CN107100736B - Combustion turbine combined system - Google Patents
Combustion turbine combined system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107100736B CN107100736B CN201710432022.9A CN201710432022A CN107100736B CN 107100736 B CN107100736 B CN 107100736B CN 201710432022 A CN201710432022 A CN 201710432022A CN 107100736 B CN107100736 B CN 107100736B
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- turbine
- combustion chamber
- heat
- combustion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
Abstract
The invention discloses combustion turbine combined systems, including gas turbine, low temperature recyclable device and waste-heat recovery device.The gas turbine includes liquefied ammonia feedway, compressor, combustion chamber and turbine, which can supply ammonia for combustion chamber, which is simultaneously supplied to combustion chamber, pushes turbo driving by the exhaust that combustion chambers burn generates.The low temperature recyclable device is connected between liquefied ammonia feedway and combustion chamber, which is gaseous ammonia, the cooling capacity of low temperature recyclable device liquid ammonia recovery gasification by the variation of low temperature recyclable device.It include the gas mixing burning for the gaseous ammonia and air being passed through in the combustion chamber, the exhaust of the combustion chamber pushes turbo driving and is discharged by exhaust channel；The waste-heat recovery device is arranged on exhaust channel to collect exhaust gas heat.It has the following advantages: can output power, can recycle exhaust heat and/or liquid ammonia recovery gasification generate gasification latent heat to utilize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas turbine engine systems more particularly to a kind of using ammonia as the combustion turbine combined system of fuel.
Background technique
Gas turbine is a kind of rotary power for useing a continuous flowing gas as a working medium, thermal energy being converted to mechanical work
It is mechanical.In the main flow of air and gas, the combustion gas wheel being made of air compressor, combustion chamber and turbine this three big component
Machine circulation, is commonly referred to as simple cycle.Most of gas turbines are all made of simple cycle scheme.Because its structure is most simple, and
And best embody out specific to gas turbine it is small in size, light-weight, starting is fast, without series of advantages such as cooling waters.
China is hydrazine yield and the most country of dosage in the world at present, accounts for 1/3 of Gross World Product or so, thus China
There is excellent condition to be done step-by-step from existing fossil energy and turns to the reproducible ammonia energy.Ammonia can be used as gas turbine or hair
The fuel of motivation.However the gasification latent heat that waste heat and liquid ammonia gasification generate in combustion turbine exhaustion is not recovered efficiently
Or utilize, such as CN102272427B, CN102272428B.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of combustion turbine combined systems, it overcomes in background technique using ammonia as the combustion gas wheel of fuel
Deficiency present in machine.
The used technical solution that the present invention solves its technical problem is:
Combustion turbine combined system, including using ammonia as the gas turbine of fuel, the gas turbine include liquefied ammonia feedway,
Compressor, combustion chamber and turbine, the liquefied ammonia feedway can supply ammonia for combustion chamber, which connects combustion chamber with compressed package
Aeriferous gas is simultaneously supplied to combustion chamber, which connects turbine and push turbine with the exhaust generated by combustion chambers burn
Operating；The combustion turbine combined system further includes low temperature recyclable device and waste-heat recovery device；The low temperature recyclable device is connected to
Between liquefied ammonia feedway and combustion chamber, which is gaseous ammonia by the variation of low temperature recyclable device, which returns
Receive the cooling capacity of liquid ammonia gasification；It include the gas mixing burning for the gaseous ammonia and air being passed through in the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber
Exhaust pushes turbo driving and is discharged by exhaust channel；The waste-heat recovery device is arranged on exhaust channel to collect exhaust heat
Amount.
Among one embodiment: the low temperature recyclable device includes heat exchange paths, the liquefied ammonia by the heat exchange paths and from
Liquefied ammonia variation is gaseous ammonia, the cooling capacity of heat exchange paths liquid ammonia recovery gasification.
Among one embodiment: the heat exchange paths cooperate compressor, after cooling to pass through heat exchange paths cooling air
Air enters the compressor.
Among one embodiment: the heat exchange paths are set in the outer wall or combustion chamber of combustion chamber indoor to absorb burning
Heat.
Among one embodiment: the heat exchange paths cooperate at least one party in the stator blade of the turbine and in movable vane piece,
With at least one party liquid ammonia being sent in the stator blade of the turbine and in movable vane piece, pass through cooling stator blade or movable vane piece
Gasification liquefied ammonia is gaseous ammonia and is supplied in the combustion chamber.
