CN107792329A - Power and water joint supply method - Google Patents

Power and water joint supply method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107792329A
CN107792329A CN201710981096.8A CN201710981096A CN107792329A CN 107792329 A CN107792329 A CN 107792329A CN 201710981096 A CN201710981096 A CN 201710981096A CN 107792329 A CN107792329 A CN 107792329A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
ammonia
combustion chamber
power
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201710981096.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张彬彬
王兆林
郑淞生
陈锦
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Xiamen University
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Xiamen University
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiamen University filed Critical Xiamen University
Priority to CN201710981096.8A priority Critical patent/CN107792329A/en
Publication of CN107792329A publication Critical patent/CN107792329A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J1/00Arrangements of installations for producing fresh water, e.g. by evaporation and condensation of sea water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of power and water joint supply method, and this method comprises the following steps:By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, caused exhaust propulsion power part activity of burning, and collect the water in exhaust combustion chamber.It by water condensation is aqueous water or solid water that the method for water in the collection exhaust combustion chamber, which is,.The step of before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion also including being gaseous ammonia by liquid ammonia gasification, the liquid ammonia gasification are that cold caused by gaseous ammonia is used to the water condensation in exhaust combustion chamber be aqueous water or solid water.This method can produce pure water while power is produced, and be particluarly suitable for applying under the environmental conditions such as island, offshore platform, naval vessel.

Description

Power and water joint supply method
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy source and power supply system, more particularly to the method for power and water joint supply.
Background technology
Island, offshore platform, naval vessel etc. due to being limited by conditions such as natural locations, result in can not realize energy source and power and Drinking water is self-supporting.Fed by the Shipping energy and fresh water, there is the problems such as transporting high cost, supply is unstable.Sea The development of water desalination technology and commercial Application, existing semicentennial history, are formd with multistage flash evaporation, counter-infiltration during this period With the industrial technology that multiple-effect evaporation is main representative.Expert it is believed that three, 40 years from now in commercial Application, Reng Jiangshi Based on this three technology.
External most of seawater desalting plant is built in together with power plant, and this is current large-scale Seawater Desalination Project Main construction mode.Water-electricity cogeneration is primarily referred to as desalinization water and electric power co alliance.Because desalinization cost is very big Consumption electric power and the cost of steam are depended in degree, water-electricity cogeneration can utilize steam and the electric power of power plant to be filled for desalinization Offer power is put, so as to realize that high efficiency of energy utilizes and reduced desalinization cost.But water-electricity cogeneration is extremely complex to be System engineering, for main processes, including sea water preprocessing, desalination (desalination), desalination water post processing etc., there is energy Optimum utilization need to solve with a series of problems, such as recovery, equipment antiscale and correct discharge of anti-corrosion and strong brine.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the power and water joint supply method using ammonia as fuel, to overcome in the prior art Energy source and power and above mentioned problem existing for water supply system.China is hydrazine yield and the most country of dosage in the world at present, Account for 1/3 of Gross World Product or so, thus China have excellent condition be done step-by-step turned to from existing fossil energy it is renewable The ammonia energy.
The present invention solves one of used technical scheme of its technical problem:
Power and water joint supply method, comprise the following steps:
By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, caused exhaust propulsion power part activity of burning, and collect Water in exhaust combustion chamber.
The method of the present invention can supply water while power is exported.Fired due to carbon-based fuel being not present in combustion chamber Burn, turn into N after ammonia burning2And H2O, therefore the system is without CO2 emission.Ammonia completely burned in a combustion chamber is controlled, water is received Pure water is can obtain in acquisition means.In exhaust channel ammonia burning generation water exist as water vapor, vapor via Temperature fall is condensate in exhaust channel, then via water collecting device centralized collection.
Wherein, it by water condensation is aqueous water or solid water that the method for the water in the collection exhaust combustion chamber, which is,.By cold The solidifying condensing rate that can accelerate vapor, lift the generation efficiency of liquid pure water.
Wherein, the step by liquid ammonia gasification for gaseous ammonia is also included before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion Suddenly, the liquid ammonia gasification is that cold caused by gaseous ammonia is used to the water condensation in exhaust combustion chamber be aqueous water or solid water.
