WO2021093738A1 - Thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine for implementing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a thermodynamic cycle method and a heat engine for implementing said method; the thermodynamic cycle is: using a high-temperature ceramic honeycomb regenerator (2) for performing a rapid and efficient heat exchange function on a gas to enable low-temperature gas to rapidly exchange heat and expand in a closed chamber so as to obtain pressure and work, or using a high-efficiency heat-conducting material to quickly introduce heat into the closed chamber, quickly exchanging heat with low-temperature gas, heating up, and expanding to obtain pressure and work, and outputting power, and recovering exhaust gas heat energy to greatly improve efficiency.

Description

Thermal cycle method and thermal engine for realizing the method Technical field

This application relates to the field of thermal energy and power engineering technology. Its thermal cycle is to use the ceramic honeycomb regenerator to quickly and efficiently exchange heat to the gas to make the low-temperature gas in a confined space quickly exchange heat and expand to obtain pressure and work, or use high-efficiency heat conduction materials to quickly introduce heat energy Confined space, rapid heat exchange with low temperature gas, temperature rise and expansion, obtain pressure work, output power, and recover the heat energy of working fluid to greatly improve efficiency. Especially related to the field of power machinery such as thermal engines.

Background technique

In the rapid development of human society in the past 400 years, thermal power machinery (referred to as heat engine) has played a very important role-the steam engine is known as the symbol of the first industrial revolution, and the internal combustion engine is one of the symbols of the second industrial revolution. One. Steam engines, steam turbines, diesel engines, gasoline engines, Stirling engines, gas turbines, jet engines, gas-steam combined devices and nuclear power plants are all heat engines. The thermal efficiency and energy saving issues of heat engines have been paid attention to for more than 300 years.

The practical steam engine has a history of more than 300 years, and its thermal efficiency has increased from 0.9% at that time to the highest 49% of modern steam turbines. In order to reduce the final exhaust pressure and improve thermal efficiency, modern steam-powered condensers increase the initial pressure and temperature of steam, and reduce the back pressure of the condenser to obtain an increase in thermal efficiency. The supercritical pressure is now greater than 22.1mpa, which is more than 22.1mpa. Supercritical is when the pressure is greater than 27mpa or the steam temperature is above 600/620 degrees Celsius, which took nearly three hundred years. One of the characteristics of steam power is that the power of a single unit is extremely large, so large thermal power plants use steam turbine power almost without exception.

The first practical internal combustion engine can be traced back to the original internal combustion engine in Reno in 1860. It has a history of nearly 160 years. Its thermal efficiency has increased from 2 to 3% at that time to the current highest level of 55.4%. Since the 1950s, supercharging technology has been applied, similar to the combined cycle of a piston internal combustion engine and a gas turbine. The explosion pressure has been greatly increased and the thermal efficiency has been improved year by year. If the steam power provided for the waste heat boiler is taken into account, it can be increased by 4 to 5%, and the thermal efficiency of the high-speed diesel engine in use is close to 45%. To improve the thermal efficiency of gasoline engines, according to Carnot’s principle, increase its compression ratio. Under the current common compression ratios of gasoline engines, its thermal efficiency is between 22-30%, up to 41%. In automobiles, internal combustion engines are used almost without exception. . The gas turbine jet engine occupies a hegemonic position in aviation.

Since 1816, the pastor of London, Robert Stirling, put forward the idea of a piston-type hot gas engine—the Stirling engine. This is an externally heated closed-cycle engine. The working principle is a general Carnot cycle. The key is Realize heat recovery. For hundreds of years, the development of the Stirling machine has been entangled with steam engines and internal combustion engines. It is compatible with various fuels like steam engine boilers. It has high efficiency, few moving parts, low pollution and low noise, but the heat recovery is not complete. The sealing is complicated, the leakage is serious, the torque is small, and the material requirements are high for long-term work at high temperatures. The increase in volume and cost due to the heat insulation design has always been in an embarrassing position. Now it is mainly used for submarine engines, solar power heat engines, and waste heat recovery. In other fields, the thermal efficiency is generally up to 25-35%, and the highest is 47%.

Gas turbines have first been used in aviation and then in power generation since the 1940s, with a thermal efficiency of only 20-30%. In order to avoid the increase of fuel gas temperature and increase the emission of NOx, a regenerator is used to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber to reduce the final temperature of the exhaust gas, and the compressor can be intercooled, and the thermal efficiency can reach 43-44%. If the higher temperature exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler to generate steam, the power thermal efficiency is 5-10% higher than that of an ordinary steam turbine. Gas-steam power combined device is the current development direction of thermal power plants, and the thermal efficiency of power generation is as high as 55%.

Practical nuclear power began in 1954. It is mainly used for large nuclear-powered ships and more for power generation; the primary circuit of nuclear power equipment is unique, but the secondary circuit is not different from conventional steam turbine installations in principle. Steam turbine power plant, so the heat energy that is not converted into electrical energy may be as high as 60% and cause thermal pollution. As for the application of nuclear reactor heat energy according to the principle of gas turbine installation, it is still under discussion.

There are a large number of treatises, textbooks, and papers on the thermodynamic cycle theory and practice of existing heat engines, so I won’t repeat them here; according to the existing thermodynamic cycle methods, various types of heat engines have approached high parameters, high thermal efficiency, and large capacity. The structural composition is becoming more and more complex and sophisticated, which has also led to increasing costs. There is room for further improvement, but it is already very difficult. Just as the performance of the 100-meter race in sports is now very difficult to improve by a small point. Most internal combustion engines can only use fossil fuels such as petroleum products. Aviation engines can only burn aviation gasoline and aviation kerosene. Automobile engines can only burn gasoline and diesel. Even the combustion of natural gas has to undergo complex modifications. In order to improve efficiency, the combustion temperature is increased. The increase in temperature leads to the increase in emissions and the increase in combustion pressure leads to the continuous increase in noise. It is urgent to solve this problem. For example, in order to avoid the harm of combustion pollution, some countries in the automotive field have even decided to develop pure electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Replace the internal combustion engine. Moreover, existing heat engines are difficult to miniaturize. For example, a 400-watt micro gas turbine produced in Japan costs 160,000, which has no commercial promotion value.

Committed to the improvement of reliability and durability, the improvement of emission pollution, and the use of renewable energy are still issues of concern to mankind in the foreseeable future. However, to further increase the thermal efficiency of heat engines by a large margin can only find another way.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a thermodynamic cycle method and a heat engine for implementing the method.

The purpose of this application is to propose a new thermal cycle method that can recover almost all of the "exhaust gas" heat, and design various new types of heat engines based on this, so that the efficiency is greatly or even doubled, and it is compatible with various fuels and eliminates combustion. Pollution, noise reduction, simple structure, low price, and can be miniaturized, so as to widely replace existing internal combustion engines, Stirling engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, jet engines and other types of heat engines in various fields.

The solutions of the present invention to solve the above technical problems are as follows:

The thermal cycle method uses a non-combustion method to send heat through a heat storage carrier into a closed chamber, and then organizes the low-temperature working fluid gas and the heat storage carrier to exchange heat quickly and expand to obtain pressure work in the closed chamber.

Including the 4 steps of the following cycle:

(1) Heat energy introduction stage: the heat energy of the heat source is transferred to the heat storage carrier and enters the preset closed chamber;

(2) Heat transfer and expansion work stage: Preset the low-temperature working fluid gas and the heat storage carrier in the closed chamber to quickly exchange heat. After the low-temperature working fluid gas heats up, the temperature is increased to obtain the expansion pressure to perform work and output power;

(3) Thermal energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working fluid gas becomes high-temperature working fluid gas after heat exchange and expansion to perform work. The temperature of the working fluid gas is reduced through heat exchange, and the heat of this part of the working fluid gas is exported out of the closed chamber;

(4) Enter the next cycle stage: the heat storage carrier and working fluid gas return to their initial state, and the next cycle begins.

The heat storage carrier is a heat storage body structure, the heat storage body structure is a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and the heat exchange expansion work stage is the heat exchange expansion of the heat storage body and the low-temperature working fluid gas to perform work.

The heat storage carrier is a heat-conducting heat exchange structure, and the part of the heat-conducting heat exchange structure in the closed chamber is a telescopic expansion structure. When it is contracted and squeezed together, it is a heat-conducting structure, and when it is expanded in a closed chamber, it is heat exchange Structure; The heat exchange expansion work stage is the heat exchange and expansion work of the heat conduction heat exchange structure and the low-temperature working fluid gas.

The heat storage carrier is a heat storage body structure, preferably a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, the heat exchange expansion work stage is the heat storage body and the low-temperature working medium gas heat exchange temperature to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium gas, the working medium gas is preferably air , As an auxiliary gas and fuel combustion reaction to produce high-pressure expansion to do work; the heat energy recovery stage is a heat-conducting heat exchange structure to recover the heat of the exhaust gas ejected from the closed chamber.

More specific:

The thermodynamic cycle method adopts a non-combustion method to send heat into the heat storage structure or the heat transfer structure in the closed chamber, and then organizes the low-temperature gas and the heat exchange in the closed chamber to rapidly heat up and expand to obtain pressure work. It is characterized by: including the following cycles The 4 steps:

(1) Heat energy introduction stage: The heat source generates clean flue gas to heat the heat storage body structure. The heat storage body structure is preferably the ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure. If the heat source flue gas does not meet the requirements, a thermal energy conversion device can be set to convert the flue gas heat into clean heat. The high-temperature heating gas (working fluid gas) heats the regenerator structure, and the regenerator structure after the heat storage has been heated up is directly sent to the preset closed chamber as the heat storage carrier; it can also be made of materials with good thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance. Special design The heat-conducting heat exchange structure directly introduces the heat of the heat source into the preset closed chamber, and the part of the heat-conducting heat exchange structure in the closed chamber acts as a heat storage carrier, and has a fast heat exchange function design. It is a retractable structure, (when When contracted and extruded together, it is a heat-conducting structure that performs the function of importing or exporting heat; when it is expanded in a closed chamber, it can convectively exchange heat with the gas tissue due to the huge surface area, that is, the large heat exchange area and the high thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. To achieve rapid heat exchange, it is a heat exchange structure).

(2) Heat exchange expansion and work stage: The low or normal temperature working fluid gas and the heat storage structure in the closed chamber are preset to quickly exchange heat. After the low temperature working fluid gas is heat exchanged, the temperature will increase and expand to obtain pressure work and output power. Or quickly exchange heat with the heat-conducting heat exchange structure: when the heat-conducting heat exchange structure is deployed in a part of the closed chamber, the low-temperature working fluid gas enters the heat sink intermittent with its huge contact area, and the convective heat exchange rapidly heats up and expands to do work. Output Power.

(3) Thermal energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working gas becomes high-temperature working gas after heat exchange. Although the temperature drops after expansion and work, it still contains more heat energy. If it is an external cycle, for example, air is used as the working gas, after expansion and work The high-temperature air is directly sent to the external heat source such as the combustion furnace to recover all the heat energy; if it is internal circulation, the temperature of the working fluid is reduced by heat exchange, and the heat is exported to the closed chamber.

(4) Enter the next cycle stage: the heat storage structure is removed from the closed chamber and reheated to start the heat storage and temperature rise stage, the working fluid gas returns to the initial state (for the outer cycle, the working fluid gas such as air is replaced), heat storage The carrier etc. also return to the initial state and start the next cycle.

There is a special case: the heat storage carrier and the low-temperature working gas in the closed chamber heat up to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working gas. If the working gas is preferably a gas that can participate in the combustion reaction such as air, the high-temperature and high-pressure air is used as an auxiliary gas to further interact with the fuel. The combustion reaction produces greater pressure, heating up and expanding to do work; and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged at a high speed to obtain recoil momentum. In the heat recovery stage, a heat-conducting heat exchange structure is used to recover the heat of the exhaust gas ejected from the closed chamber.

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of an adiabatic cylinder block (8), a heat exchange chamber (9), a heat exchange chamber piston (23), an intake chamber (10), a cylinder chamber (11), and an air pressurized chamber ( 12), piston (13), piston rod (14), ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure (2), one-way air inlet (15), pressure exhaust valve (16), exhaust port (17), high temperature smoke Air valve (18), low temperature flue gas valve (19), one-way air flow channel (20), pressure air inlet (21), one-way valve (22) and control device, pressure air pipe (25), high temperature and low oxygen Combustion gas mixing chamber (26), combustion furnace (270, reburning denitrifier (28), fuel pipe (29), high temperature and low oxygen combustion gas pipe (30), high temperature flue gas pipe (31), reversing valve (32), Low temperature flue gas pipe (33), low temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34), return flue gas pipe (35), high temperature air pipe (36), clean gas generator; inlet chamber (10) and at least one heat exchange The chamber (9) is connected by at least one one-way air flow channel (20) provided with a one-way valve (22), the piston (13) and the piston rod (14) divide the remaining part of the enclosed space of the insulated cylinder block (8) into The cylinder chamber (11) and the air pressurizing chamber (12) are two parts, the heat exchange chamber (9) and the cylinder chamber are connected by at least one one-way air flow channel (20) provided with a one-way valve (22), and the air inlet chamber (10) is provided with a pressure inlet (21), which is connected to the pressure exhaust valve 15 on the air pressurizing chamber (12) through a pressure inlet pipe. At least one heat exchange structure unit filled with ceramic honeycomb regenerator is installed symmetrically In the chamber (9), the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure (2) is provided with at least one independent unit;

The middle of the heat exchange chamber (9) is an air inlet chamber (10);

The control device controls and adjusts the intake air frequency, pressure, and the number of heat storage units participating in the thermal energy cycle;

The air inlet of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with at least one high temperature flue gas valve (18), and the air outlet is provided with at least one low temperature flue gas valve (19);

The high-temperature air pipe (36) connects the exhaust port of the engine with the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), the high-temperature and low-oxygen mixing chamber (26) communicates with the combustion furnace (27), the combustion furnace (27) and the reburning denitrifier (28) ) Are connected; the reburning denitrifier (28) has a high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting pipe (30) and a return flue gas pipe (35) respectively connected to the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), and a high-temperature flue gas pipe ( 31) It is connected to the engine heat exchange chamber through the reversing valve (32), and a return flue gas pipe (35) leads into the high temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber; the high temperature flue gas pipe (31) is connected to the engine through a high temperature flue gas valve The heat chamber (9), and the low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected to the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) by the low-temperature flue gas pipe (33); the pressure exhaust port of the engine is connected by the pressure air pipe (25) and the low-temperature flue gas The gas heat exchanger (34) is connected to the engine pressure air inlet after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger;

An intake piston (23) connected with a push-pull structure is arranged in the intake chamber (10), and an air hole (24) is arranged on the side wall of the intake piston (23).