Among one embodiment: the gas turbine further includes the ammonia cracker that ammonolysis craft can be made to go out hydrogen, liquefied ammonia supply dress
Connection ammonia cracker is set to provide ammonia for ammonia cracker, which connects ammonia cracker, will be vented production
Raw heat imports ammonia cracker to provide reaction heat for ammonia cracking reaction；The ammonia cracker connects combustion chamber with to burning
Room supply includes the gas of hydrogen and ammonia.
Among one embodiment: the waste-heat recovery device controls temperature in exhaust channel so that NO contained in exhaustXIn ammonia
It can be reduced in the presence of in the state of.
Among one embodiment: NO is set in the exhaust channelXSelective reduction catalyst.
Among one embodiment: the combustion turbine combined system further includes generator, which connects turbine to pass through whirlpool
Wheel drive generator exports electric energy.
Among one embodiment: the combustion turbine combined system further includes steam turbine, which includes steam
Generator, the steam generator connect steam turbine, to generate the turbine of the Steam Actuation steam turbine by steam generator
Operating.
The technical program compared with the background art, it has the following advantages:
It is of the invention using ammonia as the combustion turbine combined system of fuel, can output power, and exhaust heat can be recycled
And/or the gasification latent heat that liquid ammonia recovery gasification generates is to utilize.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of embodiment two；
Fig. 3 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of embodiment three；
Fig. 4 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of example IV.
Fig. 5 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of embodiment five；
Fig. 6 is the system diagram of the combustion turbine combined system of embodiment six.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Please refer to Fig. 1, combustion turbine combined system, including using ammonia as the gas turbine of fuel, low temperature recyclable device 5 and remaining
Heat recovery apparatus 7.The gas turbine includes liquefied ammonia feedway 4, compressor 2, combustion chamber 1 and turbine 3.The low temperature recyclable device
5 are connected between liquefied ammonia feedway 4 and combustion chamber 1, which is gaseous ammonia by the variation of low temperature recyclable device 5, and by gas
State ammonia is supplied in combustion chamber 1, and the cooling capacity of 5 liquid ammonia recovery of low temperature recyclable device gasification.The compressor 2 connects combustion chamber 1
With the aeriferous gas of compressed package and it is supplied to combustion chamber 1.It include the gas for the gaseous ammonia and air being passed through in the combustion chamber 1
It is mixed and burned, the exhaust of the combustion chamber 1 pushes turbine 3 to operate and is discharged by exhaust channel 6, which also drives compressor 2 to transport
Turn to realize air compression, and the waste-heat recovery device 7 is arranged on exhaust channel 6 to collect exhaust gas heat.
The gasification latent heat of the liquefied ammonia is higher, and under -33.41 DEG C and 101.325kPa, gasification latent heat reaches 1371.18kJ/kg.
The low temperature recyclable device 5 is mainly used for collecting gasification latent heat caused by liquid ammonia gasification.The low temperature recyclable device 5 may include heat
Exchanger, these heat exchangers can be plate heat exchanger, shell-and-tube heat exchanger, double pipe heat exchanger, plate-fin heat exchanger, heat
At least one of heat exchange of heat pipe, cooling tower or condenser.
It further include generator 8 in the combustion turbine combined system of the present embodiment, which connects turbine 3 to pass through whirlpool
Take turns 3 driven generators 8 output electric energy.Combustion turbine combined system of the invention provides cold source by low temperature recyclable device 5, passes through
Waste-heat recovery device 7 provides heat source, electric energy is exported by generator 8, to realize hot and cold, the electric joint of the association system
Supply.
Embodiment two
Please refer to Fig. 2, it and embodiment one the difference is that: the low temperature recyclable device 5 includes heat exchange paths, the liquid
It is gaseous ammonia, the cooling capacity of heat exchange paths liquid ammonia recovery gasification that ammonia changes by the heat exchange paths and from liquefied ammonia.The heat is handed over
Access cooperation compressor 2 is changed, with by heat exchange paths cooling air, air after cooling enters the compressor 2.Due to liquefied ammonia
Gasification latent heat it is higher (at -33.41 DEG C and 101.325kPa, gasification latent heat reaches 1371.18kJ/kg), air themperature drops
It is low, higher air compression ratio is obtained, air inlet amount is increased.Meanwhile liquid ammonia gasification absorbs the heat that 2 blade of compressor generates
Amount plays the effect for reducing leaf temperature.
