WO2021098331A1 - 一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调 - Google Patents

一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021098331A1
WO2021098331A1 PCT/CN2020/112176 CN2020112176W WO2021098331A1 WO 2021098331 A1 WO2021098331 A1 WO 2021098331A1 CN 2020112176 W CN2020112176 W CN 2020112176W WO 2021098331 A1 WO2021098331 A1 WO 2021098331A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distribution box
air
noise
hole
noise reduction
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PCT/CN2020/112176
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张维
王国辉
周宝银
张志荣
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中科振声（苏州）电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021098331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021098331A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of noise reduction, in particular to a noise reduction distribution box, an air-conditioning piping system and an air conditioner.
  • the noise of the ventilation pipe system is a common source of noise, such as the air outlet of the central air conditioning system, and the sound radiated from the inlet/outlet of the ship ventilation system. .
  • the requirements for passenger comfort are getting higher and higher. Controlling the noise radiated from the nozzles of the air-conditioning piping system on the train is of great significance to improving passenger comfort.
  • Air-conditioning pipeline noise mainly includes air-conditioning fan noise and secondary noise generated by air flow.
  • the secondary noise generated by air flow can obtain better noise reduction effect through passive sound absorption of air distribution pipeline, while air-conditioning fan noise is due to its passive sound absorption.
  • air-conditioning fan noise is due to its passive sound absorption.
  • the Chinese patent application number 201310184657.3 discloses an active muffler for a ventilation pipe system. It is proposed to install a speaker unit, an error sensor unit and a speaker power amplifier board in the ventilation pipe to form the active muffler, but
  • the active muffler structure has the following problems: 1. Components such as the speaker unit, error sensor unit and speaker power amplifier board that constitute the active muffler need to be installed on the outside of the ventilation duct, and there is not enough space for the ducts of the train air conditioning system To achieve this, the overall structural design of the train needs to be changed; 2.
  • the current design of the train air distribution duct is a non-uniform duct with a large upstream cross-sectional area and a small downstream cross-sectional area, and the through-hole structure is evenly arranged under the pipe. There is no independent air outlet. This way of air distribution causes the active muffler to fail to achieve a significant noise reduction effect after being applied to the train air distribution duct.
  • the patent application with application number 201821773881.0 discloses an active noise reduction distribution box for train air conditioners, which includes a distribution box body, a speaker, an error microphone and a controller, wherein the speaker is arranged on the air inlet of the distribution box body, and the error sensor is arranged on the distribution box.
  • the error microphone monitors the noise signal in real time and transmits the signal to the controller.
  • the controller uses the built-in active control algorithm to calculate the control signal and transmits it to the speaker.
  • the speaker emits and controls the sound wave to cancel the incoming from the air inlet. Therefore, the noise at the position of the air outlet can be suppressed.
  • the product has a simple structure and low cost, the control effect and stability need to be improved.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a noise reduction distribution box, an air conditioning piping system and an air conditioner, which are used to improve the control effect and stability of noise reduction.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a noise reduction distribution box, including:
  • a distribution box body which is provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end;
  • a reference microphone is connected to the air inlet end through a first connecting portion, and a first through hole is provided on the first connecting portion;
  • a secondary speaker the secondary speaker is connected to the air outlet through a second connecting portion, and a second through hole is provided on the second connecting portion;
  • An error microphone the error microphone is connected to the air outlet end through a third connecting portion, and a third through hole is provided on the third connecting portion;
  • the controller is in communication connection with the reference microphone, the secondary speaker and the error microphone.
  • the reference microphone at the air inlet of the distribution box monitors the noise signal in the distribution box in real time through the first through hole, and transmits the noise signal to the controller.
  • the controller uses the built-in active control algorithm according to the secondary channel
  • the parameters and the characteristics of the primary noise signal are calculated to form a control signal to drive the secondary speaker to emit an inverted sound wave, and the inverted sound wave is transmitted to the distribution box through the second through hole to cancel the noise from the air inlet end, at the air outlet position
  • the error microphone monitors the noise cancellation effect in real time through the third through hole and transmits it back to the controller.
  • the controller iteratively adjusts the output control signal according to the control result, so that the noise at the air outlet position is suppressed, thereby improving the noise reduction Control effect and stability.
  • the noise reduction distribution box further includes a power amplifier: the power amplifier is arranged on the distribution box body, one end is communicatively connected with the controller, and the other end is connected with the controller.
  • the secondary speaker is communicatively connected.
  • the reference microphone is connected to the first connection portion of the air inlet end through an anti-current-induced secondary noise connection; Or/and, the error microphone is connected to the third connection part of the air outlet end through an anti-current-induced secondary noise connection piece.
  • the anti-current secondary noise connector includes:
  • a sensing end surface, the sensing end surface is provided with a fourth through hole
  • a double-layer shell arranged above the sensing end surface
  • the first sound-absorbing material is filled between the inner shell and the outer shell of the double-sided shell;
  • the reference microphone or/and the error microphone are embedded in the wall surface of the inner shell of the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector, and the diaphragm end of the reference microphone or/and the error microphone is close to the outer wall surface of the distribution box body, The terminal of the reference microphone or/and the error microphone is far away from the outer wall of the distribution box body.
