CN115280008A - Thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine for implementing said method - Google Patents
Thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine for implementing said method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115280008A CN115280008A CN202080079897.5A CN202080079897A CN115280008A CN 115280008 A CN115280008 A CN 115280008A CN 202080079897 A CN202080079897 A CN 202080079897A CN 115280008 A CN115280008 A CN 115280008A
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Abstract
A thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine realizing the method, its thermodynamic cycle is to utilize the high-temperature ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator (2) to the gas very fast high-efficient heat transfer function to make the low-temperature gas exchange the thermal energy and obtain the pressure intensity and do work fast in the closed chamber fast, or utilize the high-efficient heat conduction material to introduce the heat energy into the closed chamber fast, heat exchange with the low-temperature gas fast and raise the temperature and expand and obtain the pressure intensity and do work, output power, and reclaim the heat energy of the end gas and raise the efficiency greatly.
Description
The utility model relates to a heat energy and power engineering technical field, its thermodynamic cycle makes low-temperature gas obtain the pressure and do work in the quick heat transfer inflation of airtight space for utilizing ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator to the quick high-efficient heat transfer function of gas, or utilizes high-efficient heat conduction material to lead into airtight space with heat energy fast, heats up the inflation with low-temperature gas quick heat transfer and obtains the pressure and do work, output to retrieve working medium gas heat energy and increase substantially efficiency. In particular to the field of power machinery such as a heat energy engine.
In the rapid development of human society in the last 400 years, heat-powered machines (heat engines for short) play a very important role — steam engines are known as the first industrial revolution, and internal combustion engines are one of the second industrial revolution. Steam engines, steam turbines, diesel engines, gasoline engines, stirling engines, gas turbines, jet engines, gas-steam combined plants, nuclear power plants and the like all belong to heat engines, and the heat engines have been regarded by people for more than 300 years as heat efficiency and energy conservation problems.
Practical steam engines have been available for over 300 years, and their thermal efficiency has increased from the then-current 0.9% to the highest 49% of modern steam turbines. In order to reduce the final exhaust pressure to improve the thermal efficiency, the steam condensing cabinet of modern steam power improves the initial pressure and the initial temperature of steam and reduces the back pressure of the steam condensing cabinet to obtain the improvement of the thermal efficiency; it has been developed today that supercritical pressures of greater than 22.1mpa, supercritical pressures of greater than 27mpa or steam temperatures of greater than 600/620 degrees celsius, take nearly three hundred years. One of the characteristics of steam power is that the power of a single machine is extremely large, so that large-scale heat energy power plants almost invariably adopt steam turbine power.
The first practical internal combustion engine dates back to the original internal combustion engine in 1860 reno, and the thermal efficiency of the first practical internal combustion engine has been improved from 2-3% of the time to 55.4% of the current time in recent 160 years. The boosting technology is applied in the 50 s of the 20 th century, and is similar to the combined cycle of a piston type internal combustion engine and a gas turbine, so that the detonation pressure is greatly improved, and the heat efficiency is improved year by year. If the steam power provided for the waste heat boiler is considered, the heat efficiency can be improved by 4-5 percent and the heat efficiency of the high-speed diesel engine is close to 45 percent. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of the gasoline engine, the Carnot principle is to increase the compression ratio, and under the common compression ratio of the existing gasoline engine, the thermal efficiency is between 22 and 30 percent and the highest rate is 41 percent; the power of an internal combustion engine is used almost without exception in automobiles. Gas turbine jet engines are in the air with an empowerment position.
The piston type hot-gas engine-Stirling engine is proposed by Robert Stirling, a pasturam in London in 1816, is an externally heated closed cycle engine, has a working principle belonging to one of general Carnot cycles, and is mainly used for realizing heat regeneration. The development of the Stirling engine is always constant with that of a steam engine and an internal combustion engine for hundreds of years, the Stirling engine is compatible with various fuels as a steam engine boiler, has high efficiency, few moving parts, low pollution and low noise, but the realization of heat regeneration is not thorough, the working medium is complicated to seal, serious in leakage and small in torque, the requirement on working materials is high in high temperature for a long time, the volume is increased and the manufacturing cost is increased due to the heat insulation design, so that the Stirling engine is always in an embarrassing position, the Stirling engine is mainly used for the fields of submarine engines, solar power generation heat engines, waste heat recovery and the like, and the thermal efficiency generally reaches 25-35% and is 47% at most.
The gas turbine is firstly applied to aviation and then to power generation from the 40 th age of the 20 th century, and the thermal efficiency is only 20-30%. In order to avoid the increase of the temperature of the fuel gas and the increase of the emission of NOx, the heat regenerator is used for preheating the air entering the combustion chamber to reduce the final temperature of the exhaust, and the gas compressor can be cooled in the middle, so that the heat efficiency can reach 43-44%. If the exhaust gas with higher temperature enters the waste heat boiler to generate steam, the power thermal efficiency is 5-10% higher than that of the common steam turbine. The gas-steam power combined device is the development direction of the current thermal power station, and the generating heat efficiency can reach 55 percent.
Practical nuclear power starts in 1954, is mainly used for large nuclear power ships and more for power generation; the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant is unique, but the secondary circuit is not fundamentally different from a conventional steam turbine plant and remains a steam turbine power plant, so that thermal energy not converted to electrical energy can be as high as 60% and cause thermal pollution. The use of nuclear reactor thermal energy in accordance with the principles of gas turbine plants is still under consideration.
The thermodynamic cycle theory and practice of the existing heat engine have a great deal of discussion of various works, teaching materials, articles and the like, and are not described again; according to the existing thermodynamic cycle mode, various heat engines approach the limits of high parameters, high thermal efficiency and large capacity, the structural composition is more and more complex and precise, the cost is increased continuously, and a room for further improvement is available, but the heat engines are very difficult, and the achievement of running for hundreds of meters in physical exercise is very difficult to improve every little. Most internal combustion engines can only use fossil fuels such as petroleum products and the like, aircraft engines can only burn aviation gasoline and aviation kerosene, automobile engines can only burn gasoline and diesel oil, and even burn natural gas and are subjected to complex modification; the problem that the combustion temperature is increased for improving the efficiency, the emission pollution is increased due to the increase of the combustion temperature, the noise is continuously increased due to the continuous increase of the combustion pressure is solved to the extent that the problem that the pure electric vehicle and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle replace the internal combustion engine in some countries in the field of automobiles, such as the problem of avoiding the combustion pollution, is solved. And the existing heat engines are difficult to miniaturize, for example, a 400-watt miniature gas turbine produced in Japan has sixteen thousands of selling prices, and has no industrial popularization value.
In the foreseeable future, the improvement of reliability and durability, the improvement of emission pollution and the use of renewable energy sources are still the problems concerned by human beings, and only a new way is needed to further and greatly improve the thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a thermodynamic cycle method and a heat engine for realizing the method.
The application aims to provide a new thermodynamic cycle method, which can recover almost all 'tail gas' heat, and design various novel heat engines according to the heat, so that the efficiency of the novel heat engines is greatly improved even in multiples, various fuels are compatible, the combustion pollution is eliminated, the noise is reduced, the structure is simple, the price is low, and the miniaturization can be realized, so that the novel heat engines widely replace various heat engines such as the existing internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine, the gas turbine, the steam turbine, the jet engine and the like in various fields.
The scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the thermodynamic cycle method includes feeding heat via heat accumulating carrier into sealed cavity, fast heating and expanding to obtain pressure work,
4 steps including the following cycle:
(1) A heat energy introduction stage: transferring heat energy of a heat source to a heat storage carrier, and entering a preset closed chamber;
(2) A heat exchange expansion work stage: the method comprises the steps that low-temperature working medium gas is organized in a preset closed cavity to exchange heat with a heat storage carrier quickly, the temperature of the low-temperature working medium gas is raised in an equal volume mode after heat exchange, expansion pressure is obtained to do work, and power is output;
(3) A heat energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working medium gas is expanded to work after heat exchange to form high-temperature working medium gas, the temperature of the working medium gas is reduced through heat exchange, and the heat of the part of the working medium gas is led out of the closed chamber;
(4) Entering the next cycle stage: the heat storage carrier and the working medium gas are restored to the initial state, and the next cycle is started.
The heat storage carrier is of a heat storage body structure, the heat storage body structure is of a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and the heat exchange expansion work stage is used for performing heat exchange expansion work on the heat storage body and the low-temperature working medium gas.
The heat storage carrier is a heat conduction and heat exchange structure, the part of the heat conduction and heat exchange structure in the closed cavity is a retractable structure, the heat conduction structure is a heat conduction structure when the heat conduction and heat exchange structure is retracted and extruded together, and the heat exchange structure is a heat exchange structure when the heat conduction and heat exchange structure is expanded in the closed cavity; the heat exchange expansion working stage is used for heat exchange expansion working of the heat conduction heat exchange structure and the low-temperature working medium gas.
The heat storage carrier is of a heat storage body structure, preferably a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, the heat exchange expansion work stage is that the heat storage body and low-temperature working medium gas exchange heat and rise temperature to become high-temperature and high-pressure working medium gas, and the working medium gas is preferably air and is used as combustion-supporting gas to react with fuel to generate high-pressure expansion work; and the heat energy recovery stage is used for recovering the heat of the tail gas sprayed out of the closed cavity by the heat conduction and heat exchange structure.
More specifically:
the thermodynamic cycle method comprises the steps of sending heat into a heat storage structure or a heat conduction and heat exchange structure in a closed cavity in a non-combustion mode, and then organizing low-temperature gas in the closed cavity to exchange heat with the low-temperature gas to rapidly heat up and expand the low-temperature gas to obtain pressure work, and is characterized in that: 4 steps including the following cycle:
(1) A heat energy introduction stage: the heat source generates clean flue gas to heat the heat accumulator structure, the heat accumulator structure is preferably a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure, if the heat source flue gas does not meet the requirement, a heat energy conversion device can be arranged to convert the heat of the flue gas into clean high-temperature heating gas (working medium gas) to heat the heat accumulator structure, and the heat accumulator structure after heat accumulation and temperature rise is directly sent into a preset closed chamber as a heat accumulation carrier; the heat-conducting heat exchange structure can also be made of materials with good heat-conducting and heat-conducting performance, heat of a heat source is directly led into a preset closed cavity, the part of the heat-conducting heat exchange structure in the closed cavity is used as a heat storage carrier, the heat-conducting heat exchange structure has a rapid heat exchange function design and is a telescopic expansion structure (when the heat-conducting heat exchange structure is contracted and extruded together, the heat-conducting structure is used for conducting heat in or out, and when the heat-conducting heat exchange structure is expanded in the closed cavity, rapid heat exchange can be realized with gas tissue convection heat exchange and the like due to large surface area, namely large heat exchange area, high heat-conducting and heat-conducting coefficients and the like, and the heat exchange structure is formed).
(2) A heat exchange expansion and work stage: and low-temperature or normal-temperature working medium gas is organized in the preset closed chamber to exchange heat with the heat storage structure quickly, and after the heat exchange of the low-temperature working medium gas, the constant-volume temperature rise expansion is carried out to obtain pressure to do work and output power. Or the heat exchange with the heat conduction heat exchange structure is rapid: when the heat conduction heat exchange structure is partially unfolded in the closed cavity, low-temperature working medium gas enters the interval of the radiating fins with huge contact area, and the convective heat exchange is organized to rapidly heat up and expand to do work and output power.
(3) And (3) a heat energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working medium gas becomes high-temperature working medium gas after heat exchange, the temperature is reduced after expansion and work, but the high-temperature working medium gas still contains more heat energy, if external circulation is adopted, for example, air is used as the working medium gas, the high-temperature air after expansion and work is directly sent to external heat sources such as a combustion furnace and the like, and all heat energy is recovered; if the heat is internal circulation, the temperature of the working medium gas is reduced through heat exchange, and the heat is led out of the closed chamber.
(4) Entering the next cycle stage: after heat release of the heat storage structure is finished, the heat storage structure is moved out of the closed cavity and reheated to start a heat storage temperature rise stage, the working medium gas is recovered to the initial state, (the outer circulation is the replacement of the working medium gas such as air), the heat storage carrier and the like are also recovered to the initial state, and the next circulation is started.
A special case is: the heat storage carrier in the closed chamber exchanges heat with low-temperature working medium gas to heat up the working medium gas into high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas, if the working medium gas is preferably air or other gas which can participate in combustion reaction, the high-temperature high-pressure air is further used as combustion-supporting gas to further react with fuel to generate higher pressure to heat up and expand to do work; and the tail gas after combustion is discharged at high speed to obtain the back-flushing momentum. In the heat energy recovery stage, a heat conduction heat exchange structure is adopted to recover the heat of the tail gas sprayed out of the closed chamber.
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method comprises a heat insulation cylinder block (8), a heat exchange chamber (9), a heat exchange chamber piston (23), an air inlet chamber (10), a cylinder chamber (11), an air compression chamber (12), a piston (13), a piston rod (14), a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure (2), a one-way air inlet (15), a pressure exhaust valve (16), an exhaust port (17), a high-temperature flue gas valve (18), a low-temperature flue gas valve (19), a one-way airflow channel (20), a pressure air inlet (21), a one-way valve (22) and a control device, a pressure air pipe (25), a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), a combustion furnace (270), a reburning denitrator (28), a fuel pipe (29), a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe (30), a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31), a reversing valve (32), a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33), a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34), a backflow flue gas pipe (35), a high-temperature air pipe (36) and a fuel gas generator, wherein the air inlet chamber (10) is connected with at least one-way airflow channel (20) provided with the one-way valve (22), and the heat exchange chamber (9) and the piston rod (14) to separate the rest of the heat insulation cylinder chamber (11) into two heat insulation cylinder chamber (11), the heat exchange chamber (9) is connected with the cylinder chamber through at least one-way airflow channel (20) provided with a one-way valve (22), and the air inlet chamber (10) is provided with a pressure air inlet (21) and is connected with a pressure exhaust valve (15) on the air compression chamber (12) through a pressure air inlet pipe. At least more than one heat exchange chamber (9) filled with the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure units are symmetrically arranged, and the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure (2) is provided with at least more than one independent unit;
the middle of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with an air inlet chamber (10);
the control device controls and adjusts the air inlet frequency and pressure and the number of heat accumulator units participating in heat energy circulation;
the air inlet of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with at least one high-temperature flue gas valve (18), and the air outlet is provided with at least one low-temperature flue gas valve (19);
the high-temperature air pipe (36) is connected with an exhaust port of the engine and the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), the high-temperature low-oxygen mixing chamber (26) is communicated with the combustion furnace (27), and the combustion furnace (27) is communicated with the reburning denitrator (28); the outlet of the reburning denitrator is provided with a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) which is connected with the heat exchange chamber of the engine through a reversing valve (32), and a return flue gas pipe (35) which is introduced into the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber; the high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) is connected with the heat exchange chamber (9) of the engine through a high-temperature flue gas valve, and meanwhile, the low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected with the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) through a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33); the pressure exhaust port of the engine is connected with a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) through a pressure air pipe (25), and is connected with a pressure air inlet of the engine after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger;
an air inlet piston (23) connected with the push-pull structure is arranged in the air inlet chamber (10), and an air hole (24) is formed in the side wall of the air inlet piston (23).
