WO2021104299A1 - 一种阵列天线以及设备 - Google Patents

一种阵列天线以及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021104299A1
WO2021104299A1 PCT/CN2020/131434 CN2020131434W WO2021104299A1 WO 2021104299 A1 WO2021104299 A1 WO 2021104299A1 CN 2020131434 W CN2020131434 W CN 2020131434W WO 2021104299 A1 WO2021104299 A1 WO 2021104299A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal layer
antenna
sub
array
radiating
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PCT/CN2020/131434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁彬
王伟锋
彭杰
王文涛
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021104299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021104299A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an array antenna and a device.
  • the RF front-end is required to increase the peak effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), and the antenna is required With beam scanning capability.
  • EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
  • passive phased array antennas have more advantages in terms of cost and power consumption. Therefore, beam scanning through passive phase shifting is an important technical direction.
  • the main problems of the existing passive phased array antenna solutions are high profile, large volume, and small vertical scanning angle (generally less than ⁇ 10°), which is difficult to meet the system requirements of 5G high-frequency base station antennas. How to reduce the profile of the passive phased array antenna, reduce the volume, and increase the vertical scanning angle is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an array antenna with a low profile, a small volume, and a large vertical scanning angle.
  • the array antenna can realize beam scanning by passive phase shifting.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a communication device, a wireless backhaul device, and a radar device.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides an array antenna.
  • the array antenna includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer, and a dielectric substrate.
  • the second metal layer is provided on the first metal layer, and the third metal layer is provided On the second metal layer, the dielectric substrate is provided on the third metal layer;
  • the first metal layer is provided with a waveguide port and a plurality of waveguide power dividers, the second metal layer is a metal waveguide, and the third metal layer is provided with multiple Radiating antenna sub-arrays, each radiating antenna sub-array includes a plurality of radiating elements, a plurality of phase-shifting antennas are arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the plurality of phase-shifting antennas are in one-to-one correspondence with the radiating elements included in the plurality of radiating antenna sub-arrays;
  • the first metal layer is used to receive the radio frequency signal through the waveguide port, and divide the radio frequency signal into a plurality of sub-signals by a
  • a radiation signal radiates outward; the dielectric substrate is used to phase-shift the first radiation signal radiated by each radiating unit through multiple phase-shifting antennas, and convert multiple first radiation signals into multiple second radiation signals , And radiate the plurality of second radiation signals to the outside, so as to realize beam scanning.
  • the array antenna is composed of a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer, and a dielectric substrate, and the structure formed by the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer, and the dielectric substrate It is a layered integrated integrated structure.
  • the array antenna can realize beam scanning while having the characteristics of low profile and simple assembly.
  • the array antenna provided in this application adopts a forced feeding method, that is, the radio frequency signal is input to each radiating unit through a metal waveguide, and the phase-shifting antenna on the dielectric substrate is after the radiating unit on the third metal layer radiates the radio frequency signal. Then perform phase shift processing.
  • the phase shift is at the forefront of the radio frequency, which can reduce the insertion loss, and the radiation unit contained in the third metal layer corresponds to the phase shift antenna contained in the dielectric substrate one-to-one, which can increase the vertical scanning angle to ⁇ 20°, with stronger scanning ability.
  • the second metal layer is a metal waveguide in the form of a ridge waveguide, and the size of the ridge waveguide is small, which can reduce the volume of the array antenna and reduce the space occupation.
  • the radiating antenna sub-array is a waveguide slot antenna sub-array.
  • the waveguide slot antenna sub-array has the advantages of low profile and high radiation efficiency, which can reduce the profile of the array antenna and improve the array antenna. Radiation efficiency of radio frequency signals.
  • the polarization mode of the waveguide slot antenna sub-array includes at least one of 45° polarization, horizontal polarization, and vertical polarization, so that the array antenna can transmit according to actual needs. Electromagnetic waves of different polarization types.
  • the feeding directions of the two radiating antenna sub-arrays connected to the same waveguide power divider in the first metal layer through the second metal layer are opposite.
  • multiple waveguide power dividers progressively divide the input radio frequency signal, dividing the radio frequency signal into multiple sub-signals, and the sub-signals output by the two output ends of the waveguide power divider at the end pass through the first
  • the two metal layers enter the corresponding radiating antenna sub-array, and the radiating elements in the radiating antenna sub-array in turn radiate the sub-signals output by the waveguide power divider.
  • the radiating antenna sub-array will radiate the sub-signals outwards and produce frequency dispersion. Therefore, the feeding directions of the two radiating antenna sub-arrays connected to the same waveguide power divider in the first metal layer can be set to opposite directions to cancel the frequency dispersion generated by the two radiating antenna sub-arrays.
  • the phase-shifting antenna is a self-phase-shifting microstrip antenna.
  • the phase-shifting antenna is a self-phase-shifting microstrip antenna.
