WO2021105416A1 - Dispositif pour un véhicule destiné à communiquer avec un appareil mobile - Google Patents

Dispositif pour un véhicule destiné à communiquer avec un appareil mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021105416A1
WO2021105416A1 PCT/EP2020/083715 EP2020083715W WO2021105416A1 WO 2021105416 A1 WO2021105416 A1 WO 2021105416A1 EP 2020083715 W EP2020083715 W EP 2020083715W WO 2021105416 A1 WO2021105416 A1 WO 2021105416A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication
vehicle
communication means
filter
order
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/083715
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Berthold Sieg
Original Assignee
Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to EP20816928.4A priority Critical patent/EP4066383A1/fr
Priority to CN202080074115.9A priority patent/CN114631263A/zh
Publication of WO2021105416A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021105416A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/43—Antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/72—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
    • H03K2217/960765—Details of shielding arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
    • H03K2217/96078—Sensor being a wire or a strip, e.g. used in automobile door handles or bumpers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for a vehicle for communication with a mobile device.
  • the invention also relates to a door handle and a use of the device.
  • activation actions of a user can be used in vehicles in order to activate functions of the vehicle.
  • Such an activation act can, for. B. be the approach of a Fland to the door handle of the vehicle in order to unlock and / or lock the vehicle.
  • activation actions also trigger authentication with a mobile device such as an identification transmitter.
  • the authentication is usually made possible by wireless communication between the vehicle and the mobile device.
  • the cause of these interfering influences can be electromagnetic immissions (i.e. EMC interference), e.g. B. caused by radio transmitters outside the vehicle.
  • the object is achieved in particular by a device for a vehicle for communication with a mobile device, in particular in order to activate a function of the vehicle as a function of the communication.
  • the device according to the invention can have at least one of the following components: a, in particular electrically conductive, communication means, a, in particular electronic, processing arrangement for sending and / or
  • Communication means to provide communication through the communication signal, at least one connection for sending and / or receiving the communication signal which electrically connects the processing arrangement to the communication means.
  • the processing arrangement can carry out the transmission and / or reception of the communication signal via the communication means.
  • the processing arrangement can send the communication signal to the communication means and / or receive it from the communication means.
  • the communication signal can e.g. B. output via the at least one connection by the processing arrangement for sending to the communication means and for receiving from the
  • the communication signal can also be embodied as an electrical signal such as an electrical voltage or an electrical current with a specific communication frequency.
  • the output of the communication signal can have the effect that an electric and / or magnetic field is created on the communication means.
  • the (received) communication signal can also be influenced by the mobile device for communication and, in particular, modulated in order to transmit information such as authentication data via the communication.
  • processing arrangement for sending and / or receiving the communication signal electrically with the
  • the filter arrangement can, for. B. be provided between the at least one connection and the communication means - in particular integrated in at least one electrical transmission path.
  • the filter arrangement can therefore be connected in terms of circuitry between the processing arrangement and the communication means.
  • the filter arrangement can have at least one flochpass arrangement and at least one lowpass arrangement.
  • the at least one flochpass arrangement and the at least one lowpass arrangement can form at least one bandpass filter in order to at least reduce, ie in particular attenuate, frequencies outside a frequency range which is provided for the communication signal for the communication. This can increase the reliability of what is received.
  • the low-pass and / or floch-pass arrangement each has at least one RC or LC element.
  • the filter arrangement has at least or precisely one RC filter and / or at least or precisely one LC filter and / or a bandpass and / or a Wien filter.
  • the filter arrangement can provide a bandpass filter through the RC filter and / or LC filter, that is to say, for example, through the interconnection of the RC and / or LC filters.
  • the filter arrangement can be designed as a bandpass filter, preferably an RC and / or LC filter, preferably as a Wien filter.
  • the filter arrangement can have at least one floch-pass arrangement (in particular an LC or RC filter of the first order) and at least one low-pass arrangement (in particular as an LC or RC filter of the first order).
  • the floch pass and low pass arrangements can be put together in pairs to form the band pass filter, in particular an LC and / or RC filter of the 2nd order.
  • This bandpass filter in particular the Wien filter, can be provided symmetrically in the filter arrangement.
  • RC elements are understood to mean, in particular, a circuit that has an ohmic resistor (R - engl resistor) and a capacitor (C - engl capacitor).
  • LC elements are accordingly understood to mean a circuit which has a coil or inductance and a capacitor.
  • the LC filter accordingly has at least one LC element and the RC filter has at least one RC element.
  • the frequency range that is provided for the communication signal and / or for the communication can have at least one communication frequency, and can also be referred to below as the communication frequency range.
  • a communication frequency for the near field communication for. B. 13.56 MFIz can be provided.
  • a means for resistive damping in particular an electrical damping resistor, is electrically connected to the communication means in addition to the at least one connection.
  • the resistive attenuation can denote the attenuation by the means in the form of an attenuator, and thus in particular the attenuation of an amplitude of signals which differ with regard to their frequency from at least one communication frequency that is provided for the communication signal.
  • resistive damping can mean that damping is brought about by the electrical resistance of the agent.
  • the communication means is designed as an antenna for near-field communication, preferably an NFC loop antenna, so that the communication is implemented as near-field communication.
  • This has the advantage that reliable and secure communication is possible in the vicinity of the device.
  • this communication can be used to exchange authentication information between the mobile device and a security system of the vehicle, in particular to determine by checking this authentication information by the vehicle (authentication) that the mobile device is authorized to trigger the function of the vehicle.
  • the near-field communication ensures that communication is only possible within a maximum distance from the vehicle.
  • the communication means is thus advantageously suitable for providing or carrying out near-field communication such as NFC (near field communication) or RFID (radio-frequency identification).