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method comprises a first heat exchange structure, a second heat exchange structure and an expansion working structure, wherein a working piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion working structure into a left high-temperature expansion chamber (53) and a right high-temperature expansion chamber (54), the high-temperature expansion chamber of the first heat exchange structure (51) is communicated with the left high-temperature expansion chamber (53) of the expansion working structure, and the high-temperature expansion chamber of the second heat exchange structure (52) is communicated with the right high-temperature expansion chamber (54) of the expansion working structure.
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method comprises a heat exchange chamber (37), a cooling chamber (38), a heat exchange piston and a driving mechanism (39), a heat insulation soft membrane (40), a cooling air chamber (41), a high-temperature expansion chamber (42), a heat insulation cylinder body (8), a working piston and a piston rod (46), a power output mechanism (47), a clean combustion furnace system (48), a heat conduction plate (55), a heater (56), a high-temperature working medium air pipe (57), a driving pump (58), an air return pipe (59) and heat exchange working medium air, wherein the heat exchange chamber (37) is provided with at least more than two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures (2), is connected with the cooling air chamber (41) through an air inlet valve (43) and is connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber through an exhaust valve (44); the cooling chamber (41) is provided with at least more than two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures (2), and is connected with the cooling air chamber (41) through an exhaust valve (44) and connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber (42) through an air return valve (45). The working piston and the piston rod (46) are connected with the power output mechanism (47), the cylinder chamber is communicated with the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure, the combustion furnace (48) is connected with the heat exchange chamber through a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) and connected with the cooling chamber through a high-temperature air pipe (36), and the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) is respectively connected with the heat exchange chamber (37) and the cooling chamber (38) through a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33) and a hot air pipe (49);
the clean combustion furnace system (48) conducts heat conduction and heat transfer through a heat conduction plate (55), a high-temperature working medium gas pipe is connected with a heater (56) and a high-temperature flue gas valve (18) on a heat exchange chamber (37), and a gas return pipe (59) is connected with a driving pump (58), the heater (56) and a low-temperature flue gas valve (19) on the heat exchange chamber (37) to form a closed circulation pipeline.
The heat conduction plate is composed of a heat conduction plate (55) and fixed radiating fins (60), the heat conduction plate (55) and the fixed radiating fins (60) are of a composite structure, and at least more than one fixed radiating fins (60) are connected with the heat conduction plate (55).
The heat dissipation device is characterized in that a heat conduction plate (55), a movable cooling fin (61), a hook plate (65), a push-pull structure (64), a low-temperature air chamber (63) and a piston plate (62) are arranged in a space enclosed by the shell, the length of the hook plate (65) is determined according to the movement position of the movable cooling fin (61), the hook plate (65) is connected with the movable cooling fin (61), the push-pull structure (64) is connected with the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65) at the same time, and holes are formed in the piston plate (62).
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method comprises a heat conduction plate (55), movable cooling fins (61), a piston plate (62), a low-temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull structure (64), movable cooling fin hooks (65), a heat insulation cylinder body (8), an air inlet (66), a high-temperature exhaust valve (67), an expansion working chamber (68), a closed air chamber (69), an air return piston (70), a power output mechanism (71) and the like, wherein the heat conduction plate (55) and the heat insulation cylinder body (8) are enclosed into two relatively independent parts, and the piston plate (62) divides the space in the heat exchange structure into two parts: the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable radiating fins (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber (63) is provided with an air inlet, and the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected with the piston plate (62) and the hook plate of the movable radiating fin; the expansion working structure chamber enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber, and the side wall of the expansion working chamber is provided with a high-temperature exhaust valve; the return piston (70) is coupled to a power take-off (71).
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method consists of a heat conducting plate (55), movable cooling fins (61), a piston plate (62), a low-temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull structure (64), movable cooling fin hooks (65), a heat insulation cylinder body (8), a cooler (73), a one-way air return valve (72), an expansion working chamber (68), a closed air chamber (69), an air return piston (70), a power output mechanism (71) and working medium gas; the heat conducting plate (55) and the heat insulation cylinder body (8) enclose two relatively independent spaces; the piston plate (62) divides the space in the heat exchange structure into a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable radiating fins (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected with a piston plate (62) and a hook plate (65) of the movable radiating fin, an expansion structure chamber enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, and the upper limit of the piston plate (62) at the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber; the bottom plate of the low-temperature air chamber is provided with a heat conducting plate (55), and the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber is connected with the expansion working chamber through an air return valve; the return piston (70) is coupled to a power take-off (71).
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method is composed of a left heat exchange structure (102), a right heat exchange structure (103) and an expansion work-doing structure, and is characterized in that: the working piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion working structure into a left expansion working chamber (100) and a right expansion working chamber (101), a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the left heat exchange structure are communicated with the left expansion working chamber (100) of the expansion working structure through pipelines, a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the right heat exchange structure (102) are communicated with the right expansion working chamber (101) of the expansion working structure through pipelines, and movable cooling fins (61) of the left heat exchange structure are connected with movable cooling fins (61) corresponding to the right heat exchange structure into a whole through cooling fin hooks (65).
The movable heat sink 61 is a composite structure, and the material structure combination mode, the curved surface shape and the like of the movable heat sink are determined by combining with the calculation of temperature difference deformation.
The heat engine for realizing the thermodynamic cycle method comprises a first air inlet channel (73), a second air inlet channel (74), a third air inlet channel (75), a first air inlet channel valve (76), a second air inlet channel (77) valve, a third air inlet channel valve (78), a first air inlet chamber (79), a first combustion chamber (80), a first heat exchange chamber (81), a smoke mixing chamber (82), a second heat exchange chamber (83), a second combustion chamber (84), a second air inlet chamber (85), a first nozzle and valve (86) and a second nozzle and valve (87);
a first air inlet valve (76) is arranged between the first air inlet channel (73) and the first air inlet chamber (79), the first air inlet chamber (79) is communicated with the first combustion chamber (80), a valve is arranged between the first combustion chamber (80) and the first heat exchange chamber (81), a valve is arranged between the first heat exchange chamber (81) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and a first nozzle and a valve (86) are arranged between the first air inlet chamber (79) and the outside;
a third air inlet channel valve (78) is arranged between the second air inlet channel (74) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82);
a second air inlet channel (77) valve is arranged between the third air inlet channel (75) and the second air inlet chamber (85), the second air inlet chamber (85) is communicated with the second combustion chamber (84), a valve is arranged between the second combustion chamber (84) and the second heat exchange chamber (83), a valve is arranged between the second heat exchange chamber (83) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and a second nozzle and a valve (87) are arranged between the second air inlet chamber (85) and the outside;
ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures and auxiliary heat exchange structures such as heat exchange pistons are arranged in the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber.
The first combustion chamber (80) and the second combustion chamber (84) are both silencing combustion chambers (89), a front nozzle valve (90) and a rear nozzle valve (91) are arranged on two sides of each silencing combustion chamber (89), the front nozzle valve (90) is communicated with the lower nozzle chamber (93), the rear nozzle valve (91) is communicated with the upper nozzle chamber (92), the lower nozzle chamber (93) is provided with a heat conduction structure (88), and the lower nozzle chamber (93) and the upper nozzle chamber (92) are internally provided with heat conduction silencing structures (94).
And micropore jetting structures (95) are arranged in the lower jetting chamber (93) and the upper jetting chamber (92).
The micropore jetting structure (95) comprises a micropore jetting structure outer wall (99), and a horizontal jetting plate (96), a vertical jetting plate (97) and a sound absorption and silencing structure (98) are arranged in the micropore jetting structure outer wall (99).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the engine system or the device designed by the application, the number of the heat accumulators is not limited, so that the single-machine power can be designed to be large enough to replace the conventional steam turbine; the large-scale thermal power station can also adopt a high-temperature water vapor gasification process and is compatible with various fuels such as coal, biomass and the like, so that clean fuel gas is obtained, the clean fuel gas enters the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature gas to exchange heat with the heat accumulator, the air in the air inlet chamber is converted into high-temperature air, the temperature of the discharged air after acting is still high, namely the air is preheated, and then the discharged air is connected into the combustion chamber to enter the next cycle; the forecasting efficiency is greatly improved, the generated energy is greatly increased, and the corresponding thermal pollution is greatly reduced.
Compared with the Stirling engine, the working medium internal circulation engine is equivalent to the improvement on the defects of a heat regenerator, so that the heat regeneration problem is thoroughly solved, the complex working medium sealing and dry friction design, the corresponding high-speed airflow loss, air leakage loss and the like are avoided, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the advantages of compatibility of various fuels and low noise of the Stirling engine are kept.
Compared with the internal combustion engines such as the existing automobile engine, the engine is compatible with various fuels, so the bottleneck of depending on fossil fuels is broken through, the efficiency of the engine is greatly improved, the tail gas is thoroughly treated, the structure is simple and light, the explosive power and the output power are strong, and the price is low. (also including for hybrid vehicles range-extending generators, on-board generators, parking air conditioners, etc.).
The structure of the engine is very simple, the working medium internal circulation type can greatly increase the output power capability by increasing the pressure of the filled medium, and the engine is designed to be very light, silent and efficient, so that the engine can be miniaturized, and can be used for miniature engines of small micro machines, such as micro engines breaking through the power bottleneck of wearable equipment, developing temperature-changing adjusting clothes, epidemic prevention hoods (helmets), exoskeleton reinforced machines (armatures) and the like, so that soldiers and workers break through the existing limit in load bearing, and can be used for computers, mobile phones, dynamic balance vehicles and even electric single vehicles; the system also comprises a power battery which is used for providing power for the existing small-sized aircraft (unmanned aerial vehicle) and small-sized electric equipment.
Distributed energy equipment is designed to adopt a working medium internal circulation engine to perform closed sound insulation design and mute operation, power output can directly drive a refrigeration compressor to be similar to a mobile air conditioner, a motor is additionally arranged to drive the compressor, the working conditions of the motor and a generator can be mutually converted, and the working conditions of the motor and the generator can be used as a distributed energy generator for supplying heat, electricity and cold in a combined manner; the solar energy collector can be integrated with biomass fuel, coal and the like for complementary power generation, and a turbine system is shared in distributed energy; and because this kind of solar power generation equipment can be miniaturized, simple and cheap, the light-heat efficiency of the condenser is according to 80%, the new heat engine generating efficiency is according to 80%, its generating efficiency reaches more than 60%, it is a time of the light-heat generating efficiency, it is three, four times of photovoltaic power generation (10% -20%), therefore it is sufficient to form the impact to solar energy utilization technology such as photovoltaic power generation, etc.
The clean gas generating device is suggested to be combined and used, a high-temperature water vapor gasification process is adopted, fossil energy such as coal and the like can be utilized, various common biomass energy sources in mountainous areas, rural areas and the like can be compatible, even various low-heat-value organic matters which are difficult to utilize due to large water content can be mixed with dry fuel and converted into energy sources, the substances are main sources of environmental pollution and disease propagation, waste can be changed into valuable into clean gas, a compressed air energy storage technology is further adopted, and the high-pressure gas storage cylinder is used for storing the gas for various energy utilization fields (such as mechanical power of novel automobiles, agricultural machinery and the like); meanwhile, the problem of environmental pollution such as garbage reduction is solved.
The improved jet engine is used for high-speed high-power equipment such as an aircraft engine and the like, almost no moving part exists in the improved jet engine, the combustion airflow is low-speed and stable, the problem of fan flow area of turbofan and vortex-enhanced engines in high-speed airflow and the problem of stable combustion in the high-speed airflow do not exist, and the technical bottleneck of the high-speed turbine blade material in China at present does not exist any more; the problem of partial tail gas heat recovery is also solved, so that the energy efficiency and the propelling force are improved, and the noise pollution is greatly reduced.
