WO2021103826A1 - 电池模块、电池组以及车辆 - Google Patents

电池模块、电池组以及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103826A1
WO2021103826A1 PCT/CN2020/120323 CN2020120323W WO2021103826A1 WO 2021103826 A1 WO2021103826 A1 WO 2021103826A1 CN 2020120323 W CN2020120323 W CN 2020120323W WO 2021103826 A1 WO2021103826 A1 WO 2021103826A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermistor
battery module
top cover
pressing member
module according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/120323
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯羽佳
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20891945.6A priority Critical patent/EP3934004B1/en
Publication of WO2021103826A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103826A1/zh
Priority to US17/563,500 priority patent/US20220123381A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the normal operating temperature of the battery module is between -30°C and 55°C. If the temperature exceeds the limit temperature, the battery module will limit the discharge power to realize the safety protection of the battery module.
  • the battery module adopts the following method to collect temperature: the temperature on the connecting piece is collected through the thermistor provided on the flexible circuit board, and the temperature of the connecting piece is used as the temperature inside the battery.
  • the temperature on the connection chip is relatively high, while the temperature inside the battery is relatively low. If the difference between the two is large, the battery module will limit the power in advance, which will affect the performance of the battery module.
  • This application proposes a battery module, a battery pack, and a vehicle.
  • the present application proposes a battery module, which includes: a battery, including a top cover; a wiring harness board arranged on the outer side of the top cover; a circuit board; a pressing member connected to the upper side of the wiring harness board; and a temperature collection component, including a thermal sensor
  • the resistor and the thermistor are electrically connected to the circuit board, and the thermistor is arranged between the top cover and the pressing member; the pressing member presses the thermistor so that the thermistor and the top cover are pressed tightly.
  • the thermistor of the temperature collection component is pressed to the top cover of the battery by the pressing member installed on the wiring harness board, and the temperature of the top cover is collected by the thermistor.
  • the temperature of the top cover is more consistent with the temperature inside the battery, and the top cover can reflect the change and height of the internal temperature of the battery in time. If the internal temperature of the battery increases, the temperature of the top cover will increase in time; if the internal temperature of the battery decreases, the temperature of the top cover will decrease in time.
  • the temperature of the top cover changes in time as the temperature inside the battery changes.
  • the temperature collection component transmits the collected temperature to the circuit board and other components for subsequent analysis, processing and judgment.
  • a avoiding structure is provided on the wiring harness board; the thermistor passes through the avoiding structure and is pressed against the top cover. With this arrangement, the thermistor can be pressed on the top cover through the avoiding structure, and the structure is simple and reliable.
  • the avoidance structure is a through hole provided on the wire harness board. With this arrangement, the avoidance structure is simple and easy to prepare.
  • the temperature collection component further includes: a thermally conductive pad, which is arranged between the thermistor and the top cover.
  • the thermal pad has good thermal conductivity and elasticity. The thermal pad can make reliable contact between the thermal pad and the top cover, and between the thermal pad and the thermistor, so that the thermistor can accurately collect the temperature of the top cover of the battery.
  • the thermistor is electrically connected to the circuit board through a wire, and the pressing member presses the thermal pad to the top cover through the thermistor.
  • the electrical connection between the thermistor and the circuit board can be realized through the wire, and the temperature of the top cover can be collected through the resistance change of the thermistor.
  • the thermistor is fixed to the circuit board to realize electrical connection between the thermistor and the circuit board, and the pressing member presses the thermal pad to the top cover through the thermistor.
  • the thermistor and the circuit board can be electrically connected, and the temperature of the top cover can be collected through the resistance change of the thermistor.
  • the pressing member is provided with an installation groove, and the thermistor is arranged in the installation groove.
  • the setting of the installation slot can limit the circumferential direction of the thermistor resistance, and can exert a pressing force on the thermistor, so that after the thermistor is installed in place, it will not move, so as not to affect the temperature collection operating.
  • the battery module further includes: an elastic pad located between the bottom of the mounting groove and the thermistor.
  • the arrangement of the elastic pad can not only compress the thermistor, but also enable the varistor to have a certain size change in the Z direction, so that the thermistor can reliably collect the temperature of the top cover.
  • the circuit board includes a substrate and a cantilever connected to the substrate, and the thermistor is mounted on the free end of the cantilever.
  • the thermistor has a free amount of swinging up and down with the cantilever. In this way, the thermistor can reliably abut the top cover under the action of the pressing member, and it is not easy to break.
  • the base plate is disposed between the wire harness plate and the pressing member, the base plate is provided with a through hole, the cantilever is disposed in the through hole, the connecting end of the cantilever is connected to the inner wall of the through hole, and the free end of the cantilever is connected to the through hole. There are gaps between the inner walls. With this arrangement, the cantilever can be arranged on the substrate, and the preparation process is simple and convenient.
  • the wiring harness plate is provided with a first connecting part and a second connecting part;
  • the pressing member includes a first connecting end and a second connecting end, the first connecting end is rotatably connected with the first connecting part, and the second connecting The end is fixedly connected with the second connecting part.
  • the pressing piece is rotatably connected to the first connecting portion of the wiring harness plate through the first connecting end. This connection enables the pressing piece to rotate relative to the wiring harness plate even after the two are connected in place, which is convenient for components such as thermistors installation.
  • the pressing member is clamped with the second connecting part of the wire harness plate through the second connecting end.
  • the battery module temperature collection component can work normally.
  • the first connecting portion includes a protrusion facing the pressing member, and the protrusion is provided with a connecting hole; the first connecting end includes a pivoting portion, and the pivoting portion is rotatably installed in the connecting hole. In this way, not only can the first connecting portion and the first connecting end be rotatably connected, but also the structure is simple and reliable.
  • the hole wall of the connecting hole is provided with an opening groove, so that the pivot part is rotatably installed in the connecting hole through the opening groove. In this way, the assembly of the pivoting portion and the connecting hole is convenient and quick.
  • the opening direction of the opening groove is away from the top cover.
  • pivoting parts there are two pivoting parts, and the central axes of the two pivoting parts are collinear; the connecting holes and the pivoting parts are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. This arrangement can make the pivotable connection between the pivotal portion and the connecting hole more reliable and the rotation more stable.
  • the second connection part includes a clamping part, and the clamping part is clamped to the second connection end.
  • the card connection method is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and the connection is reliable.
  • the second connecting end includes an inner concave portion, and the clamping portion is connected to the inner concave portion in a clamping connection.
  • the battery pack provided by this application by collecting the temperature of the top cover, makes the entire temperature collection and transmission path short, and the temperature response speed is fast. When the subsequent processing is performed based on the collected temperature, the control is more accurate, so it can effectively reduce or even avoid The occurrence of the power limitation of the battery module in advance enables the efficiency of the battery module to be effectively exerted, and the structure and performance of the battery module are effectively optimized.
  • Still other embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, including: a power source, which provides power for the vehicle; and a battery pack provided by any technical solution of the present application, the battery pack is configured to supply power to the power source.
  • the battery pack collects the temperature of the top cover, thereby making the entire temperature collection and transmission path short, and the temperature response speed is fast.
  • the control is more accurate, so it can effectively reduce the It even avoids the occurrence of battery module power limitation in advance, so that the performance of the battery module can be effectively exerted, and the structure and performance of the battery module are effectively optimized, thereby optimizing the performance of the vehicle using the battery pack and increasing the reliability of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the thermistor of the battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressing member of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery module wiring harness board provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of one battery of the battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of B-B in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of C in FIG. 7.