  • the fourth embodiment of the first aspect there is one first through hole on the first connecting portion, and the area of the sensing end surface is equal to that of the first through hole.
  • the area is the same; and/or, there is one third through hole on the third connecting portion, and the area of the sensing end surface is the same as the area of the third through hole.
  • the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector further includes a flange, which is connected to the housing for connecting the anti-current
  • the flow-induced secondary noise connector is fixed on the outer wall of the distribution box body.
  • a fifth through hole is provided at a portion of the inner shell close to the sensing end surface.
  • the diameter of the second through hole is not greater than 2 mm, and the area of the plurality of second through holes and the distance between the second through hole and the second connecting portion
  • the area ratio is not less than 25%; or/and, the diameter of the fourth through hole is not greater than 2mm, and the sum of the area of the plurality of fourth through holes and the area of the sensing end surface is not less than 25%; or /And, the diameter of the fifth through hole is not greater than 2 mm, and the ratio of the area of the plurality of fifth through holes to the area of the part of the inner shell close to the sensing end surface is not less than 25%.
  • the eighth embodiment of the first aspect further includes a first sealing member disposed on the reference microphone or/and the error microphone and the second anti-current-excited Between the inner shell walls of the secondary noise structure.
  • the ninth embodiment of the first aspect further includes a second sealing element or/and a third sealing element; the second sealing element is provided on the anti-current-induced secondary noise connection The joint of the flange of the component and the outer wall of the distribution box body; the third sealing member is arranged at the joint of the secondary loudspeaker and the outer wall of the distribution box body.
  • a second sound absorbing material is further included, and the second sound absorbing material is coated on the back side of the secondary speaker.
  • the one reference microphone is correspondingly connected to one of the air inlet ends; or/and, the secondary speaker corresponds to One of the air outlet ends is provided; or/and the one error microphone is correspondingly connected to one of the air outlet ends.
  • the noise reduction distribution box includes at least two air outlets.
  • the double-layer shell is cylindrical.
  • the axis of the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector is perpendicular to the outer wall surface of the distribution box body.
  • the controller adopts a hardware architecture with DSP+FPGA as the core.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an air-conditioning piping system, including an air-conditioning host, an air distribution duct, and an air-conditioning main unit and an air distribution duct arranged between the air-conditioning host and the air distribution duct as in the first aspect of the present invention or the first On the one hand, the noise reduction distribution box described in any embodiment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an air conditioner, including an air conditioner host, an air distribution duct, and any air conditioner arranged between the air conditioner host and the air distribution duct as in the first aspect of the present invention or the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active noise reduction distribution box of a train air conditioner according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the anti-current secondary noise structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-distribution box body 11-inlet end, 12-outlet end, 13-outer wall of distribution box body, 2-reference microphone, 21-reference microphone diaphragm end, 22-reference microphone terminal , 3-secondary loudspeaker, 4-error microphone, 41-error microphone diaphragm end, 42-error microphone terminal, 5-controller, 6-power amplifier, 7-signal line, 8-anti-current-induced secondary noise Connecting member, 81-first sound-absorbing material, 82-first sealing member, 83-inner shell wall surface, 84-flange, 85-second sealing member, 86-sensing end surface.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a noise reduction distribution box, which is applied to train air conditioning.
  • the distribution box includes: a distribution box body 1, which is provided with an air inlet end 11 and an air outlet end 12; a reference microphone 2, which is connected to the air inlet end 11 through a first connecting portion , And the first connecting portion is provided with a first through hole; a secondary speaker 3, the secondary speaker 3 is connected to the air outlet 12 through a second connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is provided There is a second through hole; an error microphone 4, the error microphone 4 is connected to the air outlet 12 through a third connecting portion, and the third connecting portion is provided with a third through hole; the controller 5 and the The reference microphone 2, the secondary speaker 3, and the error microphone 4 are communicatively connected.
  • the controller 5 may be arranged on the body of the distribution box.
  • the reference microphone 2 at the air inlet 11 in the distribution box monitors the noise signal in the distribution box in real time through the first through hole, and transmits the noise signal to the controller 5, and the controller 5 uses the built-in active
  • the control algorithm is based on the secondary channel (the secondary channel is a proper term, refers to the entire transmission channel from the electrical signal to the acoustic signal of the final control target position, including pipeline characteristics, but also circuit characteristics, electro-acoustic transducer structure Features, etc.) parameters and primary noise (primary noise refers to the initial noise that comes in from the air inlet and needs to be controlled).
  • the signal feature calculation forms a control signal to drive the secondary speaker 3 to emit inverted sound waves, and pass the inverted sound waves through the first
  • the two through holes are transmitted to the distribution box to cancel the noise transmitted from the air inlet 11, the error microphone 4 at the air outlet 12 position monitors the noise cancellation effect in real time through the third through hole and transmits it back to the controller 5. 5 Iteratively adjust the output control signal according to the control result, so that the noise at the position of the air outlet 12 is suppressed, thereby improving the control effect and stability of noise reduction.
  • the diameter of the second through hole is not greater than 2 mm, and the ratio of the area of the plurality of second through holes to the area of the second connecting portion is not less than 25%.
  • the pipe wall at the interface between the bypass branch pipe and the pipe is perforated with high density and small aperture, so as to effectively guide the airflow in the pipe while ensuring sound transmission. flow.