Therefore, the device is expected to comprehensively replace the existing heat engines such as the existing internal combustion engine, the steam turbine, the gas turbine, the Stirling engine, most of jet engines and the like in various fields.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange structure of a closed heat insulation space;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a regenerative heat engine body;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an intake chamber configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a clean burning furnace system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an internal cycle heat engine;
FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section of an internal cycle heat engine configuration;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a compact internal cycle heat engine assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a heating structure combination;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stationary heater
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active heater;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a movable heat sink configuration;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an external circulation heat-conducting heat engine;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an internal circulation heat-transfer heat engine;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a compact, thermally conductive heat engine assembly;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the coupling of the left and right heat exchanger fins;
fig. 16 is a schematic view of a regenerative jet engine configuration;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a combustion chamber and nozzle configuration;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a micro-porous injection structure setup;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a microporous jet structure;
in the drawings: 1. a heat-insulating pressure-resistant casing; 2. a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure; 3. high temperature air; 4. normal temperature air; 5. an exhaust line; 6. an exhaust port; 7. a thermal insulation material; 8. a thermally insulated cylinder block; 9. a heat exchange chamber; 10. an air intake chamber; 11. a cylinder chamber; 12. an air pressurization chamber; 13. a piston; 14. a piston rod; 15. a one-way air inlet; 16. a pressure exhaust valve; 17. an exhaust port; 18. a high temperature flue gas valve; 19. a low temperature flue gas valve; 20. a one-way airflow channel; 21. a pressure air inlet; 22. a one-way valve; 23. an intake chamber piston; 24 air holes; 25. a pressure air pipe; 26. a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber; 27. a combustion furnace; 28. a reburning denitrifier; 29. a fuel tube; 30. a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe; 31. a high temperature flue gas pipe; 32. a diverter valve; 33. a low temperature flue gas pipe; 34. a low temperature flue gas heat exchanger; 35. a return flue gas duct; 36. a high temperature air pipe; 37. a heat exchange chamber; 38. a cooling chamber; 39. a heat exchange piston and a driving mechanism; 40. a heat-insulating soft film; 41. a cooling air chamber; 42. a high temperature expansion chamber; 43. an intake valve; 44. an exhaust valve; 45. an air return valve; 46. a working piston and a piston rod; 47. a power output mechanism; 48. cleaning the combustion furnace system; 49. preheating an air pipe; 50. a heat exchange valve; 51. a heat exchange structure A; 52. a heat exchange structure B; 53. a left high temperature expansion chamber; 54. a right high temperature expansion chamber; 55. a heat conducting plate; 56. a heater; 57. a high-temperature working medium gas pipe (high-temperature gas pipe); 58. driving the pump; 59. an air return pipe; 60. fixing the radiating fins; 61. a movable heat sink; 62. a piston plate; 63. a low temperature gas chamber; 64. a push-pull structure; 65. the cooling fin hook can be moved; 66. an air inlet; 67. a high temperature exhaust valve; 68. an expansion working chamber; 69. sealing the air chamber; 70. an air return piston; 71. a power output mechanism; 72. a one-way air return valve; 73. a first air inlet channel; 74. a second air inlet channel; 75. a third air intake duct; 76. a first inlet valve; 77. a second inlet valve; 78. a third intake duct valve; 79. a first intake chamber; 80. a first combustion chamber; 81. a first heat exchange chamber; 82. a flue gas mixing chamber; 83. a second heat exchange chamber; 84. a second combustion chamber; 85. a second inlet chamber; 86. a first nozzle and a valve; 87. a second nozzle and a valve; 88. a heat conducting structure; 89. a combustion chamber; 90. a front spout valve; 91. a rear spout valve; 92. an upper air injection chamber; 93. a lower air injection chamber; 94. a heat conduction and noise reduction structure; 95. a microporous jet structure; 96. a horizontal jet plate; 97. a vertical injection plate; 98. a sound absorbing and silencing structure; 99. the outer wall of the micropore injection structure; 100. a left expansion work application chamber; 101. a right expansion working chamber; 102. a left heat exchange structure; 103. a right heat exchange structure; 104. a left heat exchanger fin; 105. and a right heat exchanger fin.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
1. Working principle of heat engine and thermodynamic circulation method
As known, a steam engine heats water vapor by utilizing heat energy to obtain high temperature, and the water vapor in a limited space is heated and expanded to obtain huge pressure intensity to do work; the internal combustion engine utilizes low-temperature combustion-supporting gas to be mixed and combusted with liquid and gas fuels, the mixed gas is rapidly heated and expanded after being combusted, great pressure is obtained in a limited space to do work, and the thermal energy of tail gas is difficult to recover, and most of the thermal energy is discharged along with heat dissipation and the tail gas heat, so that the efficiency is low due to the thermal cycle.
In the high-temperature air combustion technology, a special heat accumulator such as a ceramic honeycomb material heat accumulator can exchange heat quickly and efficiently, and the heat exchange efficiency, particularly the temperature efficiency, is up to 90 percent or even higher; because the heat exchange speed of the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator is high, normal-temperature air blown over the heat accumulator can be heated to thousands of degrees of high temperature in a short moment, the heat exchange heating speed is equivalent to the combustion heating speed, and the effect is not inferior to the combustion heating; if the low-temperature air exchanges heat with the heat accumulator in a limited space such as a closed pressure-resistant container, the temperature of the air after heat exchange is rapidly increased and the pressure is changed to be several times of the original pressure, so that huge pressure is obtained, which is the same as the pressure effect of obtaining gas by a steam engine and an internal combustion engine through combustion heat release temperature increase and expansion.
We will briefly explain its principle with a device as illustrated in fig. 1: a movable honeycomb ceramic heat accumulator structure 2 filled with heat exchange efficiency and temperature efficiency of more than 90 percent is arranged in the closed pressure-resistant heat-insulating container, and gas can pass through the heat accumulator to exchange heat when the heat accumulator structure moves.
If the temperature after the isochoric heat exchange is 1227 ℃ (1500K), the gas pressure is changed to 1500/300=0.5MPa, which is equivalent to the working pressure of a common small internal combustion engine from 0.5 to 0.8 MPa; obviously, the higher the temperature ratio before and after heat exchange is, the higher the pressure is, but the working pressure can also be greatly improved by improving the initial pressure of the gas before heat exchange: if the normal temperature air pressure before heat exchange is 0.2MPa, the gas pressure after heat exchange is 1MPa, if the normal temperature air pressure before heat exchange is 0.4MPa, the pressure after heat exchange is 2MPa, and so on.
Generally speaking, the heat accumulator exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion furnace to heat and accumulate heat, the temperature of the air discharged after expansion work is still very high or higher, the air can be connected into the combustion furnace to enter the next cycle, which is equivalent to preheated combustion air, so that the waste heat of all tail gas is recovered, and only low-temperature flue gas generated during heat exchange takes away a small amount of heat energy, thereby greatly improving the effective efficiency. If the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger and the like are adopted to recover heat for the discharged low-temperature flue gas, the efficiency is further improved.
We make a simple calculation about its efficiency: according to thermodynamic correlation formulaThe gas temperature after adiabatic work can be calculated by the following formula: T2/T1= (P2/P1)K-1/KSince most of the working gases are air, hydrogen, etc., the adiabatic index K is considered to be 1.4 temporarily. According to the first law of thermodynamics Q = (E)2-E 1) + a = Δ E + a; setting the total gas heat Q1 of the combustion chamber in the heat storage stage as the heat increased air heat Q2+ tail gas waste heat Q3, and setting the expansion work stage as adiabatic work, so that the expansion work A = high-temperature air heat release Q4; and after the high-temperature air is subjected to secondary heat exchange, or directly discharged into the air waste heat Q5 of the combustion furnace. Then the efficiency is as follows:
η＝Q4/(Q4+Q3+Q5)﹡100％；
if high temperature air is directly connected into the combustion chamber as combustion-supporting gas, Q5 is not discharged out of the system and enters the next circulation, so the efficiency is as follows: η = Q4/(Q4 + Q3) ﹡ 100% = [ 1-Q3/(Q4 + Q3) ] ﹡ 100%.
The heat exchange efficiency and the temperature efficiency of the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator are both 90%, for example, the temperature of high-temperature air after heat exchange of 1500 ℃ combustion furnace gas can reach 1300-1400 ℃, the temperature of discharged flue gas is about 150 ℃, the specific heat capacity of air is 1.005 kJ/(kg K), the specific heat capacity of flue gas is 1.264kJ/KG.K, the volume of flue gas is generally equivalent to the volume of heat exchange air, the volume of air discharged by average work per time can be regarded as flue gas with the same volume correspondingly discharged by the heat accumulator, and the ratio Q3/Q2 can be regarded as about 9:1.
Assuming that the air temperature before doing work is heated to 1500K, the pressure intensity after heat exchange is increased to 0.5MPa from 0.1MPa, and the air pressure intensity after doing work is normal pressure, namely 0.1MPa, the temperature after doing work is as follows: T2/T1= (P2/P1)K-1 /K，T2/1500＝(0.1/0.5) 1.4-1/1.4T2=947K, 674 degrees, 553 degrees of temperature drop, calculated efficiency η =1.005 × 553/(1.005 × 553+1.264 × 150) = 100% =74.56%; if the initial pressure of the normal-temperature air is 0.2MPa (2 atmospheric pressures), the explosion pressure is 1MPa (10 atmospheric pressures), the temperature is reduced by 723 ℃, and the calculated thermal efficiency eta is 80.46%.
In view of eta = [ 1-Q3/(Q4 + Q3) ] ﹡ 100%, the lower the temperature of the discharged flue gas is, the smaller Q3 is, the higher the effective efficiency is, when the low-temperature flue gas is organized to exchange heat with the air entering the heat exchange chamber, the temperature of the flue gas is greatly reduced to improve the efficiency, and the predicted efficiency limit is possibly more than 90%, which is two to three times of the efficiency of the existing various heat engines.
The method is a new thermodynamic cycle method, and low-temperature working medium gas is subjected to rapid heat exchange and expansion in a closed space to obtain pressure acting through the rapid and efficient heat exchange function of a high-temperature ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator on the gas, or heat energy is rapidly introduced into a closed cavity by using a high-efficiency heat conduction device to perform rapid heat exchange with the low-temperature working medium gas, so that the temperature rise and expansion are performed to obtain the pressure acting; if the flue gas generated when the fuel is burnt in the combustion furnace is cleaner, the heat accumulator can be directly utilized to exchange heat with low-temperature air in a closed space to heat and expand to do work, the air in the atmosphere is taken as working medium gas, and the thermodynamic cycle process is as follows: 1. a heat accumulation body is heated by high-temperature clean flue gas generated by a clean combustion furnace and other heat sources, and the heat accumulation and temperature rise stage is carried out; 2. meanwhile, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to become low-temperature flue gas, the low-temperature flue gas is introduced into a heat exchange structure such as a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger to exchange heat with air to generate preheated air, and the waste heat of the low-temperature tail gas is further utilized to reduce the discharged heat; 3. the heat accumulator structure is switched to a closed cavity to exchange heat with preheated air from the heat exchanger, the heat is released for multiple times in the heat release and cooling stage (so as to reduce the volume of equipment), and the preheated air is rapidly heated and expanded to become high-temperature and high-pressure air to obtain pressure to do work; 4. the high-temperature air after expansion work is sent to a combustion furnace and other heat sources to be used as combustion-supporting gas, and all heat energy is recovered; 5. the heat accumulator heats up again to recover the initial state, and the next cycle is started.
An embodiment discloses an external circulation heat accumulating type heat engine with a gas compression function
The heat accumulating heat engine with externally circulated working medium gas consists of engine body, clean combustion furnace system and corresponding connecting pipe network.
As illustrated in fig. 2, the engine body is composed of an insulated cylinder block 8, a heat exchange chamber 9, a heat exchange chamber piston 23, an intake chamber 10, a cylinder chamber 11, an air compression chamber 12, a piston 13, a piston rod 14, a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure 2, a one-way intake port 15, a pressure exhaust valve 16, an exhaust port 17, a high-temperature flue gas valve 18, a low-temperature flue gas valve 19, a one-way airflow channel 20, a pressure intake port 21, a one-way valve 22 and a control device; the air inlet chamber is connected with at least one heat exchange chamber through at least one-way airflow channel 20 provided with a one-way valve 22, the piston 13 and the piston rod 14 divide the remaining part of the enclosed space of the heat insulation cylinder block 8 into a cylinder chamber 11 and an air compression chamber 12, the heat exchange chamber is connected with the cylinder chamber through at least one-way airflow channel 20 provided with a one-way valve 22, and the heat exchange chamber 9 is provided with a pressure air inlet 20 and is connected with a pressure exhaust valve 15 on the air compression chamber 12 through a pressure air inlet pipe. At least more than one heat exchange chamber filled with ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structural units are symmetrically arranged, high-temperature working medium gas (flue gas) can be introduced through a high-temperature flue gas valve 18, and low-temperature working medium gas (flue gas) discharged through a low-temperature flue gas valve 19 can alternately exchange heat with an external heat source; and the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure 2 may be provided with at least one independent unit.
In order to ensure that all low-temperature gases exchange heat in time and eliminate the mixed interference between cold and hot gases during heat exchange, an air inlet piston 23 which is connected with a push-pull structure and can move left and right is arranged in the air inlet chamber 10 to assist air exchange, and as shown in fig. 3, an air hole 24 is arranged on the side wall of the air inlet piston 23 and can be communicated with a cylinder chamber to ensure pressure balance; the air inlet chamber can open and close related control valves and the like according to process requirements to alternately form a closed space with the heat exchange chamber, the cylinder chamber and the like, for example, an air inlet piston moves leftwards during air inlet to extrude high-temperature gas; when doing work, the air inlet piston moves rightwards to drive all cold air to enter the heat exchange chamber, so that all air can be replaced.
The air inlet chamber periodically presses in a certain amount of air (working medium gas) at normal temperature or after preheating. The designed air flow direction in the air path of the device is basically one-way circulation, in order to prevent the occurrence of phenomena such as air leakage, backflow and the like, control elements such as valves of corresponding types are arranged at related positions, normal temperature or preheated air enters a heat exchange chamber from a one-way air flow channel provided with a one-way valve, and enters a cylinder chamber through the one-way air flow channel provided with the one-way valve after heat exchange to push a piston 13 to do work. The piston rod 14 is directly coupled to the power take-off mechanism.
The working process is similar to that of the existing piston cylinder, is even simpler, and can be roughly divided into the following steps:
1. air intake: (the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure exchanges heat with external heat sources such as high-temperature flue gas of a combustion furnace and the like alternately to finish heat accumulation and temperature rise stages respectively).
The piston 13 moves to the right side for limiting, and the air inlet, the air outlet and the one-way valve of the heat exchange chamber are closed; the pressure air inlet is opened, and quantitative normal-temperature air is pressed into the air inlet chamber.