The waste-heat recovery device 7 includes heat exchanger, which can be heat pipe waste-heat recoverer, wall-type heat exchange
At least one of device, heat regenerator, ceramic heat exchanger or jet model mixing heating unit.The heat pipe waste-heat recoverer is benefit
The heat-exchanger rig manufactured with the efficient heat transfer characteristic and its environmental suitability of heat pipe, structure type are as follows: monoblock type, separate type or
Combined type.The dividing wall type heat exchanger heat exchanger may is that cooling tower (or cooling column), gas scrubbing tower (or scrubbing tower),
Injecting type heat exchanger or mixing condenser.The equipment that the heat regenerator is used to carry out regenerative heat-exchange, for Jie
Matter mixing requires relatively low occasion.The built-in solid filler of the heat exchanger, to store up heat.Ceramic heat exchanger is in high temperature
Or instead of traditional metal heat-exchange equipment under corrosive environment.The jet model mixing heating unit is by gas and water two-phase fluid
Directly mix the equipment to produce hot water.It can be used to heating using the waste heat of jet model mixing heating unit recycling exhaust to recycle
Water.
NO is usually contained from the exhaust that turbine 1 is dischargedX, NOXIn exhaust residual ammonia there are in the state of can be gone back
It is former.By adjusting the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger in waste-heat recovery device 7, temperature in exhaust channel is controlled, NO contained in exhaust is madeX
It is reduced within the scope of suitable temperature.Further, it is also possible to which NO is arranged in exhaust channelXSelective reduction catalyst is with further
Coordinate NOXThe temperature restored by ammonia.(Pt's is negative using the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in precious metal based catalysts for the present embodiment
Carrying capacity is weight ratio 1%).
Embodiment three
Please refer to Fig. 3, combustion turbine combined system, including using ammonia as the gas turbine of fuel, low temperature recyclable device 5 and remaining
Heat recovery apparatus 7.The gas turbine includes combustion chamber 1, compressor 2, turbine 3 and liquefied ammonia feedway 4.The low temperature recyclable device
5 include heat exchange paths, and it is gaseous ammonia that liquefied ammonia, which changes by heat exchange paths from liquefied ammonia,.Fig. 3 is indicated combustion gas wheel of the present invention
The side partial cross-sectional that one specific application example of machine association system is diagrammatically indicated.Referring to Fig. 3, in gas turbine
Output shaft 11 can be supported rotatably in shell 10, which connect via retarder with generator 7.Compressor 2 by
Compound compressor is constituted, which has the multiple stator blades 12 supported by shell 10 and be formed on output shaft 11
Multiple movable vane pieces 13, the sucking air entered from inlet port 14 are compressed by compressor 2 and are sent into combustion chamber 1.
The combustion chamber 1 configures multiple around output shaft 11, and each combustion chamber 1 is all constituted including combustion chamber 1, for by fuel
The fuel supply system 16 being supplied in combustion chamber 1 and the combustion chamber tail pipe 17 extended from combustion chamber 1 towards turbine 3.From pressure
A part of compressed air that contracting machine 2 flows out is fed in combustion chamber 1, and the fuel supplied from fuel supply system 16 is in combustion chamber
Burning in 1.Burning gases in the combustion chamber 1 pass through in combustion chamber tail pipe 17 and are fed to turbine 3, thus by rotary force
Assign turbine 3.On the other hand, a part of compressed air flowed out from compressor 2 is sent in combustion chamber tail pipe 17, so that whirlpool
The inlet temperature of wheel 3 does not rise excessively.Approximately 100% completely burned is carried out in combustion chamber 1, as mentioned above due to pressure
Contracting air is fed into combustion chamber tail pipe 17, therefore the burning gases for being fed to turbine 3 become air excess.The turbine 3
It is made of multistage turbine, which includes by multiple stator blades 18 that shell 10 supports and be formed on output shaft 11
Multiple movable vane pieces 19, the burning gases flowed out from turbine 3 become exhaust and are discharged from exhaust outlet 15.