  • the smaller the perforation diameter the lower the secondary noise generated at a certain flow rate.
  • the perforation density should be increased to ensure an overall perforation rate of not less than 25% to prevent the perforated plate from forming a significant low-frequency acoustic impedance and thereby affecting the performance of the speaker unit and the error microphone.
  • the noise reduction distribution box described in FIG. 1 further includes a power amplifier 6.
  • the power amplifier 6 is arranged on the distribution box body 1, and one end communicates with the controller 5. Connected, and the other end is communicatively connected with the secondary speaker 3.
  • the power amplifier 6 is used to amplify the control signal output from the controller 5 and input the amplified control signal to the secondary speaker 3, thereby improving the accuracy of control.
  • the one reference microphone 2 is correspondingly connected to one of the air inlet ends 11; or/and, the one secondary speaker 3 is correspondingly arranged on one of the air outlet ends 12 Or/and, the one error microphone 4 is correspondingly connected to one of the air outlet ends 12. There are at least two air outlet ends 12.
  • the distribution box body 1 includes an air inlet 11 and at least two air outlets 12, the air inlet 11 is connected to the air conditioning host upstream of the train air conditioning system, each of the air outlet 12 is connected to the downstream air distribution duct of the branch pipeline where the air-conditioning host enters the distribution box body 1 from the air inlet end 11, and flows from each air outlet end 12 to the downstream air distribution duct after being divided by the distribution box body.
  • the number of the air outlet 12 is set according to the actual situation of the train. In this embodiment, the air outlet 12 is provided with two.
  • the number of the secondary speakers 33 and the error microphone 44 is equal to the number of the air outlet 1212.
  • a number of through holes are provided at the position of the outer wall of the distribution box (that is, the first connection part and the third connection part), so that the reference microphone 2 and the error microphone 4 can
  • the sound pressure signal inside the distribution box is collected through the through holes, and the position of the outer wall surface of the distribution box (that is, the third connecting portion) where the secondary speaker 3 contacts the distribution box body 1 is provided with a number of through holes ( That is, the third through hole), so that the inverted secondary sound wave emitted by the secondary speaker 3 can propagate into the distribution box through the through hole to cancel the noise.
  • the controller 5 is connected to the reference microphone 2 and the error microphone 4 through a signal line 7 to receive a reference signal and an error signal and generates a control signal, and the controller 5 is connected to the power amplifier 6 through a signal line 7 and The control signal is transmitted to the power amplifier 6, and the power amplifier 6 amplifies the received control signal, and pushes the secondary speaker 3 to emit an inverted secondary sound wave through the signal line 7 for active noise control.
  • the reference microphone 2 is connected to the first connection portion of the air inlet 11 through an anti-current-induced secondary noise connector 8; or/and, so
  • the error microphone 4 is connected to the third connecting portion of the air outlet 12 through an anti-current-induced secondary noise connection 8.
  • the noise reduction distribution box described in FIG. 1 further includes a second sealing element 85 or/and a third sealing element; the second sealing element 85 is arranged on the anti-current stimulus The joint of the secondary noise connector 8 and the outer wall 13 of the distribution box body 1; the third sealing member is arranged at the joint of the secondary loudspeaker 3 and the outer wall 13 of the distribution box body 1.
  • the noise reduction distribution box described in FIG. 1 further includes a second sound absorbing material, and the second sound absorbing material is wrapped on the back side of the secondary speaker 3.
  • the second sound-absorbing material can absorb the sound radiated from the rear cavity of the secondary speaker 3, thereby further improving the effect of noise reduction.
  • the controller 5 adopts a hardware architecture with DSP+FPGA as the core.
  • the train air-conditioning pipeline system is provided between the air-conditioning host and the air distribution duct with a distribution box that distributes air-conditioning airflow to each air distribution duct.
  • the distribution box is located at the upstream inlet of the air distribution duct and the outlet of the air-conditioning host.
  • the active noise reduction distribution box of the train air conditioner is used to complete the active noise reduction between the outlet of the air conditioner host and the entrance of the air distribution duct, which isolates the way for the noise of the air conditioner host to diffuse along the air distribution duct without affecting the uniformity.
  • the effect of air distribution realizes low-frequency noise control.
  • the active noise reduction distribution box of the train air conditioner has a compact structure and can be directly installed in the existing train structure, which solves the problem that the existing active control technology conflicts with the car body structure and the uniformity of air distribution when the train air conditioning duct system is applied. Improve the comfort of passengers.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a specific structure of the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector 8.
  • the connecting piece includes a sensing end surface 86 with a fourth through hole; a double-layer shell, which is set above the sensing end surface 86; a first sound-absorbing material 81. Filled between the inner shell and the outer shell of the double-sided shell; the reference microphone 2 or/and the error microphone 4 are embedded in the inner shell wall 83 of the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector 8, and The diaphragm end of the reference microphone 2 or/and the error microphone 4 is close to the surface of the distribution box body 1, and the terminal of the reference microphone 2 or/and the error microphone 4 is away from the surface of the distribution box body 1.
  • the diameter of the fourth through hole is not greater than 2 mm, and the ratio of the area of the plurality of fourth through holes to the area of the sensing end surface 86 is not less than 25%.