2. Acting: the pressure air inlet is closed, and all one-way valves of the heat exchange chamber are opened; the normal temperature air enters the heat exchange chamber under the action of pressure, becomes high temperature air after heat exchange, enters the cylinder chamber from the one-way airflow channel, and expands rapidly to push the piston to do work, and the piston moves leftwards to be limited at the left side.
The piston rod 13 may be connected to a crank-link mechanism, or other power take-off design.
3. Exhausting: the piston moves leftwards to extrude high-temperature air in the cylinder chamber; opening an exhaust port valve; all one-way valves of the heat exchange chamber are closed, high-temperature air is discharged from an exhaust port and is connected into a combustion furnace or a heat recovery mechanism to recover waste heat; the piston moves to the right until the right limit, and the next cycle is started.
The left side of the piston can be provided with a low-temperature air chamber, and the working process is just corresponding to the cylinder chamber, namely the low-temperature air chamber also feeds cold air (the one-way exhaust port is closed) when the air inlet chamber feeds air; when the cylinder chamber expands, the piston 13 pushes the low-temperature air chamber to exhaust (the one-way air inlet is closed), the low-temperature air chamber is arranged for acquiring pressure air and also serves as an air spring to provide reciprocating power, the low-temperature air chamber is not necessary, and the low-temperature air chamber can be directly eliminated in many occasions and is not greatly different from the existing piston cylinder technology.
Explosive force of the engine: the specific heat capacity of the ceramic heat accumulator is large, the volume of high-temperature gas absorbed once and the volume of heat release gas are large, the time for heat accumulation and temperature rise and temperature reduction is long, but if all the accumulated gas is heated and then enters the working process, the equipment volume is huge; therefore, in the design of the heat release process, heat release is carried out for multiple times, so that the volume of the equipment is greatly reduced. The calculation shows that the power output is closely related to the number of heat accumulators, the initial pressure of air intake and the heat exchange frequency, and can be adjusted and changed rapidly, i.e. the explosive power of the engine is very strong and far superior to that of the existing internal combustion engine, etc., so that the control device is arranged to control and adjust the air intake frequency and pressure and the number of heat accumulator units participating in heat circulation, thereby conveniently and rapidly controlling the power output, i.e. controlling the explosive power of the engine.
Clean combustion furnace system and heat energy circulating pipeline access
The clean combustion furnace system is designed according to a new denitration process or method (detailed technical contents are shown in PCT/CN 2017/076670), part of high-temperature tail gas and preheated air are mixed into high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas, the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas is sprayed into a tissue for multiple times to perform high-temperature low-oxygen stable combustion, and an intermediate product in the combustion process captures oxygen atoms of nitric oxide to reduce the nitric oxide under a high-temperature low-oxygen reduction atmosphere. After the reburning fuel is exhausted, the excessive reburning fuel and the high-temperature hypoxia combustion-supporting gas are sprayed again, so that the high-temperature hypoxia full combustion can be repeatedly organized for many times under the reducing atmosphere, the combustion time is prolonged, the combustion volume is increased, and the combustion is stable, so that the thorough denitration is realized; finally, the mixture enters a burnout zone to be sprayed with excessive high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas to be completely burnt out.
As illustrated in fig. 4: the clean combustion furnace system comprises a pressure air pipe 25, a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26, a combustion furnace 27, a reburning denitrator 28, a fuel pipe 29, a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe 30, a high-temperature flue gas pipe 31, a reversing valve 32, a low-temperature flue gas pipe 33, a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34, a return flue gas pipe 35, a high-temperature air pipe 36 and the like, wherein for the fuel containing impurities in the flue gas, a clean fuel gas generator (namely a high-temperature water vapor gasification and purification system device, the detailed technical content is PCT/CN 2017/076670) is additionally arranged, and various fuels are firstly converted into clean fuel gases and then are sent into the fuel pipe.
The high-temperature air pipe 36 is connected with an exhaust port of the engine and the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26, the high-temperature low-oxygen mixing chamber 26 is communicated with the combustion furnace 27, and the combustion furnace 27 is communicated with the reburning denitrator 28; the reburning denitrator 28 is provided with a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe 30 and a return flue gas pipe 35 which are connected with the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber 26, the outlet of the reburning denitrator is provided with a high-temperature flue gas pipe 31 which is connected with the heat exchange chamber of the engine through a reversing valve 32, and the return flue gas pipe 35 is introduced into the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber. The high-temperature flue gas pipe 31 is connected with the heat exchange chamber 9 of the engine through a high-temperature flue gas valve, and meanwhile, a low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected with a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 through a low-temperature flue gas pipe 33; the pressure exhaust port of the engine is connected with the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 through a pressure air pipe 25, and is connected with the pressure air inlet of the engine after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger.
The working process is as follows: 1. opening a high-temperature flue gas valve of an engine heat exchange chamber, heating a heat accumulator by high-temperature flue gas of a combustion furnace, in a heat accumulation and temperature rise stage, simultaneously opening a low-temperature flue gas valve, introducing the low-temperature flue gas into a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger which is designed in a targeted manner, and discharging low-temperature tail gas after heat exchange; 2. closing the high-temperature flue gas valve and the low-temperature flue gas valve, and entering a heat release working stage; normal temperature air in the air pressure chamber enters the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger through a pressure air pipe, exchanges heat with low-temperature flue gas to become preheated air, and enters the pressure air inlet of the engine through the preheated air pipe; 3. the small piston in the air inlet chamber moves leftwards to expel residual hot air in the air inlet chamber, the air inlet chamber stops when the left limit is reached, the air inlet process is finished, the air inlet is closed, and the working stage is started; 4. a small piston in the air inlet chamber moves rightwards to drive preheated air to enter the heat exchange chamber, meanwhile, a one-way airflow channel valve on the heat exchange chamber is opened, the preheated air is rapidly heated and expanded after heat exchange, enters the cylinder chamber, and pushes the piston to move leftwards and output power; meanwhile, the air pressurizing chamber is extruded, and the generated pressure air is sent to the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger through a pressure air pipe; the piston moves to the left limit and stops. 5. The pressure air chamber still keeps a certain pressure and pushes the piston to move rightwards, and at the moment, the air pressurizing chamber enters cold air through the air inlet; other valves in the cylinder chamber are closed, the exhaust valve is opened, the high-temperature air after expansion work is sent into the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting air mixing chamber through the high-temperature air exhaust pipe of the engine, and the piston moves to the right limit and stops, so that a cycle is completed; 6. high-temperature air exhausted by the engine is mixed with a small part of high-temperature flue gas sent by a return flue gas pipe to form high-temperature hypoxic gas, and the high-temperature hypoxic gas and fuel conveyed by a fuel pipe are sent to a combustion furnace to organize high-temperature hypoxic combustion; 7. the high-temperature flue gas enters a reburning denitrator, fuel and high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas are sequentially introduced, and reburning denitration is repeated; 8. the high-temperature flue gas is adjusted by a reversing valve through a high-temperature flue gas pipe, alternately exchanges heat with a heat accumulator in the heat exchange chamber of the engine, and enters the next cycle.
The novel heat engine has no limitation on the source of a high-temperature heat source, so the heat storage and temperature rise can be flue gas from a combustion furnace, or other high-temperature gases or other heat exchange modes, and the type, the heat value and the like of fuel in the combustion chamber are not limited, namely the novel heat engine is compatible with various fuels such as coal, gasoline, biomass particles and the like, and comprises low-heat-value fuels (such as low-heat-value biomass gasification gas, garbage gasification gas, low-heat-value coal gas and the like, namely so-called low-grade fuels) which are difficult to utilize by the existing heat engine.
Embodiment discloses heat accumulating type heat engine with working medium gas internal circulation
The machine type continuously changes fresh air, so that pneumatic noise is large, the difference with the existing internal combustion engine is small, and air flow is unstable; if working medium gas internal circulation is adopted, noise is greatly reduced, even the air flow runs quietly, and the air flow is also steady and quiet; in order to ensure the temperature difference before and after the working of the working medium gas, a structure for cooling the working medium gas is arranged, and a part of heat of the working medium gas is absorbed and stored in a corresponding heat storage structure, so that the temperature of the working medium gas after working is controlled below a preset limit.
The heat engine model of heat accumulation type of inner loop is formed by heat transfer structure, expansion acting structure, clean combustion furnace system and corresponding connection pipe network, and for totally closed structure, heat transfer structure can imitate the design of rolling diaphragm type cylinder piston, comprises heat transfer room 37, cooling chamber 38, heat transfer piston and actuating mechanism 39, thermal-insulated mantle 40, working medium gas etc. heat transfer piston 39 and thermal-insulated mantle 40 separation high-temperature gas and divide into two parts with the cylinder chamber: a cooling air chamber 41 and a high temperature expansion chamber 42, the volumes of which change as the piston moves; the cross section is as shown in figure 5, and each chamber contacting with high temperature air is fully paved with high temperature heat insulation and heat preservation materials. The heat exchange chamber 37 is provided with at least more than two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures 2, is connected with a cooling air chamber through an air inlet valve 43 and is connected with a high-temperature expansion chamber through an air outlet valve 44; the cooling chamber is provided with at least two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures 2, is connected with a cooling air chamber 41 through an exhaust valve 44, and is connected with a high-temperature expansion chamber 42 through an air return valve 45.
The expansion work-doing structure adopts a heat-insulating cylinder block 8, and a work-doing piston, a piston rod 46 and the like are arranged in the expansion work-doing structure and are connected with a power output mechanism 47. The cylinder chamber is communicated with the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure.
In the longitudinal section, as shown in fig. 6, a clean combustion furnace system 48 provides clean high-temperature flue gas, the combustion furnace 48 is connected with the heat exchange chamber through a high-temperature flue gas pipe 31 and is connected with the cooling chamber through a high-temperature air pipe 36, and the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 is connected with the heat exchange chamber 37 and the cooling chamber 38 through a low-temperature flue gas pipe 33 and a hot air pipe 49 respectively.
The working process is as follows: 1. a high-temperature flue gas valve and a low-temperature flue gas valve of a heat exchange chamber in the heat exchange structure are opened, a high-temperature flue gas pipe conveys high-temperature flue gas of a combustion furnace to alternately heat ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures 2 arranged in pairs, and in a heat accumulation and temperature rise stage, simultaneously, produced low-temperature flue gas is sent to a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 34 designed specifically through a low-temperature flue gas pipe, and low-temperature tail gas after heat exchange is discharged; the cold air becomes preheated air after heat exchange, the preheated air is sent into the cooling chamber 38 through a preheated air pipe 49, at the moment, a heat exchange valve 50 of the cooling chamber is opened, and the preheated air alternately cools the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures 2 arranged in pairs; the preheated air and the heat accumulator exchange heat to become air with higher temperature, and the air is sent into a clean combustion furnace system 48 through a high-temperature air pipe 36; 2. closing the corresponding high-temperature flue gas valve, low-temperature flue gas valve and heat exchange valve of the heat exchange chamber and the cooling chamber, and entering a heat release and work application stage; an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve of the heat exchange chamber are opened, a heat exchange piston moves leftwards to drive working medium gas or air in a cooling air chamber to enter the heat exchange chamber through the air inlet valve, the working medium gas rapidly rises in temperature and expands after heat exchange and enters a high-temperature expansion chamber from the air outlet valve to push an acting piston to move rightwards to drive a power output mechanism to act; the acting piston reaches the right limit and the heat exchange piston reaches the left limit to stop; 4. entering a working medium gas cooling stage: an air return valve and an exhaust valve of the cooling chamber are opened, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve of the heat exchange chamber are closed, the heat exchange piston moves rightwards and simultaneously moves leftwards as a power piston, working medium gas of the high-temperature expansion chamber is driven to enter the cooling chamber through the air return valve, the temperature of the working medium gas is reduced after heat exchange with a heat accumulator, and the working medium gas enters a cooling air chamber through the exhaust valve; the acting piston reaches the left limit and the heat exchange piston reaches the right limit to stop; 5. and entering the next cycle.
The expansion engine can also be further designed into a compact type, as shown in fig. 7, the two heat exchange structures are combined into an expansion acting structure, the acting piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion acting structure into a left high-temperature expansion chamber 53 and a right high-temperature expansion chamber 54, the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure A51 is communicated with the left high-temperature expansion chamber 53 of the expansion acting structure, and the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure B52 is communicated with the right high-temperature expansion chamber 54 of the expansion acting structure; when the heat exchange structure A51 is in a heat release working stage, the heat exchange structure B52 is in a working medium gas cooling stage, the working processes or working stages of the heat exchange structure A and the heat exchange structure B are arranged to be different by 180 degrees, namely, the difference is half beat, and the working rhythms of the heat exchange structure A and the working stages can be supported in a complementary mode.
Flue gas avoidance problem by arranging heat energy conversion device
The heat accumulating type heat engine has strong explosive force and rapid power adjustment, but the heating heat accumulator needs clean smoke and is not suitable for the smoke generated by the direct combustion of coal, biomass particles and the like in a combustion furnace; coal, firewood, biomass particles and the like are common fuels, so a further scheme is that a flue gas heat conversion device or a heating device is additionally arranged in a targeted design, the flue gas heat is converted into clean heat exchange working medium gas, and the heat accumulator is heated by the heat exchange working medium gas.
As shown in fig. 8, the heat of the combustion furnace is transferred to the heat-conducting plate, then transferred to the clean air or other heat exchange working medium gas through the heating structure, and then the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure is heated by the heat exchange working medium gas; the flue gas which possibly contains harmful elements is prevented from directly heating the heat accumulator.
The heating structure comprises a heat conducting plate 55, a heater 56, a high-temperature working medium gas pipe (high-temperature gas pipe) 57, a driving pump 58, a gas return pipe 59, heat exchange working medium gas and the like, wherein the high-temperature working medium gas pipe is connected with the heater 56 and the heat exchange chamber high-temperature flue gas valve 18, the gas return pipe 59 is connected with the driving pump 58 and the heater low-temperature flue gas valve 19 to form a circulating pipeline, and the driving pump 58 is arranged in the gas return pipe to drive the heat exchange working medium gas to circularly flow; the heat of the combustion furnace is transferred to the heater through the heat conducting plate 55 to heat clean air or heat exchange working medium gas, then the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures arranged in pairs are heated by high-temperature clean air or heat exchange working medium gas alternately, and the low-temperature clean air (or heat exchange working medium gas) returns to the heating device through the air return pipe after heat exchange to form closed circulation.