  • the inventor of the present application found that in some cases, at least the following problem exists: due to the limitation of the internal space size of the battery module, and considering the influence of manufacturing and cost, the width and thickness of the connecting sheet cannot be large. Under lower working conditions, such as 1C discharge, the temperature of the connecting piece is close to the temperature inside the battery. However, if a higher discharge rate is used, the temperature of the connecting piece is much higher than the temperature inside the battery. Under high-power conditions, due to the limitation of the overcurrent area of the connecting piece, the temperature of the connecting piece will rise sharply, while the temperature inside the battery rises slowly. The temperature difference between the two is huge, which will cause the battery module to be restricted in advance Power, thereby affecting the discharge power of the battery module. Therefore, how to detect the temperature inside the battery is an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved in the industry.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, which includes a battery 1, a wiring harness board 2, a circuit board 3, a pressing member 4 and a temperature collection assembly 5.
  • the battery 1 includes a top cover 11.
  • the wire harness board 2 is provided on the outside of the top of the top cover 11, and the wire harness board 2 is provided with a first connecting portion 21 and a second connecting portion 22.
  • the circuit board 3 is arranged on the side of the wiring harness board 2 away from the battery 1. 2 and 3, the pressing member 4 includes a first connecting end 41 and a second connecting end 42.
  • the first connecting end 41 is rotatably connected to the first connecting portion 21, and the second connecting end 42 is rotatably connected to the second connecting portion 22.
  • the temperature collecting component 5 includes a thermistor 51, and the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3. As shown in FIG. The pressing member 4 presses the thermistor 51 so that the thermistor 51 and the top cover 11 are pressed tightly.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic top view of one of the batteries 1 of the battery module
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6.
  • the structure of the battery 1 is as follows: the battery 1 includes a casing 12, an electrode assembly (not shown) arranged inside the casing 12, a top cover 11 disposed on the top of the electrode assembly, an electrode terminal 13 disposed on the top cover 11, and The top patch 14 on the top of the top cover 11. Specifically, the top patch 14 is attached to the top of the top cover 11.
  • the top cover 11 and the housing 12 are welded and fixed.
  • the top cover 11 is also provided with an explosion-proof valve 15, and the top patch 14 is provided with an explosion-proof hole, so that the explosion-proof valve is exposed in the explosion-proof hole.
  • the top patch 14 is also provided with two electrode terminal through holes 141, and each electrode terminal through hole 141 is installed with an electrode terminal 13. As shown in FIG. 6, the electrode terminal 13 includes a positive electrode terminal 131 and a negative electrode terminal 132.
  • the material of the top patch 14 is, for example, an insulating material.
  • the top patch 14 is sheet-shaped, and its size matches the size of the top surface of the top cover 11.
  • the size of the top patch 14 is slightly larger than the size of the top surface of the top cover 11, so that the top patch 14 has a sufficient size to form a bent edge to cover the top cover 11, so that the top patch 14 and the top cover 11 Reliable connection.
  • the top patch 14 functions as an insulation and prevents the top cover 11 from short-circuiting with external circuits. On the other hand, the top patch 14 also functions to protect the top cover 11 and prevent the top cover 11 from being scratched.
  • the battery 1 is divided into a laminated battery and a wound battery.
  • the laminated battery is to cut the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, and the separator into a predetermined size, and then laminate the positive pole piece, the separator, and the negative pole piece to form a battery.
  • the wound battery is formed by winding the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, and the separator.
  • the top patch 14 is provided with an opening to expose a part of the top cover 11 as a temperature sampling location.
  • the opening is, for example, opened at any position of the top patch 14, but the temperature of the entire surface of the top cover 11 is not completely consistent.
  • the opening K is provided adjacent to the negative electrode terminal 132, for example.
  • the temperature on the top cover 11 of the battery 1 near the negative electrode terminal 132 is closer to the real temperature inside the battery 1, and the temperature difference between the two under severe working conditions is within an acceptable 5°C.
  • the temperature collection component 5 is installed at the above opening, so that the temperature collected by the temperature collection component 5 is also less different from the internal temperature of the battery 1, and the temperature collected by the temperature collection component 5 more accurately reflects the temperature inside the battery 1. This also enables the subsequent circuit board 3 to perform analysis and processing based on the temperature data collected by the temperature collection component 5, and the obtained data is more accurate and the control is more precise, which effectively reduces the occurrence of the battery module limiting the discharge power in advance.
  • the circuit board 3 may adopt a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) (Flexible Printed Circuit Board, referred to as FPC) or a printed circuit board 3 (Printed Circuit Board, referred to as PCB), for example.
  • FPC Flexible Printed Circuit Board
  • PCB board has higher rigidity and higher hardness; FPC board has higher flexibility and lower hardness.
  • the circuit board 3 is, for example, a long strip, and the circuit board 3 is located in the middle area of the wiring harness board 2.
  • the first connecting portion 21 includes a protrusion 211 facing the pressing member 4, and the protrusion 211 is provided with a connecting hole 211a.
  • the protrusion direction of the protrusion 211 is away from the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the first connecting end 41 includes a pivoting portion 411, and the pivoting portion 411 is rotatably installed in the connecting hole 211a.
  • the pivoting portion 411 is, for example, a cylindrical or other columnar structure.
  • the pivotal portion 411 and the connecting hole 211a form a shaft-hole fitting relationship similar to that of a pivotal shaft and a hole.
  • the pivot portion 411 can freely rotate in the connecting hole 211a.
  • the protrusion 211 includes an elongated main body portion 211c and bending portions 211d provided at both ends of the main body portion 211c.
  • Each bending portion 211d is formed with a connecting hole 211a.
  • the bending portion 211d also has a strip structure, and the connecting hole 211a is formed at the end of the bending portion 211d.
  • the angle at which the pivot portion 411 can rotate freely in the connecting hole 211a is not affected by the clearance between the pivot portion 411 and the connecting hole 211a, but the angle of free rotation does not need to be 360°.
  • the pressing member 4 can rotate at a certain angle relative to the wiring harness plate 2, such as 0-110°, so that the elastic pad 6, thermistor 51, and the thermal pad 52 described later can be easily installed.
  • the hole wall of the connecting hole 211a is provided with an opening groove 211b.
  • the opening groove 211b is provided at the end of the bent portion 211d, that is, close to the position where the two fluted edges intersect. Referring to FIG. 3, one of the top corners of the bent portion 211d is vacant, and the vacancy is the opening groove 211b.
  • the pivoting portion 411 can be easily installed in the connecting hole 211a through the opening groove 211b.
  • the opening direction of the opening groove 211 b is away from the top cover 11, that is, the opening direction of the opening groove 211 b faces the pressing member 4.
  • the opening direction of the opening slot 211b is set in such a way that the pivotal portion 411 can be inserted into the connecting hole 211a from top to bottom, and the pivotal portion 411 is more convenient to install and operate.
  • the pivoting portion 411 includes two, and the central axes of the two pivoting portions 411 are collinear.
  • the connecting holes 211a and the pivoting portions 411 are provided in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first connecting portion 21 and the first connecting end 41 are rotatably connected, and the rotatably connected makes it easier to install the elastic pad 6, the thermistor 51 and the heat conductive pad 52 hereinafter.
  • the second connecting end 42 of the pressing member 4 is fixedly connected to the second connecting portion 22 of the wiring harness plate 2, so that the pressing member 4 is connected to the wiring harness.
  • the board 2 forms a fixed connection, and the thermistor 51 of the temperature collection assembly 5 is firmly installed at the required position to achieve stable temperature collection.