  • the phase-shifting quantization number of the phase-shifting antenna is 1 bit (bit), and the design complexity and cost of this 1-bit phase-shifting antenna are relatively low.
  • 1bit phase-shifting antennas There are many types of 1bit phase-shifting antennas, and each type has different structure and phase-shifting capabilities.
  • 1bit phase-shifting antennas have phase-shifting capabilities of 180°, 90°, 45°,-
  • 45° phase shift and -90° shift equal are multiple types of 45° phase shift and -90° shift equal.
  • the phase shift quantization number of the phase shift antenna is 2bit.
  • the cost and design complexity of the 2bit phase shift antenna are higher, but the phase shift accuracy is also higher.
  • an array antenna using a 2bit phase-shifting antenna can achieve a more accurate beam pointing angle.
  • There is only one type of 2bit phase shift antenna and the structure and phase shift amount of the 2bit phase shift antenna corresponding to different radiating units are the same, and beam scanning can also be realized.
  • the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer, and the dielectric substrate are fixed by welding or screw fastening. It is more convenient for assembly to be fixed by welding or screw fastening.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a communication device, which includes the array antenna described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a wireless backhaul device.
  • the wireless backhaul device includes the array antenna described in the foregoing first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a radar device, which includes the array antenna described in the foregoing first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the array antenna is composed of a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer and a dielectric substrate.
  • the first metal layer is provided with a waveguide port and a plurality of waveguide power splitters.
  • the second metal layer is a metal waveguide, a plurality of radiating antenna sub-arrays are arranged on the third metal layer, each radiating antenna sub-array includes a plurality of radiating units, a plurality of phase-shifting antennas are arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the plurality of shifting antennas are arranged on the dielectric substrate.
  • the phase antenna corresponds to the radiating elements included in the multiple radiating antenna sub-arrays one-to-one; the first metal layer is used to receive the radio frequency signal through the waveguide port, and divide the radio frequency signal into multiple sub-signals through multiple waveguide power dividers.
  • Multiple sub-signals correspond to multiple radiating antenna sub-arrays one-to-one; the second metal layer is used to transmit each sub-signal to the corresponding radiating antenna sub-array of each sub-signal; the third metal layer is used to pass multiple radiation
  • the radiation unit in the antenna sub-array converts each sub-signal into multiple first radiation signals and radiates outward; the dielectric substrate is used to phase shift the first radiation signal radiated by each radiation unit through multiple phase-shifting antennas Processing, converting the plurality of first radiation signals into a plurality of second radiation signals, and radiating the plurality of second radiation signals to the outside.
  • the array antenna can realize beam scanning through a structure formed by the stacking and combination of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer, and the dielectric substrate.
  • the array antenna of the stacked structure has a low profile, Features of easy assembly, low insertion loss, and large scanning angle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application architecture of an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2(a) is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waveguide slot antenna sub-array in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1-bit phase shift antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency front-end architecture using a 1-bit phase-shifting antenna in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a 2-bit phase shift antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • This application can be applied, but is not limited to, multi-antenna system equipment such as communication base stations, wireless backhaul, satellite communications, and radar in millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave frequency bands.
  • communication base station equipment most of the industry adopts active phased array antenna scheme to realize beam scanning function.
  • EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
  • the cost and power consumption of the system are relatively high. high.
  • passive phased array antenna instead of active phased array antenna, because the passive phased array antenna itself has passive phase shifting ability, it can reduce the number of active channels in the system, thereby reducing the need for active channels The cost and power consumption overhead.
  • the embodiment of the application can be applied to the system architecture shown in FIG. 1.
  • the antenna array is composed of several rows and several columns of antenna sub-arrays, and several rows and several columns of antenna sub-arrays in the array antenna combine the received radio frequency signals.
  • Each antenna port is connected to a radio frequency transceiver channel.
  • the radio frequency signals on several radio frequency transceiver channels pass through the mixer after analog combination Frequency conversion and conversion into digital signals by analog-to-digital converter (AD/DA), a number of digital signals are then converged to the baseband for corresponding processing.
  • This architecture is a digital/active/passive hybrid phased array architecture.
  • the number of digital channels and the number of RF transceiver channels are small. Compared with the pure active phased array architecture, the number of RF transceiver channels is smaller. Reduce system power consumption and cost.
  • the aforementioned communication base station equipment corresponds to different equipment in different communication systems.
  • 2G 2nd generation mobile communication technology
  • 3G 3rd generation mobile communication technology
  • 4G 4th generation mobile communication technology
  • eNB evolved node B
  • NR new radio
  • 5G 5th generation node B
  • passive phased array antennas Compared with active phased array antennas, passive phased array antennas have more advantages in terms of cost and power consumption.
  • the main problems of existing passive phased array antenna solutions are high profile, large volume, and vertical scanning.
  • the angle is small (generally less than ⁇ 10°), which is difficult to meet the system requirements of 5G high-frequency base station antennas.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an array antenna with a low profile, a small volume, and a large vertical scanning angle.