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of a heat exchange structure, a heat exchange structure, and an expansion work structure. The work piston separates the cylinder chamber of the expansion work structure into a left high temperature expansion chamber (53) and a right high temperature expansion chamber (54). ), the high-temperature expansion chamber of heat exchange structure one (51) communicates with the left high-temperature expansion chamber (53) of the expansion work structure, the high-temperature expansion chamber of heat exchange structure two (52) and the right high-temperature expansion chamber (54) of the expansion work structure Interlinked.

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of a heat exchange chamber (37), a cooling chamber (38), a heat exchange piston and a driving mechanism (39), a thermal insulation film (40), a cooling air chamber (41) and high temperature expansion Chamber (42), insulated cylinder block (8), working piston and piston rod (46), power output mechanism (47), clean combustion furnace system (48), heat conduction plate (55), heater (56), high temperature process It is composed of a mass gas pipe (57), a driving pump (58), a gas return pipe (59), and a heat exchange working fluid gas. The heat exchange chamber (37) is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb regenerator structures (2), and passes through the air inlet valve (43) is connected to the cooling air chamber (41), and is connected to the high temperature expansion chamber through the exhaust valve (44); the cooling chamber (41) is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb regenerator structures (2), through the exhaust valve ( 44) is connected with the cooling air chamber (41), and is connected with the high temperature expansion chamber (42) through the return air valve (45). The working piston and piston rod (46) are connected with the power output mechanism (47), the cylinder chamber is connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure, and the combustion furnace (48) and the heat exchange chamber are connected with the high-temperature flue gas pipe (31). The cooling chamber is connected through the high temperature air pipe (36), and the low temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) is connected to the heat exchange chamber (37) and the cooling chamber (38) through the low temperature flue gas pipe (33) and the hot air pipe (49) respectively ；

The clean combustion furnace system (48) conducts heat conduction and heat transfer through the heat conducting plate (55), and the high temperature working medium gas pipe is connected to the heater 56 and the high temperature flue gas valve (18) on the heat exchange chamber (37), and the return pipe (59) The drive pump (58), the heater (56) and the low temperature flue gas valve (19) on the heat exchange chamber (37) are connected to form a closed circulation pipeline.

It is composed of a heat conducting plate (55) and a fixed heat sink (60). The heat conducting plate (55) and the fixed heat sink (60) have a composite structure, and at least one fixed heat sink (60) is connected with the heat conducting plate (55).

The enclosed space of the shell consists of a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a hook plate (65), a push-pull structure (64), a low-temperature air chamber (63), and a piston plate (62). The hook plate ( The length of 65) is determined according to the moving position of the movable heat sink (61), the hook plate (65) is connected to the movable heat sink (61), the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected to the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65), the piston Holes are provided on the board (62).

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a piston plate (62), a low-temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull structure (64), and a movable heat sink hook (65). ), insulated cylinder block (8), intake port (66), high temperature exhaust valve (67), expansion work chamber (68), closed air chamber (69), return air piston (70), power output mechanism (71) ) And other components, the heat conducting plate (55) and the insulated cylinder block (8) are enclosed into two relatively independent parts, and the piston plate (62) divides the space in the heat exchange structure into two parts: the upper part is a high-temperature gas chamber, and the lower part is a low-temperature gas chamber. Air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable heat sinks (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber (63) is provided with an air inlet, and the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected to the piston plate (62) and movable heat dissipation The expansion work structure chamber enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder block is divided into an expansion work chamber and a closed air chamber by the return piston. The top of the high temperature air chamber communicates with the expansion work chamber, and the expansion work chamber has a high temperature exhaust on the side wall. Air valve; the return air piston (70) is connected with the power output mechanism (71).

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a piston plate (62), a low-temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull structure (64), and a movable heat sink hook (65). ), insulated cylinder block (8), cooler (73), one-way air return valve (72), expansion work chamber (68), closed air chamber (69), return air piston (70), power output mechanism (71) ) And working fluid gas; the heat conduction plate (55) and the adiabatic cylinder block (8) enclose two relatively independent spaces; the piston plate (62) separates the space in the heat exchange structure into a high-temperature gas chamber and a low-temperature gas chamber (63 ); At least two layers of movable radiating fins (61) are arranged in the high-temperature gas chamber; the push-pull structure (64) connects the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65) of the movable radiating fin at the same time, and the expansion structure enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder body The chamber is divided into an expansion work chamber and a closed air chamber by the return air piston. The piston plate (62) on the top of the high temperature air chamber communicates with the expansion work chamber above the upper limit; the bottom of the low temperature air chamber is provided with a heat conduction plate (55), and the low temperature air The bottom of the chamber is connected with the expansion work chamber through an air return valve; the air return piston (70) is connected with the power output mechanism (71).

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method is composed of a left heat exchange structure (102), a right heat exchange structure (103), and an expansion work structure, and is characterized in that the work piston divides the cylinder chamber of the expansion work structure into a left expansion work chamber (100) and the right expansion work chamber (101), the high and low temperature air chambers of the left heat exchange structure communicate with the left expansion work chamber (100) of the expansion work structure through pipes, and the high and low temperature air chambers of the right heat exchange structure (102) The chamber communicates with the right expansion work chamber (101) of the expansion work structure through a pipeline, and the movable heat sink (61) of the left heat exchange structure is connected to the movable heat sink (61) corresponding to the right heat exchange structure through the heat sink hook (65) Connect as one.

The movable heat sink 61 is a composite structure, and its material structure combination mode and curved surface shape need to be determined in conjunction with temperature difference calculation.

The heat engine that realizes the thermal cycle method includes a first intake port (73), a second intake port (74), a third intake port (75), a first intake port valve (76), and a second intake port. Airway (77) valve, third inlet valve (78), first intake chamber (79), first combustion chamber (80), first heat exchange chamber (81), flue gas mixing chamber (82) , The second heat exchange chamber (83), the second combustion chamber (84), the second intake chamber (85), the first nozzle and valve (86), and the second nozzle and valve (87);

A first intake port valve (76) is provided between the first intake port (73) and the first intake chamber (79). The first intake chamber (79) is in communication with the first combustion chamber (80). A valve is provided between the combustion chamber (80) and the first heat exchange chamber (81), a valve is provided between the first heat exchange chamber (81) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and the first intake chamber (79) is connected to the outside Set the first nozzle and valve (86) between;

A third inlet valve (78) is arranged between the second inlet (74) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82);

A second intake port (77) valve is provided between the third intake port (75) and the second intake chamber (85), and the second intake chamber (85) communicates with the second combustion chamber (84). A valve is set between the combustion chamber (84) and the second heat exchange chamber (83), a valve is set between the second heat exchange chamber (83) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and the second intake chamber (85) is connected to the outside Set a second nozzle and valve (87) between;

Both the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber have built-in ceramic honeycomb regenerator structures and auxiliary heat exchange structures such as heat exchange pistons.

The first combustion chamber (80) and the second combustion chamber (84) are both silencing combustion chambers (89), and both sides of the silencing combustion chamber (89) are provided with a front nozzle valve (90) and a rear nozzle valve (91). The nozzle valve (90) communicates with the lower jet chamber (93), the rear nozzle valve (91) communicates with the upper jet chamber (92), the lower jet chamber (93) is provided with a heat conducting structure (88), the lower jet chamber (93) and the upper jet A heat-conducting and sound-absorbing structure (94) is provided in the chamber (92).

The lower air injection chamber (93) and the upper air injection chamber (92) are provided with a micro-hole injection structure (95).

The microporous injection structure (95) includes an outer wall (99) of the microporous injection structure, and the outer wall (99) of the microporous injection structure is provided with a horizontal injection plate (96), a vertical injection plate (97) and a suction plate. Sound silencing structure (98).

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

For the engine system or device designed according to this application, since the number of heat storage bodies is not limited, the single unit power can be designed to be large enough to replace the existing steam turbine; large thermal power plants can also use high-temperature steam gasification technology and are also compatible with coal , Biomass and other fuels to obtain clean gas, which enters the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature gas and exchange heat with the regenerator, and then converts the air in the intake chamber into high-temperature air. After the work is done, the temperature of the exhaust air is still very high, which is equivalent to The air is preheated and then connected to the combustion chamber to enter the next cycle; the forecasting efficiency is greatly improved and the power generation is greatly increased, and the corresponding thermal pollution is greatly reduced.

Compared with the Stirling machine, the working fluid internal circulation model is equivalent to improving the regenerator defects, completely solving the heat recovery problem, avoiding the complicated working fluid sealing and dry friction design, and the corresponding high-speed airflow loss , Air leakage loss, etc., thereby greatly improving efficiency, while retaining the advantages of Stirling machine compatibility with various fuels and low noise.

Compared with existing automobile engines and other internal combustion engines, due to compatibility with various fuels, it breaks through the bottleneck of relying on fossil fuels. In addition, the engine has greatly improved efficiency, thorough exhaust gas treatment, simple and light structure, strong explosive power and output power, and low price. (It also includes extended range generators for hybrid vehicles, on-board generators, parking air conditioners, etc.).

Because of the extremely simple structure of this type of engine, the internal circulation model of the working fluid can greatly increase the output power capacity by increasing the pressure of the charged medium. The design is very lightweight, quiet and efficient, so it can be miniaturized, including micro engines that can be used for small and micro machines. , Such as breaking through the power bottleneck of wearable devices, developing temperature-adjustable clothing, epidemic prevention hoods (helmets), exoskeleton-enhancing machinery (mechas), etc., so that soldiers and workers can break through the existing limits of weight, and can be used for computers, mobile phones, and mobile phones. Electricity for balance cars and even motorcycles; also includes the replacement of power batteries for powering existing small aircraft (drones) and small and micro electric devices.

Distributed energy equipment, it is proposed to use the internal circulation engine of the working medium to do the enclosed soundproof design and silent operation. The power output can directly drive the refrigeration compressor, which is similar to the mobile air conditioner. The motor drives the compressor and the motor and generator work conditions can be mutually rotated. It can also be used as a distributed energy generator, combined heat, electricity, and cooling; solar concentrators can also be added as a heat source to replace the existing solar thermal power generation, and solar collectors can be combined with biomass fuels and coal And other integrated complementary power generation, sharing the turbine system in distributed energy; and because this type of solar power equipment can be miniaturized, simple and cheap, the light and heat efficiency of the concentrator is 80%, and the power generation efficiency of the new type of heat engine is 80%, then its power generation efficiency Reaching more than 60% is twice the efficiency of solar thermal power generation and three or four times that of photovoltaic power generation (10%-20%), so it is enough to impact photovoltaic power generation and other solar energy utilization technologies.

It is recommended to combine the use of clean gas generators and high-temperature steam gasification technology. It can not only use fossil energy such as coal, but also be compatible with various types of biomass energy commonly found in mountainous, rural areas and other places, even those with large water content and difficult to use. All kinds of low-calorie organic matter, such as weeds, household garbage, feces, meal waste, etc., can be mixed with dry fuel and converted into energy. These substances are the main sources of environmental pollution and disease transmission, but they can all be turned into waste. Bao converted into clean gas, and then adopted compressed air energy storage technology, using high-pressure gas cylinders to store gas for various energy-using occasions (such as new automobiles, agricultural machinery and equipment and other mechanical power); at the same time, it also solves the environment such as waste reduction. pollution problem.

It is used for high-speed and high-power equipment such as aero engines. The improved jet engine has almost no moving parts, and the combustion airflow is low and stable. There is no problem of the front area of the fan in the high-speed airflow of the turbofan and the turbocharger engine, and the problem of stable combustion in the high-speed airflow. The technical bottleneck of high-speed turbine blade materials that China is now facing no longer exists; it also solves the problem of part of the exhaust heat recovery, thereby improving energy efficiency and propulsion, and greatly reducing noise pollution.