The liquid ammonia, which passes through to become from liquid ammonia, turns to gaseous ammonia, and is aqueous water by the water vapor condensation in exhaust channel. Because the gasification latent heat of liquefied ammonia is higher (under -33.41 DEG C and 101.325kPa, gasification latent heat reaches 1371.18kJ/kg), can make Steam temperature significantly reduces, or even is reduced to below freezing, the higher ice of coproduction purity.
Among one embodiment:After the water in collecting exhaust combustion chamber also include nitrogen is collected the step of.Due to ammonia The product of combustion reaction is water and nitrogen in atmosphere, and water collecting device is located at the water collected on exhaust channel in exhaust, the combustion Burn nitrogen in the nitrogen and air of reaction generation and High Purity Nitrogen is collected as by nitrogen collection device in the lump.This method passes through with traditional Separate air and obtain the method for high-purity ammon compared to simple to operate, and energy expenditure can be significantly reduced.
Among one embodiment:It is gas also to include before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion by liquid ammonia gasification The step of state ammonia, cold caused by the liquid ammonia gasification is collected with outside cooling.Outside cooling is directed to the power and combines confession with water Cooling outside device or system that induction method is implemented.The cold can be used for supplying for air-conditioning equipment, refrigerating equipment or freezing equipment etc. It is cold.The embodiment is the technical scheme further utilized to gasification latent heat caused by liquid ammonia gasification (or cold).
The force piece connects generator to drive the generator to export electric energy, further realizes the connection of electric energy and pure water Symphysis is produced.
Among one embodiment:Also include before ammonia with air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion, amino moiety is decomposed and generated The step of hydrogen.Heat caused by the burning can provide reaction heat for amino moiety decomposition reaction.Heat in the exhaust can also be Amino moiety decomposition reaction provides reaction heat.
There is hydrogen by ammonia cracker energy decomposition unit liquid separation ammonia and generation, combustion is thought in ammonia cracker connection combustion chamber Burn room and the fuel for including hydrogen and ammonia is provided.Wherein:The burning-point of the hydrogen is less than the burning-point of ammonia, therefore hydrogen first burns in combustion chamber Heat release is to light the ammonia of combustion chamber, Hydrogen Energy accelerated combustion process, so as to improve the combustibility of ammonia fuel.Need not in the present embodiment Increase HC fuel, because increased HC fuel needs extra fuel storage, conveying and control system, system is tended to be multiple It is miscellaneous.
Furthermore, it is possible to increase heat exchanger and coordinate the exhaust of combustion chamber or combustion chamber, so that combustion chamber or combustion chamber Heat caused by exhaust imports reaction heat of the ammonia cracker to be provided for ammonia cracking reaction via heat exchanger.Ammonia cracking reaction is The endothermic reaction, ammonia cracker heat as caused by the exhaust of combustion chamber provide cracking reaction temperature, and extra without increase Heating energy source, improve the efficiency of energy utilization of the power and water joint supply device.
Compared with background technology, it has the following advantages that the technical program:
The power produces pure water or ice with water joint supply method while power is produced.Wherein, this method energy Decomposition unit liquid separation ammonia simultaneously generates and has hydrogen, Hydrogen Energy accelerated combustion process, so as to improve the combustibility of ammonia fuel, and will not be Other impurity are introduced in pure water or ice.Also, this method can be carried as heat caused by the exhaust of ammonia burning or ammonia burning For cracking reaction temperature, without increasing extra heating energy source.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is system diagram of the power with water joint supply method of embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is system diagram of the power with water joint supply method of embodiment two;
Fig. 3 is system diagram of the power with water joint supply method of embodiment three;
Fig. 4 is system diagram of the power with water joint supply method of example IV.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Power and water joint supply method, comprise the following steps:By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, combustion Exhaust propulsion power part activity caused by burning, and collect the water in exhaust combustion chamber.Power as shown in Figure 1 and water joint supply The implementation of method, including combustion chamber 1, ammonia feedway 2, force piece 3 and water collecting device 5, the ammonia feedway 2 can connect Combustion chamber 1 is connect so that ammonia is supplied into combustion chamber 1, the combustion chamber 1 also receives air supply, and the combustion chamber 1 connects force piece 3 to pass through Combustion chamber 1 is vented the activity of propulsion power part 3 caused by burning, and the combustion chamber 1 has exhaust channel 4, and the water collecting device 5 is located at On exhaust channel 4 and collect exhaust in water.