  • the second connecting portion 22 includes a clamping portion 221, and the clamping portion 221 is clamped to the second connecting end 42.
  • the card connection method is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and the connection is reliable.
  • the first connecting portion 21 and the second connecting portion 22 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first connecting end 41 and the second connecting end 42 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the second connecting end 42 includes an inner concave portion 421, and the clamping portion 221 is connected to the inner concave portion 421 by clamping connection.
  • the second connecting portion 22 includes a clamping portion 221 facing the pressing member 4, the second connecting end 42 includes an inner concave portion 421, and the clamping portion 221 clamps the inner concave portion 421.
  • the pressing member 4 is substantially a rectangular flat plate, and the first connecting end 41 and the second connecting end 42 are divided into two ends of the rectangular flat plate.
  • the inner recess 421 is provided at the second connecting end 42 of the pressing member 4, and is used to limit the rotatable connection formed by the first connecting end 41 of the pressing member 4, so that both ends of the pressing member 4 are installed in place After that, the position of the pressing member 4 relative to the harness plate 2 is determined.
  • the clamping portion 221 includes a vertical plate 221 a and a hook 221 b disposed on the vertical plate 221 a, and the hook 221 b faces the inner concave portion 421.
  • the concave portion 421 can be moved from above the hook 221b to below the hook 221b, so that the lower end surface of the hook 221b can hook the concave portion.
  • the bottom surface of the 421 is recessed to form a snap connection.
  • the clamping portion 221 and the inner concave portion 421 are both multiple, and the clamping portion 221 and the inner concave portion 421 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the implementation of the temperature collection component 5 is described below.
  • the temperature collection component 5 includes a thermistor 51, and the thermistor 51 is used to realize temperature collection. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 8, in order to protect the thermistor 51 from being damaged due to excessive force and at the same time enable the heat transfer path to conduct heat normally, the temperature collection assembly 5 further includes a thermal pad 52, which is disposed on the thermistor 51 And the top cover 11.
  • the thermistor 51 may be a patch type NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient, negative temperature coefficient) temperature sensor, or a water-drop tip type NTC temperature sensor.
  • NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient, negative temperature coefficient
  • the thermistor 51 is a water droplet type NTC temperature sensor.
  • the drop-head NTC temperature sensor includes a head and a wire connected to the head.
  • the head is in the shape of a drop, so it can also be called a drop-head or end.
  • the head of the drop-head NTC temperature sensor can directly abut the thermal pad 52, or a film structure that hardly affects temperature transmission is sandwiched between the two.
  • the thermal pad 52 is pressed against the top cover 11 of the battery 1 by the pressing member 4.
  • the pressing member 4 directly presses the thermally conductive pad 52; or the pressing member 4 presses other components to achieve the pressing of the thermally conductive pad 52.
  • the thermistor 51 can accurately collect the temperature of the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the thermistor 51 uses a patch type NTC temperature sensor.
  • the patch type NTC temperature sensor includes a head and a wire connected to the head.
  • the head is roughly a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the head is in direct contact with the thermal pad 52 or through a film structure that hardly affects temperature transfer.
  • the thermal pad 52 is pressed against the top cover 11 by the pressing member 4.
  • the pressing member 4 directly presses the heat-conducting pad 52; or the pressing member 4 compresses the heat-conducting pad 52 by pressing other components.
  • the thermistor 51 can accurately collect the temperature of the top cover 11.
  • the thermal pad 52 has high thermal conductivity and good compressibility.
  • the use of the thermal pad 52 with the above structure not only improves the heat transfer efficiency, but also can withstand the expansion and deformation of the battery 1 in the battery module during the charging and discharging process and the squeezing of impact vibration.
  • the temperature transfer path is as follows: the temperature of the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, and the temperature of the thermal pad 52 is transferred to the thermistor 51.
  • the thermistor 51 transmits the collected temperature signal to the circuit board 3 for analysis and processing, so as to control the discharge power of the battery module.
  • the thermistor 51 collects the temperature at the top cover 11 of the battery 1.
  • the temperature of the top cover 11 is relatively consistent with the temperature inside the battery 1, and the top cover 11 can reflect the change and height of the internal temperature of the battery 1 in time.
  • the above-mentioned temperature transmission path is short, and the thermistor 51 responds quickly to temperature collection, which also makes the control more accurate when performing subsequent processing based on the collected temperature, so it can effectively reduce or even avoid the battery module’s power limitation in advance.
  • the occurrence of the battery module can effectively exert the efficiency of the battery module, effectively optimize the structure and performance of the battery module, and also optimize the performance of the vehicle equipment using the battery module and increase the reliability of the vehicle equipment.
  • the mechanical connection relationship between the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3 will be introduced first.
  • the thermistor 51 is integrated with the circuit board 3, that is, as shown in the drawings of each embodiment, the dotted frame in FIGS. 2 and 3 indicates the position of the thermistor 51.
  • the thermistor 51 is provided with a layer of film outside, and the film is a film covering the circuit board 3.
  • One side of the thermistor 51 is bonded to the thermal pad 52 through the film, and the other side of the thermistor 51 is bonded to the elastic pad 6 described later through the other side of the film. Due to the small thickness of the film, it hardly affects the temperature transfer process.
  • Another connection method is that the cantilever 32 of the circuit board 3 is provided with a through hole (not shown in the figure) passing through its thickness direction, the thermistor 51 is installed in the through hole, and one side of the thermistor 51 is connected to The thermal pad 52 is directly attached, and the other side of the thermistor 51 is attached to the elastic pad 6.
  • the first electrical connection method of the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3 is: the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3 through wires.
  • the thermally conductive pad 52 is pressed to the top cover 11 by the pressing member 4 so that the thermally conductive pad 52 and the top cover 11 are kept in contact with each other.
  • the thermistor 51 is in contact with the side of the thermal pad 52 away from the top cover 11.
  • the length of the wire is related to the installation position of the thermistor 51 and the position where the wire is electrically connected to the circuit board 3. Specifically, the wire is electrically connected to the circuit board 3 in the following manner: a plug is electrically connected to the end of the wire away from the thermistor 51, and the circuit board 3 is fixedly provided with a socket. The plug and the socket are connected to realize the electrical connection between the wire and the circuit board 3.
  • the relative matching relationship of the components is as follows: the thermal pad 52 is placed on the top surface of the top cover 11, and the pressing member 4 fixedly connected to the wiring harness plate 2 presses the thermal pad 52.
  • the pressing member 4 has a structure that limits the thermistor 51, such as a mounting slot 43 described later, see FIG. 4. The installation relationship between the thermistor 51 and the installation slot 43 will be described in detail later.
  • the temperature collection path of the battery module is as follows: the temperature at the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, then transferred to the thermistor 51, and then transferred to the circuit board 3 through the wire connected to the thermistor 51 to complete Analysis and processing of temperature data.
  • the above-mentioned temperature collection path is very short, the temperature collection of the thermistor 51 is fast, the temperature transmission is accurate, and the temperature collected by the thermistor 51 can change in time with the change of the internal temperature of the battery 1.
  • the second electrical connection method of the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3 is: the thermistor 51 is fixed to the circuit board 3 to realize the electrical connection between the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3.
  • the thermistor 51 is directly electrically connected to the circuit board 3, and no wires are required.
  • the pressing member 4 presses the thermally conductive pad 52 to the top cover 11 through the thermistor 51.
  • the circuit board 3 includes a substrate 31 and a cantilever 32 connected to the substrate 31, and the thermistor 51 is mounted on the free end of the cantilever 32.