  • the means of communication is e.g. B. as an antenna, in particular NFC antenna, which can be provided at least partially on some or all of the layers of a circuit board of the device according to the invention.
  • the parts of the communication means on the different layers can be electrically connected to one another by means of plated-through holes in order to provide a loop (e.g. NFC loop) overall on several of the layers.
  • the communication means thus enables the device according to the invention to provide a communication function.
  • the communication means can be designed as a conductor track and in particular run on the outer edge of the circuit board or layer.
  • the communication means is designed to be essentially geometrically symmetrical, in particular in the form of a loop.
  • the geometrical symmetry already causes a reduction of disturbances on the communication, since in particular partial vibrations on the communication means can be reduced.
  • slight deviations from an exact symmetry are harmless for the symmetrical design, the deviations z. B. inevitably off production-related circumstances and / or due to the arrangement in different layers and / or the arrangement with further components on the circuit board.
  • the means for resistive damping has the electrical connection to the communication means at a connection point of the communication means, the connection point being on an axis of symmetry of the communication means.
  • the communication means can be designed symmetrically. An axis of symmetry is thus provided.
  • the symmetry can e.g. B. be designed as an axis symmetry, so that the communication means is mapped geometrically by the vertical axis reflection on its axis of symmetry on itself.
  • a virtual ground can be located at the connection point on the axis of symmetry.
  • the described connection at the connection point has the advantage that the resistive attenuation and thus the attenuation of interference on the communication can be provided particularly reliably. A slight deviation of the connection from this connection point is of course harmless.
  • the means for providing the resistive damping has an electrical resistance, in particular as an attenuator to attenuate those signals on the communication means whose frequency deviates from at least one communication frequency, wherein the at least one communication frequency can be provided for the communication signal, and in particular 13.56 MHz.
  • the at least one communication frequency can define a communication frequency range.
  • the communication frequency range can also lie in a pass band for a bandpass filter of a filter arrangement of the device according to the invention.
  • the weakening of the signals with frequencies outside this communication frequency range can reduce the impact of disruptive immissions on the means of communication.
  • the electrical resistance can be designed as a low resistance, e.g. B. in the range of 50 to 100 ohms. Functionally, the resistive damping by the resistance can cause that even when the position of the virtual ground on the communication means changes, due to the disturbing radiation, the disturbing vibrations caused thereby are dampened.
  • disturbing irradiation on the means of communication in particular disturbing immissions, z. B. electromagnetic fields in the sense of (EMC, so electromagnetic compatibility) immissions, stimulate parasitic oscillating circuits of the communication medium.
  • vibrations that is to say interference signals
  • the harmonic oscillations can be oscillations whose frequencies are an integral multiple of the communication frequency. It is also conceivable that the filter arrangement can already weaken the non-harmonic oscillations, but the Flarmonic oscillations not or only insufficiently.
  • the processing arrangement can thus continue to be sensitive to interference with the harmonic oscillations.
  • the use of the means for resistive damping, in particular as a damping resistor is therefore advantageous in order to further dampen the harmonic oscillations.
  • the means for resistive damping has the electrical connection with the communication means at a connection point of the communication means, the connection point being designed as a central point of the communication means, preferably essentially at a position of half a length and / or a geometric position Center of the means of communication. This has the advantage that a virtual ground point can be provided at this point, at which for the
  • the means at the connection point can provide an actual ground in order to derive in particular interfering signals from the communication means.
  • connection point is provided substantially at a position of a virtual ground of the communication means.
  • the virtual Ground can be defined by a tap at this connection point with a connection to ground, ideally (i.e. with an ideal antenna and / or when there is no interfering signals and / or no disturbing immissions and / or no signals outside the communication frequency on the communication medium) Sending and / or receiving no current flows.
  • interference signals can be attenuated by the means in the case of non-ideal operation.
  • the means at the connection point can provide an actual ground in order to derive in particular interfering signals from the communication means.
  • the means for resistive damping connects the communication means, in particular directly, to an electrical ground in order to provide damping of a parasitic resonant circuit of the communication means. This can increase the reliability of the communication.
  • the means for resistive damping is designed in the form of an electrical, in particular ohmic, resistor. It is also possible that the resistor is provided as the only electrical component between the connection point on the communication means and ground in order to enable a technically simple structure.
  • the means for resistive damping is integrated as the only component in a current path between the communication means and an electrical ground, and is thus preferably connected in a series circuit with the connection point on the communication means and ground.
  • the means for resistive damping is electrically connected at such a position on the communication means that electrical signals on the communication means that differ in frequency from a frequency range of the communication signal are attenuated via the means and / or diverted to an electrical ground become.
  • These electrical signals can be viewed as interference signals because they differ from the communication signal.
  • Finding the position (i.e. the connection point) on the means of communication can, for. B. be done in that the position for the agent is varied while a measurement of the Interfering signals occurs.
  • the connection point can be selected at the minimum of the measured course of the interference signals.
  • the interfering signals can, for. B. generated by an external radio transmitter which z. B. emits radio signals in the desired interference range (e.g. at twice or 3 times or 4 times the communication frequency).
  • the processing arrangement is designed to carry out the sending and / or receiving to provide the communication in the manner of a near-field communication, and preferably has an NFC receiver electronics to evaluate the communication signal for the reception, wherein preferably a communication frequency of the received communication signal differs from a frequency of at least one parasitic resonant circuit of the communication means.
  • the means for resistive damping can thus be designed to reduce precisely these frequencies of the parasitic resonant circuits.
  • the parasitic resonant circuits can be caused by the antenna design and therefore cannot be avoided from the outset.
  • the NFC receiver electronics can have at least one integrated circuit and / or a microcontroller and / or a processor.
  • the NFC receiver electronics can also be designed as a single component, which is also provided, for example, in the form of an NFC driver module.