With water joint supply method by ammonia and air mixed combustion in combustion chamber 1, caused exhaust of burning pushes away the power The dynamic activity of force piece 3.Force piece 3 can be toggle or turbine mechanism, and force piece 3 drives generator 9 to export electric energy. The water during combustion chamber 1 is vented is collected simultaneously, it is possible to achieve supplies water while output power.The device be especially suitable for island, Electric power and drinking water joint supply under the environmental conditions such as offshore platform, naval vessel.Fired due to carbon-based fuel being not present in combustion chamber 1 Burn, turn into N after ammonia burning2And H2O, therefore the system is without CO2 emission.Ammonia completely burned in combustion chamber 1 is controlled, water is received Pure water is can obtain in acquisition means 5.The water of ammonia burning generation exists as water vapor in exhaust channel 4, vapor warp It is condensate in by Temperature fall in exhaust channel, then via the centralized collection of water collecting device 5.
In order to accelerate the condensing rate of vapor, the generation efficiency of liquid pure water is improved, may include in water collecting device 5 Condensing mechanism.Condensing mechanism can be heat pipe waste-heat recoverer, dividing wall type heat exchanger, heat regenerator, ceramic heat exchanger or Jet model mixing heating unit.Heat pipe waste-heat recoverer is changed using what the efficient heat transfer characteristic and its environmental suitability of heat pipe manufactured Thermal, its structure type are:Monoblock type, separate type or combined type.Dividing wall type heat exchanger heat exchanger can be:Cooling tower (or Claim cooling column), gas scrubbing tower (or scrubbing tower), injecting type heat exchanger, mixing condenser.
Embodiment 2:
Power and water joint supply method, comprise the following steps:By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, combustion Exhaust propulsion power part activity caused by burning, and collect the water in exhaust combustion chamber.Wherein, the water in the collection exhaust combustion chamber Method be by water condensation be aqueous water or solid water.The condensing rate of vapor can be accelerated by condensation, it is pure to lift liquid The generation efficiency of water purification.It is gaseous ammonia also to include liquid ammonia gasification before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion Step, the liquid ammonia gasification are that cold caused by gaseous ammonia is used to the water condensation in exhaust combustion chamber be aqueous water or solid-state Water.Power as shown in Figure 2 and the implementation of water joint supply method, including combustion chamber 1, ammonia feedway 2, force piece 3 With water collecting device 5, the ammonia feedway 2 can connect combustion chamber 1 so that ammonia is supplied into combustion chamber 1, and the combustion chamber 1 also receives air Supply, the combustion chamber 1 connect force piece 3 with the activity of exhaust propulsion power part 3 caused by being burnt by combustion chamber 1, the combustion chamber 1 With exhaust channel 4, the water collecting device 5 is located on exhaust channel 4 and collects the water in exhaust.Force piece 3 can be crank Linkage or turbine mechanism.If force piece 3 selects turbine mechanism, gas turbine can be formed with compressor coaxial cooperation.
In the present embodiment, the ammonia of the ammonia feedway 2 supply be liquid ammonia, the liquid ammonia pass through the condensing mechanism 5 and from Liquid ammonia, which becomes, turns to gaseous ammonia, and because the gasification latent heat of liquefied ammonia is higher, (under -33.41 DEG C and 101.325kPa, gasification latent heat reaches 1371.18kJ/kg), steam temperature can be significantly reduced, and is aqueous water by the water vapor condensation in exhaust channel 4.It can enter One step increases the heat exchange amount of liquefied ammonia, the temperature of water be reduced to it is below freezing, with the higher ice of coproduction purity.