  • the array antenna can realize beam scanning by passive phase shifting.
  • Fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a structure of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the array antenna may include: a first metal layer 201, a second metal layer 202, a third metal layer 203, a dielectric substrate 204, and the second metal layer 202 is disposed on the first metal layer 201 ,
  • the third metal layer 203 is disposed on the second metal layer 202, and the dielectric substrate 204 is disposed on the third metal layer 203.
  • Figure 2(b) is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the array antenna shown in Figure 2(a).
  • the first metal layer 201 is provided with a waveguide port 2011 and a plurality of waveguide power splitters 2012, and the second metal layer 202 is used for A metal waveguide for radio frequency signal transmission.
  • each radiating antenna sub-array includes a plurality of radiating units 2031, and a plurality of phase-shifting antennas 2041 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 204.
  • the multiple phase-shifting antennas correspond to the radiating elements included in the multiple radiating antenna sub-arrays in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the radio frequency signal enters the array antenna from the waveguide port 2011, and the radio frequency signal is divided into a plurality of sub-signals through a waveguide power division network composed of a plurality of waveguide power dividers 2012.
  • the radiating antenna sub-arrays have a one-to-one correspondence; in the second metal layer 202, the second metal layer 202 transmits each sub-signal generated in the first metal layer 201 to the corresponding radiating antenna sub-array of each sub-signal; In the metal layer 203, when each sub-signal reaches the corresponding radiating antenna sub-array, the sub-signal gradually propagates to each radiating unit, and the radiating unit 2031 in the radiating antenna sub-array gradually converts each sub-signal into multiple first radiation signal directions.
  • each phase-shifting antenna performs phase-shift processing on the first radiation signal radiated by each corresponding radiation unit, and converts multiple first radiation signals into multiple second radiation signals, Then, the multiple second radiation signals are radiated to the outside, so as to realize beam scanning.
  • the phase of each radiating unit in the third metal layer 203 is fixed, and the phase shift required for beam scanning is realized by each phase-shifting antenna in the dielectric substrate 204, thereby realizing beam scanning.
  • the array antenna is laminated and integrated by the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the dielectric substrate, and has a low profile and small size.
  • This type of array antenna adopts a forced feeding method. , That is, the radio frequency signal is input to each radiating unit through the waveguide, the phase shifting antenna on the dielectric substrate radiates the radio frequency signal by the radiating unit on the third metal layer, and then the phase shift processing is performed.
  • the phase shift is at the forefront of the radio frequency, which can reduce Insertion loss, and the radiation unit included in the third metal layer corresponds to the phase-shifting antenna included in the dielectric substrate one-to-one, which can increase the vertical scanning angle to ⁇ 20°, and has a stronger scanning ability.
  • a layer of PA board 205 is further provided at the bottom of the first metal layer.
  • the form of the metal waveguide contained in the second metal layer or other components other than the second metal layer is preferably a ridge waveguide, and the metal waveguide of the ridge waveguide has a smaller size.
  • the multiple radiating units can be arrayed in small intervals to achieve a larger range of scanning, and the volume of the array antenna is reduced.
  • the radiating antenna sub-array is a waveguide slot antenna sub-array, and the radiating unit is a waveguide slot world unit, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Each waveguide slot antenna sub-array includes multiple waveguide slot antenna units (three waveguide slot antenna units are taken as an example in FIG. 3, and the number of waveguide slot antenna units in each waveguide slot antenna sub-array is not limited).
  • the ridge waveguide connected to the multiple waveguide slot antenna units is a part of the second metal layer 202.
  • each waveguide slot antenna unit may include a radiation slot 20311, a polarization rotating cavity 20312, and a coupling slot 20313.
  • the waveguide slot antenna sub-array can also be horizontally polarized.
  • the waveguide slot antenna unit in this horizontally polarized waveguide slot antenna sub-array includes a coupling slot, but does not include a polarization rotating cavity and a radiation slot, and can pass directly through the coupling slot Radiate radio frequency signals to the outside.
  • the waveguide slot antenna sub-array can also be vertically polarized.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the array antenna includes: a waveguide port 2011, a first waveguide power splitter 20121, a second waveguide power splitter 20122, a third waveguide power splitter 20123, and a second waveguide power splitter 20121.
  • the dielectric substrate 204 is a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) integrated with multiple phase-shifting antennas.
  • the radio frequency signal is input from the waveguide port 2011, it is divided into two sub-signals by the first waveguide power divider 20121, and the two sub-signals are divided into four sub-signals by the second waveguide power divider 20122 and the third waveguide power divider 20123.
  • the four sub-signals respectively enter the first radiating antenna sub-array, the second radiating antenna sub-array, the third radiating antenna sub-array, and the fourth radiating antenna sub-array through the second metal layer 202.