Therefore, the device of the present application is expected to completely replace existing internal combustion engines, steam turbines, gas turbines, Stirling engines, most jet engines and other existing heat engines in various fields.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange structure of a closed and insulated space;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main body structure of a regenerative heat engine engine;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intake chamber;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the clean combustion furnace system structure;

Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal circulation heat engine;

Figure 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the internal circulation heat engine structure;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a compact internal circulation heat engine assembly;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the heating structure combination;

Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a static heater

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a movable heater;

Figure 11 is a schematic view of the movable heat sink structure;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the external circulation heat conduction heat engine structure;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal circulation heat conduction heat engine structure;

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a compact heat conducting heat engine;

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the left and right heat exchanger fins;

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a regenerative jet engine;

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the combustion chamber and nozzle structure;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the micro-hole injection structure arrangement;

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the micro-hole injection structure;

In the attached drawings: 1. Heat insulation and pressure resistant shell; 2. Ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure; 3. High temperature air; 4. Normal temperature air; 5. Exhaust pipe; 6. Exhaust port; 7. Heat insulation material 8. Insulated cylinder block; 9. Heat exchange chamber; 10. Intake chamber; 11. Cylinder chamber; 12. Air pressurizing chamber; 13. Piston; 14. Piston rod; 15. One-way air inlet; 16. Pressure exhaust valve; 17, exhaust port; 18, high temperature flue gas valve; 19, low temperature flue gas valve; 20, one-way air flow channel; 21, pressure air inlet; 22, one-way valve; 23, air inlet chamber Piston; 24 air holes; 25, pressure air pipe; 26, high temperature and low oxygen combustion gas mixing chamber; 27, combustion furnace; 28, reburning denitrifier; 29, fuel pipe; 30, high temperature and low oxygen combustion gas pipe; 31, high temperature flue gas Pipe; 32. Reversing valve; 33. Low temperature flue gas pipe; 34. Low temperature flue gas heat exchanger; 35. Return flue gas pipe; 36. High temperature air pipe; 37. Heat exchange room; 38. Cooling room; 39. Heat exchange piston and driving mechanism; 40, thermal insulation film; 41, cooling air chamber; 42, high temperature expansion chamber; 43, intake valve; 44, exhaust valve; 45, return air valve; 46, work piston and piston Rod; 47. Power output mechanism; 48. Clean combustion furnace system; 49. Preheating air pipe; 50. Heat exchange valve; 51. Heat exchange structure A; 52. Heat exchange structure B; 53, Left high temperature expansion chamber; 54 , Right high temperature expansion chamber; 55, heat conduction plate; 56, heater; 57, high temperature working medium gas pipe (high temperature gas pipe); 58, drive pump; 59, return pipe; 60, fixed heat sink; 61, movable heat sink; 62. Piston plate; 63. Low temperature air chamber; 64. Push-pull structure; 65. Movable heat sink hook; 66. Air inlet; 67. High temperature exhaust valve; 68. Expansion work chamber; 69. Airtight chamber; 70 , Return air piston; 71, power output mechanism; 72, one-way return valve; 73, the first air inlet; 74, the second air inlet; 75, the third air inlet; 76, the first air inlet Valve; 77, the second intake port valve; 78, the third intake port valve; 79, the first intake chamber; 80, the first combustion chamber; 81, the first heat exchange chamber; 82, the flue gas mixing chamber; 83. The second heat exchange chamber; 84. The second combustion chamber; 85. The second intake chamber; 86. The first nozzle and valve; 87. The second nozzle and valve; 88. Heat conduction structure; 89. Combustion chamber; 90 , Front nozzle valve; 91, Rear nozzle valve; 92, Upper jet chamber; 93, Lower jet chamber; 94, Heat conduction silencer structure; 95, Micro-hole injection structure; 96, Horizontal injection plate; 97, Vertical injection plate 98. Sound-absorbing and silencing structure; 99. Outer wall of micro-hole injection structure; 100. Left expansion work chamber; 101. Right expansion work chamber; 102. Left heat exchange structure; 103. Right heat exchange structure; 104. Left heat exchange Heat sink; 105, right heat exchanger heat sink.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

1. The working principle of the new heat engine and the new thermal cycle method

As we all know, the steam engine uses thermal energy to heat water vapor to obtain high temperature. In a limited space, the water vapor heats up and expands to obtain huge pressure to perform work; internal combustion engines use low-temperature combustion fuel to mix with liquid and gas fuels, and the mixture heats up and expands rapidly after combustion. A huge pressure is obtained in a limited space to do work, but because exhaust heat is difficult to recover, most of the heat energy is discharged with heat dissipation and exhaust heat, so such a thermal cycle leads to low efficiency.

We know that in the high-temperature air combustion technology, special heat accumulators such as ceramic honeycomb material heat accumulators can quickly and efficiently exchange heat, and the heat exchange efficiency, especially the temperature efficiency, is as high as 90% or even higher; because the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator heat exchange rate is very fast , The room temperature air sweeps through the regenerator to heat up to a high temperature of 1,000 degrees in a short instant. The heat exchange rate of temperature rise is equivalent to the rate of combustion temperature rise, and its effect is no less than that of combustion temperature rise; if it is in a confined space, for example, airtight pressure resistance Let the low-temperature air exchange heat with the regenerator in the container. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the air rises sharply and the pressure becomes several times the original, thereby obtaining a huge pressure. This is the same as the pressure effect of the steam engine and the internal combustion engine to obtain the gas pressure through the heat release and expansion of the combustion. it's the same.

We use the device as shown in Figure 1 to briefly explain its principle: a movable honeycomb ceramic regenerator structure 2 with a heat exchange efficiency and temperature efficiency of more than 90% is arranged in a closed pressure-resistant heat-insulating container. When the heat storage body structure moves, the gas can pass through the heat storage body to exchange heat.

Suppose that the entire space is filled with normal temperature and pressure air (27 degrees Celsius or 300K, 0.1MPa) before the regenerator moves. After the regenerator moves from the right end to the left end, the normal temperature air 4 becomes high temperature air 3. After the temperature is 1227 degrees (1500K), the gas pressure becomes 1500/300=0.5Mpa, which is equivalent to the working pressure of a general small internal combustion engine from 0.5 to 0.8MPa; obviously, the higher the pressure before and after the heat exchange, the greater the pressure, but the higher the heat exchange The initial pressure of the front gas can also greatly increase the working pressure: if the normal temperature air pressure before the heat exchange is 0.2Mpa, the gas pressure after the heat exchange becomes 1MPa, if it is 0.4Mpa before the heat exchange, the pressure after the heat exchange is 2Mpa, and so on analogy.

Generally speaking, the regenerator exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion furnace to heat up and accumulate heat, but the temperature of the air discharged after expansion and work is still high or high, and it can be connected to the combustion furnace to enter the next cycle, which is equivalent to preheating. The combustion-supporting air can recover all the "tail gas" waste heat. Only the low-temperature flue gas generated during heat exchange takes away a small amount of heat energy, thereby greatly improving the effective efficiency. If low-temperature flue gas heat exchangers are used to recover heat from the discharged low-temperature flue gas, the efficiency will be further improved.

Regarding its efficiency, we make a simple calculation: According to the related thermodynamic formula, the gas temperature after adiabatic work can be calculated by the following formula: T2/T1=(P2/P1) ^K-1/K , because the main working gas is air, Hydrogen, etc., so the adiabatic index K is temporarily considered as 1.4. According to the first law of thermodynamics Q=(E ₂ -E ₁ )+A=ΔE+A; suppose the total heat of the combustion chamber gas in the heat storage stage Q1=the increased heat of the air after heat exchange Q2+the exhaust gas waste heat Q3, the expansion work stage is due to adiabatic work , So the expansion work A = the heat released by the high-temperature air Q4; the air waste heat Q5 after the second heat exchange or directly discharged into the combustion furnace by the high-temperature air. The efficiency:

η=Q4/(Q4+Q3+Q5)*100%;

If the high-temperature air is directly connected to the combustion chamber as an auxiliary gas, Q5 does not exit the system and enters the next cycle, so the efficiency is: η=Q4/(Q4+Q3)*100%=【1-Q3/(Q4+Q3) )】﹡100%.

The heat exchange efficiency and temperature efficiency of the ceramic honeycomb regenerator are both in the order of 90%. For example, the high temperature air temperature after the gas heat exchange of the 1500 degree combustion furnace can reach about 1300~1400 degrees, the exhaust gas temperature is about 150 degrees, and the specific heat capacity of the air It is 1.005kJ/(kg*K), and the specific heat capacity of flue gas is 1.264KJ/KG.K. Generally speaking, the volume of flue gas is equivalent to the volume of heat exchange air. Under normal circumstances, the average volume of air discharged per work can be regarded as heat storage The body correspondingly emits the same volume of flue gas, and the Q3/Q2 ratio can be regarded as about 9:1.

Assuming that the air temperature is heated to 1500K before work, the pressure is increased from 0.1MPa to 0.5MPa after heat exchange, and the air pressure after work is normal pressure, that is, 0.1MPa, then the temperature after work: T2/T1=(P2/P1) ^{K-1 /K} , T2/1500=(0.1/0.5) ^1.4-1/1.4 , we can get T2=947K, that is, 674 degrees, the temperature drops 553 degrees, and the calculated efficiency η=1.005*553/(1.005*553+1.264* 150)*100%=74.56%; if the initial pressure of room temperature air is 0.2MPa (2 atmospheres), the burst pressure is 1MPa (10 atmospheres), the temperature drops by 723 degrees, and the calculated thermal efficiency η is 80.46%.

In view of η=【1-Q3/(Q4+Q3)】﹡100%, the lower the exhaust gas temperature, the smaller the Q3 and the higher the effective efficiency. When the low-temperature flue gas is organized to exchange heat with the air entering the heat exchange chamber, Significantly reduce the exhaust temperature of the flue gas and improve the efficiency, and the predicted efficiency limit may be more than 90%, which is two to three times the efficiency of the existing types of heat engines.

Therefore, this is a new thermal cycle method. The high-temperature ceramic honeycomb regenerator can quickly and efficiently heat the gas to make the low-temperature working fluid gas in a confined space quickly exchange heat and expand to obtain pressure and work, or use a high-efficiency heat conduction device to quickly introduce heat energy In the airtight chamber, it quickly exchanges heat with the low-temperature working fluid gas and expands to obtain pressure to do work; if the flue gas generated when the fuel is burned in the combustion furnace is relatively clean, the heat storage body can be directly used to exchange heat with low-temperature air in the closed space to do work. , Using the air in the atmosphere as the working gas, the thermal cycle process is: 1. The clean combustion furnace and other heat sources produce high temperature and clean flue gas to heat the heat storage body, and the heat storage temperature rises stage; 2. At the same time, the temperature of the high temperature flue gas decreases and becomes low temperature smoke. The heat exchange structure of the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger exchanges heat with the air to generate preheated air, and the waste heat of the low-temperature exhaust gas is further used to reduce the exhaust heat; 3. The heat storage body structure is switched to a closed chamber, and the heat exchanger The coming preheated air exchanges heat. The heat release and cooling stage is divided into multiple releases (to reduce the volume of the equipment). The preheated air rapidly heats up and expands into high-temperature and high-pressure air, which obtains pressure to do work; 4. The high-temperature air after expansion and work is sent in The heat source such as the combustion furnace is used as the auxiliary gas to recover all the heat energy; 5. The heat storage body is reheated, heat storage and temperature rise to restore the initial state, and the next cycle is started.

An embodiment discloses an external circulation regenerative heat engine with self-compressing function

The regenerative heat engine with external circulation of working fluid gas is composed of the engine body, the clean combustion furnace system and the corresponding connecting pipe network.

As shown in Figure 2, the engine body is composed of an insulated cylinder block 8, a heat exchange chamber 9, a heat exchange chamber piston 23, an intake chamber 10, a cylinder chamber 11, an air pressurizing chamber 12, a piston 13, a piston rod 14, and a ceramic honeycomb accumulator. Heating body structure 2, one-way air inlet 15, pressure exhaust valve 16, exhaust port 17, high temperature flue gas valve 18, low temperature flue gas valve 19, one-way air flow channel 20, pressure inlet 21, one-way valve 22 and a control device; the intake chamber and at least one heat exchange chamber are connected by at least one one-way air flow channel 20 provided with a one-way valve 22, and the piston 13 and the piston rod 14 separate the remaining part of the enclosed space of the insulated cylinder block 8 There are two parts: the cylinder chamber 11 and the air pressurizing chamber 12. The heat exchange chamber and the cylinder chamber are connected by at least one one-way air flow channel 20 provided with a one-way valve 22. The heat exchange chamber 9 is provided with a pressure air inlet 20 through The pressure intake pipe is connected with the pressure exhaust valve 15 on the air pressurizing chamber 12. At least one heat exchange chamber filled with ceramic honeycomb regenerator structural units is symmetrically arranged, and high temperature working fluid gas (flue gas) can be introduced through the high temperature flue gas valve 18, and low temperature working fluid gas (flue gas) can be discharged alternately by the low temperature flue gas valve 19 It exchanges heat with an external heat source; and the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure 2 can be provided with at least one independent unit.

In order to ensure that all low-temperature gases exchange heat in time and eliminate the mixed interference between hot and cold gases during heat exchange, an intake piston 23 that is connected to a push-pull structure and can move left and right is provided in the intake chamber 10 to assist in air exchange, as shown in Figure 3 , The side wall of the intake piston 23 is provided with an air hole 24 to communicate with the cylinder chamber to ensure pressure balance; the intake chamber can open and close related control valves according to process requirements, alternately forming a closed space with the heat exchange chamber, the cylinder chamber, etc., for example, when air is in the air The intake piston moves to the left to squeeze out high-temperature gas; when doing work, the intake piston moves to the right, driving all cold air into the heat exchange chamber, ensuring that all gases can be replaced.