Embodiment 3:
Power and water joint supply method, comprise the following steps:By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, combustion Exhaust propulsion power part activity caused by burning, and collect the water in exhaust combustion chamber.Power as shown in Figure 3 and water joint supply The implementation of method, including combustion chamber 1, ammonia feedway 2, force piece 3, water collecting device 5 and ammonia cracker 6, the ammonia Feedway 2 connects ammonia cracker 6 to provide ammonia for ammonia cracker 6, and the ammonia cracker 6, which decomposes ammonia and generated, hydrogen Gas, the ammonia cracker 6 connect combustion chamber to include the fuel of hydrogen for the offer of combustion chamber 1.The combustion chamber 1 also receives air Supply, the combustion chamber 1 connects force piece 3, and to be burnt by combustion chamber 1, caused exhaust propulsion power part 3 is movable, and force piece 3 drives Dynamic generator 9 exports electric energy.The combustion chamber 1 has exhaust channel 4, and the water collecting device 5 is located on exhaust channel 4 and the row of collection Water in gas.
Also include before ammonia with air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion, amino moiety is decomposed into the step of generating hydrogen.Should Heat caused by burning can provide reaction heat for amino moiety decomposition reaction.Heat in the exhaust can also be amino moiety decomposition reaction Reaction heat is provided.By ammonia cracker energy decomposition unit liquid separation ammonia and generate have hydrogen, the ammonia cracker connect combustion chamber with The fuel for including hydrogen and ammonia is provided for combustion chamber.The ammonia cracker 6 decomposition unit liquid separation ammonia and can generate and have hydrogen, the ammonia Cracker 6 connects combustion chamber 1 to include the fuel of hydrogen and ammonia for the offer of combustion chamber 1.Wherein:The burning-point of the hydrogen is less than ammonia Burning-point, therefore hydrogen in combustion chamber first combustion heat release to light the ammonia of combustion chamber 1, Hydrogen Energy accelerated combustion process, so as to improve ammonia The combustibility of fuel.HC fuel need not be increased in the present embodiment, because increased HC fuel need extra fuel storage, Conveying and control system, system is set to tend to be complicated.
After the water in collecting exhaust combustion chamber also include nitrogen is collected the step of.Among the present embodiment:The power Also include nitrogen collection device 7 with the implementation of water joint supply method, the nitrogen collection device 7 connect exhaust channel 4 with Collect nitrogen.Because the product of ammonia combustion reaction in atmosphere is water and nitrogen, water collecting device 5 is located on exhaust channel 4 and received Collect the water in exhaust, nitrogen is collected as High Purity Nitrogen by nitrogen collection device 7 in the lump in the nitrogen and air of combustion reaction generation.
Embodiment 4:
Power and water joint supply method, comprise the following steps:By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, combustion Exhaust propulsion power part activity caused by burning, and collect the water in exhaust combustion chamber.The force piece connects generator to drive this Generator exports electric energy, further realizes the Joint Production of electric energy and pure water.Power as shown in Figure 4 and water joint supply The implementation of method, including combustion chamber 1, ammonia feedway 2, force piece 3, exhaust channel 4, water collecting device 5, ammonia cracking dress Put 6 and heat exchanger 7.The ammonia feedway 2 connection ammonia cracker 6 is with for the offer ammonia of ammonia cracker 6, the ammonia cracker 6 decomposition ammonia simultaneously generate and have hydrogen, and the ammonia cracker 6 connects combustion chamber and includes the fuel of hydrogen to be provided for combustion chamber 1.Should Combustion chamber 1 also receive air supply, the combustion chamber 1 connect force piece 3 with by combustion chamber 1 burn caused by exhaust propulsion power The activity of part 3, force piece 3 drive generator 9 to export electric energy.The combustion chamber 1 has exhaust channel 4, the row of being located at of water collecting device 5 On gas path 4 and collect exhaust in water.
The heat exchanger 7 coordinates the exhaust of combustion chamber, so that heat is via heat exchanger 7 caused by the exhaust of combustion chamber 1 Import ammonia 6 reaction heat to be provided for ammonia cracking reaction of cracker.Ammonia cracking reaction is the endothermic reaction, ammonia cracker 6 by Heat caused by the exhaust of combustion chamber 1 provides cracking reaction temperature, and need not increase extra heating energy source, and improving this should The efficiency of energy utilization of power and water joint supply device.