  • the at least one connection has at least two or exactly two connections for receiving the communication signal
  • the processing arrangement can be designed to carry out the receiving and in particular also the transmission symmetrically, so that the received communication signal is preferably symmetrically sent to the there are at least two or exactly two connections.
  • the connections can be designed as connections of the processing arrangement and thus serve as an input for the communication signal.
  • the NFC receiver electronics are suitable for symmetrical control of the communication means.
  • the symmetrical control can be understood to mean a symmetrical reception and / or a symmetrical transmission of the communication signal, in particular with a symmetrical signal transmission of the communication signal to the connections of the processing arrangement. Disturbances can thus be further reduced.
  • a multi-layer circuit board is provided, the communication means being arranged on the layers of the circuit board, and extending over all of the layers, in particular (essentially) at a distance from at least one ground and / or sensor - And / or shielding element, extends.
  • the communication with the mobile device can be provided outside the vehicle, and in particular a magnetic coupling (in particular to the ground) can be kept constant due to the constant distance.
  • the ground element can extend as an electrically conductive surface or conductor track on at least or precisely one of the layers, and preferably have an electrical ground (that is, an electrical ground potential).
  • the constant distance to the ground element can denote the distance of the communication means in lateral directions to the outer edge of the ground element.
  • the communication means can be designed to carry out an authentication via the communication, triggered by a detection of an activation action in a detection area of the sensor element, and to activate the function of the vehicle, in particular an unlocking and / or locking of the vehicle, preferably depending on the authentication .
  • the communication means and the sensor element and / or the shielding element and / or the ground element can be electrically connected to the same processing device of the device according to the invention.
  • the device is designed as a sensor and communication device in order to detect an activation action in at least one detection area in addition to providing communication, with preferably at least one electrically conductive sensor element for capacitive detection in the detection area is provided, wherein the sensor element can be electrically connected to a processing device in order to detect the activation action by the processing device on the basis of the detection.
  • Flierzu evaluates the processing device z. B. on the basis of charge transfers from a change in a capacitance, which is provided by the sensor element.
  • an (electronic) processing device is arranged on the circuit board and is electrically connected to the sensor element for charge transfers in order to evaluate a variable electrical capacitance based on the charge transfers in particular and thereby to control the capacitive detection.
  • the capacitive acquisition and / or detection can take place in that the processing device determines the variable capacitance.
  • the variable electrical capacitance is provided in particular by the sensor element and is specific to a change in the detection area. This capacitive detection can thus lead to the detection of the activation action.
  • the processing device can be connected to at least one further (second) sensor element of the device according to the invention in order to carry out and evaluate charge transfers for the capacitive detection here as well.
  • the processing device can also control the shielding elements, e.g. B. also by charge transfers.
  • the device can have a multilayer printed circuit board on which at least one - in particular electrically conductive - sensor element for capacitive detection in the detection area is arranged.
  • the sensor element can be suitable for capacitive detection in that it can provide an electric field (with appropriate electrical control) and / or that it has a variable capacitance in relation to the surroundings of the vehicle and / or in cooperation with an electrical ground or counter electrode of the vehicle which depends on the environment.
  • the electrical control of the sensor element can be done by a processing device (such as a microcontroller, integrated circuit or the like) of the device according to the invention, for. B. by repeated charge transfers. It can also be provided that the detection by the sensor element takes place or is controlled alternately with the communication by the communication means.
  • the device according to the invention as a sensor and communication device, it is possible for the device and, in particular, a circuit board of the device to have a plurality of electronic components which both serve for detection in at least one detection area as well as for communication, in particular near-field communication.
  • a compact and individually manageable module can be provided by the device that comfortably several functions z. B. can provide for a door handle.
  • the communication can specifically relate to radio communication or wireless communication, so that corresponding communication fields (electrical and / or magnetic fields) arise here. Therefore, the different fields for sensor detection and communication can also interfere with each other, so that further measures such as reliable shielding can then be useful.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed to provide at least one of the following functions:
  • a detection of at least one activation action such as an approach and / or touch and / or gesture and / or tactile actuation by a user
  • radio communication such as near-field communication
  • a mobile device such as an ID transmitter and / or smartphone and / or the like, preferably for authentication
  • a vehicle function in particular a safety-relevant vehicle function such as unlocking and / or locking, or a movement of a movable part of the vehicle, such as a flap, as a function of the detection.
  • the vehicle function can then be activated, for example by an electrical signal output from the device, when the detection has been carried out positively, that is to say, for example, the approach and / or touch and / or actuation and / or gesture has been detected.
  • the mobile device can be designed separately from the vehicle and, for example, be suitable for being carried by a person (for example in a pocket).
  • the detection of a (first) activation action can also serve to activate a (first) function of the vehicle as a function of the detection. It can also be provided that at least one second activation action is detected in order to to activate at least one (second or further) function of the vehicle, the functions then differing from one another.
  • the activatable (first and / or at least second) function of the vehicle is z.
  • a movable part of the vehicle in particular a front, patch or side flap (such as a side door or a trunk lid) of the vehicle, the movement preferably being carried out in a motorized manner,
  • the first and at least second functions can also be different of the functions mentioned. So it is z. B. possible that the detection of the first activation action triggers the activation of a different function of the vehicle than the detection of the second activation action.
  • the detection of an approach to a first outer side of the door handle can trigger the locking and the detection of an approach to a second outer side of the door handle can trigger the unlocking.
  • the second outside can face a door handle recess and the first outside can face away from the door handle recess (or vice versa). This enables convenient and simple operation of the functions for a user of the vehicle.
  • the at least one sensor element can also comprise at least two sensor elements, which are then each designed for capacitive detection in their own detection area.
  • a second sensor element or further sensor elements can thus also be provided.