The heater can be designed into two types, one type of static type with the radiating fins fixed and static, the section of which is shown in figure 9, the heat conducting plate 55 in the space enclosed by the pressure-proof shell extends deep into the cross section of the heat exchanger shell, a large number of fixed and thin radiating fins 60 are arranged according to the principle that the heat exchange area is the maximum and are connected with the heat conducting plate, the heat conducting plate and the radiating fins are both made of materials with good heat conduction performance and convection heat exchange performance and high temperature resistance, such as copper, silver and other metal materials, copper alloy, silicon carbide materials and the like, and a composite structure can be formed by combining the advantages of the two, such as the silicon carbide thin plate is used as a framework to fill copper alloy, the heat conducting plate can rapidly transfer heat to the radiating fins, the radiating fins have large contact area with the working medium gas, and can rapidly heat the working medium gas.
Another movable design of the heater with movable radiating fins is shown in fig. 10, and comprises a heat conducting plate 55, movable radiating fins 61, a hook plate 65, a push-pull structure 64, a low-temperature air chamber 63, a piston plate 62 and working medium gas, wherein the heat is guided by utilizing a material with extremely strong heat conducting and radiating capabilities, and at least two layers of movable radiating fins 61 with thin walls and small intervals, which are made of a large amount of heat conducting materials, are arranged in the heater; the piston plate 62 divides the space in the heater into two parts, the upper part of the space is a high-temperature air chamber, and the lower part of the space is a low-temperature air chamber; the push-pull structure 64 is simultaneously connected with the piston plate 62 and the hook plate of the movable cooling fin, when the push-pull structure 64 pushes against the hook plate 65, the movable cooling fin 61 is forced to move downwards and expand layer by layer until the end of the length of the hook plate, and meanwhile, the movable cooling fin 61 also pushes against the piston plate 62 until the lower limit; when the push-pull structure 64 pulls and lifts the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upward to push the movable heat dissipation fins to move upward and to be laminated layer by layer until the upper limit of the piston plate 62, so that heat can be conducted, and the heat is transferred to the movable heat dissipation fins 61 layer by layer through the heat conduction plate.
After the heating to the preset temperature, the piston plate 62 with holes connected with the push-pull structure 64 moves downwards to enable the low-temperature heat exchange working medium gas in the low-temperature air chamber 63 to pass through the piston plate 62, and meanwhile, the push-pull structure pushes the radiating fin hook plate 65 to force the movable radiating fins 61 to be sequentially unfolded under the action of mechanical force, so that the thickness and the distance between the radiating fins are small, and the heat exchange area can be greatly increased by simply increasing the number of the radiating fins; the low-temperature heat exchange working medium gas enters the movable radiating fins 61 with large heat exchange area to form a clearance for convective heat exchange, is heated and expanded to form high-temperature working medium gas, and then is sent into the high-temperature gas pipe to circularly heat the heat accumulator in the heat exchange chamber.
The movable heat sink 61 is made of a material with good heat conductivity, good convection heat exchange performance and high temperature resistance, such as a metal material of copper, silver and the like, or a copper alloy, a silicon carbide material and the like, and can also be combined with the advantages of the metal material and the silicon carbide material to form a composite structure, for example, a silicon carbide thin plate is used as a framework to fill the copper alloy, so that the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high strength of silicon carbide are utilized, and the characteristics of strong heat conductivity and poor high temperature strength of copper are utilized; the movable heat radiating fins 61 can be tightly combined when being extruded together, and heat can be conducted without gaps, namely the heat conducting structure is formed; when the heat dissipation structure is dispersed, the surface area is large, the heat dissipation structure is favorable for convective heat exchange with gas, and the function of a heat dissipation and heat exchange structure is executed; the surface shape of the movable heat sink 61 is not necessarily a flat plate surface, but may also be a curved surface or other shapes with huge surface area, but it must satisfy the requirements that the movable heat sink can be tightly combined without gaps after deformation under various temperature differences, the surface area is huge after dispersion, and the material structure combination mode and the curved surface shape need to be determined by combining with temperature difference deformation calculation.
In the further scheme, the heat accumulators arranged in pairs in the cooling chamber can release heat and cool, cold air can be used for alternative cooling, and the obtained heat is stored in the heat accumulation structure or directly used for preheating air and sending the preheated air into the combustion furnace to recover the heat.
In a further scheme, one end of the cooling chamber can be provided with a similar heating structure, heat exchange working medium gas alternately cools heat accumulators arranged in pairs, heat of the heat exchange working medium gas is subjected to heat exchange with external cold air through a heater, and the obtained heated air is sent into a combustion furnace to recover heat; or the heat exchange gas leads heat to the heat energy storage mechanism through the heater. Therefore, the gas in the engine is not exchanged with the outside, the whole closed design can be carried out, including the sound insulation and sound insulation design, the working medium gas can adopt the gas with good heat conduction performance such as hydrogen, helium and the like, the pressure of the working medium gas is increased until the high-pressure working medium gas is adopted to greatly increase the power output capacity.
Therefore, the application also provides a new thermodynamic cycle method, which comprises the following steps: 1. heat of heat sources such as a combustion furnace and the like is transferred to the heat exchange gas through the heat energy conversion structure, so that the heat exchange gas becomes high-temperature heat exchange gas; 2. a high-temperature heat exchange and air exchange heating heat accumulator structure and a heat accumulation and temperature rise stage; 3. entering an acting stage, switching the heat accumulator structure to a closed space, exchanging heat with low-temperature working medium gas, releasing heat for multiple times in the heat release and cooling stage of the heat accumulator, and rapidly heating and expanding the low-temperature working medium gas to form high-temperature working medium gas to obtain pressure acting; 4. the high-temperature working medium gas is sent to a working medium gas cooling device after expanding and acting, a heat accumulator structure of the cooling device recovers and stores heat energy of the high-temperature working medium gas, and the high-temperature working medium gas is changed into low-temperature working medium gas; 5. the heat exchange gas in the heat energy conversion structure exchanges heat with a heat accumulator structure in the cooling device to form high-temperature heat exchange gas; 6. the high-temperature heat exchange gas leads out the heat stored in the cooling device through a heat energy conversion structure or a heater, and the heated air is sent back to heat sources such as a combustion furnace and the like; 7. the next cycle is started.
An embodiment discloses a heat-conducting heat engine
In the scheme of the movable heat exchanger shown in fig. 10, if the heat exchange process is placed in a closed space, the low-temperature working medium gas obtains heat and then rapidly heats up and expands, and huge pressure can be obtained to do work; a new heat-conducting heat energy engine can be designed according to the method, a heat accumulator structure is not needed, namely, materials (silicon carbide, copper sheets, heat-resisting alloy and the like) with extremely strong heat conducting and radiating capabilities and high temperature resistance are used for directly guiding heat of a combustion furnace and the like into a heat exchange chamber of the engine, and in a closed limited space, low-temperature gas between radiating fins is subjected to rapid heat exchange to become high-temperature gas to rapidly expand, so that high-pressure work is obtained.
The heat-conducting heat engine is divided into an internal circulation mode and an external circulation mode according to the working medium gas working mode:
1. external circulation heat conduction type heat engine structure
As illustrated in fig. 12, the external circulation heat conduction type heat engine is composed of a heat conduction plate 55, a movable fin 61, a piston plate 62, a low temperature air chamber 63, a push-pull structure 64, a movable fin hook 65, a (ceramic) heat insulation cylinder block 8, an air inlet 66, a high temperature exhaust valve 67, an expansion working chamber 68, a closed air chamber 69, an air return piston 70, a power output mechanism 71, and the like; the heat-exchange expansion combustion-work-doing structure can be divided into two parts, namely a heat-exchange structure and an expansion work-doing structure (but not including a clean combustion furnace system), a space enclosed by the heat-conducting plate 55 and the heat-insulating cylinder block 8 is regarded as the heat-exchange structure, and at least more than two layers of movable cooling fins 61 which are made of a large number of heat-conducting high-temperature-resistant materials and have thin walls and small intervals are arranged in the heat-exchange structure; piston plate 62 divides the space within the heat exchange structure into two sections: the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, at least more than one layer of movable radiating fins 61 are arranged, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber 63; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber is provided with an air inlet through which cold air enters when the valve is opened; the push-pull structure 64 is simultaneously connected with the piston plate 62 and the hook plate 65 of the movable cooling fin, when the push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, the movable cooling fin 61 connected with the hook plate 65 is forced to move downwards and spread layer by layer until the end of the length of the hook plate, and meanwhile, the movable cooling fin 61 also pushes the piston plate 62 until the lower limit; when the push-pull structure 64 pulls and lifts the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upward to push the movable heat dissipation fins to move upward and to be laminated layer by layer, so that heat can be conducted, and the heat is transferred to the movable heat dissipation fins 61 layer by layer through the heat conduction plate. The expansion structure chamber enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber, and the side wall of the expansion working chamber is provided with a high-temperature exhaust valve; the return piston 70 is coupled to a power take-off 71.
The working process is as follows: 1. the piston plate 62 is at the upper limit, the radiating fin group 61 is extruded, the return air piston is at the left limit, the air inlet is opened, and cold air enters the low-temperature air chamber; 2. after air inlet is finished, the air inlet is closed, the push-pull structure 64 pushes the hook plate 65, the radiating fins 61 are expanded layer by layer under the action of mechanical force and push the piston plate 62 to move downwards, the valve on the piston plate 62 is opened, cold air passes through the piston plate 62 to enter the high-temperature air chamber, and rapidly heats up and expands to become high-temperature air through convective heat exchange with the radiating fins, the high-temperature air enters the expansion acting chamber and pushes the return air piston to move rightwards, and the power output mechanism is driven to act; 3. the piston plate 62 moves to the lower limit position and the return piston moves to the right limit position at the same time, and enters the next stage, the return piston moves leftwards under the pressure of the closed air chamber to drive high-temperature air to be discharged from the high-temperature exhaust valve, and meanwhile, the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62 to move upwards to push the radiating fins 61 to gather together, extrude the high-temperature air in the gaps of the radiating fins and drive the high-temperature air to enter the expansion acting chamber; while the air inlet 66 opens and cools the air; 4. at this point, the return piston moves to the left limit, and the piston plate 62 moves to the upper limit, starting the next cycle.
The discharged high-temperature air can be used as preheating combustion-supporting gas to be directly sent back to a combustion furnace and other heat sources to recover all heat; however, because the design of the heat source of the combustion furnace for recovering the heat of the flue gas is different, conflicts can exist, and therefore, the heat energy of the high-temperature air recovered by other modes is not excluded.
2. Internal circulation heat-conducting type heat engine structure
As shown in fig. 13, the internal circulation heat conduction type heat engine is composed of a heat conduction plate 55, a movable heat sink 61, a piston plate 62, a low temperature air chamber 63, a push-pull structure 64, a movable heat sink hook 65, a (ceramic) heat insulation cylinder block 8, a cooler 73, a one-way air return valve 72, an expansion working chamber 68, a closed air chamber 69, an air return piston 70, a power output mechanism 71, working medium gas and the like; the heat-conducting plate 55 and the heat-insulating cylinder block 8 enclose two relatively independent spaces: the heat-exchange expansion combustion furnace comprises two parts, namely a heat exchange structure and an expansion work-doing structure (but a clean combustion furnace system is not included), a space enclosed by the heat conduction plate 55 and the heat insulation cylinder block 8 is the heat exchange structure, and at least two layers of movable cooling fins 61 which are thin-walled and small in distance and made of a large number of heat conduction high-temperature resistant materials are arranged in the space; the piston plate 62 divides the space in the heat exchange structure into two parts, the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber where the radiating fin group 61 is located, the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber 63, and the low-temperature air chamber 63 is also provided with a heat conducting plate 55, so that the heat of the low-temperature working medium gas can be led out; the push-pull structure 64 is simultaneously connected with the piston plate 62 and the hook plate of the movable cooling fin, when the push-pull structure 64 pushes against the hook plate 65, the movable cooling fin 61 is forced to move downwards and expand layer by layer until the end of the length of the hook plate, and meanwhile, the movable cooling fin 61 also pushes against the piston plate 62 until the lower limit; when the push-pull structure 64 pulls and lifts the piston plate 62, the piston plate 62 moves upward and pushes the movable heat dissipation fins to move upward and laminate the movable heat dissipation fins layer by layer until the upper limit of the piston plate 62 is reached, so that heat can be conducted, and the heat is transferred to the movable heat dissipation fins 61 layer by layer through the heat conduction plate. The expansion structure chamber enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, and the upper limit of a piston plate 62 at the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber is connected with the expansion working chamber through an air return valve; the return piston 70 is coupled to a power take-off 71.
The working process is as follows: 1. the piston plate 62 is at the upper limit position to extrude the radiating fin group 61, at this time, the heat conductor transfers heat to the radiating fins 61, and the return piston is at the left limit position; 2. heating to a preset temperature, pushing the hook plate 65 by the push-pull structure 64, expanding the radiating fins 61 layer by layer under the action of mechanical force, pushing the piston plate 62 to move downwards, opening a valve on the piston plate 62, allowing low-temperature working medium gas to pass through the piston plate 62 to enter a high-temperature air chamber, carrying out heat convection with the radiating fins, rapidly heating and expanding the low-temperature working medium gas to form high-temperature working medium gas, allowing the high-temperature working medium gas to enter an expansion acting chamber and pushing an air return piston to move rightwards, and driving the power output mechanism to act; the temperature of the working medium gas after expansion working is reduced to some extent, but still has higher temperature; 3. the piston plate 62 moves to the lower limit position and the return piston moves to the right limit position at the same time, and enters the next stage, the return piston moves leftwards under the pressure of the closed air chamber to drive
Working medium gas enters the low-temperature gas chamber from the one-way gas return valve, and meanwhile, the push-pull structure 64 pulls the piston plate 62 to move upwards, pushes the radiating fins 61 to gather together, extrudes high-temperature working medium gas in gaps among the radiating fins, and drives the high-temperature working medium gas to enter the expansion acting chamber; 4. at the moment, the air return piston moves to the left side for limiting, the piston plate 62 moves to the upper limit, all the working medium gas returns to the low-temperature gas chamber, and meanwhile, the heat conductor 55 of the low-temperature gas chamber leads out the heat of the working medium gas, so that the temperature of the working medium gas is restored to the initial state, and the next cycle is started. 5. The heat conducted out by the heat conductor 55 of the low-temperature air chamber is used for heating combustion-supporting gas to enter a combustion furnace, and all heat is recycled to form thermodynamic cycle; and the device can also be used for heating heat conduction oil, storing heat in a high-temperature molten salt furnace and other modes.