  • the base plate 31 is provided with a through hole 33
  • the cantilever 32 is provided in the through hole 33
  • the connecting end of the cantilever 32 is connected to the inner wall of the through hole 33, and there is a gap between the free end of the cantilever 32 and the inner wall of the through hole 33. gap.
  • the cantilever 32 is integrated with the base plate 31.
  • the circuit board 3 is provided with a through hole 33, the through hole 33 forms a part of the circuit board 3 into a cantilever 32, and the thermistor 51 is mounted on the free end of the cantilever 32. Without other external forces, the thermistor 51 can swing freely up and down with the cantilever 32. During the installation process of the thermistor 51, since the thermistor 51 has the freedom to swing up and down with the cantilever 32, regardless of the position of the installation gap between the elastic pad 6 and the thermal pad 52 in the Z direction, the thermistor 51 Can be installed smoothly.
  • the cantilever 32 can drive the thermistor 51 to move to adapt to the expansion of the battery module and avoid the circuit board 3 or the thermistor 51 due to the expansion of the battery 1. And be damaged.
  • the difference between the second setting method of the thermistor 51 and the first setting method is that in the second setting method, the thermistor 51 is directly fixed to the circuit board 3, and the thermistor 51 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3.
  • the length of the connected solder is almost negligible.
  • the thermistor 51 and the circuit board 3 are equivalent to forming a whole. Specifically, the thermistor 51 is directly soldered to the pad of the circuit board 3 and is electrically connected to the temperature sampling circuit inside the circuit board 3.
  • the pressing member 4 is provided with a mounting groove 43, and the thermistor 51 is disposed in the mounting groove 43.
  • the installation groove 43 is a counter groove, and the installation groove 43 does not penetrate the thickness direction of the pressing member 4.
  • the bottom of the installation groove 43 exerts a pressing force on the thermistor 51, so that after the thermistor 51 is installed in place, it will not move, so as not to affect the temperature collection operation.
  • the side of the pressing member 4 facing the wire harness plate 2 is provided with a grid-like structure, and a mounting groove 43 is formed in the middle area of the pressing member 4.
  • the shape of the mounting groove 43 is the same or different from the shape of the end of the thermistor 51, but the size of the mounting groove 43 needs to meet the requirements for the end of the thermistor 51, so that all the ends of the thermistor 51 can be installed.
  • the shape of the mounting groove 43 is, for example, a circular shape, a square shape, or other irregular shapes.
  • the installation groove 43 protects the thermistor 51, prevents the thermistor 51 from being damaged by the pressure applied by the pressing member 4, and ensures the temperature collection function of the thermistor 51.
  • an elastic pad 6 is sandwiched between the bottom of the mounting groove 43 and the thermistor 51. After the elastic pad 6 is set, only a small part of the thermistor 51 may be located in the mounting groove 43. Due to the squeezing of the elastic pad 6, the thermistor 51 can still maintain its position and will not shift or shake during the operation of the battery module.
  • the depth of the installation groove 43 is greater than the thickness of the elastic pad 6.
  • the mounting groove 43 of the pressing member 4 surrounds the elastic pad 6, and the elastic pad 6 is completely located inside the mounting groove 43, which ensures that the reaction force of the thermally conductive pad 52 is compressed and acts on the elastic pad 6 via the thermistor 51, and the heat sensitive The resistance 51 receives very little force, so it prevents the thermistor 51 from being forced to cause functional failure.
  • the pressing member 4 makes the surrounding area of the thermistor 51 flat and non-bending, so that the installation surface of the thermistor 51 is flat, and the contact area during installation is large, thereby ensuring reliable installation of the thermistor 51.
  • a limit protection structure is provided inside the installation slot 43, so that after the thermistor 51 is installed inside the installation slot 43, the position is relatively fixed, and during the use of the battery module, the thermistor 51 does not appear to be loose or shifted. , So that the temperature collection operation of the thermistor 51 can be performed accurately.
  • the thermistor 51 can be positioned in the mounting slot 43 in other ways. For example, first fix the thermistor 51 and the elastic pad 6 together by glue, and then install the thermistor 51, the elastic pad 6, and the thermal pad 52. Or, first install the thermistor 51, the thermal pad 52, the elastic pad 6 and other components in place, and then dispense glue in the installation groove 43 to fix the thermistor 51 with the inner wall of the installation groove 43. Gluing can increase the reliability of the fixed connection between the thermistor 51 and the inner wall of the mounting groove 43, and realize the waterproof performance of the thermistor 51, and prevent the thermistor 51 from being damaged by water droplets. In addition, since the thermistor 51 is located inside the installation groove 43, the inner wall of the installation groove 43 restricts the flow area of the glue to prevent the occurrence of glue overflow.
  • the glue can be thermally conductive glue.
  • the wiring harness board 2 is provided with a through hole 23, and the thermal pad 52 is attached to the top cover 11 through the through hole 23. Specifically, one side of the thermal pad 52 is attached to the thermistor 51 through the through hole 23, and the other side of the thermal pad 52 is attached to the top cover 11.
  • the through hole 23 of the wire harness board 2 serves as a retreat hole to enable the installation and normal operation of the temperature collection components.
  • the through hole 23 enables the thermal pad 52 to directly contact the top cover 11.
  • the pressing member 4 indirectly presses the thermal conductive pad 52 by pressing the circuit board 3 so that the thermal conductive pad 52 and the top cover 11 are tightly attached, so that the thermistor 51 accurately collects the temperature of the top cover 11.
  • the temperature collection path of the battery module is as follows: the temperature at the top cover 11 is transferred to the thermal pad 52, then transferred to the thermistor 51, and then directly transferred to the circuit board 3 to complete the analysis and processing of the temperature data .
  • the above-mentioned temperature collection path is shorter, the temperature collection of the thermistor 51 is faster, and the temperature transmission is more accurate.
  • the battery pack provided by the above technical solution has the battery module provided by any technical solution of the present application, it also has the various structures and beneficial effects of the battery module mentioned above.
  • Still other embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, including a power source and the battery pack provided by any technical solution of the present application.
  • the power source provides power to the vehicle.
  • the battery pack is configured to supply power to the power source.
  • the vehicle provided by the above technical solution has the battery pack provided by any of the technical solutions of the present application, it also has the various structures and beneficial effects of the battery pack mentioned above.