Under the catalytic action of ammonia catalyst for cracking, ammonia splits reaction temperature and is also required to remain more than 200 DEG C.Wherein, ammonia Catalyst for cracking can be the catalyst for being loaded with ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and/or iron.After the exhaust propulsion power part 3 of combustion chamber 1, enter Exhaust heat temperature in exhaust channel 4 still can reach 300-400 DEG C, can provide heat for ammonia cracking reaction, and need not Increase extra heating energy source.Due to being cracked by ammonia and hydrogen mixed combustion, ammonia cracker 6 in combustion chamber 1 by amino moiety For hydrogen, the temperature control in preferable ammonia cracker is at 200 DEG C -400 DEG C.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously Therefore the limitation of the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that come for one of ordinary skill in the art Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. power and water joint supply method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
By gaseous ammonia and air mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, caused exhaust propulsion power part activity of burning, and collect burning Water in the exhaust of room.
2. power according to claim 1 and water joint supply method, it is characterised in that:In the collection exhaust combustion chamber It by water condensation is aqueous water or solid water that the method for water, which is,.
3. power according to claim 1 and water joint supply method, it is characterised in that:
The step of before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion also including being gaseous ammonia by liquid ammonia gasification, the liquefied ammonia Gasify and be used to the water condensation in exhaust combustion chamber be aqueous water or solid water for cold caused by gaseous ammonia.
4. power and water joint supply method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:
After the water in collecting exhaust combustion chamber also include nitrogen is collected the step of.
5. power and water joint supply method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:
The step of before gaseous ammonia and air in a combustion chamber mixed combustion also including being gaseous ammonia by liquid ammonia gasification, collecting should Cold caused by liquid ammonia gasification is with outside cooling.
6. power according to claim 5 and water joint supply method, it is characterised in that:The cold is used to set for air-conditioning Standby, refrigerating equipment or freezing equipment cooling.
7. power and water joint supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:The force piece connects Sending and receiving motor with drive the generator export electric energy.
8. power and water joint supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:In ammonia and air Also include before mixed combustion in a combustion chamber, amino moiety is decomposed into the step of generating hydrogen.
9. power according to claim 8 and water joint supply device, it is characterised in that:Heat is ammonia portion caused by the burning Decomposition reaction is divided to provide reaction heat.
10. power according to claim 8 and water joint supply device, it is characterised in that:Heat in the exhaust is ammonia portion Decomposition reaction is divided to provide reaction heat.
CN201710981096.8A 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Power and water joint supply method Pending CN107792329A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023032353A1 (en) * 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 三菱造船株式会社 Floating body
GB2619690A (en) * 2022-03-02 2023-12-20 Equinor Energy As Hydrocarbon production system with reduced carbon dioxide emission
GB2619689A (en) * 2022-03-02 2023-12-20 Equinor Energy As Hydrocarbon production system with reduced carbon dioxide emission

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0925830A (en) * 1995-07-10 1997-01-28 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Steam injection gas turbine system and its operation method
JP2001276822A (en) * 2000-04-03 2001-10-09 Ishigaki Co Ltd Drinking water producing device in ship
CN102505990A (en) * 2011-11-08 2012-06-20 上海交通大学 Power generation method of condensing double-working medium gas turbine circulation system
CN102859170A (en) * 2010-04-28 2013-01-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine
CN107100736A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-08-29 厦门大学 Combustion turbine combined system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0925830A (en) * 1995-07-10 1997-01-28 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Steam injection gas turbine system and its operation method
JP2001276822A (en) * 2000-04-03 2001-10-09 Ishigaki Co Ltd Drinking water producing device in ship
CN102859170A (en) * 2010-04-28 2013-01-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine
CN102505990A (en) * 2011-11-08 2012-06-20 上海交通大学 Power generation method of condensing double-working medium gas turbine circulation system
CN107100736A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-08-29 厦门大学 Combustion turbine combined system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023032353A1 (en) * 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 三菱造船株式会社 Floating body
GB2619690A (en) * 2022-03-02 2023-12-20 Equinor Energy As Hydrocarbon production system with reduced carbon dioxide emission
GB2619689A (en) * 2022-03-02 2023-12-20 Equinor Energy As Hydrocarbon production system with reduced carbon dioxide emission

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Application publication date: 20180313