  • Each sub-signal is radiating
  • the antenna sub-array propagates in a specific direction, and the radiating elements in the radiating antenna sub-array radiate the sub-signals in turn, and the signal radiated by each radiating element is received by the corresponding phase-shifting antenna on the PCB for phase-shifting processing. Radiate out again.
  • the feeding directions of the two radiating antenna sub-arrays connected to the same waveguide power splitter through the waveguide are opposite, and the feeding direction is the propagation direction of the radio frequency signal in the radiating antenna sub-array.
  • the feeding directions of the first radiating antenna sub-array and the second radiating antenna sub-array are opposite. In this way, the frequency dispersion generated by the first radiating antenna sub-array and the second antenna sub-array can be mutually canceled, and the performance of the array antenna can be improved.
  • the array antenna structure shown in FIG. 2(b) is an ideal structure based on the layered concept, and the array antenna structure shown in FIG. 4 is closer to the array antenna structure in actual processing.
  • the phase-shifting antenna is a self-phase-shifting microstrip antenna whose phase-shifting quantization number can be 1 bit, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the structure of this 1bit self-shifting microstrip antenna is a multilayer PCB board, the bottom layer is a receiving patch antenna, the middle layer is a coaxial-like structure, and the DC bias line and AC isolation low-pass filter are integrated; the top layer is an integrated Radiation patch antenna of PIN diode.
  • the receiving patch antenna on the bottom layer is used to receive the signals radiated by the corresponding radiating unit.
  • the radiating patch antenna on the top layer has the functions of phase shifting and radiation.
  • the phase shifting can be achieved by controlling the switch of the PIN diode.
  • the DC bias of the middle layer The wiring and AC blocking low-pass filter is used to provide a stable DC working voltage for the PIN diode in the radiating patch antenna on the top layer. If the radiating antenna sub-array is 45° polarization, the bottom receiving patch antenna also needs to be 45° polarization; if the radiating antenna sub-array is horizontally polarized, the bottom receiving patch antenna also needs to be horizontally polarized; If the radiating antenna sub-array is vertically polarized, the receiving patch antenna on the bottom layer also needs to be vertically polarized.
  • the polarization of the radiating patch antenna on the top layer and the receiving patch antenna on the bottom layer are completely independent, and can be 45° polarization, horizontal polarization, or vertical polarization.
  • a 1-bit phase-shifting antenna has a phase-shifting capability of 180°
  • 90° phase shift 45° phase shift
  • -45° phase shift -90° shift
  • the radiating unit is configured with the same type of 1bit phase-shifting antenna, otherwise the beams radiated by the array antenna are all difference beams with the same main lobe and grating lobe, which cannot meet the actual beam scanning requirements.
  • the phase-shifting antenna in the embodiment of the present application may also be a self-phase-shifting microstrip antenna with a phase-shifting quantization number of 2 bits, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the 2bit self-shifting microstrip antenna has more phase shifting gears, so the phase shifting accuracy is higher.
  • the array antenna using the 2bit self-shifting microstrip antenna can achieve more accurate beams. Pointing angle.
  • the structure and phase shift amount of the 2bit phase shift antenna corresponding to different radiation units are the same, and beam scanning can also be realized.
  • phase-shifting antenna with a higher number of phase-shifting quantization (for example, 3bit phase-shifting antenna, 4bit phase-shifting antenna, 5bit phase-shifting antenna%), but the higher the number of phase-shifting quantization The cost of the phase-shifting antenna is also higher.
  • the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the dielectric substrate and the PA board can be fixed by welding or screw fastening to form a complete beam scanning Functional passive phased array antenna.
  • the method of welding or screw fastening is easier to assemble and produce, and the laminated modular structure has a lower profile and a smaller overall volume.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which may be a communication device formed by using the array antenna described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the communication device includes but is not limited to: a base station or a gNB in a new radio (NR) system.
  • NR new radio
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless backhaul device.