The intake chamber periodically presses into a constant temperature or preheated air (working fluid gas). The design air flow direction in the air path of the device in this application is basically a one-way circulation. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-air, backflow and other phenomena, the relevant parts are equipped with corresponding types of valves and other control elements. The normal temperature or preheated air is removed from the one-way valve. The one-way air flow channel enters the heat exchange chamber, and after heat exchange, it enters the cylinder chamber through the one-way air flow channel equipped with a one-way valve, and pushes the piston 13 to do work. The piston rod 14 is directly connected with the power output mechanism.

Its working process is similar to that of existing piston cylinders, and even simpler. It can be roughly decomposed into the following steps:

1. Air intake: (The structure of the ceramic honeycomb regenerator has alternately exchanged heat with external heat sources such as high-temperature flue gas of the combustion furnace to complete the heat storage and heating stage respectively).

The piston 13 moves to the right limit, the one-way valves of the air intake, exhaust ports and the heat exchange chamber are closed; the pressure intake port is opened, and a constant amount of normal temperature air is pressed into the intake chamber.

2. Work: the pressure inlet is closed and all the one-way valves of the heat exchange chamber are opened; the room temperature air enters the heat exchange chamber under pressure, and after heat exchange becomes high temperature air enters the cylinder chamber from the one-way air flow channel, and expands rapidly to push the piston Do work, the piston moves to the left to the left limit.

The piston rod 13 can be connected with a crank connecting rod mechanism, or other power output mechanism designs.

3. Exhaust: the piston moves to the left to squeeze the high-temperature air in the cylinder; the exhaust valve is opened; all the one-way valves in the heat exchange chamber are closed, and the high-temperature air is discharged from the exhaust port and connected to the combustion furnace or heat recovery mechanism. The waste heat is recovered; the piston moves to the right until the right limit, and the next cycle starts.

A low-temperature air chamber can be set on the left side of the piston, and the working process corresponds to the cylinder chamber, that is, the low-temperature air chamber also enters cold air when the intake chamber is aired (the one-way exhaust port is closed); when the cylinder chamber expands, the piston 13 pushes the low temperature Air chamber exhaust (one-way air inlet closed). The low-temperature air chamber is set to obtain pressurized air. It also serves as an air spring to provide reciprocating power. It is not necessary. It can also be cancelled directly in many cases. These are the same as the existing piston cylinder technology. There is not much difference.

Engine explosive power: The ceramic heat storage body has a large specific heat capacity, and the volume of high-temperature gas absorbed at one time and the volume of the exothermic gas are large, and the time for heat storage and heat release to cool down is also longer, but if all the accumulated gas is heated before entering During the work process, the volume of the equipment is huge; therefore, in the design of the heat release process, the heat is released multiple times to greatly reduce the volume of the equipment. The calculation shows that the power output is closely related to the number of heat accumulators, the initial pressure of the intake air, and the heat exchange frequency, and can be adjusted quickly. That is to say, this type of engine has strong explosive power and is far better than the existing internal combustion engine, so the control device is set to control and adjust The intake frequency, pressure, and the number of heat accumulator units participating in the thermal energy cycle, so as to conveniently and quickly control the power output, that is, control the explosive power of the engine.

Clean combustion furnace system and thermal energy circulation pipeline access

The clean combustion furnace system is designed with reference to the new denitrification process or method (see PCT/CN2017/076670 for detailed technical content). Part of the high-temperature exhaust gas is mixed with preheated air to form high-temperature and low-oxygen supporting gas, which is sprayed into the tissue multiple times with high temperature and low oxygen. Stable combustion, the intermediate product of the combustion process takes the oxygen atom of nitric oxide and reduces it in a high-temperature oxygen-poor reduction atmosphere. After exhausting the reburning fuel, inject excessive reburning fuel and high-temperature and low-oxygen supporting gas again, which can repeatedly organize high-temperature and low-oxygen full combustion in a reducing atmosphere, prolong the burning time to increase the combustion volume and stabilize the combustion to complete denitrification; finally enter the combustion Excessive high temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas is injected into the exhaust zone to completely burn out.

As shown in Figure 4, the clean combustion furnace system consists of a compressed air pipe 25, a high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26, a combustion furnace 27, a reburning denitrifier 28, a fuel pipe 29, a high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe 30, and a high-temperature flue gas pipe 31 , Reversing valve 32, low-temperature flue gas pipe 33, low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34, return flue gas pipe 35, high-temperature air pipe 36, etc. For fuel containing impurities in the flue gas, a clean gas generator ( That is, the high-temperature water vapor gasification purification system device. For detailed technical content, see PCT/CN2017/076670), which first converts various fuels into clean gas, and then sends it to the fuel pipe.

The high-temperature air pipe 36 is connected to the exhaust port of the engine and the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26. The high-temperature and low-oxygen mixing chamber 26 communicates with the combustion furnace 27, and the combustion furnace 27 communicates with the reburning denitrifier 28; the reburning denitrifier 28 has high temperature and low oxygen combustion support. The air pipe 30 and the return flue gas pipe 35 are connected to the high temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26, and the high temperature flue gas pipe 31 is connected to the engine heat exchange chamber through the reversing valve 32 at the outlet of the reburning denitrification device, and the return flue gas pipe 35 passes in High temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber. The high-temperature flue gas pipe 31 is connected to the engine heat exchange chamber 9 via a high-temperature flue gas valve, while the low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected to a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 by a low-temperature flue gas pipe 33; the engine pressure exhaust port is connected by compressed air The pipe 25 is connected to the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34, and is connected to the engine pressure air inlet after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger.

The working process is: 1. The high-temperature flue gas valve in the heat exchange chamber of the engine is opened, the high-temperature flue gas of the combustion furnace heats the regenerator, and the heat accumulates in the heating stage. At the same time, the low-temperature flue gas valve is also opened, and the low-temperature flue gas is passed into the designed low temperature The flue gas heat exchanger removes the low-temperature exhaust gas after heat exchange; 2. The high-temperature flue gas valve and the low-temperature flue gas valve are closed and enter the heat release stage; the room temperature air in the air pressurized room enters the low-temperature flue gas through the pressure air pipe for heat exchange It exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas into preheated air, which enters the engine pressure air inlet through the preheated air pipe; 3. The small piston in the intake chamber moves to the left to drive out the remaining hot air in the intake chamber and reaches the left limit. Stop, the air intake process is completed, the air intake is closed, and enters the work phase; 4. The small piston in the air intake chamber moves to the right to drive the preheated air into the heat exchange chamber, and at the same time the one-way air flow channel valve on the heat exchange chamber opens. The preheated air rapidly heats up and expands after heat exchange, enters the cylinder chamber, pushes the piston to move to the left and outputs power; at the same time, it squeezes the air pressurizing chamber to produce compressed air that is sent to the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger through the pressurized air pipe; the piston moves to The left limit stops. 5. The compressed air chamber still retains a certain pressure and pushes the piston to move to the right. At this time, the air pressurized chamber enters cold air through the air inlet; other valves in the cylinder chamber are closed and the exhaust valve is opened. The high-temperature air after expansion and work passes the engine high temperature The air exhaust pipe is sent to the high temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber, and the piston moves to the right limit to stop, completing a cycle; 6. The high temperature air discharged from the engine is mixed with a small part of the high temperature flue gas sent from the return flue gas pipe to become high temperature and low oxygen The gas, together with the fuel conveyed by the fuel pipe, is sent to the combustion furnace for high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion; 7. The high-temperature flue gas enters the reburning denitrification device, and the fuel and the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas are successively introduced to repeatedly reburn and denitrify; 8. The high-temperature flue gas is subjected to repeated reburning and denitrification. The high-temperature flue gas pipe is adjusted by the reversing valve, and alternately exchanges heat with the heat storage body in the heat exchange chamber of the engine, and enters the next cycle.

The new heat engine has no restriction on the source of high temperature heat source, so the heat storage and heating can be the flue gas from the combustion furnace, or other high temperature gas or other heat exchange methods. There are no restrictions on the fuel type and heating value of the combustion chamber, that is, It is compatible with various fuels such as coal, gasoline, and biomass pellets, including low-calorific value fuels that are difficult to use by existing heat engines (such as low-calorific value biomass gasification gas, garbage gasification gas, low-calorific value coal gas, etc., so-called low-grade fuels) .

An embodiment discloses a regenerative heat engine with internal circulation of working fluid gas

Due to the constant replacement of fresh air, the aerodynamic noise of the above models is relatively large, which is not much different from the existing internal combustion engine, and the air flow is unstable; if the internal circulation of the working fluid is adopted, the noise will be greatly reduced, and even the operation is silent, and the air flow is stable and quiet. ; In order to ensure the temperature difference between the working gas before and after the work is done, a structure for cooling the working gas is provided, and a part of the heat of the working gas is stored in the corresponding heat storage structure, so that the temperature of the working gas after the work is controlled below the predetermined limit.

The internal circulation regenerative heat engine model is composed of heat exchange structure, expansion work structure, clean combustion furnace system and corresponding connecting pipe network. It is a fully enclosed structure. The heat exchange structure can imitate the design of a rolling film cylinder piston. It consists of a heat exchange chamber 37 , Cooling chamber 38, heat exchange piston and driving mechanism 39, thermal insulation film 40, working fluid gas, etc. The heat exchange piston 39 and thermal insulation film 40 block high-temperature gas and divide the cylinder chamber into two parts: cooling air The volume of the chamber 41 and the high-temperature expansion chamber 42 changes with the movement of the piston; the cross section is as shown in Fig. 5, each chamber in contact with the high-temperature air is filled with high-temperature insulation and heat preservation materials. The heat exchange chamber 37 is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structures 2, which are connected to the cooling air chamber through the intake valve 43, and are connected to the high temperature expansion chamber through the exhaust valve 44; the cooling chamber is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb heat storage structures The body structure 2 is connected to the cooling air chamber 41 through the exhaust valve 44, and is connected to the high temperature expansion chamber 42 through the return air valve 45.

The expansion work structure adopts an adiabatic cylinder block 8, which is provided with a work piston and a piston rod 46 which are connected with the power output mechanism 47. The cylinder chamber communicates with the high temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure.

The longitudinal section is shown in Fig. 6, the clean combustion furnace system 48 provides clean high-temperature flue gas, the combustion furnace 48 is connected to the heat exchange chamber through a high-temperature flue gas pipe 31, and the cooling chamber is connected through a high-temperature air pipe 36, and a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 is connected to the heat exchange chamber 37 and the cooling chamber 38 through the low temperature flue gas pipe 33 and the hot air pipe 49 respectively.

The working process is as follows: 1. The high-temperature flue gas valve and low-temperature flue gas valve of the heat exchange chamber in the heat exchange structure are opened, and the high-temperature flue gas pipe transports the high-temperature flue gas of the combustion furnace to alternately heat the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure arranged in pairs. During the heating stage, low-temperature flue gas is generated at the same time and sent from the low-temperature flue gas pipe to the specially designed low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34, and the low-temperature exhaust gas after heat exchange is removed; the cold air becomes preheated air after heat exchange, and the preheated air The pipe 49 is sent into the cooling chamber 38. At this time, the heat exchange valve 50 of the cooling chamber is opened, and the preheated air alternately cools the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure 2 arranged in pairs; the preheated air exchanges heat with the regenerator to a higher temperature The air is sent to the clean combustion furnace system 48 through the high-temperature air pipe 36; 2. The corresponding high-temperature flue gas valve, low-temperature flue gas valve, and heat exchange valve of the heat exchange room and cooling room are closed, and enters the heat release stage of work; The intake valve and exhaust valve are opened, and the heat exchange piston moves to the left to drive the working fluid or air in the cooling air chamber into the heat exchange chamber through the intake valve. After the heat exchange, the working fluid heats up and expands rapidly and enters the high temperature expansion from the exhaust valve. Chamber, pushing the working piston to move to the right to drive the power output mechanism to do work; the working piston reaches the right limit while the heat exchange piston reaches the left limit to stop; Fourth, enter the refrigerant gas cooling stage: the return valve and exhaust valve of the cooling chamber Open, and the intake valve and exhaust valve of the heat exchange chamber are closed. The heat exchange piston moves to the right while the working piston moves to the left, driving the high temperature expansion chamber working fluid gas into the cooling chamber through the return valve, and exchanges heat with the heat storage body. The working fluid gas temperature drops and enters the cooling air chamber through the exhaust valve; the working piston reaches the left limit while the heat exchange piston reaches the right limit to stop; 5. Enter the next cycle.

It can also be further designed as a compact model. As shown in Figure 7, two heat exchange structures are combined with an expansion work structure. The work piston divides the cylinder chamber of the expansion work structure into a left high temperature expansion chamber 53 and a right high temperature expansion chamber 54. The high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure A51 communicates with the left high-temperature expansion chamber 53 of the expansion work structure, and the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure B52 communicates with the right high-temperature expansion chamber 54 of the expansion work structure; when the heat exchange structure A51 is in the stage of exothermic work When the heat exchange structure B52 is in the working fluid cooling stage, the working process or working stage of the two is set to be 180 degrees apart, that is, the difference is half a beat, and the working rhythms of the two can complement each other.