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Abstract

一种电池模块、电池组以及车辆，涉及电池技术领域，用以优化电池模块的结构。电池模块包括电池（1）、线束板（2）、电路板（3）、压紧件（4）以及采温组件（5）。电池（1）包括顶盖（11）。线束板（2）设于顶盖（11）的顶部外侧。压紧件（4）连接于线束板（2）的上方。采温组件（5）包括热敏电阻（51），热敏电阻（51）电连接于电路板（3），且热敏电阻（51）设置于顶盖（11）和压紧件（4）之间；压紧件（4）压紧热敏电阻（51），以使得热敏电阻（51）与顶盖（11）压紧。上述技术方案提供的电池模块使得温度采集路径短，测量准确。

Description

电池模块、电池组以及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年11月25日提交的名称为“电池模块、电池组以及车辆”的中国专利申请201922050479.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模块、电池组以及车辆。
背景技术
电池模块的正常工作温度在-30℃～55℃之间，如果超过该极限温度，电池模块会限制放电功率以实现电池模块的安全防护。
相关技术中，电池模块采用下述方式采温：通过柔性电路板上设置的热敏电阻采集连接片上的温度，用连接片的温度作为电池内部的温度。实际情况中，连接片上温度较高，而电池内部的温度较低，如果两者差值较大，电池模块会提前限制功率，这会影响电池模块效能的发挥。
目前行业内的整车厂家都朝着轿跑车型方向开发，并且传统改装电动车也要体现电动车加速快的优势和特点，所以急加速工况需求将会越来越普遍，那么对电池模块的功率要求会越来越高。
发明内容
本申请提出一种电池模块、电池组以及车辆。
本申请提出一种电池模块，其包括：电池，包括顶盖；线束板，设于顶盖的顶部外侧；电路板；压紧件，连接于线束板的上方；以及采温组件，包括热敏电阻，热敏电阻电连接于电路板，且热敏电阻设置于顶盖和压紧件之间；压紧件压紧热敏电阻，以使得热敏电阻与顶盖压紧。
上述实施例提供的电池模块，采温组件的热敏电阻被安装于线束板的压紧件压紧至电池的顶盖，热敏电阻采集到的是顶盖的温度。顶盖的温度与电池内部的温度比较一致，顶盖能够及时反映电池内部温度的变化和高低。如果电池内部温度升高，则顶盖温度及时升高；如果电池内部温度降低，则顶盖温度及时降低。顶盖的温度随着 电池内部的温度变化而及时变化。采温组件将采集到的温度传递至电路板等元器件，以便进行后续分析、处理判断。由上述的温度传递路径可以看出，电池模块在采集电池内部温度时，以电池的顶盖作为采集温度的起点，整个温度采集、传递路径短，温度响应速度快。这也使得基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模块提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模块的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模块的结构和性能。
在一些实施方式中，线束板上设置有避让结构；热敏电阻穿过避让结构与顶盖压紧。如此设置，可以实现热敏电阻穿过避让结构压紧在顶盖上，且结构简单可靠。
在一些实施方式中，避让结构为设置在线束板上的通孔。如此设置，避让结构简单且方便制备。
在一些实施方式中，采温组件还包括：导热垫，设置于热敏电阻和顶盖之间。导热垫具有良好的导热性和弹性，导热垫能够使得导热垫与顶盖之间、导热垫与热敏电阻之间可靠接触，进而使得热敏电阻准确采集到电池的顶盖的温度。
在一些实施方式中，热敏电阻通过导线与电路板电连接，压紧件通过热敏电阻将导热垫压紧至顶盖。通过导线可以实现热敏电阻与电路板的电连接，进而通过热敏电阻的电阻变化实现采集顶盖温度。
在一些实施方式中，热敏电阻固定于电路板以实现热敏电阻与电路板电连接，压紧件通过热敏电阻将导热垫压紧至顶盖。如此设置，热敏电阻与电路板可以实现电连接，进而通过热敏电阻的电阻变化实现采集顶盖温度。
在一些实施方式中，压紧件设有安装槽，热敏电阻设置于安装槽中。安装槽的设置可以对热敏电阻电阻周向方向进行限位，且能够对热敏电阻起到施加压紧力的作用，以使得热敏电阻安装到位后，不会移位、以免影响采温操作。
在一些实施方式中，电池模块还包括：弹性垫，位于安装槽的槽底和热敏电阻之间。弹性垫的设置，不仅可以压紧热敏电阻，而且可以使得压敏电阻在Z方向上可以有一定量尺寸变化，进而使得热敏电阻可靠采集顶盖温度。
在一些实施方式中，电路板包括基板以及与基板相连的悬臂，热敏电阻安装于悬臂的自由端。热敏电阻具有随着悬臂上下摆动的自由量，如此，热敏电阻能够在压紧件的作用下可靠的抵接顶盖，且不易发生折断。
在一些实施方式中，基板设置于线束板和压紧件之间，基板设置有贯穿孔，悬臂设置于贯穿孔中，悬臂的连接端与贯穿孔的内壁连接，悬臂的自由端与贯穿孔的内壁之间存在间隙。如此设置，可以实现在基板上设置悬臂，且制备过程简单方便。
在一些实施方式中，线束板设置有第一连接部和第二连接部；压紧件包括第一连接端和第二连接端，第一连接端与第一连接部可转动连接，第二连接端与第二连接部固定连接。压紧件通过第一连接端与线束板的第一连接部可转动连接，该连接使得两者即便连接到位后，压紧件仍能相对于线束板转动，这样就方便了热敏电阻等部件的安装。压紧件通过第二连接端与线束板的第二连接部卡接。那么当第二连接端与第二连接部安装到位后，压紧件与线束板完全固定，两者不再存在相对运动，故被压紧件压紧的热敏电阻的位置也就确定了，以实现热敏电阻的正常采温，使得电池模块采 温组件的正常工作。
在一些实施方式中，第一连接部包括朝向压紧件的凸起，凸起设有连接孔；第一连接端包括枢接部，枢接部可转动地安装于连接孔中。如此，不仅可以实现第一连接部和第一连接端的可转动的连接，且结构简单可靠。
在一些实施方式中，连接孔的孔壁设有开口槽，以使得枢接部经由开口槽可转动地安装于连接孔中。如此，使得枢接部与连接孔的装配方便快捷。
在一些实施方式中，开口槽的开口方向远离顶盖。如此设置，使得枢接部能够从上至下插入到连接孔中，枢接部的安装更加方便、更加便于操作。
在一些实施方式中，枢接部包括两个，并且两个枢接部的中轴线共线；连接孔与枢接部一一对应设置。如此设置，能够使得枢接部和连接孔的可转动的连接更加可靠，转动更加平稳。
在一些实施方式中，第二连接部包括卡接部，卡接部卡接于第二连接端。卡接的连接方式，便于拆装，并且连接可靠。
在一些实施方式中，第二连接端包括内凹部，卡接部与内凹部卡接连接。如此设置即可实现第二连接端和卡接部卡接，且卡接结构可靠。
本申请另一些实施例提供一种电池组，包括本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池模块。
本申请提供的电池组，通过采集顶盖的温度，进而使得整个温度采集、传递路径短，温度响应速度快，基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模块提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模块的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模块的结构和性能。
本申请又一些实施例提供一种车辆，包括：动力源，动力源为车辆提供动力；和本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池组，电池组被配置为向动力源供电。
本申请提供的车辆，其电池组通过采集顶盖的温度，进而使得整个温度采集、传递路径短，温度响应速度快，基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模块提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模块的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模块的结构和性能，进而使得采用该电池组的车辆的性能得以优化，车辆的可靠性得以增加。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池模块的立体结构示意图；