  • the respective sensor element can, for example, be designed as a sensor electrode.
  • the sensor elements for capacitive detection can be designed in different detection areas, with the detection areas also being able to be of different sizes.
  • the first sensor element can detect z. B. carry out the detection in a second detection area on the second outside of the door handle in a first detection area on the first outside and the second sensor element.
  • the different sensor elements can also be designed to detect different activation actions in order to activate different ones of the functions.
  • At least two shielding elements are provided for shielding for a capacitive detection of at least one sensor element, wherein the shielding elements can be arranged on different layers of a circuit board of the device according to the invention, with one of the shielding elements preferably being the sensor element on a first layer , in particular predominantly or completely, surrounds in order to provide the shielding in different directions.
  • at least two shielding elements can thus be provided for shielding the detection.
  • the multi-layer design of the circuit board has the further advantage that the shielding elements can be arranged on several layers and thus enable a three-dimensional arrangement of the shielding elements.
  • the shield can thus be adapted particularly flexibly to the detection area and the structure of the sensor element.
  • the specific three-dimensional design of the shielding elements on the circuit board also enables the shielding to be set in such a way that the different directions in which the shielding is to take place are determined.
  • the shielding can thus also be produced three-dimensionally by the shielding elements, and according to a particular advantage, it can be pot-shaped. In this way, the shielding can bring about a limitation of the capacitive detection to the detection area in a particularly reliable manner.
  • the shielding elements can optionally be arranged on the printed circuit board in such a way that a geometrical adaptation and, in particular, adaptation of the shielding to the detection area of the sensor element takes place.
  • the geometric shape of the shield is at least partially matched to the geometric shape of the detection area and / or at least partially corresponds to it.
  • the shielding can be provided by the shielding elements for the first sensor element, but optionally also additionally for at least one further sensor element of the device according to the invention. If the detection areas of the sensor elements differ, the associated shields for the different sensor elements also differ accordingly. Separate shielding elements can be provided on the circuit board for each of these different shields. It can also be provided that at least one of the shielding elements is used to generate the shielding for more than one of the sensor elements.
  • the shielding element on the first layer is also referred to below as a first shielding element for easier assignment, it also being possible for a second shielding element to be provided on the second layer and / or a third shielding element on the third layer and / or a fourth shielding element on the fourth layer .
  • the shielding elements can be electrically connected to one another across layers and thus form a single shielding device.
  • the respective shielding element is provided in particular in the form of an electrically conductive surface and / or conductor track, and the electrical connection of the shielding elements is provided in particular as a plated through hole.
  • the sensor element and / or the shielding element and / or the (electrical) ground on the circuit board is formed by conductor tracks and / or surfaces.
  • These elements can e.g. B. have a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm.
  • a multi-layer printed circuit board (so-called “multilayer printed circuit board”) can also have the benefit of increasing the packing density and / or generating electrical and / or magnetic fields can be improved.
  • the use of several layers can be used to align the fields for the sensors and / or shielding and / or for communication can be simplified.
  • the individual layers of the circuit board can also be referred to as layers.
  • the multi-layer circuit board can have at least or exactly 4 layers which are firmly connected to one another.
  • an (electronic) processing device is electrically connected to the shielding elements in order to operate the (or at least one of the) shielding elements to provide an active shield ("Active Shield"), in which an electrical potential of the ( or the) shielding element (s) is set as a function of an electrical potential of the sensor element.
  • Active Shield an active shield
  • the processing device can thus be designed to actively set the electrical potential of the shielding elements.
  • the electrical potential of the shielding elements can, for. B. be set according to the electrical potential of the sensor element.
  • the communication means is arranged at a substantially constant distance (in lateral directions) to an electrical ground on the circuit board.
  • the mass is z. B. provided as a conductor track and / or a conductor surface.
  • at least one outer edge of the mass can have a course parallel to the communication means (seen in a plan view in the axial direction).
  • the mass can run on one layer, whereas the communication means can also run over several layers of the circuit board. Even if part of the communication means and the ground are in different positions, the distance from one another can still be maintained.
  • the distance relates to the distance in the lateral directions, that is only in one plane, which are defined by these directions.
  • the distance (in the axial direction) due to the arrangement of the mass and the partial communication means on different positions can be disregarded here.
  • the layers of the circuit board are z. B. arranged or glued one above the other in the axial direction.
  • the processing arrangement for receiving the communication signal is electrically connected to the communication means via a filter arrangement.
  • the filter arrangement can thus be interconnected between the communication means and the processing arrangement in order to filter the received communication signal (before an evaluation by the processing arrangement).
  • the filter arrangement can preferably have a floch-pass arrangement and a low-pass arrangement in order to form a band-pass filter in order to at least reduce frequencies outside a frequency range of the communication signal for the communication.
  • the filter arrangement can be integrated into an electrical transmission path for transmitting the communication signal from the communication means to the processing arrangement.
  • two transmission paths can accordingly also be provided, one for each of the connections of the processing arrangement.
  • the filter arrangement can bring about an additional reduction in disruptive oscillations before they can impair the evaluation of the communication signal by the processing arrangement during reception.
  • the filter arrangement has a Wien filter as the bandpass filter.
  • Wien filter can have a steeper bandpass curve than other conventionally used filters, and thus effects an improved filtering out of the interference.
  • a Wien filter is generally known, for example also from the construction of a Wien-Robinson bridge or a Wien-bridge sine oscillator.
  • the Vienna filter is disclosed as a Vienna bandpass (or Vienna Robinson bandpass), for example, in the literature “Taschenbuch der Elektrotechnik”, Kories, Verlag Harri Deutsch, 3rd edition, 1998. It can be a cascade of a low-pass filter and a floch-pass filter, which can have the same cut-off frequency.
