WO2021104239A1 - 天线单元和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线单元和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021104239A1
WO2021104239A1 PCT/CN2020/131044 CN2020131044W WO2021104239A1 WO 2021104239 A1 WO2021104239 A1 WO 2021104239A1 CN 2020131044 W CN2020131044 W CN 2020131044W WO 2021104239 A1 WO2021104239 A1 WO 2021104239A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation module
floor
antenna unit
control switch
feeder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131044
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马荣杰
邾志民
Original Assignee
维沃移动通信有限公司
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Application filed by 维沃移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 维沃移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2021104239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021104239A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit and electronic equipment.
  • the prior art millimeter wave antenna AiP module has many layers, generally 8-12 layers.
  • the laminated structure is more complicated, and there are many and complicated types of holes for the connection of the multilayer board, which increases the process difficulty and production consistency of the mass production of AiP modules;
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna unit and an electronic device to solve the problem that the prior art antenna cannot meet the requirements of multi-frequency or broadband, and the beam tilt caused by the imbalance of the feed point and the location.
  • the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • an antenna unit including:
  • a metal isolation wall arranged around the floor and fixedly connected to the floor;
  • the power feeder is provided corresponding to the two ends of the radiation module, and is insulated from the floor;
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including the antenna unit described above;
  • the number of the antenna unit is at least one.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 shows a radiation pattern with a frequency of 26 GHz in a state of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a radiation pattern with a frequency of 39 GHz in a state of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a radiation pattern with a frequency of 26 GHz in the second state of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 shows a radiation pattern with a frequency of 39 GHz in the second state of the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 shows one of the schematic diagrams of the connection between an electronic device and a hotspot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows the second schematic diagram of the connection between the electronic device and the hotspot according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows the third schematic diagram of the connection between the electronic device and the hotspot according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the design of millimeter wave antennas is gradually introduced
  • the effective radiation space allocated by each antenna is often reduced while maintaining the overall competitive size of the system, which in turn reduces the performance of the antenna. This results in degradation of the user's wireless experience.
  • the overall volume of the system is increased, thereby reducing the overall competitiveness of the product.
  • the millimeter wave antenna is often in the form of an independent antenna module. It and the existing antennas, such as cellular antennas, and non-cellular antennas, are often set separately, so it is easier to cause the overall volume of the system. The increase makes the overall competitiveness of the product decline.
  • the main antenna unit of the millimeter wave antenna module is patch antenna patch, Yagi-Uda antenna Yagi-Uda, or dipole antenna.
  • These antenna units are relatively narrow-band antennas, such as conventional patches (generally, the relative bandwidth does not exceed 8%, and the millimeter wave frequency band often needs broadband dual-frequency or multi-frequency form, which brings great challenges to the design of millimeter wave antenna modules.
  • broadband, dual-frequency, and even multi-frequency For patches, it is often necessary to slot on the patch radiator or adopt a stacked structure, which is often difficult to achieve dual-polarization or increase the thickness of the millimeter wave antenna module, which is not conducive to the millimeter wave antenna The miniaturization of the module and the integration of the whole machine.
  • the mainstream millimeter wave antenna design scheme mainly adopts AiP technology and process, that is, the millimeter wave array antenna, radio frequency integrated circuit (Radio Frequency Intergarted Circuit, RFIC) and power management integrated circuit (Power Management Intergarted Circuit, PMIC) are integrated In a module.
  • this module is placed inside the mobile phone, so it will occupy the space of other antennas at present, resulting in the degradation of antenna performance, thereby affecting the user's wireless experience. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna unit and electronic equipment, which can cover all the millimeter wave frequency bands mentioned above, and can also make the antenna meet the dual-frequency dual-polarization requirements, and can also be achieved by controlling the switch 4 to switch the feed point and the location. The pattern can be reconstructed.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit, including:
  • a metal isolation wall 6 arranged around the floor 2 and fixedly connected to the floor 2;
  • the radiation module 3 is arranged in the metal isolation wall 6;
  • the power feeder 5 is provided corresponding to the two ends of the radiation module 3, and is insulated from the floor 2;
  • the control switch 4 is arranged outside the cavity formed by the floor 2 and the metal isolation wall 6, and the power feeder 5 passes through the floor 2 and passes through the control switch 4 and the signal source 7 or signal reference ground connection.
  • the metal isolation wall 6 may be a metal frame enclosed by a plurality of metal pillars 61, or may be a metal frame enclosed in other forms, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the isolation between adjacent antenna units can be improved, and the bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna unit can be greatly increased.
  • the floor 2 and the metal isolation wall 6 together form a metal cavity.
  • the power feeder 5 passes through the floor 2 and is connected to the signal source 7 or the signal reference ground through the control switch 4, which can make the millimeter
  • the wave antenna unit meets the dual-frequency dual-polarization requirements.