  • the wireless backhaul device may be a wireless backhaul device composed of an array antenna as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a radar device, and the radar device may be a radar device composed of an array antenna as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种阵列天线，包括第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板，第一金属层接收射频信号并通过多个波导功分器将射频信号划分为多个子信号，第二金属层是金属波导，用于将子信号传输至对应的辐射天线子阵中，第三金属层上设置的多个辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元将子信号向外辐射，介质基板上设置的多个移相天线对每个辐射单元辐射出去的信号进行移相处理，再次向外辐射。通过本申请提供的技术方案，阵列天线可以通过第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板层叠组合形成的结构实现波束扫描，同时该层叠式结构的阵列天线具备低剖面、易装配、低插损、大扫描角度的特性。

Description

一种阵列天线以及设备
本申请要求于2019年11月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911193242.6、发明名称为“一种阵列天线以及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，具体涉及一种阵列天线以及设备。
背景技术
在第五代移动通信技术(the 5th generation mobile communication technology，5G)中，5G高频基站为了提升覆盖范围，要求射频前端增加峰值有效全向辐射功率(effective isotropic radiated power，EIRP)，并且要求天线具备波束扫描能力。相对于有源相控阵天线，无源相控阵天线在成本和功耗方面更具优势，因此通过无源移相实现波束扫描是重要的技术方向。
现有的无源相控阵列天线方案存在的主要问题是剖面高、体积大、垂直维扫描角度较小(一般小于±10°)，难以满足5G高频基站天线的系统需求。如何降低无源相控阵天线的剖面，减小体积，并且提升垂直维扫描角度是一个亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种低剖面，体积小、垂直维扫描角度较大的阵列天线，该阵列天线可以通过无源移相实现波束扫描。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信设备、无线回传设备及雷达设备。
本申请第一方面提供一种阵列天线，该阵列天线包括第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板，第二金属层设置于第一金属层上，第三金属层设置于第二金属层上，介质基板设置于第三金属层上；第一金属层上设置有波导口和多个波导功分器，第二金属层为金属波导，第三金属层上设置有多个辐射天线子阵，每个辐射天线子阵包括多个辐射单元，介质基板上设置有多个移相天线，该多个移相天线与多个辐射天线子阵包括的辐射单元一一对应；第一金属层，用于通过波导口接收射频信号，并且通过多个波导功分器将该射频信号划分为多个子信号，该多个子信号与多个辐射天线子阵一一对应；第二金属层，用于将每个子信号传输至每个子信号各自对应的辐射天线子阵中；第三金属层，用于通过多个辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元，将每个子信号转换为多个第一辐射信号向外辐射；介质基板，用于通过多个移相天线对每个辐射单元辐射出去的第一辐射信号进行移相处理，将多个第一辐射信号转换为多个第二辐射信号，并且将该多个第二辐射信号向外辐射，从而实现波束扫描。
由第一方面可知，该阵列天线由第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板组成，该第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板形成的结构是一种层叠式的一体化集成结构，该阵列天线可以在实现波束扫描的同时，具有低剖面、装配简单的特性。本申请提供的阵列天线采用强制馈电的馈电方式，即通过金属波导将射频信号输入到各个辐射单元，介质基板上的移相天线在第三金属层上的辐射单元将射频信号辐射出去之后再进行移相处理，移相处于射频最前端，可以降低插损，且第三金属层中包含的辐射单元和介 质基板中包含的移相天线一一对应，可以将垂直维扫描角度提升至±20°，具有更强的扫描能力。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，第二金属层为脊波导形式的金属波导，脊波导的尺寸较小，可以减小阵列天线的体积，减少空间占用。
在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，辐射天线子阵为波导缝隙天线子阵，波导缝隙天线子阵具有低剖面和高辐射效率的优点，可以降低阵列天线的剖面、提高阵列天线对射频信号的辐射效率。
在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，波导缝隙天线子阵的极化方式包括45°极化、水平极化和垂直极化中的至少一种，使得阵列天线可以根据实际需求发射不同极化类型的电磁波。
在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，通过第二金属层与第一金属层中的同一波导功分器相连的两个辐射天线子阵的馈电方向相反。在第一金属层中，多个波导功分器对输入的射频信号进行递进式划分，将射频信号划分为多个子信号，末端的波导功分器的两个输出端输出的子信号通过第二金属层进入到对应的辐射天线子阵，辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元再依次将波导功分器输出的子信号辐射出去，辐射天线子阵将子信号向外辐射的同时会产生频率色散，因此可以通过波导与第一金属层中的同一波导功分器相连的两个辐射天线子阵的馈电方向设置为相反方向，来相互抵消两个辐射天线子阵产生的频率色散。