  • the bandpass filter is provided as a first bandpass filter, and a second bandpass filter is symmetrical to the first bandpass filter is formed, wherein the bandpass filter can be electrically connected to different of the connections in order to filter the, in particular symmetrically, received communication signal symmetrically at the connections.
  • a bandpass filter can be provided for each of the transmission paths, and for this purpose it can be integrated in the respective transmission path.
  • the bandpass filters can be of the same design, e.g. B. each as a Vienna filter.
  • the device according to the invention be suitable for being mounted on a vehicle part of the vehicle, preferably in order to create the detection area and / or to carry out the communication in the area of this vehicle part.
  • the vehicle part is z. B. an inventive door handle in which the device is received, or a door or flap or a bumper or a door sill of the vehicle.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed as an individually manageable module which can be mounted as a single component on the vehicle and / or vehicle part.
  • the device can have positioning means, such as recesses or geometric adaptations, which enable it to be clearly attached to the vehicle.
  • the positioning means can simultaneously or alternatively be designed as fastening means such as latching elements or clips or adhesives.
  • the device can be mounted on a part of the vehicle such as a door and / or a door handle and / or a patch flap and / or a front flap.
  • the fastening can be carried out using the fastening means and the positioning can be carried out using the positioning means.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be integrated into a door handle of the vehicle, preferably an outer door handle of the vehicle.
  • the device can thus be designed to carry out the communication and / or the detection in the area of the door handle.
  • the device can be mounted for integration in the door handle in order to be mounted in this way on the vehicle via the door handle, in particular on a door of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle is designed as a motor vehicle, preferably a passenger vehicle, in particular as a hybrid vehicle or as an electric vehicle, preferably with a high-voltage electrical system and / or an electric motor and / or an internal combustion engine.
  • the vehicle can also be possible for the vehicle to be designed as a fuel cell vehicle and / or a semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle.
  • the vehicle has a security system which, for. B. through communication with a mobile device such as an identification transmitter (ID transmitter, electronic key) or smartphone enables authentication.
  • a mobile device such as an identification transmitter (ID transmitter, electronic key) or smartphone enables authentication.
  • the function can be a safety-relevant function, such as unlocking the vehicle or enabling an engine start.
  • the security system can thus also be designed as a passive access system which, without active manual actuation of the mobile device, initiates the authentication and / or the activation of the function when the approach of the mobile device to the vehicle is detected.
  • a wake-up signal is repeatedly sent out by the security system, which can be received by the mobile device when it approaches and then triggers the authentication.
  • the approach can also be recognized by the fact that the activation action is detected by a device according to the invention.
  • the function can also relate to activation of vehicle lighting and / or actuation (opening and / or closing) of a flap (e.g. front or rear or side flap or door).
  • the vehicle lighting is automatically activated when the approach is detected and / or the flap is actuated when a gesture by a user is detected.
  • a first sensor element for capacitive detection can be provided in a first detection area on a circuit board of the device according to the invention. It can further be provided that a second sensor element for capacitive detection is arranged in a second detection area on the circuit board, the second detection area differing from the first detection area.
  • the respective sensor element can be designed as a capacitive sensor, so that the Detection is based on the fact that a capacitance made available by the sensor element changes.
  • the individual sensor element can be understood as an electrode which forms the variable capacitance in relation to the surroundings of the vehicle.
  • a discrete counter-electrode does not necessarily have to be provided for this purpose. It can e.g. B.
  • an electrical ground potential of the vehicle can be viewed as a counter electrode in order to form an imaginary capacitor with the variable capacitance.
  • a first activation action in the first detection area then causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitance which is provided by the first sensor element.
  • a second activation action in the second detection area accordingly causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitance which is provided by the second sensor element.
  • the second sensor element can be designed at least partially congruent with the first sensor element.
  • the second sensor element and the first sensor element (offset from one another) can be arranged on different layers of the circuit board.
  • the sensor elements can be positioned offset with respect to one another (in the lateral direction) on (within) the respective layer. The offset positioning thus denotes a different positioning of the sensor elements within the plane of the respective position, so that the sensor elements do not overlap.
  • the sensor elements are thus designed to be congruent per se, but are not congruent on top of one another. In this way, an influence of the first activation action on the detection of the second sensor element (and / or vice versa) can be at least reduced.
  • the processing device can be arranged in an area, in particular on the first layer, of the printed circuit board which extends opposite an electrical ground plane, in particular on the second layer. It is thus provided that the processing device is shielded from at least one detection area by the ground plane in order to further improve the detection and / or to cause interference in the processing device.
  • the communication means is arranged on the layers of the printed circuit board, and preferably extends over at least 2 or at least 4 or all of the layers and / or (laterally) spaced from the sensor and / or shielding element in order to ensure communication as provide near field communication with a mobile device.
  • the near field communication can be provided with the mobile device outside the vehicle.
  • the vehicle part can be designed as an outside door handle.
  • the mobile device is designed as a smartphone, which then only has to be held against the device or the outer door handle for authentication in order to enable near-field communication.
  • the door handle can also be designed as an inside door handle so that the near field communication is carried out in the interior of the vehicle.
  • the communication means is used, in particular triggered by the (successful) detection of the activation action, to carry out the authentication via the near-field communication.
  • a processing device and / or a control unit of the vehicle recognizes that the detection was successful and triggers the authentication via the communication means.
  • the function of the vehicle in particular unlocking and / or locking the vehicle, can be activated.
  • a user carries the mobile device with him when he carries out the activation action. Through the activation action, the user makes it clear that he wants to activate the function of the vehicle.
  • the function can be a security-relevant function that requires the user to be authenticated via the mobile device.
  • the detection of the activation action by the device according to the invention can trigger the authentication process, which is then also provided by the device by means of communication, in particular near-field communication.