  • the radiation module 3 provided in the metal separation wall 6 corresponds to the radiation module through the metal separation wall 6 arranged around the floor 2 and fixedly connected to the floor 2
  • the power feeder 5 provided at both ends of the module 3 is insulated from the floor 2 and can cover multiple frequency bands; and the power feeder 5 is connected to the signal source 7 through the control switch 4 or
  • the signal reference ground connection can be achieved by controlling the switch 4 to switch the feed point (ie the connection point of the control switch 4 and the signal source 7) and the location (ie the connection point of the control switch 4 and the signal reference ground) to realize the reconfigurable pattern; and , Using dual-port feed for the same antenna unit, one can form a MIMO function to increase the data transmission rate, and the other can form a dual polarization, increase the antenna’s wireless connection capability, reduce the probability of communication disconnection, and improve the communication effect and user experience.
  • the radiation module 3 includes:
  • the length of the metal sheet 36 is greater than the length of the feeder 35.
  • a first included angle is formed between the metal sheet 36 and the feeding probe 37, and the first included angle may be 90 degrees, that is, the metal sheet 36 may be parallel to the floor 2, so The feeding probe 37 and the metal sheet 36 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the feeder probe 37 and the feeder line 35 form a second included angle, the second included angle may be 90 degrees, that is, the feeder line 35 may be parallel to the floor 2, and the feeder probe 37 and the feeder 35 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the millimeter-wave antenna unit is fed through the feeder 5. Since the feeder 5 is connected to the feeder 35, it transmits through the feeder 35 for a certain distance, and then connects to the feeder probe 37.
  • the feeding probe 37 is directly connected to the vertical metal sheet 36 of the feeding probe 37; when the number of the feeding probe 37 is multiple, among the multiple feeding probes 37 One part directly feeds the millimeter wave antenna (that is, connected to the signal source 7), and the other part is directly grounded (that is, connected to the antenna reference ground), thereby forming a loop antenna.
  • the radiation module 3 may include: a first radiation module 31 and a second radiation module 32;
  • the metal sheet 36 of the first radiation module 31 and the metal sheet 36 of the second radiation module 32 are fixedly connected to form a cross-shaped structure.
  • the metal sheet 36 of the first radiation module 31 and the metal sheet 36 of the second radiation module 32 are fixedly connected to form a cross-shaped structure
  • the cross-shaped structure includes four ends, each connected to a power feeding portion 5, and the four power feeding portions 5 are located on the X axis and the Y axis of the metal cavity formed by the floor 2 and the metal isolation wall 6.
  • control switch 4 may include:
  • the second control switch 42 the feeder 5 connected to one end of the second radiation module 32, is connected to one of the signal source 7 and the signal reference ground through the second control switch 42,
  • the feeder 5 connected to the other end of the second radiation module 32 is connected to the other of the signal source 7 and the signal reference ground through the second control switch 42;
  • the feeding parts 5 connected to both ends of the first radiation module 31 form a set of vertically polarized feeding structures through the first control switch 41; the feeding parts 5 connected to the second radiation module 32
  • the power feeders 5 at both ends form a group of horizontally polarized power feed structures through the second control switch 42.
  • the number of the radiation modules 3 is two
  • the number of the power feeder 5 is 4, and the number of the control switch 4 is two; wherein the two power feeders 5 are connected respectively At both ends of the first radiation module 31 (that is, the two feeders 5 are respectively connected to the feeders 35 at both ends of the first radiation module 31), the two feeders 5 are both connected to the first control switch 41 ,
  • the first control switch 41 is connected to the signal source 7 or the signal reference ground.
  • the other two power feeders 5 are respectively connected to both ends of the second radiation module 32 (that is, the two power feeders 5 are respectively connected to the feeders 35 at both ends of the second radiation module 32).
  • a loop millimeter wave antenna that is, a cross-shaped metal sheet formed perpendicular to each other.
  • this process of switching the feeder 35 by the feeder 5 and then the feeder probe 37 can be understood as a process of feeding the millimeter wave antenna unit with a folded feeder.
  • the feeding parts 5 connected to the two ends of the first radiation module 31 form a pair of vertically polarized pattern of reconfigurable millimeter wave antenna feeding points and locations, and the first control switch 41 switches and changes the state; when The feeder 5 connected to the first end of the first radiation module 31 is connected to the signal source 7, and the feeder 5 connected to the second end of the first radiation module 31 is connected to the signal reference ground
  • the directional pattern is biased toward the power feeder 5 (ie, the location) connected to the second end of the first radiation module 31, it is called state one; when it is connected to the first end of the first radiation module 31
  • the feeder 5 is connected to the signal reference ground, and when the feeder 5 connected to the second end of the first radiation module 31 is connected to the signal source 7, the directional pattern is biased to that of the first radiation module 31
  • the feeder 5 connected to both ends of the second radiating module 32 constitutes a pair of horizontally polarized directional patterns.
  • the feed point and location of the reconfigurable millimeter wave antenna unit, and its working state is the same as that of the vertical polarization.
