transported through a cup to a waste container.
  • a cyclone with downstream filters separates the fluorescent dust from the exhaust air.
  • BODIES CONTAINING POLLUTANTS DOWN INTO RECYCLABLE COMPONENTS consists of a process to break closed glass bodies containing pollutants, such as cathode ray tubes or gas discharge lamps, into recyclable components, in which the glass bodies are separated by types of glass, and the screen and glass cone of cathode ray tubes and other components, especially metallic and ceramic, and the materials considered pollutants are removed for further processing; the complete glass bodies being broken into pieces the size of a hand. Thereafter, at least the proportion of pollutants released or dissolved in the breaking of glass bodies is separated from the broken glass and other components, and magnetic metals are separated; opaque substances such as ceramics, earthenware, stone and/or porcelain are separated and the various types of glass are separated into suitable devices.
  • pollutants such as cathode ray tubes or gas discharge lamps
  • WASTE TREATMENT DEVICE INCLUDING SAME refers to a municipal solid waste treatment device comprising: a shredding unit that shreds municipal solid waste and selectively pulverizes organic matter; a sorting unit to sort and sort municipal solid waste discharged from the crushing unit; a reaction unit for the biodrying of classified and selected municipal solid waste; a return unit that returns dry municipal solid waste to the crushing unit in order to increase the selectivity rate; and a recycling unit to recycle organic matter and remaining fuels.
  • the crushing unit is a rotary drum type crusher to naturally and selectively pulverize only organic matter without using force, thus allowing high purity selection with minimal energy consumption, and the crushing unit adjusts a content of one age using the organic matter dries in the reaction unit at the rear, whereby greater selection efficiency can be obtained.
  • the reaction unit at the rear is a bio-drying device to carry out a drying process in a short time without using external drying energy.
  • the purpose of the invention was the development of a physical process route for the preparation and separation of the components present in the LED lamps, aiming at the recycling of materials and the proper disposal of waste, that is, a technology capable of dismantling LED lamps without an excessive reduction in the particle size of the components, in order to provide a better yield in the separation of materials for recycling and mitigation of impacts related to the disposal of this waste, its inventive activity being the use of autogenous grinding, as well as sieving after grinding the material in economic sizes for recycling and mitigating the impacts of waste disposal based on grinding by an autogenous mill.
  • the grinding process consists of the autogenous grinding type, that is, equipment that differs from falling load mills by presenting the mill diameter greater than its length, in a Diameter/Width ratio between 1.5 and 3.0 .
  • autogenous mills are differentiated in that they do not make use of grinding bodies, that is, the material to be shredded itself acts as a grinding body, and its geometry is dimensioned in such a way as to offer sufficient fall height to the material for its fragmentation to occur. , which makes the use of this type of mill restricted to the fragmentation of fragile materials, understanding, therefore, the autogenous milling as the fragmentation of a material from the material itself.
  • a cylindrical drum with fins can be used, increasing its efficiency.
  • the next unitary operation is the sieving of the material obtained, which is carried out in a vibrating sieve composed of separation decks, each of which has a material discharge outlet.
  • Source adapted from UNITED STATES, 2016
  • FIG. 3A Schematic drawing without scale in superior perspective showing the process components.
  • Figure 3B Schematic drawing without scale in perspective showing the support structure of the milling and separation plant.
  • Figure 4 Schematic drawing without scale of the side view of the milling and separation plant.
  • FIG. 5 Schematic drawing without scale of the top view of the milling and separation plant.
  • Figure 7 Schematic drawing in vertical section of an autogenous mill (11), showing its feed (11.2), outlet (11.3) and optional grid (11.4).
  • Source Adapted from Gupta and Yan, 2016.
  • FIG 8 Schematic drawing showing the process flowchart, showing the feed silo (12), the sieves (13) and the magnetic separators (14)
  • the process starts by feeding through a feeder (12) of the autogenous mill (11), preferably an autogenous mill disassembles (11) with internal fins (11.1), which takes place through the center of the mill (11.2), as well as the discharge of the product (11.3), optionally using grids (11.4) in its output to retain the larger particles, considering that the size, spacing and shape of the grid mesh are important, as they affect the rate of output and product particle size (Fig. 7).
  • a feeder (12) of the autogenous mill (11) preferably an autogenous mill disassembles (11) with internal fins (11.1), which takes place through the center of the mill (11.2), as well as the discharge of the product (11.3), optionally using grids (11.4) in its output to retain the larger particles, considering that the size, spacing and shape of the grid mesh are important, as they affect the rate of output and product particle size (Fig. 7).
  • the operating speeds of autogenous mills (11) are much higher than the conventional ones and are in the range of 70% to 85% of the critical speed, as the critical speed influences the behavior of the load within the mill (11), since at high speeds the probability of concentrating the material on the walls is greater.
  • the presence and size of the fins (11.1) can favor the comminution process, so that they help in the transport of particles, resulting in their free fall and high impact intensity.
  • the mass efficiency of the fragmentation stage of the lamps has its best results in the processing times of 25 minutes for the tests with 12, 6, and 2 fins (11), with efficiency values between 58% and 60%, and the results of energy consumption (kWh) do not present significant differences in relation to the variation in the amount of fins (11.1) existing in the drum, proving to be related to the grinding time; therefore, the preferred operation should be with 25 minutes of processing in mills (11) with at least 2 fins (11.1). Tests performed with mills (11) with no fins (11.1), at all times tested, had the worst results, with material production in the range between 44 mm and 12 mm in the order of 3.5% to 4%.
  • 3 - Vibrating sieve (13) composed of at least 3 decks with 44.4 mm, 16.0 mm and 4.74 mm meshes; and preferably at an angle to the ground of 10°;
  • the other conveyor belts (15) are horizontal and above them are installed the metal extractors (magnetic separators) (14) 5 -
  • the scrap extractors (magnetic separators) (14) are suspended by a metallic structure above the mats (15);
  • the materials obtained at the end of the process are unloaded and transported to the final destination, preferably by trolleys with wheels to facilitate handling.
  • Incineration was considered as a route of comparison, as it is a production chain to be developed and which will certainly be included in the current sector agreement for conventional lamps, it was appropriate to use more likely modeling criteria from the point of from the standpoint of environmental governance, that is, incineration is the least harmful practice for this type of waste, and from an economic point of view, it is the one that would give more return since, due to its high energy content (mainly plastics) it can be used for energy recovery or energy cogeneration.
  • companies that currently operate in Brazilian reverse logistics for conventional lamps do not use landfills to dispose of these materials.
  • the set of LED lamps analyzed can be classified as Class I - Hazardous waste, that is, it can pose a risk to the environment if managed inappropriately.
  • Table Cl 2 presents the results in relation to the quantity and disposition of the fins (11.1), as well as the grinding time.
  • Table Cl 3 Retained mass and percentage of magnetic material in the fractions after material sieving.
  • GASSMANN A. ZIMMERMANN, J.; GAUB, R.; STAUBER, R.;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une voie de procédé physique de préparation et de séparation des composants présents dans les lampes à DEL, en vue du recyclage de matériaux et de l'utilisation appropriée de déchets. Le procédé consistant en un broyage réalisé dans des broyeurs autogènes de diamètre supérieur à sa longueur, avec un rapport diamètre/largeur compris entre 1,4 et 3,0, des ailettes augmentant son efficacité. L'opération unitaire suivante est le tamisage du matériau obtenu, réalisé au moyen d'un tamis vibratoire constitué de plans de séparation, dont chacun présente une sortie d'évacuation de matériau, les matériaux évacués tombant sur des courroies transporteuses, la fraction dépassant 44,4 mm étant réacheminée vers le broyeur autogène, des extracteurs de métaux pour séparation des matériaux magnétiques étant installés sur les autres courroies transporteuses. Les matériaux obtenus, désormais séparés, sont déchargés sur des chariots qui les transportent jusqu'à leur destination finale.
PCT/BR2020/050545 2019-12-13 2020-12-14 Application de broyeur autogène dans un procédé de séparation de matériaux recyclables présents dans des lampes à del WO2021113944A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR102019026715-1A BR102019026715A2 (pt) 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Aplicação de moinho autógeno em processo de separação de materiais recicláveis presentes em lâmpadas led
BRBR1020190267151 2019-12-13