图2为图1的A局部放大示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池模块的热敏电阻处的分解示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池模块的压紧件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池模块线束板局部结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池模块一个电池处的俯视示意图；
图7为图6的B-B局部剖视示意图；
图8为图7的C局部放大示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请的发明人发现，在一些情形下，至少存在下述问题：由于电池模块内部空间尺寸的限制，并且考虑到制造及成本的影响，连接片的宽度和厚度不能做到很大。在较低工况下，如1C放电，连接片温度与电池内部的温度接近。但是，如果采用更高的放电倍率，连接片的温度远远高于电池内部的温度。在高功率的工况下，因连接片过流面积的限制，连接片的温度会急剧上升，而电池内部的温度上升则较慢，两者的温度差值巨大，这会导致电池模块提前限制功率，从而影响了电池模块的放电功率。所以，如何探测电池内部的温度是目前业内迫在眉睫需要解决的技术难题。
下面结合图1～图8对本申请提供的技术方案进行更为详细的阐述。
参见图1至图8，本申请实施例提供一种电池模块，包括电池1、线束板2、电路板3、压紧件4以及采温组件5。电池1包括顶盖11。线束板2设于顶盖11的顶部外侧，且线束板2设置有第一连接部21和第二连接部22。电路板3设于线束板2远离电池1的一侧。参见图2和图3，压紧件4包括第一连接端41和第二连接端42，第一连接端41与第一连接部21可转动连接，第二连接端42与第二连接部22固定连接，具体比如采用卡接实现固定连接。采温组件5包括热敏电阻51，热敏电阻51电连接于 电路板3。压紧件4压紧热敏电阻51，以使得热敏电阻51与顶盖11压紧。
下面详细介绍各部件的结构以及相互之间的连接关系。
在一些实施方式中，参见图6和图7，图6示意了电池模块的其中一个电池1处的俯视示意图，图7则为图6的B-B剖视示意图。电池1的结构如下：电池1包括壳体12、设置于壳体12内部的电极组件(图未示出)，设置于电极组件顶部的顶盖11、设置于顶盖11的电极端子13以及设置于顶盖11顶部的顶贴片14。具体地，顶贴片14粘贴于顶盖11的顶部。顶盖11与壳体12焊接固定，顶盖11上还设置有防爆阀15，顶贴片14开设有防爆孔，以使防爆阀露出于防爆孔。顶贴片14还开设有两个电极端子通孔141，每个电极端子通孔141内安装有一个电极端子13。如图6所示，电极端子13包括正电极端子131和负电极端子132。
参见图6，顶贴片14的材质比如为绝缘材质。顶贴片14为片状的，其尺寸与顶盖11的顶面尺寸匹配。比如顶贴片14的结构和尺寸刚好完全覆盖顶盖11的顶面。或者，顶贴片14的尺寸稍大于顶盖11的顶面尺寸，以使得顶贴片14具有足够的尺寸形成弯折边，以包覆住顶盖11，以使得顶贴片14与顶盖11可靠连接。
顶贴片14一方面起到绝缘的作用，防止顶盖11与外部线路出现短接现象。另一方面，顶贴片14也起到保护顶盖11的作用，防止顶盖11被刮损。
根据电极组件制造方式的不同，电池1分为叠片式电池、卷绕式电池。其中，叠片式电池是将正极极片、负极极片、隔膜裁成规定尺寸的大小，然后将正极极片、隔膜、负极极片层叠成电池。卷绕式电池是将正极极片、负极极片、隔膜卷绕成形。
参见图6，为了采集顶盖11的表面温度，顶贴片14开设有开口，以露出顶盖11的部分区域作为温度采样部位。
参见图6，开口比如开设于顶贴片14的任意位置，但是顶盖11的整个表面的温度并不完全一致。考虑到采温组件5安装的便利性以及采温的精准性，开口K比如邻近负电极端子132设置。电池1的顶盖11上靠近负电极端子132处的温度更加接近于电池1内部的真实温度，两者在恶劣工况下的温差在可以接受的5℃以内。将采温组件5安装于上述开口处，使得采温组件5采集到的温度也与电池1的内部温度相差较少，采温组件5采集到的温度较为精准地反应了电池1内部的温度。这也使得后续电路板3基于采温组件5采集到的温度数据进行分析处理时，得到的数据更加准确，控制更加精准，有效降低了电池模块提前限制放电功率现象的发生。
参见图1和图2，在一些实施例中，电路板3比如采用柔性电路板3(Flexible Printed Circuit Board，简称FPC)，或者采用印刷电路板3(Printed Circuit Board，简称PCB)。PCB板刚度较高，硬度较大；FPC板挠性较高，硬度较小。
参见图1至图2，电路板3比如为长条状，电路板3位于线束板2的中间区域。
下面介绍压紧件4和线束板2的连接关系。
参见图1至图3，先介绍线束板2的第一连接部21和压紧件4的第一连接端41的实现方式。
参见图1至图3，第一连接部21包括朝向压紧件4的凸起211，凸起211设有 连接孔211a。凸起211的凸起方向远离电池1的顶盖11。第一连接端41包括枢接部411，枢接部411可转动地安装于连接孔211a中。
枢接部411比如为圆柱状或者其他柱状的结构。枢接部411与连接孔211a形成类似于枢接轴与孔的轴孔配合关系。枢接部411能在连接孔211a中自由转动。
参见图3，凸起211包括长条状的主体部211c以及设置在主体部211c两端的弯折部211d。每个弯折部211d都形成有一连接孔211a，具体来说，弯折部211d也为条状结构，连接孔211a形成在弯折部211d的端部。
枢接部411在连接孔211a中自由转动的角度，并不受枢接部411和连接孔211a配合间隙的影响，但是该自由转动的角度并不需要是360°。在安装过程中，压紧件4能够相对于线束板2转动一定的角度，比如0～110°，使得后文的弹性垫6、热敏电阻51以及导热垫52能够方便安装即可。
参见图3，为了使得枢接部411能够方便地安装到连接孔211a中，连接孔211a的孔壁设有开口槽211b。开口槽211b设置在弯折部211d的端部，即靠近两条楞边相交的位置，参见图3，弯折部211d的其中一个顶角是空缺的，该空缺即为开口槽211b。枢接部411通过该开口槽211b能够方便地安装到连接孔211a中。
参见图2，开口槽211b的开口方向远离顶盖11，即开口槽211b的开口方向朝向压紧件4。开口槽211b的开口方向如此设置，使得枢接部411能够从上至下插入到连接孔211a中，枢接部411的安装更加方便、更加便于操作。
为了使得在安装过程中，更平稳地调节压紧件4相对于线束板2的角度，从而使得后文的弹性垫6、热敏电阻51以及导热垫52更易于安装，参见图4，在一些实施例中，枢接部411包括两个，并且两个枢接部411的中轴线共线。连接孔211a与枢接部411一一对应设置。连接孔211a也有两个，每个连接孔211a中安装有一个枢接部411。
上述技术方案，第一连接部21和第一连接端41可转动连接，该可转动连接使得后文的弹性垫6、热敏电阻51以及导热垫52更易于安装。在弹性垫6、热敏电阻51以及导热垫52安装到位后，再将压紧件4的第二连接端42与线束板2的第二连接部22固定连接，如此使得压紧件4与线束板2形成固定连接，采温组件5的热敏电阻51被牢固地安装在所需要的位置，以实现稳固地采温。
参见图2至图4，下面介绍线束板2的第二连接部22和压紧件4的第二连接端42的实现方式。
参见图3和图4，第二连接部22包括卡接部221，卡接部221卡接于第二连接端42。卡接的连接方式，便于拆装，并且连接可靠。
第一连接部21和第二连接部22相对设置。第一连接端41和第二连接端42相对设置。
第二连接端42包括内凹部421，卡接部221与内凹部421卡接连接。具体来说，第二连接部22包括朝向压紧件4的卡接部221，第二连接端42包括内凹部421，卡接部221卡住内凹部421。