  • the time is the same, so I won’t repeat them here.
  • the signal amplitudes on the four feeders 5 are the same.
  • the power feeding portion 5 passes through the through hole 21 and does not contact the hole wall of the through hole 21, and an insulating member may be provided between the power feeding portion 5 and the hole wall, which is not specifically limited here. .
  • the antenna unit may further include:
  • the second insulating medium 12 is arranged between the first insulating medium 11 and the floor 2, and the power feeder 5 passes through the second insulating medium 12 and the floor 2, respectively, and is connected to the control switch 4 connection;
  • the metal isolation wall 6 passes through the first insulating medium 11 and the second insulating medium 12, and the second insulating medium 12 is connected to the floor 2.
  • the first insulating medium 11 is a dielectric material, which is also called a dielectric, and is a material characterized by electric polarization.
  • Dielectric materials transmit, store or record the effects and effects of electric fields through induction rather than conduction.
  • electric polarization is a phenomenon in which the center of positive and negative charges in the molecule undergoes relative displacement under the action of an external electric field to produce an electric dipole moment, and the dielectric constant is the most basic parameter that characterizes the dielectric.
  • the second insulating medium 12 and the first insulating medium 11 may be different dielectric materials, or may be the same dielectric material, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the radiation module 3 may be fully embedded in the first insulating medium 11, or part or all of it may be exposed on the surface of the first insulating medium 11, which is not specifically limited here.
  • connection relationship between the second insulating medium 12 and the floor 2 is equivalent to using printed circuit board processing technology, substrate processing technology, or low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), etc., which can be more flexible Carry out antenna design and laminated design, and the laminated structure is relatively simple, and the processing difficulty is small.
  • LTCC low temperature co-fired ceramic
  • the isolation between adjacent antenna units can be improved by the metal isolation wall 6 arranged around the floor 2 and fixedly connected to the floor 2; and, by being arranged on the metal isolation wall 6
  • the radiation module 3 in the wall 6 corresponds to the power feeder 5 provided at both ends of the radiation module 3.
  • the power feeder 5 is insulated from the floor 2 and the power feeder 5 passes through the
  • the control switch 4 is connected to the signal source 7 or the signal reference ground, and the feed point (ie the connection point of the control switch 4 and the signal source 7) and the location (ie the connection point of the control switch 4 and the signal reference ground) can be switched through the control switch 4
  • the pattern can be reconstructed; and the millimeter wave loop antenna has multiple current paths with different lengths, which can cover 24GHz-29.7GHz at low frequencies, 36GHz-44GHz at high frequencies, and basically cover n257, n258, n260 , N261 and other global mainstream 5G millimeter wave frequency bands that have been defined by 3GPP, thereby improving the user’s mobile communication experience; and, using dual-port feed for the same antenna unit, one can form a MIMO function to increase the data transmission rate, and two It can form dual polarization, increase the wireless connection capability of the antenna, reduce the probability of communication disconnection, and improve the communication effect and user experience.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention can be applied to wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), wireless wide area networks (Wireless Wide Area Network, WWAN), wireless local area networks (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN), Wireless Personal Network (Wireless Personal Area Network, WPAN), MIMO, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), even Near Field Communication (NFC), Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), or Frequency Modulation (Frequency Modulation, FM) and other wireless communication design and applications; and can be applied to the safety and health of the human body, and the compatibility of electronic devices worn (such as hearing aids or heart rate regulators, etc.) regulatory testing and actual design and applications on.
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WWAN wireless wide area networks
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Network
  • MIMO Radio Frequency Identification
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • WPC Wireless Power Consortium
  • FM Frequency Modulation
  • FM Frequency Modulation
  • the number of the antenna unit is at least one.
  • the antenna unit is a millimeter wave antenna unit and the number of millimeter wave antenna units is multiple
  • multiple millimeter wave antenna units may form a millimeter wave array antenna
  • the millimeter wave array antenna may be one or more.
  • the separation distance between any two millimeter wave antenna units can be determined according to the isolation between the millimeter wave antenna units and the performance of the scanning angle of the millimeter wave array antenna.
  • Fig. 4 is a reflection coefficient diagram of one of the millimeter wave antenna units, the abscissa is the frequency band, and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient. Calculated by -10dB, it can cover 24GHz-29.7GHz and 36GHz-44GHz.
  • the antenna unit can basically cover the global mainstream 5G millimeter wave frequency bands such as n257, n258, n260, and n261, thereby enhancing the user's mobile communication experience.
  • Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern with a frequency of 26GHz in the first state, S1 is the radiation range;
  • Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern with a frequency of 39GHz in the first state, and S2 is a radiation range;
  • Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern with a frequency of 26GHz in the second state, S3 is the radiation range;
  • Figure 8 is the radiation pattern with a frequency of 39 GHz in the second state, and S4 is the radiation range.