在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，移相天线为自移相微带天线。按照一定的规则为介质基板中不同的自移相微带天线设置特定的相位时，可以实现不同的波束指向角度，改变不同的自移相微带天线的相位，就可以实现波束扫描的效果。
在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，移相天线的移相量化数为1比特(bit)，这种1bit移相天线的设计复杂度和成本较低。1bit移相天线有多种可选的类型，每种类型的结构和移相能力不相同，例如1bit移相天线有移相能力为180°移相、90°移相、45°移相、-45°移相和-90°移相等多种类型。根据实际的波束扫描需求，需要为不同辐射单元配置特定类型的1bit移相天线，而不能为每个辐射单元配置相同类型的1bit移相天线，否则阵列天线辐射出来的波束均为主瓣和栅瓣相等的差波束，无法满足实际的波束扫描需求。
在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，移相天线的移相量化数为2bit，2bit移相天线与1bit移相天线相比，成本和设计复杂度较高，但是移相精度也较高，使用2bit移相天线的阵列天线可以实现更精确的波束指向角度。2bit移相天线只有一种类型，不同辐射单元对应的2bit移相天线的结构和移相量是相同的，也可以实现波束扫描。
在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板之间通过焊接或螺钉紧固的方式进行固定。通过焊接或螺丝紧固的方式进行固定更方便装配。
本申请第二方面提供一种通信设备，该通信设备包括上述第一方面或第一方面任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的阵列天线。
本申请第三方面提供一种无线回传设备，该无线回传设备包括上述第一方面或第一方面任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的阵列天线。
本申请第四方面提供一种雷达设备，该雷达设备包括上述第一方面或第一方面任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的阵列天线。
在本申请提供的阵列天线技术方案中，该阵列天线由第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层和介质基板组成，第一金属层上设置有波导口和多个波导功分器，第二金属层为金属波导，第三金属层上设置有多个辐射天线子阵，每个辐射天线子阵包括多个辐射单元，介质基板上设置有多个移相天线，该多个移相天线与多个辐射天线子阵包括的辐射单元一一对应；第一金属层，用于通过波导口接收射频信号，并且通过多个波导功分器将该射频信号划分为多个子信号，该多个子信号与多个辐射天线子阵一一对应；第二金属层，用于将每个子信号传输至每个子信号各自对应的辐射天线子阵中；第三金属层，用于通过多个辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元，将每个子信号转换为多个第一辐射信号向外辐射；介质基板，用于通过多个移相天线对每个辐射单元辐射出去的第一辐射信号进行移相处理，将多个第一辐射信号转换为多个第二辐射信号，并且将该多个第二辐射信号向外辐射。通过本申请提供的技术方案，阵列天线可以通过第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板层叠组合形成的结构实现波束扫描，同时该层叠式结构的阵列天线具备低剖面、易装配、低插损、大扫描角度的特性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例的一种应用架构示意图；
图2(a)是本申请实施例提供的阵列天线一种结构示意图；
图2(b)是本申请实施例提供的阵列天线一种横截面结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例中的一种波导缝隙天线子阵结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的阵列天线另一种结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种1bit移相天线结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例中采用1bit移相天线的射频前端架构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种2bit移相天线结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情 况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或模块的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或模块，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或模块。本申请中所出现的模块的划分，是一种逻辑上的划分，实际应用中实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块可以结合成或集成在另一个系统中，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。
此外，在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“设置”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本申请可以应用但不限于应用于毫米波及亚毫米波频段的通信基站、无线回传、卫星通信及雷达等多天线系统设备中。以通信基站设备为例，业界大多采用有源相控阵列天线的方案实现波束扫描功能，当系统有效全向辐射功率(effective isotropic radiated power，EIRP)要求较高时，系统成本及功耗开销较高。而采用无源相控阵列天线代替有源相控阵列天线的技术方案后，由于无源相控阵列天线自身具备无源移相能力，可以减少系统有源通道数量，从而降低有源通道所需要的成本及功耗开销。本申请实施例可以应用于图1所示的系统架构中，天线阵列由若干行及若干列天线子阵组成，阵列天线中的若干行及若干列天线子阵将接收到的射频信号合路后，将射频信号输入到对应的每一个天线端口再进入对应的射频收发通道，每一个天线端口与一路射频收发通道相连，若干路射频收发通道上的射频信号在模拟合路后通过混频器下变频并通过模拟数字转换器(AD/DA)转化为数字信号，若干路数字信号再汇聚到基带进行相应处理。此架构是一种数字/有源/无源混合的相控阵架构，数字通道数量和射频收发通道数量较少，相比纯粹的有源相控阵架构，射频收发通道数量有所较少，降低了系统功耗及成本。