If the heat engine is used in occasions without combustion exothermic reaction, such as solar power generation, nuclear power generation, waste heat recovery and the like, because the temperature difference of the working medium gas before and after expansion work is small and the single output power is small, the heat engine can adopt the working medium gas with good heat conductivity, such as hydrogen, helium and the like, greatly increase the frequency, increase the pressure of the working medium gas or adopt measures such as high-pressure working medium gas and the like to improve the output power. After multiple cycles, stable temperature gradients may appear on both sides of the high-temperature and low-temperature working medium gas, even extreme situations that the temperature difference basically disappears appear, and the cycles are difficult to continue, so that a small amount of heat is led out from the low-temperature gas chamber, the low-temperature of the working medium gas is controlled not to exceed a certain limit, and the temperature difference and the pressure difference of the working medium gas are ensured.
3. Compact heat-conducting heat engine structure
The internal circulation heat conduction type heat engine can also be designed to be compact, as shown in fig. 14, the two heat exchange structures, namely the left heat exchange structure 102 and the right heat exchange structure 103, are combined to form an expansion working structure, a working piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion working structure into a left expansion working chamber 100 and a right expansion working chamber 101, a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the left heat exchange structure are communicated with the left expansion working chamber 100 of the expansion working structure through pipelines, and a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the right heat exchange structure 102 are communicated with the right expansion working chamber 101 of the expansion working structure through pipelines.
The radiating fin hook 65 of the left heat exchange structure is connected with the radiating fin hook 65 corresponding to the right heat exchange structure into a whole, as shown in fig. 15, linkage is realized during the work of the left and right heat exchange structures, when the piston plate is pushed by the left heat exchange structure push-pull structure, the piston plate pushes the radiating fin of the left heat exchange chamber, heat exchange is transmitted to the radiating fin of the right heat exchange structure, so that the working process or working stage of the left and right heat exchange structures are 180 degrees different, namely, half-beat difference is realized, and the working rhythms of the left and right heat exchange structures can be complementarily supported.
Similarly, in the above various types of heat-conducting heat engines or various structures, the movable heat sink 61 is made of a material with good heat-conducting property and heat-convection property and high-temperature resistance, such as a metal material of copper, silver, or the like, or a copper alloy, a silicon carbide material, or the like, or a composite structure formed by combining the advantages of the two materials, such as a silicon carbide thin plate and a framework filled with a copper alloy, and not only is the characteristic of high-temperature resistance of silicon carbide utilized, but also the characteristic of strong heat-conducting property of copper and poor high-temperature strength of copper is utilized; the movable radiating fins 61 can be tightly combined when being extruded together, and heat can be conducted without gaps, namely the heat conducting structure is formed; when the heat dissipation structure is dispersed, the surface area is large, so that the heat dissipation structure is favorable for convective heat exchange with gas and performs the function of a heat dissipation and exchange structure; the movable heat sinks are not necessarily connected through the hooks 65, for example, the heat sinks can be connected through high-temperature-resistant metal stay wires, and the distance between the heat sinks is limited by the length of the stay wires; the surface shape of the movable heat sink 61 is not necessarily a flat plate, but may be a curved surface or other shapes with huge surface area, but it must satisfy the requirements that the movable heat sink can be tightly combined without gaps after deformation occurs under various temperature differences, the surface area is huge after dispersion, and the material structure combination mode and the curved surface shape need to be calculated and determined by combining with temperature difference deformation.
One embodiment discloses a regenerative jet engine: when the heat storage carrier in the closed chamber exchanges heat with low-temperature working medium gas and is heated to become high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas, if the working medium gas is preferably air and other gases which can participate in combustion reaction, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium gas is further reacted with fuel combustion as combustion-supporting gas to generate higher pressure, is heated and expands to do work; and the tail gas after combustion is discharged at high speed to obtain the back-flushing momentum. In the heat energy recovery stage, a heat conduction heat exchange structure is adopted to recover the heat of the tail gas sprayed out of the closed chamber; therefore, a novel regenerative jet engine can be designed.
The jet engine has wide application, and the heat accumulating type jet engine has different improvements because high-speed airflow and high-pressure gas are easy to obtain by combining a gas compressor, a turbofan and the like; as shown in fig. 16, the regenerative jet engine is composed of a first intake duct 73, a second intake duct 74, a third intake duct 75, a first intake duct valve 76, a second intake duct valve 77, a third intake duct valve 78, a first intake chamber 79, a first combustion chamber 80, a first heat exchange chamber 81, a flue gas mixing chamber 82, a second heat exchange chamber 83, a second combustion chamber 84, a second intake chamber 85, a first nozzle and valve 86, a second nozzle and valve 87, and the like.
According to the air flow sequence, a first air inlet channel, a first air inlet chamber 79, a first combustion chamber 80, a first heat exchange chamber 81, a flue gas mixing chamber 82, a second heat exchange chamber 83, a second combustion chamber 84, a second air inlet chamber 85, a first nozzle and a valve 86 are arranged in sequence, the first air inlet channel is connected with the first air inlet chamber through the first air inlet channel valve, the first air inlet chamber is connected with the first combustion chamber through the valve, the first combustion chamber is connected with the first heat exchange chamber, the second combustion chamber is connected with the second heat exchange chamber through the valve, and the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber are internally provided with structures such as a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure and a heat exchange piston for assisting heat exchange; the first air inlet chamber and the first combustion chamber and the second air inlet chamber and the second combustion chamber have no obvious boundary, and particularly, the first air inlet chamber and the first combustion chamber and the second air inlet chamber and the second combustion chamber can be combined into a whole when an air injection process is carried out and are respectively connected with the first nozzle and the valve and the second nozzle and the valve; the smoke mixing chamber is connected with the third air inlet passage, the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber through valves, and the second air inlet passage is connected with the second air inlet chamber through a first air inlet passage valve.
A first heat exchange chamber and a second heat exchange chamber which are internally provided with ceramic honeycomb heat accumulators are symmetrically arranged; a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber; the first nozzle and the valve, the second nozzle and the valve and the like alternately and respectively execute two procedures or flows.
The first process is as follows: the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure of the first heat exchange chamber stores heat and heats up, the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure of the second heat exchange chamber executes a heat release and cooling process, the first air inlet valve 76 is opened, and the high-speed air flow collides with the wall plate of the first air inlet chamber 79 and decelerates to almost zero, so that the pressure sharply increases; after the high-pressure air and the fuel in the first combustion chamber 80 are mixed and combusted into high-temperature flue gas and the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the first heat exchange chamber 81, the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure 2 in the first heat exchange chamber 81 executes a heat accumulation and temperature rise process, and the low-temperature high-pressure flue gas is discharged into the flue gas mixing chamber.
The high-speed air entering from the third air inlet channel and the low-temperature high-pressure flue gas are mixed into high-pressure low-oxygen air in the flue gas mixing chamber and enter the second heat exchange chamber 83; after exchanging heat with the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure 2, the high-temperature low-oxygen air is doubled in pressure and enters the second combustion chamber 84 to be mixed with fuel for high-temperature low-oxygen deflagration, and the high-temperature low-oxygen deflagration rushes out the second nozzle and the valve outlet to be sprayed out at high speed.
The second process is as follows: the heat accumulator structure of second heat transfer chamber accomplishes exothermic cooling, and the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure of first heat transfer chamber accomplishes the heat accumulation intensification stage this moment, switches to the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure of second heat transfer chamber and carries out the heat accumulation and intensifies and the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure of first heat transfer chamber carries out exothermic process: and a valve of the high-speed second air inlet channel is opened, high-pressure air and fuel in the second combustion chamber are mixed and combusted to form high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the second heat exchange chamber, and low-temperature flue gas is discharged into the flue gas mixing chamber. The high-speed air coming from the third air inlet channel is mixed with the flue gas in the flue gas mixing chamber to form high-pressure low-oxygen air, and the high-pressure low-oxygen air enters the first heat exchange chamber; after exchanging heat with the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure, the high-temperature low-oxygen air is doubled in pressure and mixed with fuel to enter the first combustion chamber for high-temperature low-oxygen deflagration, and the high-temperature low-oxygen deflagration is used for opening the first nozzle and the valve to be sprayed out at a high speed.
And the like, and the circulation is alternated.
The engine has less pollution caused by high-temperature, low-oxygen and stable combustion, and the combustion is performed in nearly static high-pressure and low-speed airflow, so that the structure is simple and compact, and almost no or few moving parts except valves are provided. Most of the discharged tail gas still has high heat, and how to recover the tail gas becomes a great factor influencing energy efficiency; the engine has extremely high noise, and the reduction of the noise level is also an important index.
Therefore, the structure of the combustion chamber and the nozzle part (the first combustion chamber, the first air inlet chamber, the first nozzle and the valve or the second combustion chamber, the second air inlet chamber, the second nozzle and the valve and the like) can be improved as follows, as shown in fig. 17, the combustion chamber and the nozzle structure comprises a heat conduction structure 88, a combustion chamber 89, a front nozzle valve 90, a rear nozzle valve 91, an upper air injection chamber 92, a lower air injection 93, a heat conduction noise reduction structure 94 and the like; the combustion chamber 89 is connected with a lower jet 93 chamber through a front jet valve 90, and is connected with an upper jet chamber 92 through a rear jet valve 91, and heat-conducting silencing structures 94 which are perpendicular to the airflow direction are arranged on the jet flow path and are connected with the heat-conducting structures 88.
The gas exploded in the combustion chamber 89 is respectively ejected out through two opposite direction outlets of a front nozzle valve 90 and a rear nozzle valve 91, and the momentum obtained by the two parts of gas is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction according to the principle of momentum conservation; the device controls the design parameters of the front valve and the rear valve to control the quantity proportion of the gas sprayed out respectively.
The high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas ejected from the rear valve enters the upper air injection chamber for expanding, decompressing, reducing the temperature, is discharged from the nozzle and passes through the heat conduction and noise reduction structure 88 on the air flow path, the heat conduction and noise reduction structure can be used as a noise reduction structure and is also connected with a heat conduction structure to guide the heat of the tail gas into the air inlet chamber or the flue gas mixing chamber for recycling, for example, a small-hole metal plate is used for noise reduction design, the metal plate has the functions of heat absorption and heat transfer, the incident flow area is small, the resistance to the air flow is small, momentum is not lost, and the multi-stage throttling, decompressing and decompressing designs are the same as the prior art and are not repeated.
The high-speed airflow sprayed out from the front nozzle valve enters the lower air spraying chamber, a large number of heat-conducting noise reduction structures are arranged in the lower air spraying chamber, after expansion, expansion and deceleration, momentum is completely transferred to the main body structure, meanwhile, the temperature is greatly reduced, but the air pressure is still far higher than that of the external environment. After the pressure and the temperature are reduced to a preset value (for example, the temperature is about 600 ℃ under ten atmospheric pressures, and the final exhaust temperature is close to the normal temperature), the mixture is guided to a nozzle to be sprayed out at a high speed for removal; according to the momentum conservation law, the tail gas is ejected backwards at high speed and has corresponding recoil momentum, so that the main aircraft obtains second propelling momentum.
At the moment, the ejected air flow still has higher noise, so that the heat conduction and noise reduction structure which has small flow area and has the functions of heat conduction and heat recovery is arranged to eliminate noise and further recover heat energy, and the design of sound insulation and sound insulation of the shell of each chamber is included.
The further proposal is that a micro-hole injection structure which can be opened and closed is arranged behind the jet valve, the arrangement position is as shown in figure 18, and the micro-hole injection structure is arranged in the upper jet chamber and the lower jet chamber and is vertical to the direction of the airflow after the jet valve and before the heat-conducting silencing structure.
The composition of the micropore injection structure is shown in figure 19, and a horizontal injection plate 96, a vertical injection plate 97 and a sound absorption and silencing structure 98 are arranged in a space enclosed by an outer wall 99 of the micropore injection structure; the horizontal jetting plate is vertical to the direction of the airflow, the area is limited, the length increase of the vertical micropore jetting plate (pipe) is not limited, so that the jetting amount is multiplied, and the airflow in the square direction of the jetted water is forced to be jetted downwards to indirectly provide recoil momentum; a sound absorption and silencing structure 98 is further arranged to eliminate regenerative noise, and other silencing designs are adopted; although the aperture ratio is only 2% to 3%, and the partial energy of sound resistance consumption leads to efficiency to reduce moreover, and unit area propulsive force is less, but can set up to open and close the structure, for the low noise low thrust operating mode operation when closing, high-pressure air current directly spouts for high-power engine operating mode when opening, can freely switch over.
