WO2021093604A1 - 一种3d打印机喷头及具有其的3d打印机 - Google Patents
一种3d打印机喷头及具有其的3d打印机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021093604A1 WO2021093604A1 PCT/CN2020/125170 CN2020125170W WO2021093604A1 WO 2021093604 A1 WO2021093604 A1 WO 2021093604A1 CN 2020125170 W CN2020125170 W CN 2020125170W WO 2021093604 A1 WO2021093604 A1 WO 2021093604A1
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- nozzle
- inner layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printer nozzle and a 3D printer with the nozzle.
- 3D printing technology which is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, is based on a digital model file, using powdered metal or plastic and other bondable materials to construct objects by printing layer by layer.
- 3D printing is the same as laser forming technology, using layered processing and overlay molding to complete 3D solid printing.
- the existing technical solution is to provide a mechanical extrusion structure at the nozzle of the printer to squeeze and deform the solidified printing material to loosen it and fall off from the inner wall of the nozzle. When the printing material is recovered, it will be retracted into the feeding tube. . But the above structure is more complicated.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for a 3D printer, which ensures that the printing material solidified in the nozzle is easy to fall off and avoids clogging of the printing nozzle.
- a nozzle of a 3D printer has a double-layer structure and includes an inner layer and an outer layer.
- the expansion coefficient of the inner layer material is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer material.
- a 3D printer nozzle includes a feed tube and a nozzle, the feed tube and the nozzle are in conduction, a heating device is sleeved on the outer tube wall of the feed tube, and the nozzle has a double-layer structure, including In the inner layer and the outer layer, the expansion coefficient of the inner layer material is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer material.
- the working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are: after the printing is finished, when the printing material of the nozzle cools down sharply, it solidifies instantly; while the nozzle has a two-layer structure, the expansion coefficient of the inner layer material is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer material, so that the inner layer The deformation due to the cooling is greater than the deformation of the outer layer, so that the nozzle produces a squeezing force on the solidified printing material, thereby loosening the solidified printing material and the inner wall of the inner layer. When the printing material is recovered, it will be retracted into the feeding tube together. After this kind of printing is finished, the nozzle automatically squeezes the solidified printing material without adding additional mechanisms and control parts, and the structure is simple.
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- a gap is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that since there is a gap between the inner layer and the outer layer, when the high-temperature printing material flows through the nozzle, the temperature of the inner layer of the nozzle will be very high. Because the outer layer and the inner layer are in direct contact, The temperature of the outer layer is lower; at the same time, because the coefficient of thermal expansion of the inner layer is larger and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the outer layer is smaller, the inner layer will expand and bend more outward at the nozzle nozzle, thereby ensuring that the nozzle is cooled When the back inner layer returns to its original shape, a relatively large squeezing force is generated, which can easily cause the cooled and solidified printing material to fall off from the inner tube wall.
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- the ratio of the thickness of the inner layer to the thickness of the outer layer is between 3:1 and 4:1.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is: because the inner layer is thicker, the squeezing force generated by thermal expansion and cold contraction is larger, and the squeezing effect on the solidified printing material is improved.
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- a concave-convex structure is provided on the opposite surface of the inner layer and the outer layer.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that a concave-convex structure is provided on the inner surface of the inner layer.
- the inner layer of the nozzle is deformed to the outer layer due to the concave-convex structure provided on the inner surface of the inner layer.
- the inner layer deformation receives less reaction force and is easier to deform; larger deformation can ensure that when the printing material cools, the inner layer has a greater effect on the solidified printing material, so as to promote the solidified printing material and the inner layer to fall off .
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- the concave-convex structure is sawtooth-shaped.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the zigzag-shaped concave-convex structure can effectively reduce the reaction force of the inner layer received by the heating deformation on the basis of not affecting the rigidity of the inner layer.
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- the depth of the saw teeth is between 1/3 to 1/2 of the thickness of the inner layer.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is: for the setting of the depth of the saw teeth, the depth of the saw teeth is between 1/3 to 1/2 of the thickness of the inner layer, while ensuring that the inner layer produces sufficient deformation during the heating process, During the cooling process, because the inner layer is thick enough, enough pressure can be generated to push the solidified printing material to fall off from the inner layer.
- the present invention can also be improved as follows.
- a heating wire is provided in the inner layer, the heating wire is electrically connected with a power supply device, an electronic pressure switch is electrically connected between the heating wire and the power supply device, and the electronic pressure switch is embedded in the inner layer, When the inner layer is deformed, the electronic pressure switch senses that the pressure increases, the electronic pressure switch is turned on, and the heating wire generates heat.