Set up a thermal energy conversion device to avoid the smoke problem

Regenerative heat engine has strong explosive power and rapid power adjustment, but it needs clean flue gas to heat the regenerative body, which is not suitable for the flue gas produced by direct combustion of coal, biomass particles, etc. in the combustion furnace; while coal, wood, biomass particles, etc. are Common fuel, so a further plan is specifically designed to add a flue gas heat conversion device or heating device to convert the flue gas heat into a clean heat exchange working fluid gas, and then use the heat exchange working fluid gas to heat the heat storage body Plan.

As shown in Figure 8, the heat of the combustion furnace is transferred to the heat conduction plate, and then transferred to the clean air or other heat exchange working gas through the heating structure, and then the heat exchange working gas heats the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure; avoiding possible harmful elements The flue gas directly heats the heat storage body.

The heating structure is composed of a heat conducting plate 55, a heater 56, a high temperature working medium gas pipe (high temperature gas pipe) 57, a driving pump 58, a return pipe 59, a heat exchange working medium gas, etc. The high temperature working medium gas pipe is connected to the heater 56 and the high temperature of the heat exchange chamber. The flue gas valve 18 and the gas return pipe 59 are connected with the driving pump 58 and the heater low temperature flue gas valve 19 to form a circulation pipeline. The driving pump 58 is arranged in the gas return pipe to drive the heat exchange working medium gas to circulate; the heat of the combustion furnace is transferred through the heat conducting plate 55 Heat the clean air or heat exchange working medium gas to the heater, and then alternately heat the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure arranged in pairs by high-temperature clean air or heat exchange working medium gas. After the heat exchange, the low-temperature clean air (or heat exchange working medium) is alternately heated. Quality gas) returns to the heating device through the air return pipe to form a closed loop.

The heater can be divided into two designs. One is a stationary type with a fixed heat sink. Its cross-section is as shown in Figure 9. Each branch of the heat-conducting plate 55 in the enclosed space of the pressure-resistant casing goes deep into the cross-section of the heat exchanger casing. , A large number of fixed and thin heat sinks 60 are arranged in accordance with the principle of the largest heat exchange area to connect with the heat conducting plate. The heat conducting plate and the heat sink are made of materials with good thermal conductivity and convection heat transfer performance and high temperature resistance, such as copper, silver, etc. Metal materials, copper alloys, silicon carbide materials, etc., can also combine the advantages of the two to form a composite structure. For example, the silicon carbide sheet is a skeleton-filled copper alloy, which not only uses the high temperature resistance of silicon carbide, but also uses the strong thermal conductivity of copper However, due to the poor high-temperature strength, the heat-conducting plate can quickly transfer heat to the heat sink, and the contact area between the heat sink and the working gas is huge, and the working gas can be heated quickly.

Another movable heat sink design of the heater is shown in Figure 10. It consists of a heat conducting plate 55, a movable heat sink 61, a hook plate 65, a push-pull structure 64, a low-temperature air chamber 63, a piston plate 62, and a working fluid. It is composed of air, using materials with strong heat conduction and heat dissipation ability to introduce heat, and at least two layers of thin-walled, small-spacing movable heat sinks 61 made of a large number of heat-conducting materials are arranged; the piston plate 62 divides the inner space of the heater into Two parts, the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber; the push-pull structure 64 simultaneously connects the piston plate 62 and the hook plate of the movable heat sink. When the push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, the movable heat sink 61 is forced Move downward and unfold layer by layer until the end of the hook plate length. At the same time, the movable heat sink 61 also pushes the piston plate 62 to the lower limit; and when the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upward, also The movable heat sinks are pushed to move upward and pressed together one by one until the upper limit of the piston plate 62, so that heat can be conducted, and the heat is transferred to each movable heat sink 61 through the heat conducting plate layer by layer.

After being heated to a predetermined temperature, the piston plate 62 with holes connected to the push-pull structure 64 moves downward to allow the low-temperature heat exchange working fluid gas in the low-temperature gas chamber 63 to pass through the piston plate 62, and the push-pull structure pushes the heat sink hook plate at the same time 65. Force the movable heat sink 61 to unfold sequentially under the action of mechanical force. The thickness and spacing of the heat sink are very small. Simply increasing the number of heat sinks can greatly increase the heat exchange area; the low temperature heat exchange working fluid gas enters the heat exchange area. The interstices of the movable radiating fins 61 organize convective heat exchange and heat up and expand to become high-temperature working fluid gas, which is then sent to the high-temperature air pipe to cyclically heat the heat storage body in the heat exchange chamber.

The movable heat sink 61 is made of materials with good thermal conductivity and convection heat transfer performance and high temperature resistance, such as copper, silver and other metal materials or copper alloys, silicon carbide materials, etc., and can also combine the advantages of the two to form a composite structure, such as carbonization The silicon thin plate is a skeleton filled with copper alloy, which not only utilizes the high temperature resistance of silicon carbide, but also uses the characteristics of copper's strong thermal conductivity and poor high temperature strength; when the movable heat sink 61 is extruded together, it can be tightly combined without leaving gaps. , It can conduct heat, that is, a heat-conducting structure; when it spreads out, the surface area is large, which is conducive to convection heat exchange with the gas, and performs the function of heat dissipation and heat exchange structure; the surface shape of the movable heat sink 61 is not necessarily a flat surface, it can also be It is a curved surface and other shapes with huge surface area, but it must be able to be tightly combined without leaving gaps after deformation under various temperature differences. After spreading, the surface area is huge. The material structure combination and the surface shape must be determined by calculating the temperature difference deformation.

As a further solution, the heat accumulators arranged in pairs in the cooling chamber can also be alternately cooled by cold air, and the heat obtained can be stored in the heat accumulator structure, or directly used to send preheated air to the combustion furnace to recover heat.

In a further scheme, a similar heating structure can also be provided at one end of the cooling chamber, the heat exchange working fluid gas alternately cools the heat storage bodies arranged in pairs, and the heat of the heat exchange working fluid gas exchanges heat with the outside cold air through the heater, resulting in heating The air is sent into the combustion furnace to recover heat; or the heat exchange gas is exported through the heater to the thermal energy storage mechanism. In this way, the internal gas of the engine does not have any exchange with the outside world, and it can be designed as a whole, including sound insulation design, and the working gas can use gases with good thermal conductivity such as hydrogen and helium, and increase the working gas pressure until high-pressure working is adopted. Quality and gas to greatly increase the power output capacity.

Therefore, this also belongs to the new thermodynamic cycle method proposed by this application. The steps are: 1. Transfer heat from heat sources such as a combustion furnace to the heat exchange gas through a heat energy conversion structure, making it a high temperature heat exchange gas; 2. High temperature heat exchange gas Heat the heat storage body structure, heat storage temperature rise stage; 3. Enter the work phase, the heat storage body structure is switched to a closed space, and the low temperature working fluid gas heat exchange, the heat storage body heat release and cooling stage is divided into multiple releases, low temperature working fluid The gas rapidly heats up and expands to become a high-temperature working medium gas, and obtains pressure to do work; 4. The high-temperature working medium gas expands and performs work and then is sent to the working medium gas cooling device. The heat storage body structure of the cooling device recovers and stores the heat energy of the high-temperature working medium gas. It becomes a low-temperature working fluid gas; 5. The heat exchange gas in the thermal energy conversion structure exchanges heat with the regenerator structure in the cooling device to become high-temperature heat exchange gas; 6. The high-temperature heat exchange gas is exported to the cooling device through the thermal energy conversion structure or heater The stored heat, the heated air is sent back to the combustion furnace and other heat sources; 7. The next cycle is started.

An embodiment discloses a thermally conductive heat engine

In the movable heat exchanger scheme shown in Figure 10, if the heat exchange process is placed in a confined space, the low-temperature working fluid gas will rapidly heat up and expand after obtaining heat, and can also obtain huge pressure for work; based on this, a new heat transfer type can be designed Thermal engine, instead of relying on the structure of the heat storage body, that is, using materials with high heat conduction, heat dissipation capacity and high temperature resistance (silicon carbide, copper sheet, heat-resistant alloy, etc.) to directly introduce the heat of the combustion furnace into the engine heat exchange chamber. In the confined and confined space, the low-temperature gas rapidly exchanges heat between the radiating fins, and the high-temperature gas rapidly expands to obtain high-pressure work.

According to the working method of working fluid gas, the heat conduction heat engine is divided into two types: inner circulation and outer circulation:

1. External circulation heat conduction type heat engine structure

As shown in Figure 12, the external circulation heat conduction type heat engine consists of a heat conducting plate 55, a movable heat sink 61, a piston plate 62, a low-temperature air chamber 63, a push-pull structure 64, a movable heat sink hook 65, a (ceramic) heat-insulated cylinder block 8, an inlet Air port 66, high temperature exhaust valve 67, expansion work chamber 68, closed air chamber 69, return air piston 70, power output mechanism 71, etc.; can be divided into two parts: heat exchange structure and expansion work structure, (but not including Clean combustion furnace system), the enclosed space of the heat conducting plate 55 and the heat-insulating cylinder block 8 is regarded as a heat exchange structure, with at least two layers of thin-walled movable heat sinks 61 made of a large number of heat-conducting and high-temperature resistant materials with small spacing inside; The piston plate 62 divides the internal space of the heat exchange structure into two parts: the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, with at least one layer of movable fins 61 arranged, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber 63; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber is provided with an air inlet, when the valve is open Cold air enters from here; the push-pull structure 64 connects the piston plate 62 and the hook plate 65 of the movable heat sink at the same time. When the push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, it forces the movable heat sink 61 connected with the hook plate 65 to move downward. , Expand layer by layer until the end of the hook plate length, and the movable heat sink 61 also pushes the piston plate 62 to the lower limit; and when the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upwards, which also pushes the movable The radiating fins move upward and are pressed together one by one, so as to conduct heat, and the heat is transferred layer by layer to each movable heat sink 61 through the heat conducting plate. The expansion structure chamber enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder block is divided by the return air piston into an expansion work chamber and a closed air chamber. The top of the high temperature air chamber communicates with the expansion work chamber, and the side wall of the expansion work chamber has a high temperature exhaust valve; the return air piston 70 is connected with the power output mechanism 71.

Work flow: 1. The piston plate 62 is at the upper limit, the heat sink group 61 is squeezed, the return piston is at the left limit, the air inlet opens, and cold air enters the low-temperature air chamber; 2. The air inlet is closed after the air inlet is completed. The push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, the heat sink 61 unfolds layer by layer under the action of mechanical force, and pushes the piston plate 62 to move downward, the valve on the piston plate 62 opens, and the cold air passes through the piston plate 62 and enters the high temperature air chamber. The convective heat exchange with the heat sink rapidly heats up and expands into high-temperature air. The high-temperature air enters the expansion work chamber and pushes the return air piston to move to the right, driving the power output mechanism to perform work; 3. The piston plate 62 moves to the lower limit while the return air piston moves to the right Limit, enter the next stage, the return air piston moves to the left under the pressure of the closed air chamber, driving high-temperature air to be discharged from the high-temperature exhaust valve, and at the same time, the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62 to move upward, pushing the heat sink 61 to gather together , And squeeze out the high-temperature air in the fin gap, driving it into the expansion work chamber; at the same time, the air inlet 66 is opened and cold air enters; 4. At this time, the air return piston moves to the left limit position, and the piston plate 62 moves to the upper limit position. Start the next cycle.

The exhausted high-temperature air can be used as preheating combustion gas and directly sent back to the combustion furnace and other heat sources to recover all the heat; however, due to the different design of the combustion furnace heat source recovery flue gas heat, there may be conflicts, so other methods of recovering the high-temperature air heat energy are not ruled out .

2. Internal circulation heat conduction type heat engine structure

As shown in Figure 13, the internal circulation heat conduction heat engine consists of a heat conduction plate 55, a movable heat sink 61, a piston plate 62, a low temperature air chamber 63, a push-pull structure 64, a movable heat sink hook 65, a (ceramic) heat-insulated cylinder block 8, cooling It is composed of air-conductor 73, one-way air return valve 72, expansion work chamber 68, closed air chamber 69, return air piston 70, power output mechanism 71 and working fluid gas; the heat conducting plate 55 and the adiabatic cylinder block 8 are enclosed into two relatively independent Space: Divided into two parts: heat exchange structure and expansion work structure, (but not including clean combustion furnace system). The enclosed space of the heat conducting plate 55 and the adiabatic cylinder block 8 is a heat exchange structure with at least two layers and a large amount of heat conduction. The thin-walled, small-spacing movable heat sink 61 made of high temperature resistant material; the piston plate 62 divides the space in the heat exchange structure into two parts, the upper part is the high temperature air chamber where the heat sink group 61 is located, and the lower part is the low temperature air chamber 63. The low-temperature air chamber 63 is also provided with a heat conduction plate 55, which can derive the heat of the low-temperature working fluid; the push-pull structure 64 connects the piston plate 62 and the hook plate of the movable heat sink at the same time, and when the push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, the hook plate 65 is forced to move The heat sink 61 moves downward and unfolds layer by layer until the end of the hook plate length. At the same time, the movable heat sink 61 pushes the piston plate 62 until the lower limit; and when the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upward. The movement also pushes the movable heat sinks to move upwards and press them together until the upper limit of the piston plate 62, so that heat can be conducted, and the heat is transferred to the movable heat sinks 61 layer by layer through the heat conducting plate. The expansion structure chamber enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder block is divided into an expansion work chamber and a closed air chamber by the return piston. The upper limit of the piston plate 62 on the top of the high temperature air chamber communicates with the expansion work chamber; the bottom of the low temperature air chamber is connected to the expansion work chamber. The return air valve is connected; the return air piston 70 is connected to the power output mechanism 71.