  • the switch 4 can be controlled to switch between state one and state two to achieve efficient connection of 5G electronic devices with 5G millimeter wave hotspots on the upper building or on the ground.
  • the isolation between adjacent antenna units can be improved through the metal isolation wall 6 arranged around the floor 2 and fixedly connected to the floor 2; and
  • the radiation module 3 arranged in the metal isolation wall 6 corresponds to the power feeder 5 provided at both ends of the radiation module 3.
  • the power feeder 5 is insulated from the floor 2 and the feeder
  • the electrical part 5 is connected to the signal source 7 or the signal reference ground through the control switch 4, and the feed point (that is, the connection point between the control switch 4 and the signal source 7) and the location (that is, the control switch 4 and the signal reference ground) can be performed through the control switch 4.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate the mobile phone as a specific example of the electronic device of the present invention.
  • the mobile phone can also be applied to other electronic devices, such as tablet computers and e-books.
  • moving picture experts compress standard audio layer 3 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III, MP3) players
  • moving picture experts compress standard audio layer 4 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV, MP4) players
  • laptops Portable computers, vehicle-mounted computers, desktop computers, set-top boxes, smart TVs, wearable devices, etc. are all within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种天线单元和电子设备，涉及通信技术领域。该天线单元包括：地板；设置于地板四周，并与地板固定连接的金属隔离墙；辐射模组，设置于金属隔离墙内；馈电部，对应于辐射模组的两端分别设置，且与地板绝缘；控制开关，设置于地板与金属隔离墙构成的腔体外，馈电部穿过地板，并通过控制开关与信号源或者信号参考地连接。

Description

天线单元和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2019年11月29日在中国提交的中国专利申请号No.201911198712.8的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种天线单元和电子设备。
背景技术
目前，现有技术的毫米波天线封装天线(Antenna in Package，AiP)模组具有如下缺点：
现有技术的带宽窄，目前高通AiP的方案仅能够覆盖n258(24.25GHz-27.5GHz)n260(37.0GHz-40.0GHz)、n261(27.5GHz-28.35GHz)频段，不能全部覆盖第三代伙伴组织计划(Third Generation Partnership Projects，3GPP)已经定义的全球主流5G毫米波频段n257(26.5GHz-29.5GHz)、n258、n260、n261等多频或宽频的设计，影响用户的移动漫游体验；
现有技术的毫米波天线AiP模组层数较多，一般为8-12层。同时叠层结构较复杂，多层板连接的打孔类型较多且复杂，增加了AiP模组的量产的工艺难度与生产一致性；
目前AiP天线模组只有通过相移器才可以实现波束赋形，不能实现毫米波天线波束的倾斜，多个AiP模组一起工作才可以增大覆盖范围。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种天线单元和电子设备，以解决现有技术的天线不能满足多频或者宽频，以及馈点和地点不平衡导致波束倾斜的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明是这样实现的：