Examples of applications of the present patent application (unpublished, internal experiments only) are listed below
Application example one:
a medium-sized electric passenger vehicle adopts a novel heat engine generator set, biomass particles are used as fuel, and the biomass particles are converted into medium-calorific-value fuel gas by combining with a clean fuel gas generating device disclosed by international application PCT/CN2018/106670 and are sent into an internal circulation heat accumulating type engine illustrated in figure 6 to drive a generator to generate electricity; the engine adopts a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator for heat exchange, the volume of the engine is about eight kilograms, the volume of the engine is about six liters, the specific surface area of the engine is 700M2/M3, the volume of the engine body is about 200 liters, the total volume of the engine body together with a combustion furnace and the like is about 350 liters, and the weight of the engine body is within 300 kilograms; filling normal pressure air, ventilating the heat exchange chamber at the frequency of 5Hz for eight liters each time, raising the temperature of working medium gas to about 1270 ℃, and outputting about 30 kilowatts, namely generating 30 ℃ per hour; when the air input quantity is increased to sixteen liters, the instantaneous output power is increased to 60 kilowatts, and the explosive force is strong; the cooling chamber reduces the temperature of the high-temperature air to below 200 ℃, ensures that the temperature difference before and after work is about 1000 ℃, and enters the circulation again. The heat accumulator structure of the cooling chamber exchanges heat with the outside air to generate high-temperature air at about 500 ℃, the obtained high-temperature air is connected into the combustion furnace to continue organizing high-temperature low-oxygen combustion, and all heat energy is recycled, so that the efficiency is up to more than 80 percent and is more than two times of that of an internal combustion generator set.
Application example two:
a certain disc type solar photo-thermal power generation system is located in a remote area and provides power with the power of 25 kilowatts at most, the power generation efficiency is difficult to improve according to the existing photo-thermal power generation technology, and the internal circulation heat conduction type heat engine is supposed to be adopted for transformation; the new heat engine is the compact heat conduction type heat engine shown in fig. 14, the heat radiating fins, the heat conducting plates and other structures are designed by adopting a copper alloy and silicon carbide composite structure, the thickness of each heat radiating fin is 2 mm, the distance between the heat radiating fins is 4 mm, the average area of each fin is about 0.2 square, namely the heat exchange area on two sides is 0.4 square, 20 layers are arranged, the heat exchange area is 8 square, the two heat exchange structures are 16 square, and the working medium gas participating in heat exchange is about 8 liters; the working medium gas adopts 10MPa hydrogen, so that the output power capacity is far more than 25 kilowatts; the heat of the condenser is directly led into the heat conducting plate, the temperature of the working medium gas is reduced after expansion work, if the temperature of the working medium gas is abnormally increased, the heat conducting plate of the low-temperature gas chamber is controlled to lead out partial heat to control the temperature of the working medium gas in a preset range; because the solar power generation is frequently carried out the heat storage operation, the temperature of the working medium can be adjusted to a lower temperature at the moment, and the heat conducting plate of the low-temperature air chamber conducts heat and stores the heat to the heat energy storage mechanism.
Application example three:
the internal circulation heat accumulating type engine illustrated in figure 6 is adopted as power for a certain type of heavy truck, and the heavy truck is connected with a gearbox through a crank connecting rod structure and an equal-power output mechanism to directly drive wheels; biomass particles are used as fuel, and are converted into medium-heat value fuel gas by combining with a clean fuel gas generating device disclosed by Chinese patent 201810117007X and international application PCT/CN2018/106670, the medium-heat value fuel gas is sent into a clean high-temperature combustion furnace system to be combusted to generate high-temperature clean flue gas, the high-temperature clean flue gas provides heat to exchange heat with a ceramic heat accumulator structure in a heat exchange chamber, and the heat exchange time is set to be about one minute; the heat exchange chamber and the cooling chamber adopt a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator with the volume of about eighty kilograms, the volume of about 60 liters, the specific surface area of 700M2/M3 and the volume of about 900 liters of an engine body, and the total volume of the engine body together with a clean gas generating device, a combustion furnace and the like is about 1500 liters and the weight is within 1500 kilograms; the heat exchange chamber is ventilated for 80 liters each time according to the frequency of 5Hz, the temperature of the working medium gas is raised to about 1270 ℃, and the output power is about 300 kilowatts; when working conditions of starting, climbing, accelerating and the like are met, the air inflow is adjusted to 160 liters or the air exchange frequency is increased to 10Hz, the instantaneous output power is increased to 600 kilowatts, and the explosive force is strong; the cooling chamber reduces the temperature of the high-temperature air to below 200 ℃, ensures that the temperature difference before and after work is about 1000 ℃, and enters the circulation again. The heat accumulator structure of the cooling chamber exchanges heat with the outside air to generate high-temperature air at about 500 ℃, the obtained high-temperature air is connected into the combustion furnace to continue high-temperature low-oxygen combustion, and all heat energy is recycled, so that the efficiency is up to more than 80%; the whole engine system is designed to be sound-proof, sound-proof and enclosed, and the noise is reduced to about 20 decibels.
Application example four:
the winter heating equipment (distributed energy) of a certain infectious disease isolation ward adopts distributed energy equipment manufactured by the technology, a small engine with two kilowatts to several kilowatts is adopted in each room, an internal circulation heat accumulating type engine illustrated in figure 6 is selected, biomass particles or coal are used as fuel, the biomass particles or the coal are converted into medium-heat-value gas by combining a clean gas generating device disclosed by Chinese patent 201810117007X and international application PCT/CN2018/106670, the medium-heat-value gas is sent into a combustion furnace system to generate high-temperature flue gas, and then the high-temperature flue gas enters a heat exchange chamber to heat a heat accumulator; the working medium is normal pressure air, the temperature is raised to more than six hundred degrees and then the working is still at the high temperature of four or five hundred degrees, the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator of the cooling chamber cools the working medium to about 200 degrees, and the temperature difference and the pressure difference of the working medium gas before and after the working are ensured; a heating structure at one end of the cooling chamber extracts indoor dirty air to cool the heat-conducting plate, the dirty air is changed into high-temperature air with the temperature of about 400 ℃ and is sent into the combustion furnace to recover heat, and the dirty air is prevented from overflowing when fresh air is introduced into each room; the high-temperature flue gas and the heat accumulator generate low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange, the low-temperature flue gas can also be introduced into the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger, hot air is introduced into a room after heat exchange is carried out at about one hundred fifty degrees, the temperature is similar to the temperature of the electric heating plate and is lower than the gas temperature of a coal stove or a charcoal stove, and the hot air can be used for replacing a heating system.
Meanwhile, a small solar condenser can be additionally arranged, for example, four or five square solar condensers are integrated with coal, biomass fuel and the like for complementary power generation, and share a turbine system; and the solar power generation equipment can be miniaturized, is simple and low in price, the photo-thermal efficiency of the condenser is 80%, the power generation efficiency of the novel heat engine is 80%, and the power generation efficiency reaches more than 60%, which is one time of the photo-thermal power generation efficiency and is three or four times of that of photovoltaic power generation (10% -20%).
If in summer or when the temperature is higher, the refrigeration compressor is directly driven to be used as a mobile air conditioner, and meanwhile, a plasma generator or a photocatalyst generator is arranged for disinfection, so that the air entering and exiting a room can be disinfected in two directions. Because the air inlet pressure or the air exhaust pressure can be adjusted to form a positive pressure or negative pressure room, the possibility of infection caused by air circulation in the room can be blocked.
The clean gas generating device treats waste raw materials which contain large water and are difficult to treat, such as patient pollutants (including medical waste, excrement and the like), domestic waste, food waste and the like, dry fuel is added to be used as a high-temperature water vapor gasification raw material to disappear, biomass charcoal and the like formed by high-temperature gasification can be used as an air filter, the obtained power can be used for a high-power ultraviolet irradiation disinfection machine to treat discharged sewage, and even a simple room can be used as a closed house isolation room; and one device can be simultaneously used as an engine (generator), a sterilizing machine, a heating machine, an air conditioner, a solar power generation device and the like, and has simple structure and low price.
Can also be used for the design of closed culture rooms for blocking African swine fever, avian influenza and the like.
The house in the non-epidemic area is more convenient to be additionally installed and used at ordinary times.
Application example five:
the micro generator set manufactured by the device of the invention as shown in fig. 6 is adopted by a certain type of intelligent temperature-changing air-conditioning suit to replace a battery as power, and the power is about 200 watts, so that a series of problems that the battery capacity is limited and the power is limited are thoroughly solved: vegetable oils and the like can be used as the fuel. One liter of vegetable oil can maintain 24-hour power, including power or electricity consumption of mobile phones, computers, dynamic balance cars, electric bicycles and other portable equipment; the heat release of the high-temperature tail gas in winter replaces a heating vest; blowing and cooling by a fan in summer; (within 30 watts); the miniature refrigeration compressor can be directly driven according to the requirements, the miniature compressor produced by Shenzhen Ku Ling times company can be adopted, the weight is less than 900 g, the whole set of equipment, an engine and the like, the weight is less than three kilograms, and the weight of a army overcoat is also adopted;
under the current epidemic situation environment, a transparent mask or a hood can be adopted to form a closed semi-closed inner environment, an electronic mask is imitated, and a plasma or photocatalyst generator is additionally arranged to purify the air (remove haze dust, add negative ions, disinfect, inactivate viruses and bacteria, remove peculiar smell, adjust temperature and humidity and the like) in the environment of the clothes; the micro pump strengthens the ventilation volume inside and outside the clothes and face to be not less than 150 liters/minute (the clothes do not need to be ventilated any more), the air circulation pressure in the clothes, the air pressure between the human body and the underwear and the air pressure between the exposed part and the outside keep micro positive pressure gradient in sequence; the new equipment can be fixed on the instep and directly supported on the sole to reduce the load of the weak; the high-temperature tail gas or the exhaust port rich in ozone gas is used as a nozzle of the miniature movable sterilizer and is arranged at exposed positions (when people take food) such as lips to form one to multiple air curtains for preventing outside air from entering and is arranged at positions needing sterilization, such as hands, a cushion part, a sole part and the like, so as to kill viruses and bacteria; an ozone catalytic decomposition filter layer is arranged in the mask to remove ozone in the gas sucked into the lung; a diaphragm electrolytic salt solution sterilizer, a military anti-poison filter tank and the like or other portable equipment are additionally arranged as required. The functions are combined from low to high in a menu mode, and the price is very practical.
Application example six:
the total load of a novel helicopter which is fully loaded is 1500 kilograms, the heat accumulating type jet engine is adopted as power, a micropore jetting structure capable of being opened and closed is arranged, and a compressor is additionally arranged to generate high-pressure airflow; cheap vegetable oil such as palm oil is used as fuel, a micropore jetting structure is opened in the takeoff and landing stage, and a low-noise propulsion mode is entered; the opening rate of the injection plate is 2%, the pressure air chamber keeps about 0.2MPa, about 300 kilograms of thrust can be provided by each square horizontal micropore injection plate, 200 kilograms of thrust can be provided by one-meter long vertical micropore injection plate according to fifteen pieces of arrangement, and the total thrust per square meter is less than five hundred kilograms; the bottom is provided with a four-square-meter micropore jetting structural plate which is enough to ensure low-noise takeoff and landing; after entering the air, closing the micropore jetting structure, switching to a high-power flight mode in which tail gas is directly jetted, and executing the working process; after the new heat engine is adopted, the helicopter can directly cancel a rotor wing, and can be designed into a low-noise aerocar capable of vertically taking off and landing.
Application example seven:
a boiler and steam turbine generator set which always uses fuels such as biomass fuel, coal and the like in a certain large thermal power station generates electricity and supplies heat, and the power of a single unit is 5 ten thousand kilowatts; if the gas purification and internal circulation heat accumulation type heat engine claimed by the application is completely adopted for transformation, a large amount of original large-scale complete equipment is abandoned, and a large amount of capital is required to be invested in civil engineering, which is equivalent to rebuilding a thermal power plant; the internal circulation heat accumulating type heat engine with the heating structure in the technology is adopted for transformation, so that the main transformation amount is to replace a large-scale steam turbine and an auxiliary structure, most of other large-scale equipment facilities can be reserved, and the transformation investment is saved to the maximum extent; only a high-temperature flue gas pipeline is laid to send high-temperature flue gas of the existing combustion furnace to a heating structure of a new heat engine, the original combustion furnace, the denitration and desulfurization purification system and the like can be reserved, the new large heat engine is provided with a heating structure to transfer flue gas heat to heat exchange working medium gas, and a movable heater illustrated in fig. 10 is adopted as the heater; all heat exchange working medium gas and working medium gas for power cycle in the device adopt 30MPa high-pressure hydrogen, in order to reduce the volume of a high-pressure container and reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost, the total power of 5 ten thousand kilowatts can be distributed to a plurality of new heat engines, for example, ten new heat engines of five thousand kilowatts are adopted to be connected in parallel, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost; the flue gas temperature of a combustion furnace is about 800 ℃, the working temperature of a heat exchange chamber is set to be about 600 ℃ after heat energy conversion, and a cooling chamber cools the working medium temperature to about 200 ℃ after expansion work application, so that the temperature difference and the pressure difference before and after work application are ensured; the temperature of high-temperature air generated by the heating structure at the cooling chamber end is about 300 ℃, and the high-temperature air is completely connected into the combustion furnace to recover heat, so that the effective efficiency is greatly improved to more than 60%; because the new technology can not be adopted for complete transformation, the exhaust temperature of the tail gas of the combustion furnace is still higher, the heat of the recovered flue gas of the original boiler and the like is utilized to provide hot water and the like, and the original equipment can be used in fields except a steam turbine.
In a further scheme, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas can also be recovered by adopting the compact heat-conducting heat engine illustrated in the figure 14, because only a small amount of heat needs to be led out to ensure the temperature difference of the working medium gas, the led-out heat can be used for preheating air, then the preheated air is led into a heating structure at the cooling chamber end to be subjected to heat exchange with the heat-conducting plate 55 to become high-temperature air, and the high-temperature air is sent into the combustion furnace, so that the effective efficiency reaches the limit of more than 95%.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
- A thermodynamic cycle method, characterized by: the heat is sent into the closed cavity through the heat storage carrier in a non-combustion mode, then the low-temperature working medium gas is organized in the closed cavity to exchange heat with the heat storage carrier and quickly rise in temperature and expand to obtain pressure to do work,4 steps including the following cycle:(1) A heat energy introduction stage: transferring heat energy of a heat source to a heat storage carrier, and entering a preset closed chamber;(2) A heat exchange expansion work stage: the method comprises the steps that low-temperature working medium gas is organized in a preset closed cavity to exchange heat with a heat storage carrier quickly, the temperature of the low-temperature working medium gas is raised in an equal volume mode after heat exchange, expansion pressure is obtained to do work, and power is output;(3) And (3) a heat energy recovery stage: the low-temperature working medium gas is changed into high-temperature working medium gas after heat exchange and expansion work, the temperature of the working medium gas is reduced through heat exchange, and the heat of the part of the working medium gas is led out of the closed chamber;(4) Entering the next cycle stage: the heat storage carrier and the working medium gas are restored to the initial state, and the next cycle is started.