Furthermore in the present embodiment, at least one in the stator blade 18 of heat exchange paths connection turbine 3 or in movable vane piece 19
Side.Liquid ammonia is fed at least one party in the stator blade 18 of turbine 3 or in movable vane piece 19 via amount adjusting valve, will pass through cooling
Stator blade 18 or movable vane piece 19 and be gaseous ammonia from liquid variation, gaseous ammonia boosts by gas compressor 2 and is supplied to burning
In room 1.The stator blade 18 or movable vane piece 19 for effectively utilizing turbine 3 in this embodiment are thermally generated gaseous ammonia.In addition, at this
Since stator blade 18 and/or movable vane piece 19 are cooled in embodiment, can not only improve stator blade 18, movable vane piece 19 it is resistance to
Long property, and can be improved the maximum allowable temperature of the inlet temperature of turbine 3, therefore the maximum that can be improved gas turbine is defeated
Out.
Example IV
Please refer to Fig. 4, it and embodiment one the difference is that: the combustion turbine combined system of the present embodiment is in embodiment
Heat exchange paths 5 are set to the heat absorbed in combustion chamber 1 in combustion chamber on the basis of 1 gas turbine engine systems.It is set to combustion
Burning the heat exchange paths 5 in room 1 is circular pipe, is passed through liquefied ammonia in pipeline, changes during liquefied ammonia flow in pipeline and is
Gaseous ammonia, and absorb 1 heat of combustion chamber.Gaseous ammonia is passed through again in combustion chamber 1 to be mixed with through the indoor air of the indentation burning of compressor 2
The exhaust of combination burning, generation pushes turbine 3 to operate.It is adjustable by the flow or flow velocity of liquefied ammonia in control heat exchange paths 5
Temperature in combustion chamber 1 prevents 1 temperature of combustion chamber excessively high.
In addition, heat exchange paths also can be set in the outer wall of combustion chamber 1, wall-type heat exchange structure is formed.Liquefied ammonia passes through
It absorbs the outer wall heat of combustion chamber 1 and is converted into gaseous ammonia, reduce temperature in combustion chamber 1 by heat-conduction effect.
Embodiment five
Please refer to Fig. 5, it and embodiment one the difference is that: the gas turbine further includes that can make part gaseous state ammonolysis craft
The ammonia cracker 8 of hydrogen out, the liquefied ammonia feedway 4 connect ammonia cracker 8 by low temperature recyclable device 5 and are filled with cracking for ammonia
8 offer ammonia are provided, the waste-heat recovery device 7 connect ammonia cracker 8, will be vented generate heat importing ammonia cracker 8 with
Reaction heat is provided for ammonia cracking reaction；The ammonia cracker 8 connects combustion chamber 1 to include the gas of hydrogen and ammonia to the supply of combustion chamber 1
Body.It include the gas mixing burning of hydrogen, ammonia and air in combustion chamber 1.The waste-heat recovery device includes that will be vented to be supplied to ammonia
Cracker is to provide the access of the reaction heat of ammonia cracking reaction.
Since the autoignition temperature (651 DEG C) and minimum ignition energy (680MJ) of ammonia are relatively high, compare difficult point combustion.Pure
Under ammonia burning condition, since the flame propagation velocity of ammonia is small (6-8cms-1), this makes it required when burning in engine
Time is longer.The flame propagation velocity of hydrogen is up to 250cms-1.Part ammonia is cracked into hydrogen and nitrogen by ammonia cracker 8
Gas, the hydrogen for cracking generation accelerate flame mechanism, to realize ammonia hydrogen burning performance complement, improve the flammability of ammonia fuel
Energy.The ammonia cracking reaction is the endothermic reaction, needs extra heat source to provide reaction heat.Collection row is provided on exhaust channel 6
The waste-heat recovery device 7 of gas heat.Waste-heat recovery device 7 includes that will be vented to be supplied to ammonia cracker 8 to provide ammonia cracking instead
The access for the reaction heat answered.The waste-heat recovery device 7 imports the heat that exhaust generates in ammonia cracker 8 to provide ammonia cracking
The reaction heat of reaction, then without installing heating system additional.
Ammonia catalyst for cracking is further filled into the supply side of the fuel of the ammonia cracker 8, ammonia can be reduced and split
Solution reaction required temperature increases ammonia cracking reaction rate.Ammonia catalyst for cracking, which can be load, to be had in ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and iron at least
A kind of catalyst.