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种天线单元，包括：
地板；
设置于所述地板四周，并与所述地板固定连接的金属隔离墙；
辐射模组，设置于所述金属隔离墙内；
馈电部，对应于所述辐射模组的两端分别设置，且与所述地板绝缘；
控制开关，设置于所述地板与所述金属隔离墙构成的腔体外，所述馈电部穿过所述地板，并通过所述控制开关与信号源或者信号参考地连接。
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括如上所述的天线单元；
其中，所述天线单元的数量为至少一个。
这样，本发明实施例中，通过设置于所述地板四周，并与所述地板固定连接的金属隔离墙，设置于所述金属隔离墙内的辐射模组，对应于所述辐射模组的两端分别设置的馈电部，馈电部与所述地板绝缘，可以覆盖多个频段；并且，所述馈电部通过所述控制开关与信号源或者信号参考地连接，可以通过控制开关进行馈点(即控制开关与信号源的连接点)和地点(即控制开关与信号参考地连接点)切换来实现方向图可重构；并且，对同一个天线单元使用双端口馈电，一可形成多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)功能，以提升数据的传输速率，二可构成双极化，增加天线的无线连接能力，减少通信断线的机率，提升通信效果和用户体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1表示本发明实施例的天线单元的剖视图；
图2表示本发明实施例的天线单元的结构示意图；
图3表示本发明实施例的毫米波阵列天线的结构示意图；
图4表示本发明实施例的天线单元的反射系数图；
图5表示本发明实施例的状态一时频率为26GHz的辐射方向图；
图6表示本发明实施例的状态一时频率为39GHz的辐射方向图；
图7表示本发明实施例的状态二时频率为26GHz的辐射方向图；
图8表示本发明实施例的状态二时频率为39GHz的辐射方向图；
图9表示本发明实施例的电子设备与热点的连接示意图之一；
图10表示本发明实施例的电子设备与热点的连接示意图之二；
图11表示本发明实施例的电子设备与热点的连接示意图之三；
附图标记说明：
11-第一绝缘介质，12-第二绝缘介质，2-地板，21-通孔，3-辐射模组，31-第一辐射模组，32-第二辐射模组，35-馈线，36-金属片，37-馈电探针，4-控制开关，41-第一控制开关，42-第二控制开关，5-馈电部，6-金属隔离墙，61-金属柱，7-信号源。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
目前，全金属、高屏占比、超薄机身、与多天线通讯已成为电子设备的现今主流与未来趋势，且随着第五代移动通信5G的发展，毫米波天线的设计渐渐被引入到一些小的电子设备上，如手机、平板、甚至是笔记本电脑，故而在保持系统整体有竞争力的尺寸下，各天线所分得的有效辐射空间往往因而更加减少，进而使得天线性能下降，而造成用户无线体验的劣化。或是为容纳多个分立的天线，而增加系统整体的体积尺寸，故而使产品整体竞争力下降。毫米波天线往往是一独立天线模块的形态，其与既存的天线，如蜂窝(cellular)天线，与非蜂窝(non-cellular)天线，常为分立设置，故较易造成系统整体的体积尺寸的增加，使得产品整体竞争力下降。
并且，在目前规划的5G毫米波段有以28GHz为主的n257(26.5-29.5GHz),n258(24.25-27.5GHz),与n261(27.5-28.35GHz)频段及以39GHz为主的n260(37.0-40.0GHz)与暂定的n259(40.5-43.5GHz)等频段。故除了上述的无线性能的空间维度要求，尚有频率维度的漫游需求。毫米波天线模组的主要 天线单元贴片天线patch、八木宇田天线Yagi-Uda、或者偶极子天线dipole，这些天线单元相对而言皆是窄带天线，比如常规的patch(一般相对带宽基本不超过8％，而毫米波频段往往需求宽带的双频或者多频的形式，这给毫米波天线模组的设计带来了很大的挑战。为了满足宽频带、双频、甚至多频的需求，对于patch来说，往往需要在patch的辐射片上开槽或者采用叠层stacked的结构，这往往难以实现双极化dual-polarization或是会增加毫米波天线模组的厚度，故不利于毫米波天线模组的小型化及整机集成。
目前主流毫米波的天线设计方案主要是采用AiP的技术与工艺，即把毫米波的阵列天线，射频集成电路(Radiao Frquency Intergarted Circuit，RFIC)以及电源管理集成电路(Power Management Intergarted Circuit，PMIC)集成在一个模块内。在实际应用中，便将此模块置入手机内部，故会占据了目前其他天线的空间，导致天线性能的下降，从而影响用户的无线体验。因此，本发明实施例提供了一种天线单元和电子设备，能够覆盖上述所有毫米波频段，还能够使得天线满足双频双极化要求，还能够通过控制开关4进行馈点和地点切换来实现方向图可重构。
具体的，如图1至3所示，本发明实施例提供了一种天线单元，包括：
地板2；
设置于所述地板2四周，并与所述地板2固定连接的金属隔离墙6；
辐射模组3，设置于所述金属隔离墙6内；
馈电部5，对应于所述辐射模组3的两端分别设置，且与所述地板2绝缘；
控制开关4，设置于所述地板2与所述金属隔离墙6构成的腔体外，所述馈电部5穿过所述地板2，并通过所述控制开关4与信号源7或者信号参考地连接。
可选的，所述金属隔离墙6可以为多个金属柱61围成的金属框，也可以为其他形式围成的金属框，在此并不具体限定。