  • the processing device and / or the control unit of the vehicle can then also recognize the successful authentication and only then activate the function of the vehicle.
  • the processing device and / or the control unit of the vehicle can control a processing arrangement of the device such as an NFC circuit. Provision can be made for a processing arrangement and / or a processing device to be provided in the device according to the invention, which individually or together for evaluating the acquisition and / or for detecting the activation action and / or for receiving and / or sending during communication - in particular Near field communication - serve.
  • the processing arrangement and the processing device can be designed as separate microcontrollers or integrated circuits (IC).
  • the processing device can be used dedicatedly for detection and the processing arrangement can be used for near-field communication. It is also possible for the processing arrangement and the processing device to be designed together as an IC.
  • the processing arrangement is part of the processing device, e.g. B. a microcontroller or IC.
  • the processing arrangement and / or the processing device can have an interface to further vehicle electronics, in particular a control device.
  • the processing device can output a signal to the vehicle electronics, which indicates that the detection has taken place successfully. The receipt of this signal can in turn trigger the authentication, which the vehicle electronics then initiate via a further interface with the processing arrangement.
  • the invention also relates to a door handle for a vehicle which has a device according to the invention as the vehicle part.
  • the door handle according to the invention thus has the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a device according to the invention.
  • a use of a device according to the invention in particular for a vehicle for communication with a mobile device, is also protected. It may be possible here for the mobile device to be provided outside of the vehicle in order to activate a function of the vehicle via the communication.
  • the use according to the invention thus brings the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a device according to the invention. Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle with a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side sectional view of a door handle with a device according to the invention of the vehicle in FIG. 1, which corresponds in perspective to a top view of the vehicle,
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged side view of the device according to the invention in FIG.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 schematic sectional views of different positions of the device according to the invention in FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • a vehicle 1 is shown with a door handle 5 according to the invention.
  • the door handle 5 can in this case form a vehicle part 5 which has a device 10 according to the invention.
  • the door handle 5 is attached to a door 2 of the vehicle 1 in order to open the door 2 by a manual opening process.
  • a user can reach into a door handle recess 7 shown in FIG. 2 and pull on the door handle 5.
  • the intervention in the door handle recess 7 can be detected as an activation action in order to authenticate and - with successful authentication - to activate the unlocking function of vehicle 1.
  • a lock can be activated as a further function of the vehicle 1 if the approach into a detection area 51 is detected as an activation action.
  • these are only examples of functions and activation actions.
  • the function of the vehicle 1 z. B. the opening process itself, which is carried out automatically.
  • a device 10 according to the invention is arranged in the spot or front area, so that the function is the opening process of a flap 6 of the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 1 The side view of the vehicle 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the mutually orthogonal directions x and y being indicated.
  • a perspective top view of the vehicle 1 is used in accordance with the specified mutually orthogonal directions x and z.
  • the representation in Figure 2 (and also in Figure 3) corresponds in perspective to a side view of the door handle 5 or the device 10 according to the invention and the layers 21, 22, 23, 24.
  • Figures 4 to 7 sectional views of the device 10, which result in perspective from a top view of the device 10 and thus again correspond to the side view of the vehicle 1 in FIG.
  • the geometrical relationships discussed in the context of this invention e.g.
  • This top view can be defined as a view in the axial direction z, which is orthogonal to the longest extension of the layers 21, 22, 23, 24 or to the lateral directions x and y.
  • the door handle 5 has the device 10 according to the invention, which is used to detect an activation action in a detection area 51, and in particular via the door handle 5 for mounting on the door 5.
  • the device 10 can be used to activate a function of the vehicle 1 as a function of the detection.
  • the device 10 can have a multilayer printed circuit board 20, shown in further detail in FIG. 3, on which at least one electrically conductive sensor element 31 is used capacitive detection in the detection area 51 is arranged on a first layer 21 of the circuit board 20.
  • the detection area 51 can be designed as a first detection area 51, which extends outside the vehicle 1 in the area of a first outside of the door handle 5.
  • a second detection area 52 can also extend in the area of the door handle recess 7 or a second outside of the door handle 5. The second outside can face the door handle recess 7 and the first outside can face away from the door handle recess 7 (see FIG. 2).
  • the sensor element 31 - as a first sensor element 31 - for capacitive detection in the detection area 51 - as a first detection area 51 - is provided on the circuit board 20.
  • a second sensor element 32 of the device 10 can also be provided on a fourth layer 24, which also carries out a capacitive detection in the second detection area 52.
  • the respective sensor element 31, 32 can be designed as a capacitive sensor, so that the detection is based on the fact that a capacitance provided by the respective sensor element 31, 32 changes.
  • the individual sensor element 31, 32 can be understood as an electrode which forms the variable capacitance in relation to the surroundings of the vehicle 1.
  • an electrical ground potential of the vehicle 1 can be viewed as a counter electrode in order to form an imaginary capacitor with the variable capacitance.
  • a first activation action in the first detection region 51 then causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitance, which is provided by the first sensor element 31.
  • a second activation action in the second detection area 52 accordingly causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitance, which is provided by the second sensor element 32.
  • At least two shielding elements 40 can be used for shielding 41 for the detection.
  • the shielding elements 40 are here arranged on different layers 21, 22, 23, 24 of the circuit board 20, one of the shielding elements 40 surrounding the (first) sensor element 31 on a first layer 21 in order to protect the shielding 41 in different directions x, y, z provide.
  • FIG. 3 shows a “pot shape” of the shielding 41, which can be produced by the arrangement of the shielding elements 40 shown.
  • the shielding elements 40 can be arranged distributed on the layers 21, 22, 23, 24 in such a way that the Shielding 41 delimits the detection area 51 in the three mutually orthogonal directions x, y, z, and predominantly or completely surrounds the detection area 51 in a plane xy (shown in FIG. 4).