  • the pipe wall at the interface between the bypass branch pipe and the pipe is perforated with high density and small aperture, so as to effectively guide the airflow in the pipe while ensuring sound transmission. flow.
  • the smaller the perforation diameter the lower the secondary noise generated at a certain flow rate. After research, it is found that a perforation diameter of not more than 2mm can meet the requirements of the project.
  • the perforation density should be increased to ensure an overall perforation rate of not less than 25% to prevent the perforated plate from forming a significant low-frequency acoustic impedance and thereby affecting the performance of the speaker unit and the error microphone.
  • the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector 8 further includes a flange 84 that is connected to the housing and is used to fix the anti-current-induced secondary noise connector 8 on the distribution 1 side of the box body.
  • a fifth through hole is provided in a portion of the inner shell close to the sensing end surface 86.
  • the diameter of the fifth through hole is not greater than 2 mm, and the ratio of the area of the plurality of fifth through holes to the area of the part of the inner shell close to the sensing end surface 86 is not less than 25%.
  • the pipe wall at the interface between the bypass branch pipe and the pipe is perforated with high density and small aperture, so as to effectively guide the airflow in the pipe while ensuring sound transmission. flow.
  • the smaller the perforation diameter the lower the secondary noise generated at a certain flow rate. After research, it is found that a perforation diameter of not more than 2mm can meet the requirements of the project.
  • the perforation density should be increased to ensure an overall perforation rate of not less than 25% to prevent the perforated plate from forming significant low-frequency acoustic impedance and thus affecting the performance of the speaker unit and the error microphone.
  • first sealing element 82 which is arranged between the reference microphone 2 or/and the error microphone 4 and the inner shell wall surface 83 of the anti-current secondary noise structure.
  • the double-layer shell is cylindrical.
  • the anti-current-induced secondary noise structure is a cylindrical double-layer shell
  • the axis of the anti-current-induced secondary noise structure is perpendicular to the outer wall surface 13 of the distribution box
  • the inside of the double-sided shell It is filled with a first sound-absorbing material 81
  • the reference sound microphone and the error microphone 4 wrap the first sealing member 82 and are tightly embedded in the cylindrical inner shell wall 83 of the anti-current-induced secondary noise structure.