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WO2021113944A1 true WO2021113944A1 (fr) 2021-06-17

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5246174A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-09-21 Falcon United Ltd. Apparatus for recycling glass
BR9204043A (pt) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-12 Apliquim Equipamentos E Produt Metodo para descontaminacao e reciclagem de vidro de lampadas fluorescentes
US5884854A (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-03-23 Mrt System Ab Method and system for mechanical separation of various materials/substances from disposed fluorescent light tubes and similar lamps being crushed
US20150174586A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-25 Vecoplan Ag Comminuting device including a rotary current asynchronous motor and a non-positive traction drive and method for its operation
WO2019101633A1 (fr) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Creteer Mijndert Cornelis Ernst Ralf Procédé de séparation de revêtement à partir de déchets de verre revêtus et appareil approprié à cet effet

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5246174A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-09-21 Falcon United Ltd. Apparatus for recycling glass
BR9204043A (pt) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-12 Apliquim Equipamentos E Produt Metodo para descontaminacao e reciclagem de vidro de lampadas fluorescentes
US5884854A (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-03-23 Mrt System Ab Method and system for mechanical separation of various materials/substances from disposed fluorescent light tubes and similar lamps being crushed
US20150174586A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-25 Vecoplan Ag Comminuting device including a rotary current asynchronous motor and a non-positive traction drive and method for its operation
WO2019101633A1 (fr) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Creteer Mijndert Cornelis Ernst Ralf Procédé de séparation de revêtement à partir de déchets de verre revêtus et appareil approprié à cet effet

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