Work flow: 1. The piston plate 62 is at the upper limit, and the heat sink group 61 is squeezed. At this time, the heat conductor transfers heat to the heat sink 61, and the return air piston is at the left limit; 2. When heated to a predetermined temperature, the push-pull structure 64 pushes The top hook plate 65 and the heat sink 61 are unfolded layer by layer under the action of mechanical force, and push the piston plate 62 downwards, the valve on the piston plate 62 opens, and the low-temperature working fluid gas passes through the piston plate 62 into the high-temperature gas chamber, and dissipates heat. The sheet convection heat exchange rapidly heats up and expands to become high-temperature working fluid gas. The high-temperature working fluid gas enters the expansion work chamber and pushes the return piston to move to the right, driving the power output mechanism to perform work; the temperature of the working fluid gas after expansion does work, but still There is also a higher temperature; 3. The piston plate 62 moves to the lower limit while the air return piston moves to the right limit, and enters the next stage. The air return piston moves to the left under the pressure of the airtight chamber to drive

The working medium gas enters the low-temperature gas chamber from the one-way return valve, and the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62 upward, pushing the heat sink 61 to gather together, and extruding the high-temperature working medium gas in the gap between the heat sinks to drive it into expansion Work chamber; 4. At this time, the air return piston moves to the left limit position, the piston plate 62 moves to the upper limit position, the working fluid gas all returns to the low temperature gas chamber, and the heat conductor 55 of the low temperature gas chamber conducts the heat of the working fluid gas. The temperature of the working fluid gas is restored to the initial state and the next cycle is started. 5. The heat derived from the heat conductor 55 of the low-temperature gas chamber is used to heat the auxiliary gas into the combustion furnace, and recover all the heat to form a thermal cycle; it can also be used to heat heat transfer oil, high-temperature molten salt furnace and other methods to store heat.

If it is used in occasions where there is no combustion exothermic reaction, such as solar power generation, nuclear power generation, waste heat recovery, etc., this type of heat engine has a small temperature difference between the working fluid before and after expansion, and the single output power is small. Hydrogen and helium can be used Measures such as working medium gas with good thermal conductivity, greatly increasing frequency, increasing working medium pressure, or using high-pressure working medium gas to increase output power. After multiple cycles, a stable temperature gradient may appear on both sides of the high and low temperature working fluid gas, and even extreme situations where the temperature difference basically disappears. The cycle is difficult to continue. Therefore, a small amount of heat is discharged from the low temperature gas chamber to control the low temperature of the working fluid gas. The temperature does not exceed a certain limit to ensure the temperature difference and pressure difference of the working fluid gas.

3. Compact thermal engine structure

The internal circulation heat transfer type heat engine can also be designed as a compact type, as shown in Figure 14, the left heat exchange structure 102 and the right heat exchange structure 103 are combined into an expansion work structure, and the work piston will expand the cylinder chamber of the work structure. It is divided into a left expansion work chamber 100 and a right expansion work chamber 101. The high and low temperature air chambers of the left heat exchange structure communicate with the left expansion work chamber 100 of the expansion work structure through pipes, and the high and low temperature air chambers of the right heat exchange structure 102 pass through The pipeline communicates with the right expansion work chamber 101 of the expansion work structure.

The fin hook 65 of the left heat exchange structure and the corresponding fin hook 65 of the right heat exchange structure are connected as a whole, as shown in Fig. 15, so the left and right heat exchange structures realize linkage when working, when the left heat exchange structure push-pull structure pushes the piston When the plate is installed, the piston plate pushes the fins of the left heat exchange chamber, and the heat transfer is transferred to the fins of the right heat exchange structure. Therefore, the working process or working stage of the two is 180 degrees different, that is, the difference is half a beat, and the working rhythms of the two can complement each other. .

Similarly, in the above-mentioned thermal engines or various structures, the movable heat sink 61 is made of materials with good thermal conductivity and convection heat transfer performance and high temperature resistance, such as copper, silver and other metal materials or copper alloys, silicon carbide materials, etc. , It can also combine the advantages of the two to form a composite structure. For example, the silicon carbide sheet is a skeleton filled with copper alloy, which not only uses the high temperature resistance of silicon carbide, but also uses the characteristics of strong heat conductivity and poor high temperature strength of copper; movable heat dissipation When the fins 61 are squeezed together, they can be tightly combined and can conduct heat without leaving a gap, that is, a heat-conducting structure; when they are spread out, the surface area is large, which is conducive to convection heat exchange with gas, and performs the function of heat dissipation and heat exchange structure; The connection between the heat sinks is not necessarily through the hook 65. For example, the heat sinks can also be connected by high-temperature resistant metal cables, and the distance between the heat sinks is limited by the length of the cable; the surface shape of the movable heat sink 61 is not necessarily a flat surface. , It can also be a curved surface and other shapes with huge surface area, but it must be able to be tightly combined without leaving gaps after deformation under various temperature differences. After spreading, the surface area is huge, and its material structure combination and curved surface shape must be combined with temperature difference deformation. The calculation is determined.

An embodiment discloses a regenerative jet engine: when the heat storage carrier and the low-temperature working gas in a closed chamber heat up to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working gas, if the working gas is preferably air and other gases that can participate in the combustion reaction, the high temperature The high-pressure working fluid gas is used as an auxiliary gas to further react with the fuel to generate greater pressure, increase in temperature, and expand to perform work; and the combusted exhaust gas is discharged at a high speed to obtain recoil momentum. In the heat energy recovery stage, a heat-conducting heat exchange structure is used to recover the heat of the exhaust gas ejected from the closed chamber; based on this, a new type of thermal storage jet engine can be designed.

Jet engines have a wide range of uses. Due to the combination of compressors and turbofans, it is easy to obtain high-speed airflow and high-pressure gas. The improvement of the regenerative jet engine is very different; as shown in Figure 16, the regenerative jet engine has a first intake port. 73. Second intake port 74, third intake port 75, first intake port valve 76, second intake port valve 77, third intake port valve 78, first intake chamber 79, first combustion Chamber 80, first heat exchange chamber 81, flue gas mixing chamber 82, second heat exchange chamber 83, second combustion chamber 84, second intake chamber 85, first nozzle and valve 86, second nozzle and valve 87, etc. composition.

According to the sequence of the air flow, the first intake passage, the first intake chamber 79, the first combustion chamber 80, the first heat exchange chamber 81, the flue gas mixing chamber 82, the second heat exchange chamber 83, the second combustion chamber 84, The second intake chamber 85, the first nozzle and the valve 86 are arranged in sequence, the first intake port and the first intake chamber are connected by the first intake port valve, and the first intake chamber and the first combustion chamber are connected through the valve. The first combustion chamber and the first heat exchange chamber, the second combustion chamber and the second heat exchange chamber are connected by valves. The first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber are both built-in ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and auxiliary exchange Hot heat exchange piston and other structures; the first intake chamber and the first combustion chamber, and the second intake chamber and the second combustion chamber have no obvious boundaries, especially when performing the air injection process, they can be combined into one, and the first nozzle respectively And the valve is connected with the second nozzle and valve; the flue gas mixing chamber is connected with the third inlet, the first heat exchange chamber, and the second heat exchange chamber through the valve, and the second inlet passes through the second inlet chamber The first inlet valve is connected.

The first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber with built-in ceramic honeycomb regenerators are arranged symmetrically; the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the first nozzle and valve, the second nozzle and valve, etc. alternately perform two procedures or Process.

The first process: the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure of the first heat exchange chamber heats up and the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure of the second heat exchange chamber performs the heat release and temperature reduction process. The first inlet valve 76 is opened and the high-speed airflow hits When the wall plate of the first intake chamber 79 decelerates to almost zero and the pressure increases sharply; the high-pressure air and fuel in the first combustion chamber 80 are mixed and burned into high-temperature flue gas and sent to the first heat exchange chamber 81, the first heat exchange chamber The ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure 2 in 81 performs a heat storage and temperature rise process, and low-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is discharged into the flue gas mixing chamber.

The high-speed air and low-temperature and high-pressure flue gas coming in from the third inlet are mixed into high-pressure and low-oxygen air in the flue gas mixing chamber, and enters the second heat exchange chamber 83; after heat exchange with the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure 2, it becomes high-temperature and low-oxygen air. The pressure is doubled, and then it enters the second combustion chamber 84 and mixes with fuel to deflagrate with high temperature and low oxygen, rushing through the second nozzle and the valve outlet and ejecting at high speed.

The second process: the regenerator structure of the second heat exchange chamber completes heat release and temperature reduction. At this time, the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure of the first heat exchange chamber completes the heat storage and temperature rise stage and switches to the ceramic honeycomb of the second heat exchange chamber. The regenerator structure performs heat storage and temperature rise, while the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure of the first heat exchange chamber performs the heat release process: the high-speed second inlet valve opens, and the high-pressure air and fuel in the second combustion chamber are mixed and combusted into high-temperature flue gas It is sent into the second heat exchange chamber, and the low-temperature flue gas is discharged into the flue gas mixing chamber. The high-speed air and flue gas coming in from the third inlet are mixed into high-pressure and low-oxygen air in the flue gas mixing chamber, and enters the first heat exchange chamber; after heat exchange with the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure, it becomes high-temperature and low-oxygen air and the pressure is doubled. Then it is mixed with fuel into the first combustion chamber for high temperature and low oxygen deflagration, and the first nozzle and valve are blown out at high speed.

And so on, alternately looping.

This type of engine has high temperature and low oxygen stable combustion and reduces pollution, while the combustion is carried out in a near-static high-pressure and low-speed airflow. The structure is simple and compact, and there are almost no or few moving parts except valves. However, most of the exhaust gas still has a high amount of heat, and how to recover it has become a huge factor affecting energy efficiency; and such engines are extremely noisy, and reducing the noise level is also an important indicator.

For this reason, the structure of the combustion chamber and nozzle parts (first combustion chamber, first intake chamber, first nozzle and valve or second combustion chamber, second intake chamber, second nozzle and valve, etc.) can be improved as follows , As shown in Figure 17, the combustion chamber and nozzle structure are composed of a heat conducting structure 88, a combustion chamber 89, a front nozzle valve 90, a rear nozzle valve 91, an upper jet chamber 92, a lower jet 93, a heat conduction muffler structure 94, etc.; the combustion chamber 89 The front nozzle valve 90 is connected to the lower air jet 93 chamber, and the rear nozzle valve 91 is connected to the upper air jet chamber 92. The jet flow path is provided with a heat conduction silencing structure 94 perpendicular to the airflow direction, and is connected with the heat conduction structure 88.

The explosive gas in the combustion chamber 89 is sprayed out through the front nozzle valve 90 and the rear nozzle valve 91 in two opposite directions respectively. From the principle of momentum conservation, it can be seen that the momentum of the two parts of the gas is equal and opposite; and there is a device to control the front and rear valves. The design parameters control the proportion of the amount of gas respectively ejected.

The high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas is ejected from the rear valve into the upper jet chamber for expansion, expansion, decompression, deceleration and cooling, and is discharged from the nozzle, and passes through the heat conduction silencing structure 88 on the air flow path. The heat conduction silencing structure can be used as a silencing structure and also connected with the heat conduction structure to reduce the exhaust heat Introduce the intake chamber or the flue gas mixing chamber for recovery. For example, a small hole metal plate is used as a sound-absorbing design, and the metal plate also has the function of heat absorption and heat transfer. Its front flow area is small and the airflow resistance is small without losing momentum. The design of multi-stage throttling and decompression and capacity expansion and decompression is the same as the prior art and will not be repeated.

The high-speed airflow jetted from the front nozzle valve enters the lower jetting chamber, which is equipped with a large number of heat-conducting and sound-absorbing structures. After the expansion and deceleration, the momentum has been transferred to the main structure. At the same time, the temperature is greatly reduced, but the air pressure is still much higher than the external environment. After the pressure and temperature drop to a predetermined value (for example, the temperature is about 600 degrees at ten atmospheres, and the final exhaust temperature is close to normal temperature), it is then directed to the nozzle for high-speed ejection and elimination; according to the law of conservation of momentum, the exhaust gas is ejected at a high speed backward. Recoil momentum, so the main aircraft gains a second propulsion momentum.

At this time, the ejected airflow still has relatively high noise, so a heat-conducting sound-absorbing structure with a small front flow area and a heat-conducting and heat-recovering function is set to eliminate noise and further recover heat energy, including the sound insulation and sound insulation design of each chamber shell.

A further solution is to install a micro-hole injection structure that can be opened and closed behind the nozzle valve. The placement position is as shown in Figure 18. After the nozzle valve in the upper and lower jet chambers, and before the heat conduction muffler structure, it is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the airflow. .

The composition of the micro-hole injection structure is shown in Fig. 19. In the space enclosed by the outer wall 99 of the micro-hole injection structure, a horizontal injection plate 96, a vertical injection plate 97, and a sound-absorbing and silencing structure 98 are arranged; the horizontal injection plate is vertical In the direction of the air flow, the area is limited, and the length of the vertical micro-hole injection plate (tube) is not limited. Therefore, the amount of air injection is doubled, thereby forcing the horizontal airflow to be sprayed downwards to indirectly provide recoil momentum; and further arrangement The sound-absorbing and silencing structure 98 eliminates regenerated noise and other silencing designs; although the opening rate is only 2% to 3%, and the sound resistance consumes part of the energy, the efficiency is reduced, and the driving force per unit area is small, but it can be set to open and close. Structure, when it is closed, it operates under low noise and low thrust conditions, and when it is open, direct injection of high-pressure airflow is under high-power engine operating conditions, which can be switched freely.