由图2至图4可知，压紧件4大致为矩形平板，其第一连接端41和第二连接 端42分为为矩形平板的两个端部。内凹部421设置于压紧件4的第二连接端42，用于对压紧件4的第一连接端41形成的可转动连接进行限位，以使得压紧件4的两端均安装到位后，压紧件4相对于线束板2的位置是确定的。
参见图5，卡接部221包括立板221a以及设置于立板221a的卡勾221b，卡勾221b朝着内凹部421。在安装时，朝着顶盖11所在的方向用力按压线束板2，就能使得内凹部421从卡勾221b的上方移动至卡勾221b的下方，以实现卡勾221b的下端面钩住内凹部421的内凹底面，从而形成卡接。
参见图3至图5，为了使得内凹部421与卡接部221的连接更加稳固可靠，卡接部221和内凹部421均为多个，且卡接部221和内凹部421一一对应设置。卡接部221和内凹部421均为多个，所以两者之间形成了多个接触位置，那么受力位置也为多个，压紧件4和线束板2之间的连接更加可靠。
下面介绍采温组件5的实现方式。
采温组件5包括热敏电阻51，热敏电阻51用于实现温度采集。参见图3和图8，为了保护热敏电阻51不因受力过大被损坏，同时使得热传递路径能够正常导热，采温组件5还包括导热垫52，导热垫52设置于热敏电阻51和顶盖11之间。
热敏电阻51可以是贴片式NTC(Negative Temperature Coefficient，负温度系数)温度传感器，或水滴头式NTC温度传感器。
具体地，在一些实施例中，热敏电阻51选用水滴头式NTC温度传感器。水滴头式NTC温度传感器包括头部以及与头部连接的导线，头部呈水滴形，故也可被称为水滴头或者端部。水滴头式NTC温度传感器的头部可以与导热垫52直接抵接，或者两者之间夹设有几乎不影响温度传递的膜结构。导热垫52被压紧件4压紧于电池1的顶盖11。压紧件4比如直接压紧导热垫52；或者，压紧件4通过压紧其他部件，实现对导热垫52的压紧。采用上述结构使得热敏电阻51能够准确采集到电池1的顶盖11的温度。
在另一些实施例中，热敏电阻51选用贴片式NTC温度传感器，贴片式NTC温度传感器包括头部以及与头部连接的导线，头部大致为长方体结构，贴片式NTC温度传感器的头部与导热垫52直接接触或者通过几乎不影响温度传递的膜结构接触。导热垫52被压紧件4压紧于顶盖11。压紧件4比如直接压紧导热垫52；或者压紧件4通过压紧其他部件，实现对导热垫52的压紧。采用上述结构，热敏电阻51能够准确采集到顶盖11的温度。
导热垫52具备较高的导热系数和良好的压缩性。采用上述结构的导热垫52，既提高了传热效率，又可以承受电池模块中的电池1在充放电过程中的膨胀变形及冲击振动时的挤压。设置导热垫52之后，温度传递路径为：顶盖11的温度传递至导热垫52，导热垫52的温度传递至热敏电阻51。热敏电阻51将采集到的温度信号传递至电路板3，进行分析、处理，以实现对电池模块放电功率的控制。
由上述分析可知，上述技术方案，热敏电阻51采集到的是电池1的顶盖11处的温度。顶盖11的温度与电池1内部的温度比较一致，顶盖11能够及时反映电池1内部温度的变化和高低。并且，上述的温度传递路径短，热敏电阻51温度采集的响应 速度快，这也使得基于采集到的温度进行后续处理时，控制更加精准，所以能有效降低、甚至避免电池模块提前限功率情况的发生，使得电池模块的效能得以有效发挥，有效优化了电池模块的结构和性能，也使得采用该电池模块的车辆设备的性能得以优化，车辆设备的可靠性得以增加。
下面介绍热敏电阻51与电路板3的几种电连接实现方式。
在介绍热敏电阻51与电路板3的电连接方式实现之前，先介绍热敏电阻51与电路板3的机械连接关系。一种方式为，热敏电阻51与电路板3集成在一起，即各实施例附图所示意的情形，图2和图3中虚线框示意了热敏电阻51的位置。热敏电阻51的外部设置有一层薄膜，该薄膜为电路板3上覆盖的薄膜。热敏电阻51的一侧侧面通过该薄膜与导热垫52贴合，热敏电阻51的另一侧侧面通过另一侧的薄膜与后文的弹性垫6贴合。由于薄膜厚度很小，几乎不会影响温度传递过程。另一种连接方式为，电路板3的悬臂32开设有贯穿自身厚度方向的贯通孔(图未示出)，热敏电阻51安装在该贯通孔中，并且热敏电阻51的一侧侧面与导热垫52直接贴合，热敏电阻51的另一侧侧面与弹性垫6贴合。
热敏电阻51与电路板3的第一种电连接方式为：热敏电阻51通过导线与电路板3电连接。导热垫52被压紧件4压紧至顶盖11，以使得导热垫52与顶盖11保持贴合。热敏电阻51与导热垫52远离顶盖11的一侧接触。
导线的长短与热敏电阻51的设置位置、以及导线与电路板3电连接的位置相关。具体地，导线与电路板3比如采用下述方式电连接：导线远离热敏电阻51的端部电连接有插头，电路板3固定设置有插座。插头和插座插接，以实现导线与电路板3电连接。
采用上述结构，各部件的相对配合关系如下：导热垫52放置于顶盖11的顶面，与线束板2固定相连的压紧件4压住导热垫52。压紧件4具有限位热敏电阻51的结构，比如为后文的安装槽43，参见图4。关于热敏电阻51与安装槽43的安装关系后文将详述。
上述技术方案，电池模块的采温路径如下：顶盖11处的温度传递至导热垫52，然后传递至热敏电阻51，而后经由与热敏电阻51连接的导线传递至电路板3，以完成对温度数据的分析、处理。上述温度采集路径很短，热敏电阻51的采温快速，温度传递准确，并且热敏电阻51采集到的温度能够随着电池1的内部温度的变化及时变化。
热敏电阻51与电路板3的第二种电连接方式为：热敏电阻51固定于电路板3以实现热敏电阻51与电路板3电连接。热敏电阻51与电路板3直接电连接，不需要再设置导线。压紧件4通过热敏电阻51将导热垫52压紧至顶盖11。
参见图2和图3，电路板3包括基板31以及与基板31相连的悬臂32，热敏电阻51安装于悬臂32的自由端。
在一些实施例中，基板31设置有贯穿孔33，悬臂32设置于贯穿孔33中，悬臂32的连接端与贯穿孔33的内壁连接，悬臂32的自由端与贯穿孔33的内壁之间存在间隙。悬臂32与基板31是一体的。
参见图2，电路板3上设置有贯穿孔33，该贯穿孔33将部分电路板3形成了悬臂32，热敏电阻51安装于悬臂32的自由端。在不受其他外力的情况下，热敏电阻51能够随着悬臂32上下自由摆动。在热敏电阻51安装过程中，由于热敏电阻51具有随着悬臂32上下摆动的自由量，故无论弹性垫6与导热垫52之间的安装空隙在Z向的位置如何，热敏电阻51都能顺利安装。在一些实施方式中，在电池模块工作过程中，由于电池1的膨胀，悬臂32能够带动热敏电阻51运动，以适应电池模块的膨胀，避免电路板3或热敏电阻51因电池1的膨胀而受到损坏。
热敏电阻51的第二种设置方式与第一种设置方式的差异在于，在第二种设置方式中，热敏电阻51直接固定于电路板3，热敏电阻51和电路板3之间电连接的焊料长度几乎可以忽略不计。热敏电阻51和电路板3相当于形成了一个整体。具体地，热敏电阻51直接焊接于电路板3的焊盘，且与电路板3内部的温度采样线路电连接。
参见图1和图4，压紧件4设有安装槽43，热敏电阻51设置于安装槽43中。安装槽43为沉槽，安装槽43并不贯穿压紧件4的厚度方向。安装槽43的底部对热敏电阻51起到施加压紧力的作用，以使得热敏电阻51安装到位后，不会移位、以免影响采温操作。
参见图4，压紧件4朝向线束板2的一侧设置有网格状的结构，在压紧件4的中间区域形成有安装槽43。安装槽43的形状与热敏电阻51的端部形状比如相同或者不同，但是安装槽43的尺寸需满足热敏电阻51的端部安装的要求，使得热敏电阻51的端部能够全部位于安装槽43内部。安装槽43的形状比如为圆形的、方形的或者其他不规则形状。安装槽43对热敏电阻51起到防护作用，防止压紧件4施加的压力导致热敏电阻51损坏，保障了热敏电阻51的温度采集功能。
参见图4和图8，为了进一步保护热敏电阻51，安装槽43的槽底和热敏电阻51之间夹设有弹性垫6。设置弹性垫6之后，热敏电阻51可以只有一小部分位于安装槽43中。由于弹性垫6的挤压，热敏电阻51仍能保持其位置不会在电池模块工作过程中移位、晃动。
参见图4至图8，安装槽43的深度大于弹性垫6的厚度。压紧件4的安装槽43包围弹性垫6，弹性垫6完全位于安装槽43内部，保证了导热垫52被压紧后反作用力作用经由热敏电阻51作用在弹性垫6上，而热敏电阻51受力很小，所以防止了热敏电阻51受力导致功能失效。另一方面，压紧件4使得热敏电阻51周围区域平整、不弯曲，使得热敏电阻51的安装表面是平整的，安装时的接触面积大，从而保证了热敏电阻51安装可靠。