应理解，上述通信基站设备在不同通信系统中对应不同的设备，例如，在第二代移动通信技术(the 2nd generation mobile communication technology，2G)系统中对应基站与基站控制器，在第三代移动通信技术(the 3rd generation mobile communication technology，3G)系统中对应基站与无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)，在第四代移动通信技术(the 4th generation mobile communication technology，4G)系统中对应演进型节点B(evolved node B，eNB)，在5G系统中对应新无线(new radio，NR)系统中的接入网设备(例如下一代节点B(next generation node B，gNB))。
相对于有源相控阵天线，无源相控阵列天线在成本和功耗方面更具优势，但是现有的无源相控阵列天线方案存在的主要问题是剖面高、体积大、垂直维扫描角度较小(一般小于±10°)，难以满足5G高频基站天线的系统需求。为此，本申请实施例提供了一种低剖面，体积小、垂直维扫描角度较大的阵列天线，该阵列天线可以通过无源移相实现波束扫描。
图2(a)为本申请实施例提供的阵列天线一种结构示意图。
如图2(a)所示，该阵列天线可以包括：第一金属层201、第二金属层202、第三金属层203、介质基板204，第二金属层202设置于第一金属层201上，第三金属层203设置于第二金属层202上，介质基板204设置于第三金属层203上。图2(b)为图2(a)所示的阵列天线的横截面结构示意图，第一金属层201上设置有波导口2011和多个波导功分器2012，第二金属层202是用于进行射频信号传输的金属波导，第三金属层203上设置有多个辐射天线子阵，每个辐射天线子阵包括多个辐射单元2031，介质基板204上设置有多个移相天线2041，该多个移相天线与多个辐射天线子阵包括的辐射单元一一对应。在第一金属层201中，射频信号从波导口2011进入阵列天线，并且通过多个波导功分器2012组成的波导功分网络将该射频信号划分为多个子信号，该多个子信号与多个辐射天线子阵一一对应；在第二金属层202中，第二金属层202将第一金属层201中产生的每个子信号传输至每个子信号各自对应的辐射天线子阵中；在第三金属层203中，每个子信号到达对应的辐射天线子阵时，子信号逐渐传播到每个辐射单元，辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元2031将每个子信号逐渐转换为多个第一辐射信号向外辐射；在介质基板204中，每个移相天线对各自对应的每个辐射单元辐射出去的第一辐射信号进行移相处理，将多个第一辐射信号转换为多个第二辐射信号，然后再将该多个第二辐射信号向外辐射，从而实现波束扫描。在第三金属层203中的每个辐射单元的相位是固定的，波束扫描所需要的相位移动通过介质基板204中的各个移相天线实现，从而实现波束扫描。
在本实施例中，阵列天线由第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层和介质基板层叠式一体化集成，剖面低、体积小，这种阵列天线采用强制馈电的馈电方式，即通过波导将射频信号输入到各个辐射单元，介质基板上的移相天线在第三金属层上的辐射单元将射频信号辐射出去之后再进行移相处理，移相处于射频最前端，可以降低插损，且第三金属层中包含的辐射单元和介质基板中包含的移相天线一一对应，可以将垂直维扫描角度提升至±20°，具有更强的扫描能力。
可选的，在第一金属层的底部，还设置有一层PA板205。
可选的，在本申请实施例中，第二金属层或者除第二金属层以外的其它组成部分中所包含的金属波导的形式优选为脊波导形式，脊波导形式的金属波导尺寸较小，使得多个辐射单元可以小间距组阵实现较大范围扫描，减小了阵列天线的体积。
可选的，在本申请实施例中，辐射天线子阵为波导缝隙天线子阵，辐射单元为波导缝隙天下单元，如图3所示。每个波导缝隙天线子阵包括多个波导缝隙天线单元(图3中以三个波导缝隙天线单元作为示例，每个波导缝隙天线子阵中波导缝隙天线单元的数量不做限定)。作为示例，与多个波导缝隙天线单元相连的脊波导即为第二金属层202的一部分。图3中所示的波导缝隙天线子阵是45°极化的，每个波导缝隙天线单元可以包括辐射缝隙20311、极化旋转腔20312和耦合缝隙20313。波导缝隙天线子阵还可以是水平极化的，这种水平极化的波导缝隙天线子阵中的波导缝隙天线单元包括耦合缝隙，但不包括极化旋转腔和辐射缝隙，可以直接通过耦合缝隙将射频信号向外辐射。波导缝隙天线子阵还可以是垂直极化的。
图4为本申请实施例提供的阵列天线的另一种结构示意图。
如图4所示，在垂直方向上，由下至上，该阵列天线依次包括：波导口2011、第一波导功分器20121、第二波导功分器20122、第三波导功分器20123、第二金属层202、第一辐射天线子阵、第二辐射天线子阵、第三辐射天线子阵、第四辐射天线子阵和介质基板204。具体的，该介质基板204为集成有多个移相天线的印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)。
作为一个示例，射频信号从波导口2011输入后，通过第一波导功分器20121划分为两个子信号，两个子信号在通过第二波导功分器20122和第三波导功分器20123划分为四个子信号，这四个子信号通过第二金属层202分别进入到第一辐射天线子阵、第二辐射天线子阵、第三辐射天线子阵、第四辐射天线子阵中，每个子信号在辐射天线子阵中沿特定方向传播，辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元依次将该子信号辐射出去，每个辐射单元辐射出去的信号再被PCB板上对应的移相天线接收，进行移相处理，再次辐射出去。
可选的，通过波导与同一波导功分器相连的两个辐射天线子阵的馈电方向相反，馈电方向即射频信号在辐射天线子阵中的传播方向。例如在图4中，第一辐射天线子阵和第二辐射天线子阵的馈电方向相反。这样可以相互抵消第一辐射天线子阵和第二天线子阵产生的频率色散，改善阵列天线性能。
应理解，图2(b)所示的阵列天线结构是基于分层概念上的一种理想结构，而图4所示的阵列天线结构更接近于实际加工中的阵列天线结构。