  • the shielding element 40 on the first layer 21 can predominantly, and possibly even completely (not shown), surround the sensor element 31.
  • the sensor element 31 is only predominantly, that is to say partially, surrounded by the shielding element 40.
  • the shielding element 40 has an interruption 42 in order to avoid the occurrence of short-circuit currents, in particular due to an interaction with the communication means 61 during operation for communication, in particular NFC communication.
  • the interruption 42 can be designed to be electrically insulated, in particular in order to avoid such disturbances in communication. This ensures that an electric field generated by the sensor element 31 is reliably directed into the detection area 51. In order to further improve the detection in the detection area 51, according to FIG.
  • one of the shielding elements 40 on a second layer 22 can be formed congruent with the sensor element 31 on the first layer 21.
  • the shielding element 40 on the second layer 22 can accordingly be arranged at least partially congruent and in the same position as the sensor element 31 on the first layer.
  • the same position only refers to the directions x and y.
  • the sensor element 31 behind the shielding element 40 on the second layer 22 could no longer be visible, at least for the part for which the shielding element 40 is provided congruently.
  • an electrical ground 45 can also extend flat on the second layer 22 adjacent to the shielding element 40 on the second layer 22, in particular parallel to an area 28 for the arrangement of electronic components on the first layer 21 and / or to one of the shielding elements 40 on a third layer 23.
  • This ground plane 45 can have a cutout for the sensor element 31 on the first or for the corresponding shielding element 40 on the second layer 22.
  • the mass 45 can serve to suppress interference of the electronic components in the area 28 of the first layer 21.
  • the area of the mass 45 around the recess be formed congruently and / or in the same position as the shielding element 40 on the first layer 21.
  • FIG. 6 shows that one of the shielding elements 40 on a third layer 23 extends flat and on one side to the sensor element 31 on the first layer 21 in order to provide the shielding 41 on one side.
  • this shown shielding element 40 extends even further in the direction x in order to simultaneously provide the shielding 41 for the second sensor element 32 in FIG.
  • the shielding element 40 and the second sensor element 32 thus have a longer extension than the first sensor element 31.
  • the sensor element 31 of the first layer 21 is shown in dashed lines in order to clarify the position of the sensor element 31 below the fourth layer 24.
  • the sensor elements 31, 32 are at least partially congruent with one another, but positioned offset to one another.
  • an offset positioning of the sensor elements 31, 32 with respect to one another within the respective layer 21, 24 (in the x direction) is provided.
  • the second sensor element 32 is thus formed at least partially congruent with the first sensor element 31, but is not arranged congruently (or in the same position).
  • the first sensor element 31 would cover the second sensor element 32 at least for a partial section if the positioning was not offset. However, this overlap is canceled (at least partially) in the staggered positioning provided.
  • This offset positioning can also be understood to mean that the congruent areas 35 of the sensor elements 31, 32 are positioned offset from one another in the lateral direction x. As shown in FIG. 7 by the dashed line, the first sensor element 31 is arranged offset by the offset B to the second sensor element 32 and is therefore not covered.
  • the sensor elements 31, 32 each have the same line structure in the illustration, the lines not overlapping due to the offset positioning.
  • the lines are as Substructures 36 of the sensor elements 31, 32 are arranged at a distance A from one another.
  • the offset B is approximately or exactly half of the distance A.
  • the shielding elements 40 are connected to one another at the different layers 21, 22, 23, 24 via vias 25, and are thus provided at the same potential.
  • the shielding elements 40 on the different layers 21, 22, 23, 24 can also be designed to be electrically separated from one another in order to have different electrical potentials.
  • a mixture of separate and connected shielding elements 40 is also conceivable.
  • the connection via vias 25, however, has the advantage that only one electrical connection of the shielding elements 40 to a processing device 29 is necessary in order to operate the shielding elements 40 to provide an active shielding 41 at which an electrical potential of the shielding elements 40 as a function of a electrical potential of the sensor element 31 and / or 32 is set.
  • the processing device 29 and / or a processing arrangement 65 for near-field communication can be arranged in an area 28, in particular on the first layer 21 according to FIG. 4. This area can extend opposite a ground plane 45, in particular on the second layer 22.
  • a communication means 61 can be arranged on the layers 21, 22, 23, 24 of the printed circuit board 20, and preferably at a distance from the sensor and the sensor over all of the layers 21, 22, 23, 24 Shielding element 31, 40 extends.
  • the communication means 61 is not shown here with its specific design on the respective layers 21, 22, 23, 24, but only schematically via a dashed line.
  • the communication means 61 can be formed along this line, but on different layers 21, 22, 23, 24. In other words, the communication means 61 can be interrupted on one of the layers 21, 22, 23, 24 and via a via 25 on this lateral position but on another layer 21, 22, 23, 24 can be continued again as a conductor track.
  • the communication means 61 can be designed as a near-field antenna in order to provide near-field communication with a mobile device outside the vehicle 1. This near field communication can be triggered serve to carry out an authentication by the detection of the activation action.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment for a communication means 61, in particular an NFC antenna, for near-field communication.
  • the device 10 is therefore not only designed as a sensor device 10, but also as a communication device 10, in which the communication means 61 can be operated by a processing arrangement 65 as a communication interface.
  • the communication means 61 is designed in the form of a loop or loop antenna (so-called loop) and can be used to send and / or receive signals for near-field communication with a mobile device.
  • the coupling between the communication device 10 and the mobile device can take place at an operating frequency of the communication means 61 of 13.56 MFIz.
  • the communication means 61 can be designed to generate a magnetic field for communication with the mobile device and in this way to establish an inductive coupling with the mobile device.