  • the diaphragm ends 21 and 41 of the reference microphone 2 and the error microphone 4 are close to the outer wall 13 of the distribution box, and the terminals 22 and 42 of the reference microphone 2 and the error microphone 4 are far away from the outer wall 13 of the distribution box, and It is exposed to the outer shell to facilitate the connection of the signal line 7.
  • the anti-current-induced secondary noise structure is connected to the outer wall 13 of the distribution box through its annular flange 84, and the second is used between the annular flange 84 and the outer wall 13 of the distribution box.
  • the sealing element 85 is sealed, the sensing end surface 86 is a through-hole plate parallel to the outer wall surface 13 of the distribution box, the part of the inner shell wall surface 83 close to the sensing end surface 86 is also a through hole structure, the sensing end surface 86 and the inner shell wall surface
  • the diameter of 83 through holes is not more than 2mm, and the through hole density is not less than 25%.

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Abstract

一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调，其中降噪分配箱包括参考传声器（2）通过第一连接部与分配箱本体（1）的进风端（11）连接，且第一连接部上设有第一通孔，次级扬声器（3）通过第二连接部与出风端（12）连接，且第二连接部上设有第二通孔；误差传声器（4）通过第三连接部与出风端（12）连接，且第三连接部上设有第三通孔。位于进风端（11）的参考传声器（2）通过第一通孔实时监测噪声信号，并传输至控制器（5），控制器（5）形成控制信号推动次级扬声器（3）发射反相声波，并通过第二通孔传至分配箱中从而抵消从进风端（11）传进来的噪声，误差传声器（4）通过第三通孔实时监测噪声抵消效果并回传至控制器（5），控制器（5）根据控制结果进行迭代调整输出的控制信号，从而使得出风端（12）位置的噪声得到抑制。

Description

一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调 技术领域
本发明涉及降噪技术领域，特别涉及一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调。
背景技术
随着现代社会的进步和人们生活水平的提高，噪声污染的问题日益突出，其中，通风管路系统噪声是常见的噪声源，例如中央空调系统出风口、船舶通风系统进/出风口辐射声等。随着列车技术的发展，对乘客舒适性的要求越来越高，控制列车上空调管路系统管口辐射噪声对提高乘客舒适性具有重要的意义。
空调管路噪声主要包括空调风机噪声及空气流动产生的二次噪声，其中空气流动产生的二次噪声经过布风管路的被动吸声能够得到较好的降噪效果，而空调风机噪声由于其低频噪声成分较多，布风管路的被动吸声方法对低频噪声降噪效果不理想，导致车厢内部主要的噪声源来自于空调风机噪声。
申请号201310184657.3的中国专利公开了一种用于通风管路系统的有源消声器，提出在通风管路设置扬声器单元、误差传感器单元和扬声器功率放大器板卡等元器件构成所述有源消声器，但是该有源消声器结构具有以下问题：1.构成有源消声器的扬声器单元、误差传感器单元和扬声器功率 放大器板卡等元器件需要安装在通风管道外侧，对于列车空调系统的管道来说没有足够的空间实现，要想实现需要改动列车的整体结构设计；2.为了均匀布风，列车布风管道现行设计为上游截面积大、下游截面积小的非均匀管道，且管道下方均匀布置通孔结构进行出风，无独立出风口，这种布风方式导致所述有源消声器应用到列车布风管道上之后无法取得明显的降噪效果。
申请号为201821773881.0的专利申请公开了一种列车空调主动降噪分配箱，包括分配箱本体、扬声器、误差传声器和控制器，其中扬声器设置在分配箱本体进风部上，误差传感器设置在分配箱本体出风部上，其中误差传声器实时监测噪声信号，并将信号传输至控制器，控制器通过内置的主动控制算法运算形成控制信号并传输至扬声器，扬声器发射控制声波抵消从进风部传进来的噪声从而使得出风部位置的噪声得到抑制。虽然该产品结构简单、成本低，但是控制效果和稳定性有待提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种降噪分配箱、空调管路系统及空调，用于提升降噪的控制效果和稳定性。
为了解决上述技术问题，根据第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种降噪分配箱，包括：
分配箱本体，所述分配箱本体设有进风端和出风端；
参考传声器，所述参考传声器通过第一连接部与所述进风端连接，且所述第一连接部上设有第一通孔；
次级扬声器，所述次级扬声器通过第二连接部与所述出风端连接，且所述第二连接部上设有第二通孔；
误差传声器，所述误差传声器通过第三连接部与所述出风端连接，且所述第三连接部上设有第三通孔；
控制器，与所述参考传声器、所述次级扬声器和所述误差传声器通信连接。
在发明实施例中，分配箱中位于进风端的参考传声器通过第一通孔实时监测分配箱中的噪声信号，并将噪声信号传输至控制器，控制器通过内置的主动控制算法根据次级通道参数和初级噪声信号特征运算形成控制信号推动次级扬声器发射反相声波，并将反相声波通过第二通孔传至分配箱中从而抵消从进风端传进来的噪声，在出风端位置的误差传声器通过第三通孔实时监测噪声抵消效果并回传至控制器，控制器根据控制结果进行迭代调整输出的控制信号，从而使得出风端位置的噪声得到抑制，从而可以提升降噪的控制效果和稳定性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面第一实施方式中，降噪分配箱还包括功率放大器：所述功率放大器，设置在所述分配箱本体上，一端与所述控制器通信连接，另一端与所述次级扬声器通信连接。