安装槽43内部比如设置有限位保护结构，以使得热敏电阻51安装到安装槽43内部后，位置相对固定，且在电池模块使用过程中，热敏电阻51不出现松动、移位等现象发生，使得热敏电阻51的温度采集操作准确地进行。
或者，热敏电阻51采用其他方式实现在安装槽43内的定位。比如先将热敏电阻51和弹性垫6通过胶固定在一起，然后再安装热敏电阻51和弹性垫6、导热垫52。或者，先将热敏电阻51、导热垫52、弹性垫6等部件安装到位，然后在安装槽43内点胶，以使得热敏电阻51与安装槽43的内壁固定。胶粘可以增加热敏电阻51与安 装槽43的内壁固定连接的可靠性，并且实现了热敏电阻51的防水性能，防止水滴损坏热敏电阻51。另外，由于热敏电阻51位于安装槽43内部，安装槽43的内壁限制了胶的流动区域，防止溢胶现象发生。胶可以采用导热胶。
参见图5，线束板2设有通孔23，导热垫52经由通孔23与顶盖11贴合。具体地，导热垫52的一个侧面通过通孔23与热敏电阻51贴合，导热垫52的另一个侧面与顶盖11贴合。线束板2的通孔23作为避让孔，以使温度采集各部件的安装和正常工作。
通孔23使得导热垫52能够直接接触顶盖11。压紧件4通过压紧电路板3的方式，间接压紧导热垫52，以使得导热垫52与顶盖11紧紧贴合，以便热敏电阻51准确采集顶盖11的温度。
采用上述技术方案，电池模块的采温路径如下：顶盖11处的温度传递至导热垫52，然后传递至热敏电阻51，而后直接传递至电路板3，以完成对温度数据的分析、处理。上述采温路径更短，热敏电阻51的采温更加快速，温度传递更加准确。
本申请另一些实施例提供一种电池组，包括本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池模块。
上述技术方案提供的电池组，由于具有本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池模块，所以也具有上文提及的电池模块的各种结构和有益效果。
本申请又一些实施例提供一种车辆，包括动力源和本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池组。动力源为车辆提供动力。电池组被配置为向动力源供电。
上述技术方案提供的车辆，由于具有本申请任一技术方案所提供的电池组，所以也具有上文提及的电池组各种结构和有益效果。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池模块，其中，包括：
    电池(1)，包括顶盖(11)；
    线束板(2)，设于所述顶盖(11)的顶部外侧；
    电路板(3)；
    压紧件(4)，连接于所述线束板(2)的上方；以及
    采温组件(5)，包括热敏电阻(51)，所述热敏电阻(51)电连接于所述电路板(3)，且所述热敏电阻(51)设置于所述顶盖(11)和所述压紧件(4)之间；所述压紧件(4)压紧所述热敏电阻(51)，以使得所述热敏电阻(51)与所述顶盖(11)压紧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述线束板(2)上设置有避让结构；
    所述热敏电阻(51)穿过所述避让结构与所述顶盖(11)压紧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，其中，所述避让结构为设置在所述线束板(2)上的通孔(23)。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述采温组件(5)还包括：
    导热垫(52)，设置于所述热敏电阻(51)和所述顶盖(11)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模块，其中，所述热敏电阻(51)通过导线与所述电路板(3)电连接，所述压紧件(4)通过所述热敏电阻(51)将所述导热垫(52)压紧至所述顶盖(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模块，其中，所述热敏电阻(51)固定于所述电路板(3)以实现所述热敏电阻(51)与所述电路板(3)电连接，所述压紧件(4)通过所述热敏电阻(51)将所述导热垫(52)压紧至所述顶盖(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述压紧件(4)设有安装槽(43)，所述热敏电阻(51)设置于所述安装槽(43)中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块还包括：
    弹性垫(6)，位于所述安装槽(43)的槽底和所述热敏电阻(51)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述电路板(3)包括基板(31)以及与所述基板(31)相连的悬臂(32)，所述热敏电阻(51)安装于所述悬臂(32)的自由端。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模块，其中，所述基板(31)设置于所述线束板(2)和所述压紧件(4)之间，所述基板(31)设置有贯穿孔(33)，所述悬臂(32)设置于所述贯穿孔(33)中，所述悬臂(32)的连接端与所述贯穿孔(33)的内壁连接，所述悬臂(32)的自由端与所述贯穿孔(33)的内壁之间存在间隙。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述线束板(2)设置有第一连接部(21)和第二连接部(22)；
    所述压紧件(4)包括第一连接端(41)和第二连接端(42)，所述第一连接端 (41)与所述第一连接部(21)可转动连接，所述第二连接端(42)与所述第二连接部(22)固定连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模块，其中，所述第一连接部(21)包括朝向所述压紧件(4)的凸起(211)，所述凸起(211)设有连接孔(211a)；所述第一连接端(41)包括枢接部(411)，所述枢接部(411)可转动地安装于所述连接孔(211a)中。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池模块，其中，所述连接孔(211a)的孔壁设有开口槽(211b)，以使得所述枢接部(411)经由所述开口槽(211b)可转动地安装于所述连接孔(211a)中。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模块，其中，所述开口槽(211b)的开口方向远离所述顶盖(11)。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述枢接部(411)包括两个，并且两个所述枢接部(411)的中轴线共线；所述连接孔(211a)与所述枢接部(411)一一对应设置。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述第二连接部(22)包括卡接部(221)，所述卡接部(221)卡接于所述第二连接端(42)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池模块，其中，所述第二连接端(42)包括内凹部(421)，所述卡接部(221)与所述内凹部(421)卡接连接。
  18. 一种电池组，其中，包括权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池模块。
  19. 一种车辆，其中，包括：
    动力源，所述动力源为所述车辆提供动力；和
    如权利要求18所述的电池组，所述电池组被配置为向所述动力源供电。
PCT/CN2020/120323 2019-11-25 2020-10-12 电池模块、电池组以及车辆 WO2021103826A1 (zh)

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