Listed below are the application examples of this patent application (not disclosed, only internal experiments)

Application example one:

A medium-sized electric passenger car uses a new type of heat engine generator set, the fuel uses biomass particles, combined with the clean gas generator disclosed in the international application PCT/CN2018/106670, converts the biomass particles into medium-calorific value gas, and sends it to the diagram shown in Figure 6. The internal circulation regenerative engine drives the generator to generate electricity; the engine uses a ceramic honeycomb regenerator to exchange heat, about eight kilograms, a volume of about six liters, a specific surface area of 700M2/M3, and the volume of the engine body is about 200 liters, together with a combustion furnace The total volume inside is about 350 liters, and the weight is less than 300 kilograms; the heat exchange chamber is filled with atmospheric air, and the heat exchange room is exchanged 8 liters at a frequency of 5 Hz. The temperature of the working fluid rises to about 1270 degrees, and the output power is about 30 kilowatts. That is, generating 30 degrees per hour; when the air intake is increased to 16 liters, the instantaneous output power increases to 60 kilowatts, which has strong explosive power; the cooling chamber reduces the temperature of the high-temperature air to below 200 degrees to ensure that the temperature difference between before and after the work is about 1000 degrees. Enter the loop. The structure of the regenerator of the cooling chamber exchanges heat with the outside air to produce high-temperature air of about 500 degrees. The high-temperature air obtained is connected to the combustion furnace to continue to organize high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion and recover all the heat energy. Therefore, the efficiency is as high as 80%, which is more than twice that of internal combustion generators. .

Application example two:

A disc-type solar thermal power generation system is located in a remote area and provides up to 25 kilowatts of power. It is difficult to improve the power generation efficiency according to the existing solar thermal power generation technology. It is proposed to use the internal circulation heat conduction heat engine described in this application for transformation; the new heat engine is shown in the picture The compact thermal engine described in 14 adopts copper alloy and silicon carbide composite structure to design heat sink and heat conduction plates. The thickness of the heat sink is 2 mm, the spacing is 4 mm, and the average area of each piece is about 0.2 square, which is the heat exchange area on both sides. 0.4 square meters, 20 floors, 8 square meters of heat exchange area, two heat exchange structures are 16 square meters, the working fluid gas involved in heat exchange is about 8 liters; the working fluid gas uses 10MPa hydrogen, so the output power capacity is far greater than 25 kilowatts; The heat of the optical device is directly introduced into the heat-conducting plate, and the temperature is about one thousand degrees. After the expansion and work, the temperature of the working gas will decrease. If the temperature of the working gas rises abnormally, the heat-conducting plate that controls the low-temperature gas chamber will export part of the heat to control the temperature of the working gas. In a predetermined range; because solar power generation often performs heat storage operations, the temperature of the working fluid can be lowered to a lower temperature at this time, and the heat conduction plate of the low-temperature gas chamber will export heat and store it in the thermal energy storage mechanism.

Application example three:

A certain type of heavy truck uses the internal cycle regenerative engine shown in Figure 6 as power, and is connected to the gearbox through a power output mechanism such as a crank connecting rod structure to directly drive the wheels; the fuel uses biomass pellets, combined with Chinese patent 201810117007X and international applications The clean gas generating device disclosed in PCT/CN2018/106670 converts biomass particles into medium-calorific value gas, which is sent to the clean high-temperature combustion furnace system to burn to produce high-temperature clean flue gas. The high-temperature clean flue gas provides heat and the heat exchange room Ceramic heat storage body structure heat exchange, the heat exchange time is set to about one minute; the heat exchange room and cooling room use ceramic honeycomb heat storage body about 80 kg, the volume is about 60 liters, the specific surface area is 700M2/M3, the volume of the engine body About 900 liters, together with clean gas generators, combustion furnaces, etc., the total volume is about 1500 liters, and the weight is less than 1500 kg; the heat exchange chamber changes 80 liters at a time at a frequency of 5 Hz, and the working fluid temperature rises to about 1270 degrees, output The power is about 300 kilowatts; when encountering starting, climbing, acceleration and other working conditions, adjust the air intake to 160 liters or increase the ventilation frequency to 10 Hz, and the instantaneous output power is increased to 600 kilowatts, which has a strong explosive force; the cooling chamber will heat high-temperature air The temperature drops below 200 degrees to ensure that the temperature difference between before and after the work is about 1000 degrees, and the cycle is re-entered. The structure of the regenerator of the cooling chamber exchanges heat with the outside air to produce high-temperature air of about 500 degrees. The high-temperature air obtained is connected to the combustion furnace to continue to organize high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion and recover all heat energy, so the efficiency is as high as 80% or more; the entire engine system is soundproofed and soundproofed The enclosed design reduces the noise to about 20 decibels.

Application example four:

The winter heating equipment (distributed energy) of an infectious disease isolation ward adopts the distributed energy equipment produced by the technology of this application. Each room has a small engine of two kilowatts to several kilowatts, and the internal circulation heat storage engine shown in Figure 6 is used. , The fuel uses biomass pellets or coal, combined with the clean gas generator disclosed in Chinese patent 201810117007X and international application PCT/CN2018/106670, converts biomass pellets or coal into medium-calorific value gas, and sends it to the combustion furnace system to produce high-temperature flue gas , And then enter the heat exchange chamber to heat the regenerator; its working medium is atmospheric air, which is heated to more than 600 degrees and still has a high temperature of four or five hundred degrees after doing work. The ceramic honeycomb regenerator in the cooling chamber cools it to Around 200 degrees, to ensure the temperature difference and pressure difference of the working medium before and after the work; the heating structure at one end of the cooling chamber extracts the dirty air in the room to cool the heat conduction plate, and it becomes about 400 degrees high temperature air and sends it to the combustion furnace to recover heat, which also avoids the rooms. The dirty air overflows with fresh air; the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with the regenerator to produce low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas can also be passed into the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger, and the heat exchange is about 150 degrees Celsius. Indoors, this temperature is similar to that of an electric heater, which is lower than the gas temperature of a coal-fired stove or a charcoal stove, but it is enough to replace the heating.

At the same time, small solar concentrators, such as about four or five square meters, can be added to integrate complementary power generation with coal and biomass fuels, and share turbine systems; and this type of solar power generation equipment can be miniaturized, simple and inexpensive, and concentrators According to the thermal efficiency of 80% and the power generation efficiency of the new type of thermal engine to 80%, the power generation efficiency will reach more than 60%, which is double the efficiency of solar thermal power generation and three or four times that of photovoltaic power generation (10%-20%).

If it is summer or when the temperature is high, the refrigeration compressor is directly driven and used as a mobile air conditioner, and a plasma generator or a photocatalyst generator is provided for disinfection, so that the air entering and leaving the room can be disinfected in both directions. Because it can also adjust the inlet or exhaust pressure to form a positive or negative pressure room, it can block the possibility of infection caused by the air circulation in the room.

The clean gas generating device will treat the raw materials including patient pollutants (including medical garbage, excrement, etc.), household garbage, meal waste and other difficult-to-handle garbage materials with high water content, and add dry fuel as a high-temperature steam gasification raw material to disappear. Biomass charcoal formed by high-temperature gasification can also be used as an air filter, and the generated electricity can also be used for high-power ultraviolet radiation disinfection machine to treat the discharged sewage, even a simple room can be a closed home isolation room; and one device can also be used at the same time Engines (generators), sterilizers, heaters, air conditioners, solar power generation devices, etc., are simple in structure and affordable.

It can also be used to design enclosed breeding houses for blocking African swine fever and avian flu.

It is more convenient to install and use in non-epidemic areas.

Application example five:

A certain type of intelligent variable temperature air-conditioning suit uses the device of this application as shown in Figure 6 to make a micro-generator set to replace the battery as the power. The power is about 200 watts, so as to completely solve a series of problems such as limited battery capacity and limited power: vegetable oil can be used as fuel. One liter of vegetable oil can maintain 24 hours of power, including mobile phones, computers, dynamic balance vehicles, motorcycles and other portable equipment, including power or electricity; high temperature exhaust gas in winter replaces heating vests; summer fan blowing and cooling; (30 watts) (Inside); can directly drive micro refrigeration compressors and other applications according to demand, and can use micro compressors produced by Shenzhen Cooling Times Company. The weight is less than 900 grams. The whole set of equipment and the engine are less than three kilograms. A military coat the weight of;

In the current epidemic environment, a transparent mask or hood can also be used to form a closed and semi-enclosed internal environment, imitating an electronic mask and adding a plasma or photocatalyst generator to purify and treat the gas in and out of the environment in the clothing (removing haze and dust, adding negative ions, disinfecting , Inactivate viruses and bacteria, remove peculiar smells, adjust temperature and humidity, etc.); micro-pumps enhance the ventilation rate of inside and outside clothing and face not less than 150 liters/min, (clothes no longer require ventilation), air circulation pressure in clothing, human body and underwear Maintain a slight positive pressure gradient between the air pressure and the air pressure between the exposed part and the outside in order; the new device can be fixed on the instep and directly supported on the sole to reduce the weight of the weak; high-temperature exhaust or ozone-enriched exhaust can be used as a miniature movable The nozzle of the sterilizer is set at exposed positions such as lips (when eating) to form one or more air curtains to block outside air from entering, and set on the hands, cushions, bottoms of shoes and other places that need to be disinfected to kill viruses and bacteria; the mask is equipped with ozone catalytic decomposition The filter layer removes ozone from the inhaled lung gas; add diaphragm electrolytic salt water sterilizer, military anti-virus filter, etc. or other portable equipment as needed. Menu-style combination of functions from low to high, the price is extremely affordable.

Application example six:

A new type of helicopter with a full load of 1,500 kilograms, powered by the thermal storage jet engine described in this application, equipped with open and closed micro-hole injection structure, and equipped with a compressor to generate high-pressure airflow; palm oil, etc. Cheap vegetable oil is used as fuel. The micro-hole injection structure is turned on during takeoff and landing to enter a low-noise propulsion mode; the opening rate of the injection plate is 2%, and the pressure chamber is maintained at about 0.2MPa, and the micro-hole injection plate per square level can provide About 300 kilograms of thrust, a one-meter-long vertical micro-hole injection plate can provide 200 kilograms of thrust based on 15 pieces of installation, and the total thrust per square meter is no less than 500 kilograms; the bottom is equipped with a four-square-meter micro-hole injection structure plate, which is enough to ensure Low-noise take-off and landing; close the micro-hole injection structure after entering the air, switch to the high-power flight mode where the exhaust gas is directly ejected, and perform the workflow described in this application; the helicopter can directly cancel the rotor after adopting the new heat engine, and can be designed as Low-noise flying car with vertical take-off and landing.

Application example seven:

A large thermal power plant has been using biomass fuels and coal and other fuels to generate electricity and heat by using a boiler and steam turbine generator set. The power of a single unit is 50,000 kilowatts; if the gas purification + internal circulation regenerative heat engine advocated in this application is fully adopted For the transformation, a large number of large-scale complete sets of equipment were discarded and a huge amount of money was needed to invest including civil engineering, which is equivalent to rebuilding a thermal power plant; it is planned to use the internal circulation regenerative heat engine with heating structure in the technology of this application for transformation, so the main amount of transformation is It is to replace large-scale steam turbines and auxiliary structures, while most other large-scale equipment and facilities can be retained, and the transformation investment can be saved to the greatest extent; only need to lay high-temperature flue gas pipes to send high-temperature flue gas from the existing combustion furnace to the heating structure of the new heat engine. The combustion furnace, denitration and desulfurization purification system, etc. can be retained. The new large heat engine is equipped with a heating structure to transfer the heat of the flue gas to the heat exchange working fluid gas. The heater adopts the movable heater as shown in Figure 10; all in this device The heat exchange working medium gas and the working medium gas used for power cycle use 30MPa high-pressure hydrogen. In order to reduce the volume of the high-pressure vessel to reduce the difficulty and cost of production, the total power of 50,000 kilowatts can be allocated to multiple new heat engines, such as ten sets of five thousand. The new kW heat engine is connected in parallel, which greatly reduces the cost; the flue gas temperature of the combustion furnace is about 800 degrees. After the thermal energy conversion, the working temperature of the heat exchange chamber is set to about 600 degrees. After expansion, the cooling chamber cools the working gas temperature to 200 degrees. To ensure the temperature difference and pressure difference before and after the work; the heating structure at the end of the cooling chamber produces high temperature air temperature of about 300 degrees, all connected to the combustion furnace to recover heat, greatly improving the effective efficiency to more than 60%; because it cannot be completely transformed by new technology , The exhaust temperature of the combustion furnace is still relatively high, and the original boiler and other recovered flue gas heat is used to provide hot water and other utilization. The original equipment can still be used in addition to the steam turbine.

As a further solution, the high-temperature flue gas heat can also be recovered by using the compact heat-conducting heat engine shown in Figure 14 of this application. Since only a small amount of heat needs to be exported to ensure the temperature difference of the working gas, the exported heat can be used to preheat the air, and then Pass the preheated air into the heating structure at the end of the cooling chamber, exchange heat with the heat-conducting plate 55 into high-temperature air and send it to the combustion furnace, so that the effective efficiency reaches the limit of 95% or more.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the application are not limited by the above content, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the application are all The replacement methods that should be equivalent are all included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims (17)

1. The thermodynamic cycle method is characterized in that heat is sent into the closed chamber through the heat storage carrier in a non-combustion manner, and then the low-temperature working fluid gas and the heat storage carrier are rapidly heated and expanded to obtain pressure work in the closed chamber.