结合第一方面及第一方面第一实施方式，在第一方面第二实施方式中，所述参考传声器通过抗流激二次噪声连接件与所述进风端的所述第一连接部连接；或/和，所述误差传声器通过抗流激二次噪声连接件与所述出风端的所述第三连接部连接。
结合第一方面第二实施方式，在第一方面第三实施方式中，所述抗流 激二次噪声连接件包括：
传感端面，所述传感端面上设有第四通孔；
双层壳体，设置在所述传感端面的上方；
第一吸声材料，填充在所述双侧壳体的内壳与外壳之间；
所述参考传声器或/和误差传声器内嵌于所述抗流激二次噪声连接件的内壳壁面，且所述参考传声器或/和误差传声器的振膜端靠近所述分配箱本体外壁面，所述参考传声器或/和误差传声器的接线端远离所述分配箱本体外壁面。
结合第一方面第三实施方式，在第一方面第四实施方式中，所述第一连接部上的第一通孔为一个，且所述传感端面的面积与所述第一通孔的面积相同；和/或，所述第三连接部上的第三通孔为一个，且所述传感端面的面积与所述第三通孔的面积相同。
结合第一方面第三实施方式，在第一方面第五实施方式中，所述抗流激二次噪声连接件还包括法兰，所述法兰与所述外壳连接，用于将所述抗流激二次噪声连接件固定在所述分配箱本体外壁面上。
结合第一方面第三实施方式，在第一方面第六实施方式中，所述内壳靠近所述传感端面的部分设有第五通孔。
结合第一方面第六实施方式，在第一方面第七实施方式中，所述第二通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第二通孔的面积和与所述第二连接部的面积比值不低于25％；或/和，所述第四通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第四通孔的面积和与所述传感端面面积比值不低于25％；或/和，所述第五通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第五通孔的面积和与所述内壳靠 近所述传感端面的部分的面积的比值不低于25％。
结合第一方面第三实施方式，在第一方面第八实施方式中，还包括第一密封件，所述第一密封件设置在所述参考传声器或/和误差传声器与所述抗流激二次噪声结构的内壳壁面之间。
结合第一方面第五实施方式，在第一方面第九实施方式中，还包括第二密封件或/和第三密封件；所述第二密封件设置在所述抗流激二次噪声连接件的法兰与所述分配箱本体外壁面的接合处；所述第三密封件设置在所述次级扬声器与所述分配箱本体外壁面的接合处。
结合第一方面及第一方面第一实施方式，在第一方面第十实施方式中，还包括第二吸声材料，所述第二吸声材料包覆于所述次级扬声器的背侧。
结合第一方面及第一方面第一实施方式，在第一方面第十一实施方式中，所述一个参考传声器对应连接在一个所述进风端上；或/和，所述次级扬声器对应设置一个所述出风端上；或/和，所述一个误差传声器对应连接在一个所述出风端上。
结合第一方面及第一方面第一实施方式，在第一方面第十二实施方式中，所述的降噪分配箱包括至少两个出风端。
结合第一方面第三实施方式，在第一方面第十三实施方式中，所述双层壳体为圆柱形。
结合第一方面第十三实施方式，在第一方面第十四实施方式中，所述抗流激二次噪声连接件的轴线垂直于所述分配箱本体外壁面。
结合第一方面及第一方面第一实施方式，在第一方面第十五实施方式中，所述控制器采用DSP+FPGA为核心的硬件架构。
根据第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种空调管路系统，包括空调主机、布风管道，以及设置在所述空调主机和布风管道之间的如本发明第一方面或本发明第一方面任一实施方式所述的降噪分配箱。
根据第三方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种空调，包括空调主机、布风管道，以及设置在所述空调主机和布风管道之间的如本发明第一方面或本发明第一方面任一实施方式所述的降噪分配箱。
附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用于解释目的，而不意图以任何方式来限制本发明公开的范围。另外，图中的各部件的形状和比例尺寸等仅为示意性的，用于帮助对本发明的理解，并不是具体限定本发明各部件的形状和比例尺寸。本领域的技术人员在本发明的教导下，可以根据具体情况选择各种可能的形状和比例尺寸来实施本发明。在附图中：
图1是本发明一具体实施例的列车空调主动降噪分配箱的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一具体实施例的抗流激二次噪声结构示意图。
图中所示：1-分配箱本体、11-进风端、12-出风端、13-分配箱本体外壁面、2-参考传声器、21-参考传声器振膜端、22-参考传声器接线端、3-次级扬声器、4-误差传声器、41-误差传声器振膜端、42-误差传声器接线端、5-控制器、6-功率放大器、7-信号线、8-抗流激二次噪声连接件、81-第一吸声材料、82-第一密封件、83-内壳壁面、84-法兰、85-第二密封件、86-传感端面。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施例。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
在应用申请号为201821773881.0的专利申请公开的列车空调主动降噪分配箱的过程中发现该产品的控制效果和稳定性欠佳。经过分析发现，控制效果和稳定性欠佳的原因包括：在上述分配箱上游入口处设置次级声源(扬声器)，同时对下游两个出口处的噪声进行控制，存在两个出口处控制效果串扰的问题，且次级声源到下游出口处距离较远、噪声传递路径更为复杂，其稳定性欠佳。
实施例1
结合图1，本发明实施例1提供了一种降噪分配箱，应用于列车空调。该分配箱包括：分配箱本体1，所述分配箱本体1设有进风端11和出风端12；参考传声器2，所述参考传声器2通过第一连接部与所述进风端11连接，且所述第一连接部上设有第一通孔；次级扬声器3，所述次级扬声器3通过第二连接部与所述出风端12连接，且所述第二连接部上设有第二通孔；误差传声器4，所述误差传声器4通过第三连接部与所述出风端12连接，且所述第三连接部上设有第三通孔；控制器5与所述参考传声器2、所述次级扬声器3和所述误差传声器4通信连接。
作为一个具体的实施方式，控制器5可以设置在分配箱本体上。