Embodiment six
Please refer to Fig. 6, it and embodiment one the difference is that: this reality on the basis of one gas turbine engine systems of embodiment
It applies and is provided with steam generator 7 in the combustion turbine combined system of example on the exhaust channel of turbine 3 as more than exhaust gas heat
Heat recovery apparatus.The steam generator connects steam turbine, and the Steam Actuation that 3 heating exhaust gas steam generator 7 of turbine generates steams
The turbo driving of steam turbine 9.The present embodiment heats steam, the rejection temperature of steam turbine 9 with the exhaust gas heat of gas turbine
It reduces, has been obviously improved the utilization rate of the ammonia combustion heat.
Water and nitrogen are generated since ammonia burns in combustion chamber 1, does not generate CO2 emission and organic substance residual, because
To generate steam in this water that can be passed directly into steam generator 7 of exhaust, not only simplify steam generator 7 device structure,
Also improve heat exchange efficiency.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range implemented of the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention patent range and description, should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. combustion turbine combined system, including using ammonia as the gas turbine of fuel, which includes liquefied ammonia feedway, pressure
Contracting machine, combustion chamber and turbine, the liquefied ammonia feedway can supply ammonia for combustion chamber, which connects combustion chamber to compress and include
The gas of air is simultaneously supplied to combustion chamber, which connects turbine and push turbine fortune with the exhaust generated by combustion chambers burn
Turn, it is characterised in that: the combustion turbine combined system further includes low temperature recyclable device and waste-heat recovery device；Low temperature recycling dress
It sets and is connected between liquefied ammonia feedway and combustion chamber, which is gaseous ammonia by the variation of low temperature recyclable device, which returns
The cooling capacity of receiving apparatus liquid ammonia recovery gasification；It include the gas mixing burning for the gaseous ammonia and air being passed through in the combustion chamber, it should
The exhaust of combustion chamber pushes turbo driving and is discharged by exhaust channel；The waste-heat recovery device is arranged on exhaust channel to collect
Exhaust gas heat；The low temperature recyclable device includes heat exchange paths, and it is gas which, which changes by the heat exchange paths from liquefied ammonia,
State ammonia, the cooling capacity of heat exchange paths liquid ammonia recovery gasification；The heat exchange paths cooperate compressor, with cold by heat exchange paths
But air, air after cooling enter the compressor；The combustion turbine combined system further includes steam turbine, waste heat recycling dress
It sets including steam generator, which connects steam turbine, to generate the Steam Actuation steam by steam generator
The turbo driving of turbine；It is vented in the water being passed directly into steam generator to generate steam.
2. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heat exchange paths are set to combustion chamber
Outer wall or combustion chamber in absorb the indoor heat of burning.
3. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heat exchange paths cooperate the turbine
Stator blade in and movable vane piece at least one party, by liquid ammonia be sent in the stator blade of the turbine and movable vane piece in
At least one party is gasified liquefied ammonia by cooling stator blade or movable vane piece as gaseous ammonia and is supplied in the combustion chamber.
4. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the gas turbine further includes that can make ammonia point
The ammonia cracker of hydrogen is solved, which connects ammonia cracker to provide ammonia for ammonia cracker, which returns
Receiving apparatus connects ammonia cracker, and the heat that exhaust is generated imports ammonia cracker to provide reaction for ammonia cracking reaction
Heat；The ammonia cracker connects combustion chamber to include the gas of hydrogen and ammonia to combustion chamber supply.
5. combustion turbine combined system according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: waste heat recycling dress
Set control exhaust channel in temperature so that exhaust contained in NOX ammonia there are in the state of can be reduced.
6. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: setting NOX is selected in the exhaust channel
Reducing catalyst.
7. combustion turbine combined system according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: gas turbine connection
Collaboration system further includes generator, which connects turbine to export electric energy by turbine-driven generator.
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| CN201710432022.9A CN107100736B (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | Combustion turbine combined system |
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| CN201710432022.9A CN107100736B (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | Combustion turbine combined system |
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| CN107100736B true CN107100736B (en) | 2019-08-27 |
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| CN102900531A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七�三研究所 | Combustion gas turbine system with inlet cooling and indirect cooling |
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