  • the NFC antenna 61 can therefore also be understood as an NFC coil.
  • the communication means 61 can advantageously be designed as a conductor loop on the circuit board 20.
  • the shape shown in FIG. 8 does not extend continuously over a single layer of the printed circuit board 20. Rather, this shape is interrupted at some points by vias 25 and, starting from this interruption, is continued at another layer. If the course of the communication means 61 were to be brought together on all layers 21, 22, 23, 24 in one plane, the course shown in FIG. 8 could be obtained.
  • the shown shape of the communication means 61 is geometrically symmetrical (with respect to the point V, through which the corresponding axis of symmetry S can run). This geometric symmetry leads to a reduction in interference.
  • the communication means 61 can be operated according to an electrical symmetry, in which the control and / or signal routing by the processing arrangement 65 via the two branches at RX + and RX- can be carried out symmetrically or differentially (in contrast to an operation in which of the terminals of the communication means 61 connected to ground is).
  • An electrical signal in particular a voltage not equal to 0 volts, can therefore advantageously be measured at both connections RX + and RX-, which signal includes information from the near-field communication.
  • the voltage at the connections RX + and RX- can be symmetrical and therefore the same amount.
  • the processing arrangement 65 is designed, for example, as an NFC receiver or transceiver.
  • a virtual ground can be located exactly or essentially at the central point V of the communication means 61. As shown in FIG. 8, this central point V can lie at the location of half the length or the center of the communication means 61. Depending on the antenna design, it may be possible that no current flows through a tap at this point V with a connection to ground in the case of an ideal antenna. This point V is therefore referred to as virtual ground in the following.
  • resistive damping can be provided at the position of the (ideal) virtual ground V. That is, at this position, an ohmic resistor or an impedance can be used as a damping resistor Rd, which connects the communication means 61 to an electrical ground potential.
  • This damping resistor Rd can be designed as a low resistance, for example in the range from 50 to 100 ohms.
  • the resistive damping by the damping resistor Rd can have the effect that the disruptive vibrations are damped by the resistor Rd even if the position of the virtual ground on the communication means 61 changes due to the occurrence of disturbances.
  • the communication means 61 can be arranged at least predominantly parallel to the outer edge and / or at a constant distance from electrical ground 45, in particular ground plane 45, on printed circuit board 20.
  • the ground 45 is designed in the form of a conductor surface with ground potential.
  • the constant distance between the ground plane 45 and the communication means 61 can also be seen in FIG. In this way it can be ensured that a magnetic coupling of the communication means 61 to the ground 45 is the same at every point.
  • a bandpass filter preferably of the 2nd order, in particular a so-called Wien filter, can be used for the filter arrangement 70, which effects an improved filtering out of the interference due to a particularly steep bandpass curve.
  • the Wien filter is a specially switched RC bandpass, and also known as the frequency determining circuit in a Wien-Robinson generator.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the filter arrangement 70 can be composed of at least one floch-pass arrangement 71 (in particular a first-order RC filter) and at least one low-pass arrangement 72 (in particular also as a first-order RC filter).
  • the floch pass and low pass arrangements 71, 72 can be put together in pairs to form the band pass filter, in particular a 2nd order RC filter.
  • This bandpass filter, in particular the Wien filter, can be provided symmetrically in the filter arrangement 70.
  • a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 can be connected in series.
  • a further resistor R3 is optionally provided, which forms an additional voltage divider with R1.
  • a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 can be connected in parallel.
  • the described filter arrangement 70 has the bandpass filter symmetrically for the connections RX + and RX-.
  • a possible value for the respective resistor R1 is in the range from 1 to 10 kOhm, for the respective resistor R3 between 1 and 5 kOhm, and for the respective capacitor C1 between 1 to 20 pF, for the respective resistor R2 between 100 to 500 ohms and for the respective capacitor C2 between 10 and 40 pF.
  • at least one bandpass filter can be provided by the filter arrangement 70, which significantly attenuates signals of the communication means 61 in the range of e.g. B. causes 100 to 160 MFIz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (10) pour un véhicule (1) destiné à communiquer avec un appareil mobile, en particulier pour activer une fonction du véhicule (1) en fonction de la communication, ledit dispositif comprenant : - un moyen de communication (61) électriquement conducteur, - un système de traitement (65) pour l'émission et/ou la réception d'un signal de communication par l'intermédiaire du moyen de communication (61), afin d'établir la communication par le signal de communication, - et au moins un raccordement (RX+, RX-) pour la réception du signal de communication, lequel connecte le système de traitement (65) électriquement au moyen de communication (61), un moyen (Rd) pour l'amortissement résistif étant en outre connecté électriquement au moyen de communication (61), en plus de l'au moins un raccordement (RX+, RX-).
PCT/EP2020/083715 2019-11-27 2020-11-27 Dispositif pour un véhicule destiné à communiquer avec un appareil mobile WO2021105416A1 (fr)

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EP20816928.4A EP4066383A1 (fr) 2019-11-27 2020-11-27 Dispositif pour un véhicule destiné à communiquer avec un appareil mobile
CN202080074115.9A CN114631263A (zh) 2019-11-27 2020-11-27 用于与移动设备通信的车辆用装置

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DE102019132139.5 2019-11-27
DE102020118567.7 2020-07-14
DE102020118567.7A DE102020118567A1 (de) 2019-11-27 2020-07-14 Vorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug zur Kommunikation mit einem mobilen Gerät

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WO2021105413A1 (fr) 2021-06-03
DE102020118566A1 (de) 2021-05-27
DE102020118567A1 (de) 2021-05-27
CN114728630A (zh) 2022-07-08
EP4065429A1 (fr) 2022-10-05
EP4066383A1 (fr) 2022-10-05
CN114631263A (zh) 2022-06-14

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