- The thermodynamic cycle method of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage carrier is of a heat storage body structure, the heat storage body structure is of a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, and the heat exchange expansion work stage is used for performing heat exchange expansion work on the heat storage body and the low-temperature working medium gas.
- The thermodynamic cycle method of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage carrier is a heat conduction and heat exchange structure, the part of the heat conduction and heat exchange structure in the closed cavity is a retractable structure, the heat conduction structure is a heat conduction structure when the heat conduction and heat exchange structure is retracted and extruded together, and the heat exchange structure is a heat exchange structure when the heat conduction and heat exchange structure is expanded in the closed cavity; the heat exchange expansion working stage is used for performing heat exchange expansion working on the heat conduction heat exchange structure and the low-temperature working medium gas.
- The thermodynamic cycle method of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage carrier is of a heat storage body structure, preferably a ceramic honeycomb heat storage body structure, the heat exchange expansion work stage is that the heat storage body and low-temperature working medium gas exchange heat and rise temperature to become high-temperature and high-pressure working medium gas, and the working medium gas is preferably air and is used as combustion-supporting gas to react with fuel to generate high-pressure expansion work; and the heat energy recovery stage is used for recovering the heat of the tail gas sprayed out of the closed cavity by the heat conduction and heat exchange structure.
- A heat engine for carrying out the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the combustion-supporting air cylinder consists of a heat-insulating cylinder body (8), a heat exchange chamber (9), a heat exchange chamber piston (23), an air inlet chamber (10), a cylinder chamber (11), an air compression chamber (12), a piston (13), a piston rod (14), a ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure (2), a one-way air inlet (15), a pressure exhaust valve (16), an exhaust port (17), a high-temperature flue gas valve (18), a low-temperature flue gas valve (19), a one-way air flow channel (20), a pressure air inlet (21), a one-way valve (22) and a control device, a pressure air pipe (25), a high-temperature low-oxygen mixing chamber (26), a combustion furnace (270), a re-combustion denitrator (28), a fuel pipe (29), a high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas pipe (30), a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31), a reversing valve (32), a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33), a low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34), a backflow flue gas pipe (35), a high-temperature air pipe (36) and a clean gas generator, wherein the air inlet chamber (10) is connected with at least one-way air flow channel (20) provided with the one-way valve (22) through which is at least one-way, the piston (13) and the piston rod (14) divide the heat exchange chamber (8) into two heat-insulating cylinder chamber (11) and the rest air cylinder chamber (11), the heat exchange chamber (9) is connected with the cylinder chamber through at least one-way airflow channel (20) provided with a one-way valve (22), and the air inlet chamber (10) is provided with a pressure air inlet (21) and is connected with a pressure exhaust valve (15) on the air compression chamber (12) through a pressure air inlet pipe. At least more than one heat exchange chamber (9) filled with the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure units are symmetrically arranged, and the ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structure (2) is provided with at least more than one independent unit;the middle of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with an air inlet chamber (10);the control device controls and adjusts the air inlet frequency and pressure and the number of heat accumulator units participating in heat energy circulation;the air inlet of the heat exchange chamber (9) is provided with at least one high-temperature flue gas valve (18), and the air outlet is provided with at least one low-temperature flue gas valve (19);the high-temperature air pipe (36) is connected with an exhaust port of the engine and the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber (26), the high-temperature low-oxygen mixing chamber (26) is communicated with the combustion furnace (27), and the combustion furnace (27) is communicated with the reburning denitrator (28); the outlet of the reburning denitrifier is provided with a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) which is connected with the heat exchange chamber of the engine through a reversing valve (32), and a return flue gas pipe (35) which is introduced into the high-temperature hypoxia combustion-supporting gas mixing chamber; the high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) is connected with the heat exchange chamber (9) of the engine through a high-temperature flue gas valve, and the low-temperature flue gas valve on the heat exchange chamber is connected with the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) through a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33); the pressure exhaust port of the engine is connected with the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) through a pressure air pipe (25), and is connected with the pressure air inlet of the engine after passing through the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger;an air inlet piston (23) connected with the push-pull structure is arranged in the air inlet chamber (10), and an air hole (24) is formed in the side wall of the air inlet piston (23).
- A heat engine for carrying out the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the expansion working piston is composed of a first heat exchange structure, a second heat exchange structure and an expansion working structure, a working piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion working structure into a left high-temperature expansion chamber (53) and a right high-temperature expansion chamber (54), the high-temperature expansion chamber of the first heat exchange structure (51) is communicated with the left high-temperature expansion chamber (53) of the expansion working structure, and the high-temperature expansion chamber of the second heat exchange structure (52) is communicated with the right high-temperature expansion chamber (54) of the expansion working structure.
- A heat engine for carrying out the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the heat-exchange device is composed of a heat-exchange chamber (37), a cooling chamber (38), a heat-exchange piston and driving mechanism (39), a heat-insulation soft film (40), a cooling air chamber (41), a high-temperature expansion chamber (42), a heat-insulation cylinder body (8), a power-applying piston and piston rod (46), a power output mechanism (47), a clean combustion furnace system (48), a heat-conducting plate (55), a heater (56), a high-temperature working medium air pipe (57), a driving pump (58), an air return pipe (59) and heat-exchange working medium air, wherein the heat-exchange chamber (37) is provided with at least more than two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures (2), is connected with the cooling air chamber (41) through an air inlet valve (43) and is connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber through an exhaust valve (44); the cooling chamber (41) is provided with at least more than two ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures (2), and is connected with the cooling air chamber (41) through an exhaust valve (44) and connected with the high-temperature expansion chamber (42) through an air return valve (45). The working piston and the piston rod (46) are connected with the power output mechanism (47), the cylinder chamber is communicated with the high-temperature expansion chamber of the heat exchange structure, the combustion furnace (48) is connected with the heat exchange chamber through a high-temperature flue gas pipe (31) and connected with the cooling chamber through a high-temperature air pipe (36), and the low-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (34) is respectively connected with the heat exchange chamber (37) and the cooling chamber (38) through a low-temperature flue gas pipe (33) and a hot air pipe (49);the clean combustion furnace system (48) conducts heat conduction and heat transfer through a heat conduction plate (55), a high-temperature working medium gas pipe is connected with a heater (56) and a high-temperature flue gas valve (18) on a heat exchange chamber (37), and a gas return pipe (59) is connected with a driving pump (58), the heater (56) and a low-temperature flue gas valve (19) on the heat exchange chamber (37) to form a closed circulation pipeline.
- A heat engine of the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the heat conduction plate is composed of a heat conduction plate (55) and fixed radiating fins (60), wherein the heat conduction plate (55) and the fixed radiating fins (60) are of a composite structure, and at least more than one fixed radiating fins (60) are connected with the heat conduction plate (55).
- A heat engine of the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the heat dissipation device is characterized in that a heat conduction plate (55), a movable cooling fin (61), a hook plate (65), a push-pull structure (64), a low-temperature air chamber (63) and a piston plate (62) are arranged in a space enclosed by the shell, the length of the hook plate (65) is determined according to the movement position of the movable cooling fin (61), the hook plate (65) is connected with the movable cooling fin (61), the push-pull structure (64) is connected with the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65) at the same time, and holes are formed in the piston plate (62).
- A heat engine implementing the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: by heat-conducting plate (55), movable fin (61), piston plate (62), low temperature air chamber (63), push-and-pull structure (64), movable fin couple (65), adiabatic cylinder block (8), air inlet (66), high temperature discharge valve (67), inflation working chamber (68), airtight air chamber (69), return air piston (70), power output mechanism (71) etc. constitute, heat-conducting plate (55) and adiabatic cylinder block (8) enclose to close into two relatively independent parts, piston plate (62) are two parts with heat transfer structure inner space separation: the upper part is a high-temperature air chamber, and the lower part is a low-temperature air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable radiating fins (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber (63) is provided with an air inlet, and the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected with the piston plate (62) and the hook plate of the movable radiating fin; the expansion working structure chamber enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber, and the side wall of the expansion working chamber is provided with a high-temperature exhaust valve; the return piston (70) is coupled to a power take-off (71).
- A heat engine implementing the thermodynamic cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the device is composed of a heat conducting plate (55), movable radiating fins (61), a piston plate (62), a low-temperature air chamber (63), a push-pull structure (64), movable radiating fin hooks (65), a heat insulation cylinder body (8), a cooler (73), a one-way air return valve (72), an expansion working chamber (68), a closed air chamber (69), an air return piston (70), a power output mechanism (71) and working medium gas; the heat conducting plate (55) and the heat insulation cylinder body (8) enclose two relatively independent spaces; the piston plate (62) divides the space in the heat exchange structure into a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber (63); at least two layers of movable radiating fins (61) are arranged in the high-temperature air chamber; the push-pull structure (64) is simultaneously connected with the piston plate (62) and the hook plate (65) of the movable radiating fin, an expansion structure cavity enclosed by the heat insulation cylinder body is divided into an expansion working chamber and a closed air chamber by an air return piston, and the upper limit of the piston plate (62) on the top of the high-temperature air chamber is communicated with the expansion working chamber; the bottom plate of the low-temperature air chamber is provided with a heat conducting plate (55), and the bottom of the low-temperature air chamber is connected with the expansion working chamber through an air return valve; the return piston (70) is coupled to a power take-off (71).
- A heat engine implementing the thermodynamic cycle method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the expansion work applying device is composed of a left heat exchange structure (102), a right heat exchange structure (103) and an expansion work applying structure, and is characterized in that: the working piston divides a cylinder chamber of the expansion working structure into a left expansion working chamber (100) and a right expansion working chamber (101), a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the left heat exchange structure are communicated with the left expansion working chamber (100) of the expansion working structure through pipelines, a high-temperature air chamber and a low-temperature air chamber of the right heat exchange structure (102) are communicated with the right expansion working chamber (101) of the expansion working structure through pipelines, and movable cooling fins (61) of the left heat exchange structure are connected with movable cooling fins (61) corresponding to the right heat exchange structure into a whole through cooling fin hooks (65).
- A heat engine of a thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 11 wherein: the movable heat sink 61 is a composite structure, and the material structure combination mode, the curved surface shape and the like of the movable heat sink are determined by combining with the calculation of temperature difference deformation.
- A heat engine for carrying out the thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the device comprises a first air inlet channel (73), a second air inlet channel (74), a third air inlet channel (75), a first air inlet channel valve (76), a second air inlet channel (77) valve, a third air inlet channel valve (78), a first air inlet chamber (79), a first combustion chamber (80), a first heat exchange chamber (81), a flue gas mixing chamber (82), a second heat exchange chamber (83), a second combustion chamber (84), a second air inlet chamber (85), a first nozzle and valve (86) and a second nozzle and valve (87);a first air inlet valve (76) is arranged between the first air inlet channel (73) and the first air inlet chamber (79), the first air inlet chamber (79) is communicated with the first combustion chamber (80), a valve is arranged between the first combustion chamber (80) and the first heat exchange chamber (81), a valve is arranged between the first heat exchange chamber (81) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and a first nozzle and a valve (86) are arranged between the first air inlet chamber (79) and the outside;a third air inlet channel valve (78) is arranged between the second air inlet channel (74) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82);a second air inlet channel (77) valve is arranged between the third air inlet channel (75) and the second air inlet chamber (85), the second air inlet chamber (85) is communicated with the second combustion chamber (84), a valve is arranged between the second combustion chamber (84) and the second heat exchange chamber (83), a valve is arranged between the second heat exchange chamber (83) and the flue gas mixing chamber (82), and a second nozzle and a valve (87) are arranged between the second air inlet chamber (85) and the outside;ceramic honeycomb heat accumulator structures and auxiliary heat exchange structures such as heat exchange pistons are arranged in the first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber.
- A heat engine implementing a thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 14 wherein: the first combustion chamber (80) and the second combustion chamber (84) are both silencing combustion chambers (89), a front nozzle valve (90) and a rear nozzle valve (91) are arranged on two sides of each silencing combustion chamber (89), the front nozzle valve (90) is communicated with the lower nozzle chamber (93), the rear nozzle valve (91) is communicated with the upper nozzle chamber (92), the lower nozzle chamber (93) is provided with a heat conduction structure (88), and the lower nozzle chamber (93) and the upper nozzle chamber (92) are internally provided with heat conduction silencing structures (94).
- A heat engine implementing a thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 15 wherein: and micropore jetting structures (95) are arranged in the lower jetting chamber (93) and the upper jetting chamber (92).
- A heat engine implementing a thermodynamic cycle method as claimed in claim 15 wherein: the micropore jetting structure (95) comprises a micropore jetting structure outer wall (99), and a horizontal jetting plate (96), a vertical jetting plate (97) and a sound absorption and silencing structure (98) are arranged in the micropore jetting structure outer wall (99).
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2020102878158 | 2020-04-13 | ||
| CN202010287815 | 2020-04-13 | ||
| CN202010394795 | 2020-05-11 | ||
| CN2020103947954 | 2020-05-11 | ||
| CN2020111420488 | 2020-10-21 | ||
| CN202011142048 | 2020-10-21 | ||
| PCT/CN2020/127889 WO2021093738A1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-10 | Thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine for implementing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115280008A true CN115280008A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202080079897.5A Pending CN115280008A (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-11-10 | Thermodynamic cycle method and heat engine for implementing said method |
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| CN (1) | CN115280008A (en) |
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