可选的，所述天线单元可以为毫米波天线单元，在所述毫米波天线单元为多个的情况下，多个所述毫米波天线单元形成毫米波阵列天线。
具体的，通过所述金属隔离墙6与地板2固定连接，可以提升相邻的天 线单元之间的隔离度，并且可以使得毫米波天线单元的带宽大幅增加。所述地板2与所述金属隔离墙6共同构成金属腔体，所述馈电部5穿过所述地板2，并通过所述控制开关4与信号源7或者信号参考地连接，可以使得毫米波天线单元满足双频双极化要求。
本发明上述实施例中，通过设置于所述地板2四周，并与所述地板2固定连接的金属隔离墙6，设置于所述金属隔离墙6内的辐射模组3，对应于所述辐射模组3的两端分别设置的馈电部5，馈电部5与所述地板2绝缘，可以覆盖多个频段；并且，所述馈电部5通过所述控制开关4与信号源7或者信号参考地连接，可以通过控制开关4进行馈点(即控制开关4与信号源7的连接点)和地点(即控制开关4与信号参考地连接点)切换来实现方向图可重构；并且，对同一个天线单元使用双端口馈电，一可形成MIMO功能，以提升数据的传输速率，二可构成双极化，增加天线的无线连接能力，减少通信断线的机率，提升通信效果和用户体验。
可选的，如图1和2所示，所述辐射模组3包括：
金属片36；
馈电探针37，所述金属片36的两端分别设置有所述馈电探针37；
馈线35，所述馈线35的一端与所述馈电探针37连接，另一端与所述馈电部5连接。
可选的，如图1和2所示，在同一所述辐射模组3中，所述金属片36的长度大于所述馈线35的长度。
具体的，所述金属片36与所述馈电探针37之间形成第一夹角，所述第一夹角可以为90度，即所述金属片36可以与所述地板2平行，所述馈电探针37与所述金属片36互相垂直。所述馈电探针37与所述馈线35之间形成第二夹角，所述第二夹角可以为90度，即所述馈线35可以与所述地板2平行，所述馈电探针37与所述馈线35互相垂直。
具体的，通过馈电部5馈入毫米波天线单元，由于所述馈电部5与所述馈线35连接，经过所述馈线35的一段距离的传输，然后跟馈电探针37连接，通过所述馈电探针37直接对于所述馈电探针37垂直的金属片36相连接；在所述馈电探针37的数量为多个的情况下，多个馈电探针37的其中一 部分直接对毫米波天线馈电(即与信号源7连接)，另外一部分直接接地(即与天线参考地连接)，从而形成一个环形天线。
可选的，如图1至3所示，所述辐射模组3可以包括：第一辐射模组31和第二辐射模组32；
其中，所述第一辐射模组31的金属片36和所述第二辐射模组32的金属片36固定连接形成十字形结构。
具体的，在所述辐射模组3的数量为两个的情况下，所述第一辐射模组31的金属片36和所述第二辐射模组32的金属片36固定连接形成十字形结构，十字形结构包括四端，分别各连接一个馈电部5，四个馈电部5位于所述地板2与所述金属隔离墙6构成的金属腔的X轴与Y轴上。
可选的，如图1所示，所述控制开关4可以包括：
第一控制开关41，与所述第一辐射模组31的一端连接的馈电部5，通过所述第一控制开关41与所述信号源7和所述信号参考地中的一者连接，与所述第一辐射模组31的另一端连接的馈电部5，通过所述第一控制开关41与所述信号源7和所述信号参考地中的另一者连接；
第二控制开关42，与所述第二辐射模组32的一端连接的馈电部5，通过所述第二控制开关42与所述信号源7和所述信号参考地中的一者连接，与所述第二辐射模组32的另一端连接的馈电部5，通过所述第二控制开关42与所述信号源7和所述信号参考地中的另一者连接；
其中，连接于所述第一辐射模组31的两端的馈电部5，通过所述第一控制开关41形成一组垂直极化的馈电结构；连接于所述第二辐射模组32的两端的馈电部5，通过所述第二控制开关42形成一组水平极化的馈电结构。
具体的，在所述辐射模组3的数量为两个的情况下，所述馈电部5的数量为4个，控制开关4的数量为两个；其中，两个馈电部5分别连接在所述第一辐射模组31的两端(即两个馈电部5分别与第一辐射模组31两端的馈线35连接)，上述两个馈电部5均与第一控制开关41连接，通过所述第一控制开关41与信号源7或者信号参考地连接。另外两个馈电部5分别连接在所述第二辐射模组32的两端(即两个馈电部5分别与第二辐射模组32两端的馈线35连接)，上述两个馈电部5均与第二控制开关42连接，通过所述第二 控制开关42与信号源7或者信号参考地连接。即，4个馈电部5中有两个直接对毫米波天线单元馈电，另外两个直接接地，从而形成一个环形毫米波天线，即是相互垂直形成的十字形结构金属片。
具体的，这种由馈电部5转接馈线35再转接馈电探针37的过程，可以理解为一个折叠馈线对毫米波天线单元进行馈电的过程。连接于所述第一辐射模组31的两端的馈电部5构成一对垂直极化的方向图可重构毫米波天线的馈点和地点，由第一控制开关41进行切换变更状态；当与所述第一辐射模组31的第一端连接的馈电部5与信号源7连接，且与所述第一辐射模组31的第二端连接的馈电部5与信号参考地连接时，方向图偏向与所述第一辐射模组31的第二端连接的馈电部5(即地点)，称为状态一；当与所述第一辐射模组31的第一端连接的馈电部5与信号参考地连接，且与所述第一辐射模组31的第二端连接的馈电部5与信号源7连接时，方向图偏向与所述第一辐射模组31的第一端连接的馈电部5(即地点)，称为状态二。同理，与所述第二辐射模组32的两端连接的馈电部5构成一对水平极化的方向图可重构毫米波天线单元的馈点和地点，其工作状态与垂直极化时相同，在此不做赘述。其中，四个馈电部5上的信号幅度相同。
可选的，所述地板2设置有通孔21，所述馈电部5穿过所述通孔21与所述控制开关4连接。
具体的，所述馈电部5穿过所述通孔21且不与所述通孔21的孔壁接触，可以在馈电部5与孔壁之间设置绝缘部件，在此不做具体限定。
可选的，如图1所示，所述天线单元还可以包括：
第一绝缘介质11，所述辐射模组3的至少一部分裸露在所述第一绝缘介质11的表面，或者所述辐射模组3设置在所述第一绝缘介质11内部；