在发明实施例1中，分配箱中位于进风端11的参考传声器2通过第一通孔实时监测分配箱中的噪声信号，并将噪声信号传输至控制器5，控制器5通过内置的主动控制算法根据次级通道(次级通道是专有名词，指的是从电信号到最终控制目标位置的声信号的整个传递通道，包括管路特征，但还包括电路特征、电声换能结构特征等)参数和初级噪声(初级噪声指的就是从进风端进来的、需要被控制的初始噪声)信号特征运算形成控制信号推动次级扬声器3发射反相声波，并将反相声波通过第二通孔传至分配箱中从而抵消从进风端11传进来的噪声，在出风端12位置的误差传声器4通过第三通孔实时监测噪声抵消效果并回传至控制器5，控制器5根据控制结果进行迭代调整输出的控制信号，从而使得出风端12位置的噪声得到抑制，从而可以提升降噪的控制效果和稳定性。
根据声波导传播的原理，所述出风端12口位置的噪声得到控制后就不 会往下游的布风管道传播噪声，从而使得整个车厢的噪声水平降低，实现列车空调主机的主动噪声控制。
作为具体的实施方式，所述第二通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第二通孔的面积和与所述第二连接部的面积比值不低于25％。在本发明实施例中为抑制高流速下的二次噪声问题，对上述旁支管与管道交界面处的管壁进行高密度、小孔径穿孔，从而在保证透声的同时对管内气流进行有效导流。该穿孔直径越小，在一定流速下产生的二次噪声就越低，经过研究发现，不大于2mm的穿孔直径即可满足项目要求。但在减小穿孔直径的同时应提高穿孔密度，保证不低于25％的整体穿孔率，防止该穿孔板形成显著的低频声阻抗进而影响扬声器单元和误差传声器的性能。
进一步的，如图1所示，在图1所述的降噪分配箱中还包括功率放大器6，所述功率放大器6，设置在所述分配箱本体1上，一端与所述控制器5通信连接，另一端与所述次级扬声器3通信连接。在本发明实施例1中，功率放大器6用于将控制器5中输出的控制信号进行放大，并将放大后的控制信号输入至次级扬声器3，由此可以提高控制的准确度。
进一步的，在本发明实施例1中，所述一个参考传声器2对应连接在一个所述进风端11上；或/和，所述一个次级扬声器3对应设置一个所述出风端12上；或/和，所述一个误差传声器4对应连接在一个所述出风端12上。所述出风端12至少为两个。具体到图1中，所述分配箱本体1包括进风端11和至少两个出风端12，所述进风端11与处于列车空调系统上游的空调主机连接，每个所述出风端12与其所在分支管路的下游布风管道连接，空调主机产生的气流从进风端11进入分配箱本体1，经分配箱本体分流后 由每个出风端12流向下游布风管道。所述进风端11为一个，所述参考传声器2设置在进风端11。所述出风端12的数量根据列车实际情况设置，本实施例中，所述出风端12设有两个，所述次级扬声器33和误差传声器44的数量和所述出风端1212的数量保持一致，一个所述次级扬声器3和一个所述误差传声器4配对设置在一个所述出风端12处上，所述参考传声器2和所述误差传声器4与分配箱本体1所接触的分配箱外壁面位置处(即第一连接部和第三连接部)设有若干个通孔(即第一通孔和第三通孔)，使得所述参考传声器2和所述误差传声器4能够透过通孔采集到分配箱内部的声压信号，所述次级扬声器3与所述分配箱本体1所接触的分配箱外壁面位置处(即第三连接部)设有若干个通孔(即第三通孔)，使得次级扬声器3发出的反相次级声波能够透过通孔传播进入分配箱内部从而抵消噪声。所述控制器5通过信号线7与所述参考传声器2和所述误差传声器4连接接收参考信号和误差信号并生成控制信号，所述控制器5通过信号线7与所述功率放大器6连接并将控制信号传输给所述功率放大器6，所述功率放大器6将接收到的控制信号进行放大，并通过信号线7推动所述次级扬声器3发出反相次级声波进行主动噪声控制。
进一步的，在本发明实施例1的降噪分配箱中，所述参考传声器2通过抗流激二次噪声连接件8与所述进风端11的第一连接部连接；或/和，所述误差传声器4通过抗流激二次噪声连接件8与所述出风端12的第三连接部连接。
进一步的，如图1所示，在图1所述的降噪分配箱中，还包括第二密封件85或/和第三密封件；所述第二密封件85设置在所述抗流激二次噪声 连接件8与所述分配箱本体1外壁面13的接合处；所述第三密封件设置在所述次级扬声器3与所述分配箱本体1外壁面13的接合处。
进一步的，如图1所示，在图1所述的降噪分配箱中，还包括第二吸声材料，所述第二吸声材料包覆于所述次级扬声器3的背侧。第二吸声材料可以吸收次级扬声器3的后腔辐射声，由此可以进一步提升降噪的效果。
进一步的，在本发明实施例1的降噪分配箱中，所述控制器5采用DSP+FPGA为核心的硬件架构。
本发明实施例1中，列车空调管路系统在空调主机和布风管道之间设置将空调气流分配到各个布风管道的分配箱，分配箱位于布风管道的上游入口和空调主机的出口位置。列车上，采用所述列车空调主动降噪分配箱，在空调主机的出口和布风管道的入口之间完成主动降噪，隔绝了空调主机噪声沿着布风管道弥散的途径，同时又不影响均匀布风的效果，实现低频噪声控制。所述列车空调主动降噪分配箱结构紧凑，可以直接安装于现有列车结构，解决了现有主动控制技术在列车空调管道系统应用时与车体结构、布风均匀性相冲突的问题，提高了乘客的乘坐舒适性。
实施例2
本发明实施例2提供了一种抗流激二次噪声连接件8的具体结构。如图2所述，该连接件包括传感端面86，所述传感端面86上设有第四通孔；双层壳体，设置在所述传感端面86的上方；第一吸声材料81，填充在所述双侧壳体的内壳与外壳之间；所述参考传声器2或/和误差传声器4内嵌于所述抗流激二次噪声连接件8的内壳壁面83，且所述参考传声器2或/和误 差传声器4的振膜端靠近所述分配箱本体1面，所述参考传声器2或/和误差传声器4的接线端远离所述分配箱本体1面。
作为具体的实施方式，所述第四通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第四通孔的面积和与所述传感端面86面积比值不低于25％。在本发明实施例中为抑制高流速下的二次噪声问题，对上述旁支管与管道交界面处的管壁进行高密度、小孔径穿孔，从而在保证透声的同时对管内气流进行有效导流。该穿孔直径越小，在一定流速下产生的二次噪声就越低，经过研究发现，不大于2mm的穿孔直径即可满足项目要求。但在减小穿孔直径的同时应提高穿孔密度，保证不低于25％的整体穿孔率，防止该穿孔板形成显著的低频声阻抗进而影响扬声器单元和误差传声器的性能。
进一步的，所述抗流激二次噪声连接件8还包括法兰84，所述法兰84与所述外壳连接，用于将所述抗流激二次噪声连接件8固定在所述分配箱本体1面上。
进一步的，所述内壳靠近所述传感端面86的部分设有第五通孔。