   Including the 4 steps of the following cycle:

   (1) Heat energy introduction stage: the heat energy of the heat source is transferred to the heat storage carrier and enters the preset closed chamber;

   (2) Heat transfer and expansion work stage: Preset the low-temperature working fluid gas and the heat storage carrier in the closed chamber to quickly exchange heat. After the low-temperature working fluid gas heats up, the temperature is increased to obtain the expansion pressure to perform work and output power;

   (3) Thermal energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working fluid gas becomes high-temperature working fluid gas after heat exchange and expansion to perform work. The temperature of the working fluid gas is reduced through heat exchange, and the heat of this part of the working fluid gas is exported out of the closed chamber;

   (4) Enter the next cycle stage: the heat storage carrier and working fluid gas return to the initial state, and the next cycle begins.
2. The thermal cycle method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat storage carrier is a heat storage body structure, the heat storage body structure is a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and the heat exchange expansion stage of work is the heat storage body and The low-temperature working fluid gas exchanges heat and expands to do work.
3. The thermal cycle method according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage carrier is a heat-conducting and heat-exchanging structure, and the part of the heat-conducting and heat-exchanging structure in the airtight chamber is a telescopic and unfolding structure, and when it is contracted and squeezed together It is a heat-conducting structure, which is a heat-exchanging structure when it is deployed in a closed chamber; the heat-exchange expansion and work stage is the heat-conducting heat-exchange structure and the low-temperature working fluid gas for heat-exchange and expansion work.
4. The thermal cycle method according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage carrier is a heat storage body structure, preferably a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and the heat exchange expansion work stage is a heat storage body and a low-temperature working medium gas. The heat exchange temperature rises to become a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium gas. The working medium gas is preferably air, which acts as a combustion-supporting gas and reacts with fuel to produce high-pressure expansion and work; the heat energy recovery stage is a heat-conducting heat exchange structure that recovers the heat of the exhaust gas ejected from the closed chamber.
5. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: a heat-insulating cylinder block (8), a heat exchange chamber (9), a heat exchange chamber piston (23), and an intake chamber (10) , Cylinder chamber (11), air compression chamber (12), piston (13), piston rod (14), ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure (2), one-way air inlet (15), pressure exhaust valve ( 16), exhaust port (17), high temperature flue gas valve (18), low temperature flue gas valve (19), one-way air flow channel (20), pressure air inlet (21), one-way valve (22) and control Device, pressure air pipe (25), high temperature and low oxygen combustion gas mixing chamber (26), combustion furnace (270, reburning denitrifier (28), fuel pipe (29), high temperature and low oxygen combustion gas pipe (30), high temperature flue gas Pipe (31), reversing valve (32), low temperature flue gas pipe (33), low temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34), return flue gas pipe (35), high temperature air pipe (36), clean gas generator The intake chamber (10) and at least one heat exchange chamber (9) are connected by at least one one-way air flow channel (20) provided with a one-way valve (22), the piston (13) and the piston rod (14) will be insulated The remaining part of the enclosed space of the cylinder block (8) is divided into two parts: a cylinder chamber (11) and an air pressurizing chamber (12). The heat exchange chamber (9) and the cylinder chamber pass through at least one check valve (22). Connected to the air flow channel (20), a pressure air inlet (21) is provided on the air inlet chamber (10), which is connected to the pressure exhaust valve 15 on the air pressurizing chamber (12) through a pressure air inlet pipe. At least one is symmetrically arranged The above heat exchange chamber (9) filled with the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structural unit, the ceramic honeycomb regenerator structure (2) is provided with at least one independent unit;

   The middle of the heat exchange chamber (9) is an air inlet chamber (10);

   The control device controls and adjusts the intake air frequency, pressure, and the number of heat storage units participating in the thermal energy cycle;

   The air inlet of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with at least one high temperature flue gas valve (18), and the air outlet is provided with at least one low temperature flue gas valve (19);

   The high-temperature air pipe (36) connects the exhaust port of the engine with the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), the high-temperature and low-oxygen mixing chamber (26) communicates with the combustion furnace (27), the combustion furnace (27) and the reburning denitrifier (28) ) Are connected; the reburning denitrifier (28) has a high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting pipe (30) and a return flue gas pipe (35) respectively connected to the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), and a high-temperature flue gas pipe ( 31) It is connected to the engine heat exchange chamber through the reversing valve (32), and a return flue gas pipe (35) leads into the high temperature and low oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber; the high temperature flue gas pipe (31) is connected to the engine through a high temperature flue gas valve The heat chamber (9), and the low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected to the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) by the low-temperature flue gas pipe (33); the pressure exhaust port of the engine is connected by the pressure air pipe (25) and the low-temperature flue gas The gas heat exchanger (34) is connected to the engine pressure air inlet after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger;

   An intake piston (23) connected with a push-pull structure is arranged in the intake chamber (10), and an air hole (24) is arranged on the side wall of the intake piston (23).
6. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized in that it is composed of a heat exchange structure, a heat exchange structure, and an expansion work structure, and the work piston separates the cylinder chamber of the expansion work structure into the left high temperature The expansion chamber (53) and the right high temperature expansion chamber (54), the high temperature expansion chamber of heat exchange structure one (51) communicates with the left high temperature expansion chamber (53) of the expansion work structure, and the high temperature expansion chamber of heat exchange structure two (52) It communicates with the right high temperature expansion chamber (54) of the expansion work structure.
7. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized in that: a heat exchange chamber (37), a cooling chamber (38), a heat exchange piston and a driving mechanism (39), and a thermal insulation film ( 40), cooling air chamber (41) and high temperature expansion chamber (42), insulated cylinder block (8), working piston and piston rod (46), power output mechanism (47), clean combustion furnace system (48), heat conducting plate (55), heater (56), high temperature working medium gas pipe (57), driving pump (58), return gas pipe (59), heat exchange working medium gas, heat exchange chamber (37) is set with at least two ceramic honeycombs The heat storage body structure (2) is connected to the cooling air chamber (41) through the intake valve (43), and is connected to the high temperature expansion chamber through the exhaust valve (44); the cooling chamber (41) is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb storages The heating body structure (2) is connected with the cooling air chamber (41) through the exhaust valve (44), and is connected with the high temperature expansion chamber (42) through the return valve (45). The working piston and piston rod (46) are connected with the power output mechanism (47), the cylinder chamber is connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure, and the combustion furnace (48) and the heat exchange chamber are connected with the high-temperature flue gas pipe (31). The cooling chamber is connected through the high temperature air pipe (36), and the low temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) is connected to the heat exchange chamber (37) and the cooling chamber (38) through the low temperature flue gas pipe (33) and the hot air pipe (49) respectively ；

   The clean combustion furnace system (48) conducts heat conduction and heat transfer through the heat conducting plate (55), and the high temperature working medium gas pipe is connected to the heater 56 and the high temperature flue gas valve (18) on the heat exchange chamber (37), and the return pipe (59) The drive pump (58), the heater (56) and the low temperature flue gas valve (19) on the heat exchange chamber (37) are connected to form a closed circulation pipeline.
8. The heat engine of the thermal cycle method according to claim 7, characterized in that it is composed of a heat conducting plate (55) and a fixed heat sink (60), the heat conducting plate (55) and the fixed heat sink (60) are a composite structure, at least one The fixed heat sink (60) is connected with the heat conducting plate (55).
9. The heat engine of the thermal cycle method according to claim 7, characterized in that: a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a hook plate (65), a push-pull structure (64), a low temperature The air chamber (63) and the piston plate (62) are composed. The length of the hook plate (65) is determined according to the movement position of the movable heat sink (61). The hook plate (65) is connected to the movable heat sink (61), and the push-pull structure (64) ) Simultaneously connecting the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65), and the piston plate (62) is provided with holes.
10. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized in that it consists of a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a piston plate (62), a low temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull Structure (64), movable fin hook (65), insulated cylinder block (8), air inlet (66), high temperature exhaust valve (67), expansion work chamber (68), closed air chamber (69), The return air piston (70), the power output mechanism (71), etc., the heat conducting plate (55) and the adiabatic cylinder block (8) are enclosed into two relatively independent parts, and the piston plate (62) divides the space in the heat exchange structure into Two parts: the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber (63); the high-temperature air chamber is equipped with at least two layers of movable radiating fins (61); the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber (63) is provided with an air inlet, with a push-pull structure (64) ) At the same time connect the piston plate (62) and the hook plate of the movable heat sink; the expansion work structure chamber enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder block is divided into the expansion work chamber and the closed air chamber by the return air piston. The top of the high temperature air chamber and the expansion The work chamber is communicated, and the side wall of the expansion work chamber is provided with a high-temperature exhaust valve; the return air piston (70) is connected with the power output mechanism (71).
11. A heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists of a heat conducting plate (55), a movable heat sink (61), a piston plate (62), and a low-temperature air chamber (63) , Push-pull structure (64), movable fin hook (65), insulated cylinder block (8), cooler (73), one-way return valve (72), expansion work chamber (68), closed air chamber (69) ), return air piston (70), power output mechanism (71) and working fluid gas; the heat conducting plate (55) and the adiabatic cylinder block (8) enclose two relatively independent spaces; the piston plate (62) will heat exchange structure The inner space is divided into a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable heat sinks (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; a push-pull structure (64) is connected to the piston plate (62) and the movable heat sink at the same time Hook plate (65), the expansion structure chamber enclosed by the adiabatic cylinder block is divided into an expansion work chamber and a closed air chamber by the return air piston. The piston plate (62) on the top of the high temperature air chamber communicates with the expansion work chamber above the upper limit; The bottom of the low-temperature gas chamber is provided with a heat conducting plate (55), and the bottom of the low-temperature gas chamber is connected with the expansion work chamber through a gas return valve; the gas return piston (70) is connected with the power output mechanism (71).
12. A heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it is composed of a left heat exchange structure (102), a right heat exchange structure (103), and an expansion work structure, and is characterized by: work The piston divides the cylinder chamber of the expansion work structure into a left expansion work chamber (100) and a right expansion work chamber (101). The high and low temperature air chambers of the left heat exchange structure pass through the pipeline and the left expansion work chamber (100) of the expansion work structure. Connected, the high and low temperature air chambers of the right heat exchange structure (102) communicate with the right expansion work chamber (101) of the expansion work structure through pipes, and the movable heat sink (61) of the left heat exchange structure passes through the heat sink hook (65) The movable heat sink (61) corresponding to the right heat exchange structure is connected as a whole.
13. The heat engine of the thermal cycle method according to claim 11, characterized in that the movable heat sink 61 is a composite structure, and its material structure combination mode and curved surface shape must be determined in conjunction with temperature difference calculation.
14. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a first intake port (73), a second intake port (74), a third intake port (75), and a first intake port (73), a second intake port (74), a third intake port (75), and a second intake port (74). One intake port valve (76), second intake port (77) valve, third intake port valve (78), first intake chamber (79), first combustion chamber (80), first heat exchange Chamber (81), flue gas mixing chamber (82), second heat exchange chamber (83), second combustion chamber (84), second intake chamber (85), first nozzle and valve (86) and second Spout and valve (87);

    A first intake port valve (76) is provided between the first intake port (73) and the first intake chamber (79). The first intake chamber (79) is in communication with the first combustion chamber (80). A valve is provided between the combustion chamber (80) and the first heat exchange chamber (81), a valve is provided between the first heat exchange chamber (81) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and the first intake chamber (79) is connected to the outside Set the first nozzle and valve (86) between;

    A third inlet valve (78) is arranged between the second inlet (74) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82);

    A second intake port (77) valve is provided between the third intake port (75) and the second intake chamber (85), the second intake chamber (85) is in communication with the second combustion chamber (84), and the second intake chamber (85) is in communication with the second combustion chamber (84). A valve is set between the combustion chamber (84) and the second heat exchange chamber (83), a valve is set between the second heat exchange chamber (83) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and the second intake chamber (85) is connected to the outside Set a second nozzle and valve (87) between;

    Both the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber have built-in ceramic honeycomb regenerator structures and auxiliary heat exchange structures such as heat exchange pistons.
15. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method according to claim 14, characterized in that: the first combustion chamber (80) and the second combustion chamber (84) are both silencing combustion chambers (89), and silencing combustion chambers (89) A front nozzle valve (90) and a rear nozzle valve (91) are arranged on both sides. The front nozzle valve (90) is connected to the lower spray chamber (93), and the rear nozzle valve (91) is connected to the upper spray chamber (92) and the lower spray chamber (93) ) Is provided with a heat-conducting structure (88), and a heat-conducting and sound-absorbing structure (94) is provided in the lower jet chamber (93) and the upper jet chamber (92).
16. The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method according to claim 15, characterized in that: the lower air injection chamber (93) and the upper air injection chamber (92) are provided with a micro-hole injection structure (95).
17. The heat engine for realizing the thermal cycle method according to claim 15, characterized in that: the microporous injection structure (95) comprises an outer wall (99) of the microporous injection structure, and the outer wall (99) of the microporous injection structure is arranged inside There are a horizontal injection plate (96), a vertical injection plate (97) and a sound-absorbing and silencing structure (98).

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