设置于所述第一绝缘介质11与所述地板2之间的第二绝缘介质12，所述馈电部5分别穿过所述第二绝缘介质12和所述地板2，与所述控制开关4连接；
所述金属隔离墙6穿设于所述第一绝缘介质11和所述第二绝缘介质12中，且所述第二绝缘介质12与所述地板2连接。
具体的，所述第一绝缘介质11为介电材料，介电材料又叫电介质，是以 电极化为特征的材料。介电材料是通过感应而非传导的方式传递、存储或记录电场的作用和影响。其中电极化是在外电场作用下，分子中正负电荷中心发生相对位移而产生电偶极矩的现象，而介电常数是表征电介质的最基本参数。其中，所述第二绝缘介质12和所述第一绝缘介质11可以为不同的介电材料，也可以为相同的介电材料，在此不做具体限定。
具体的，所述辐射模组3可以全部嵌入所述第一绝缘介质11中，也可以将其中的一部分或者全部裸露在所述第一绝缘介质11的表面，在此不做具体限定。
具体的，通过第二绝缘介质12与地板2连接的关系，相当于采用印刷电路板的加工工艺、基板加工工艺或者低温共烧陶瓷(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic，LTCC)等，可以更加灵活的进行天线设计和叠层设计，并且，叠层结构比较简单，加工难度小。
本发明实施例中，通过设置于所述地板2四周，并与所述地板2固定连接的金属隔离墙6，可以提高相邻天线单元之间的隔离度；并且，通过设置于所述金属隔离墙6内的辐射模组3，对应于所述辐射模组3的两端分别设置的馈电部5，馈电部5与所述地板2绝缘，并且，所述馈电部5通过所述控制开关4与信号源7或者信号参考地连接，可以通过控制开关4进行馈点(即控制开关4与信号源7的连接点)和地点(即控制开关4与信号参考地连接点)切换来实现方向图可重构；并且，毫米波环形天线存在多条不同长度的电流路径，可以在低频处覆盖24GHz-29.7GHz，在高频处可以覆盖36GHz-44GHz，基本可以覆盖n257、n258、n260、n261等3GPP已经定义的全球主流5G毫米波频段，从而提升了用户的移动通信体验；并且，对同一个天线单元使用双端口馈电，一可形成MIMO功能，以提升数据的传输速率，二可构成双极化，增加天线的无线连接能力，减少通信断线的机率，提升通信效果和用户体验。
并且，本发明上述实施例，可应用于无线城际网路(Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks，WMAN)、无线广域网路(Wireless Wide Area Network，WWAN)、无线区域网路(Wireless Local Area Network，WLAN)、无线个人网路(Wireless Personal Area Network，WPAN)、MIMO、射频识别(Radio Frequency  Identification，RFID)，甚至是近场通信(Near Field Communication，NFC)、无线充电(Wireless Power Consortium，WPC)，或调频(Frequency Modulation，FM)等无线通信设计与应用上；并且，可应用于对人体安全、健康，与佩戴的电子器件(如助听器或心率调整器等)相容性的法规测试与实际设计及应用上。
本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括如上任一实施例中所述的天线单元；
其中，所述天线单元的数量为至少一个。
具体的，在天线单元为毫米波天线单元，且毫米波天线单元的数量为多个的情况下，多个毫米波天线单元可以形成毫米波阵列天线，所述毫米波阵列天线可以为一个或多个。其中，任意两个毫米波天线单元之间的间隔距离可以根据毫米波天线单元之间的隔离度以及毫米波阵列天线的扫描角度的性能来确定。
具体的，图4为其中一个毫米波天线单元的反射系数图，横坐标为频段，纵坐标为反射系数。以-10dB计算，可以覆盖24GHz-29.7GHz和36GHz-44GHz，该天线单元基本可以覆盖n257、n258、n260、n261等全球主流5G毫米波频段，从而提升了用户的移动通信体验。图5为状态一时频率为26GHz的辐射方向图，S1为辐射范围；图6为状态一时频率为39GHz的辐射方向图，S2为辐射范围；图7为状态二时频率为26GHz的辐射方向图，S3为辐射范围；图8为状态二时频率为39GHz的辐射方向图，S4为辐射范围。
如图9所示，为5G电子设备水平放置时(即位于XY平面)，其扫描方向为XY平面，而5G热点(即5G毫米波热点)通常位于上侧的建筑物上或者地面上；若其方向图为正X轴方向时，此时存在无法有效建立连接的情况。如图10和11所示，可以通过控制开关4在切换状态一和状态二，以此来实现5G电子设备与上侧的建筑物上或者地面上的5G毫米波热点的高效连接。
综上所述，本发明上述实施例中，通过设置于所述地板2四周，并与所述地板2固定连接的金属隔离墙6，可以提高相邻天线单元之间的隔离度；并且，通过设置于所述金属隔离墙6内的辐射模组3，对应于所述辐射模组3的两端分别设置的馈电部5，馈电部5与所述地板2绝缘，并且，所述馈电部 5通过所述控制开关4与信号源7或者信号参考地连接，可以通过控制开关4进行馈点(即控制开关4与信号源7的连接点)和地点(即控制开关4与信号参考地连接点)切换来实现方向图可重构；并且，毫米波环形天线存在多条不同长度的电流路径，可以在低频处覆盖24GHz-29.7GHz，在高频处可以覆盖36GHz-44GHz，基本可以覆盖n257、n258、n260、n261等3GPP已经定义的全球主流5G毫米波频段，从而提升了用户的移动通信体验；并且，对同一个天线单元使用双端口馈电，一可形成MIMO功能，以提升数据的传输速率，二可构成双极化，增加天线的无线连接能力，减少通信断线的机率，提升通信效果和用户体验。