作为具体的实施方式，所述第五通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第五通孔的面积和与所述内壳靠近所述传感端面86的部分的面积的比值不低于25％。在本发明实施例中为抑制高流速下的二次噪声问题，对上述旁支管与管道交界面处的管壁进行高密度、小孔径穿孔，从而在保证透声的同时对管内气流进行有效导流。该穿孔直径越小，在一定流速下产生的二次噪声就越低，经过研究发现，不大于2mm的穿孔直径即可满足项目要求。但在减小穿孔直径的同时应提高穿孔密度，保证不低于25％的整体穿孔率，防止该穿孔板形成显著的低频声阻抗进而影响扬声器单元和误差传声器的 性能。
进一步的，还包括第一密封件82，所述第一密封件82设置在所述参考传声器2或/和误差传声器4与所述抗流激二次噪声结构的内壳壁面83之间。
进一步的，所述双层壳体为圆柱形。
也就是说，在图2中，所述抗流激二次噪声结构为圆柱形双层壳体，所述抗流激二次噪声结构的轴线垂直于分配箱外壁面13，双侧壳体内部填充有第一吸声材料81，所述参考传声和所述误差传声器4包裹第一密封件82后紧密内嵌于所述抗流激二次噪声结构的圆柱形内壳壁面83，所述参考传声器2和所述误差传声器4的振膜端21和41和靠近分配箱外壁面13，所述参考传声器2和所述误差传声器4的接线端22和42和远离分配箱外壁面13，并露出于外层壳体便于连接信号线7，所述抗流激二次噪声结构通过其环形法兰84与分配箱外壁面13连接，环形法兰84与分配箱外壁面13之间使用第二密封件85进行密封，传感端面86为平行于分配箱外壁面13的通孔板，内壳壁面83靠近传感端面86的部分也为通孔结构，所述传感端面86和内壳壁面83通孔的直径不大于2mm，通孔密度不低于25％。
应该理解，以上描述是为了进行图示说明而不是为了进行限制。通过阅读上述描述，在所提供的示例之外的许多实施例和许多应用对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的。因此，本教导的范围不应该参照上述描述来确定，而是应该参照前述权利要求以及这些权利要求所拥有的等价物的全部范围来确定。出于全面之目的，所有文章和参考包括专利申请和公告的公开都通过参考结合在本文中。在前述权利要求中省略这里公开的主题 的任何方面并不是为了放弃该主体内容，也不应该认为申请人没有将该主题考虑为所公开的发明主题的一部分。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种降噪分配箱，其特征在于，包括：
    分配箱本体(1)，所述分配箱本体(1)设有进风端(11)和出风端(12)；
    参考传声器(2)，所述参考传声器(2)通过第一连接部与所述进风端(11)连接，且所述第一连接部上设有第一通孔；
    次级扬声器(3)，所述次级扬声器(3)通过第二连接部与所述出风端(12)连接，且所述第二连接部上设有第二通孔；
    误差传声器(4)，所述误差传声器(4)通过第三连接部与所述出风端(12)连接，且所述第三连接部上设有第三通孔；
    控制器(5)，与所述参考传声器(2)、所述次级扬声器(3)和所述误差传声器(4)通信连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于，还包括功率放大器(6)，所述功率放大器(6)，设置在所述分配箱本体(1)上，一端与所述控制器(5)通信连接，另一端与所述次级扬声器(3)通信连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于：
    所述参考传声器(2)通过抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)与所述进风端(11)的所述第一连接部连接；
    或/和，所述误差传声器(4)通过抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)与所述出风端(12)的所述第三连接部连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于，所述抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)包括：
    传感端面(86)，所述传感端面(86)上设有第四通孔；
    双层壳体，设置在所述传感端面(86)的上方；
    第一吸声材料(81)，填充在所述双层壳体的内壳与外壳之间；
    所述参考传声器(2)或/和误差传声器(4)内嵌于所述抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)的内壳壁面(83)，且所述参考传声器(2)或/和误差传声器(4)的振膜端靠近所述分配箱本体外壁面(13)，所述参考传声器(2)或/和误差传声器(4)的接线端远离所述分配箱本体外壁面(13)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于：
    所述第一连接部上的第一通孔为一个，且所述传感端面(86)的面积与所述第一通孔的面积相同；
    和/或，所述第三连接部上的第三通孔为一个，且所述传感端面(86)的面积与所述第三通孔的面积相同。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于，所述抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)还包括法兰(84)，所述法兰(84)与所述外壳连接，用于将所述抗流激二次噪声连接件(8)固定在所述分配箱本体外壁面(13)上。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于，所述内壳靠近所述传感端面(86)的部分设有第五通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的降噪分配箱，其特征在于，
    所述第二通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第二通孔的面积和与所述第二连接部的面积比值不低于25％；
    或/和，所述第四通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第四通孔的面积和与所述传感端面(86)面积比值不低于25％；
    或/和，所述第五通孔的直径不大于2mm，若干个所述第五通孔的面积和与所述内壳靠近所述传感端面(86)的部分的面积的比值不低于25％。
  9. 一种空调管路系统，包括空调主机、布风管道，以及设置在所述空调主机和布风管道之间的如权利要求1～8任一所述的降噪分配箱。
  10. 一种空调，包括空调主机、布风管道，以及设置在所述空调主机和布风管道之间的如权利要求1～8任一所述的降噪分配箱。
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