可选的，在本申请实施例中，移相天线是移相量化数可以为1bit的自移相微带天线，如图5所示。这种1bit自移相微带天线的结构是多层PCB板，底层为接收贴片天线，中间层是类同轴线结构，集成有直流偏置线及隔交流低通滤波器；顶层是集成PIN二极管的辐射贴片天线。底层的接收贴片天线用于接收对应的辐射单元辐射出去的信号，顶层的辐射贴片天线具有移相和辐射的功能，其中移相可以通过控制PIN二极管的开关来实现，中间层的直流偏置线及隔交流低通滤波器用于为顶层的辐射贴片天线中的PIN二极管提供稳定的直流工作电压。若辐射天线子阵为45°极化，则底层的接收贴片天线也需为45°极化；若辐射天线子阵为水平极化，则底层的接收贴片天线也需为水平极化；若辐射天线子阵为垂直极化，则底层的接收贴片天线也需为垂直极化。顶层的辐射贴片天线和底层的接收贴片天线的极化完全独立，可以是45°极化的，也可以是水平极化的，也可以是垂直极化的。
需要说明的是，如图6所示，1bit移相天线有多种可选的类型，每种类型的结构和移相能力不相同，例如1bit移相天线有移相能力为180°移相、90°移相、45°移相、-45°移相和-90°移相等多种类型，需要根据实际的波束扫描需求为不同辐射单元配置特定类型的1bit移相天线，而不能为每个辐射单元配置相同类型的1bit移相天线，否则阵列天线辐射出来的波束均为主瓣和栅瓣相等的差波束，无法满足实际的波束扫描需求。
可选的，本申请实施例中的移相天线还可以是移相量化数为2bit的自移相微带天线，如图7所示。与1bit自移相微带天线相比，2bit自移相微带天线的的移相档位更多，因此移相精度更高，使用2bit自移相微带天线的阵列天线可以实现更精确波束指向角度。2bit移相天线只有一种类型，不同辐射单元对应的2bit移相天线的结构和移相量是相同的，也可 以实现波束扫描。2bit自移相微带天线与1bit自移相微带天线相比，需要更多的PIN二极管，这些PIN二极管可以集成于顶层的辐射贴片天线上，也可以分别集成与底层的接收贴片天线和顶层的辐射贴片天线上，如图7中所示。为实现更高的波束扫描精度，还可以采用移相量化数更高的移相天线(例如3bit移相天线、4bit移相天线、5bit移相天线···)，但是移相量化数越高的移相天线的成本也更高。
在一种具体的实施例中，第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层和介质基板以及PA板之间可以通过焊接或螺钉紧固的方式进行固定，形成一个完整的具备波束扫描功能的无源相控阵列天线。焊接或螺钉紧固的方式更易于组装生产，层叠式的模块化结构剖面较低，整体体积较小。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信设备，该通信设备可以是采用如上述任意实施例中所描述的阵列天线所构成的通信设备。该通信设备包括但不限于：基站或新无线(new radio，NR)系统中的gNB。
本申请实施例还提供一种无线回传设备，该无线回传设备可以是采用如上述任意实施例中所描述的阵列天线所构成的无线回传设备。
本申请实施例提供一种雷达设备，该雷达设备可以是采用如上述任意实施例中所描述的阵列天线所构成的雷达设备。
最后应说明的是：本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请的技术方案进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种阵列天线，其特征在于，包括第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层、介质基板，所述第二金属层设置于所述第一金属层上，所述第三金属层设置于所述第二金属层上，所述介质基板设置于所述第三金属层上；
    所述第一金属层中设置有波导口和多个波导功分器，所述第二金属层为金属波导，所述第三金属层包括多个辐射天线子阵，每个辐射天线子阵包括多个辐射单元，所述介质基板上设置有多个移相天线，所述多个移相天线与所述多个辐射天线子阵包括的辐射单元一一对应；
    所述第一金属层，用于通过所述波导口接收射频信号，并且通过所述多个波导功分器将所述射频信号划分为多个子信号，所述多个子信号与所述多个辐射天线子阵一一对应；
    所述第二金属层，用于将每个子信号传输至每个子信号各自对应的辐射天线子阵中；
    所述第三金属层，用于通过所述多个辐射天线子阵中的辐射单元，将每个子信号转换为多个第一辐射信号向外辐射；
    所述介质基板，用于通过所述多个移相天线对每个辐射单元辐射出去的所述第一辐射信号进行移相处理，将所述多个第一辐射信号转换为多个第二辐射信号，并且将所述多个第二辐射信号向外辐射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第二金属层为脊波导形式的金属波导。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述辐射天线子阵为波导缝隙天线子阵。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述辐射天线子阵的极化方式包括45°极化、水平极化和垂直极化中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，通过所述第二金属层与所述第一金属层中的同一波导功分器相连的两个辐射天线子阵的馈电方向相反。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述移相天线为自移相微带天线。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述移相天线的移相量化数为1bit。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述移相天线的移相量化数为2bit。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第一金属层、所述第二金属层、所述第三金属层、所述介质基板之间通过焊接或螺钉紧固的方式进行固定。
  10. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备包括如权利要求1至9任一所述的阵列天线。
  11. 一种无线回传设备，其特征在于，所述无线回传设备包括如权利要求1至9任一所述的阵列天线。
  12. 一种雷达设备，其特征在于，所述雷达设备包括如权利要求1至9任一所述的阵列天线。
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