为了便于说明，上述实施例是将手机作为本发明电子设备的具体实例进行说明，本领域技术人员可以理解，除了手机作为电子设备之外，亦可适用于其它电子设备，如平板电脑、电子书阅读器、动态影像专家压缩标准音频层面3(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III，MP3)播放器、动态影像专家压缩标准音频层面4(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV，MP4)播放器、膝上型便携计算机、车载电脑、台式计算机、机顶盒、智能电视机、可穿戴设备等等均在本发明实施例的保护范围之内。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
尽管已描述了本发明实施例的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明实施例范围的所有变更和修改。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或 者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述的是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出对于本技术领域的普通人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述的原理前提下还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线单元，包括：
    地板(2)；
    设置于所述地板(2)四周，并与所述地板(2)固定连接的金属隔离墙(6)；
    辐射模组(3)，设置于所述金属隔离墙(6)内；
    馈电部(5)，对应于所述辐射模组(3)的两端分别设置，且与所述地板(2)绝缘；
    控制开关(4)，设置于所述地板(2)与所述金属隔离墙(6)构成的腔体外，所述馈电部(5)穿过所述地板(2)，并通过所述控制开关(4)与信号源(7)或者信号参考地连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述辐射模组(3)包括：
    金属片(36)；
    馈电探针(37)，所述金属片(36)的两端分别设置有所述馈电探针(37)；
    馈线(35)，所述馈线(35)的一端与所述馈电探针(37)连接，另一端与所述馈电部(5)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线单元，其中，在同一所述辐射模组(3)中，所述金属片(36)的长度大于所述馈线(35)的长度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线单元，其中，所述辐射模组(3)包括：第一辐射模组(31)和第二辐射模组(32)；
    其中，所述第一辐射模组(31)的金属片(36)和所述第二辐射模组(32)的金属片(36)固定连接形成十字形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线单元，其中，所述控制开关(4)包括：
    第一控制开关(41)，与所述第一辐射模组(31)的一端连接的馈电部(5)，通过所述第一控制开关(41)与所述信号源(7)和所述信号参考地中的一者连接，与所述第一辐射模组(31)的另一端连接的馈电部(5)，通过所述第一控制开关(41)与所述信号源(7)和所述信号参考地中的另一者连接；
    第二控制开关(42)，与所述第二辐射模组(32)的一端连接的馈电部(5)， 通过所述第二控制开关(42)与所述信号源(7)和所述信号参考地中的一者连接，与所述第二辐射模组(32)的另一端连接的馈电部(5)，通过所述第二控制开关(42)与所述信号源(7)和所述信号参考地中的另一者连接；
    其中，连接于所述第一辐射模组(31)的两端的馈电部(5)，通过所述第一控制开关(41)形成一组垂直极化的馈电结构；连接于所述第二辐射模组(32)的两端的馈电部(5)，通过所述第二控制开关(42)形成一组水平极化的馈电结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述地板(2)设置有通孔(21)，所述馈电部(5)穿过所述通孔(21)与所述控制开关(4)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述天线单元还包括：
    第一绝缘介质(11)，所述辐射模组(3)的至少一部分裸露在所述第一绝缘介质(11)的表面，或者所述辐射模组(3)设置在所述第一绝缘介质(11)内部；
    设置于所述第一绝缘介质(11)与所述地板(2)之间的第二绝缘介质(12)，所述馈电部(5)分别穿过所述第二绝缘介质(12)和所述地板(2)，与所述控制开关(4)连接；
    所述金属隔离墙(6)穿设于所述第一绝缘介质(11)和所述第二绝缘介质(12)中，且所述第二绝缘介质(12)与所述地板(2)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述金属隔离墙(6)为多个金属柱(61)围成的金属框。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的天线单元，其中，所述天线单元为毫米波天线单元。
  10. 一种电子设备，包括如权利要求1至9任一项所述的天线单元；
    其中，所述天线单元的数量为至少一个。
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