- the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is: by providing a heating wire in the inner layer, and when the electronic pressure switch senses that the pressure becomes larger, the heating wire generates heat; when the printing material passes through the nozzle, the temperature becomes higher. , The inner layer is bent and deformed.
- the electronic pressure switch embedded in the inner layer senses that the pressure becomes larger, the heating wire will generate heat, which can assist in heating the printing material at the nozzle to ensure the heating effect of the printing material; at the same time, when printing At the end, the printer stops heating the printing material, but as the inner layer is recovering from deformation, the electronic pressure switch embedded in the inner layer senses that the pressure will increase, so that the cooling of the printing material at the nozzle can be continued.
- Auxiliary heating can further prevent the printing material from sticking to the inner layer; ensure that the printing material is smoothly retracted into the feeding tube when the printing material is recycled.
- the present invention also provides a 3D printer, which includes the above-mentioned printer nozzle.
- the beneficial effects of the 3D printer of the present invention are: after the printing of the 3D printer of the present invention, when the printing material of the nozzle cools down sharply, it solidifies instantly; and the nozzle has a two-layer structure, and the expansion coefficient of the inner layer material is greater than that of the outer layer material. In this way, the deformation of the inner layer due to cooling is greater than the deformation of the outer layer, so that the nozzle produces a pressing force on the solidified printing material, so that the solidified printing material and the inner wall of the inner layer become loose. When the printing material is recycled, it will shrink together. In the feeding tube, after the printing is completed, the nozzle automatically squeezes the solidified printing material, without adding additional mechanisms and control parts, and the structure is simple.
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the nozzle of the 3D printer of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the working state of the heated printing material contained in the nozzle of the first embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a working state where the heated printing material is contained in the nozzle of the second embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention
- Figure 6 is a third cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a working state where the heated printing material is contained in the nozzle of the third embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention.
- Feeding pipe 2. Nozzle, 21, inner layer, 22, outer layer, 23, concave-convex structure, 3. heating device, 4. heating wire, 5. electronic pressure switch, 6. support.
- FIG. 1 for a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the nozzle of the 3D printer of the present invention.
- a 3D printer nozzle includes a feed tube 1 and a nozzle 2.
- the feed tube 1 and the nozzle 2 are in conduction.
- the outer tube wall of the feed tube 1 is sheathed with a heating device 3.
- the nozzle 2 has a double-layer structure and includes an inner tube.
- the expansion coefficient of the material of the inner layer 21 and the outer layer 22 is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer 22 material.
- a bracket 6 is provided on the outside of the feed pipe 1 for fixing the spray head.
- the expansion coefficient of the inner layer 21 material is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer 22 material, so that the inner layer 21 deforms more than that due to the cooling
- the deformation of the outer layer 22 causes the nozzle 2 to exert a pressing force on the solidified printing material, thereby loosening the solidified printing material and the inner wall of the inner layer 21.
- the nozzle automatically squeezes the solidified printing material without adding additional mechanisms and control components, and the structure is simple.
- a heating device 3 is sleeved on the outer tube wall of the feeding tube 1 to ensure that the printing material is heated in front of the nozzle, so as to improve the plasticity of the printing material and ensure the printing effect.
- the heating device 3 is heated and controlled by a power supply device and a control device (not shown in the drawings of the embodiment).
- the printer nozzle may be connected to the printing material conveying device through a thread or the like.
- the nozzle 2 has a double-layer structure, including an inner layer 21 and an outer layer 22.
- the expansion coefficient of the inner layer 21 material is greater than that of the outer layer 22 material.
- the deformation of the material in the inner layer 21 of the nozzle is greater than the deformation of the material in the outer layer 22 of the nozzle.
- the printer stops heating the printing material, but as the nozzle is recovering from deformation, it can squeeze the cooled printing material at the nozzle to avoid the adhesion of the printing material and the inner wall of the nozzle to ensure The printing material is separated from the inner wall of the nozzle; when the printing material is recovered, the printing material is smoothly retracted into the feeding tube.
- a gap is provided between the inner layer 21 and the outer layer 22.
- the temperature of the inner layer 21 of the nozzle will be very high. Because the outer layer 22 and the inner layer 21 are in direct contact, the outer layer 21 At the same time, because the coefficient of thermal expansion of the inner layer 21 is larger and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the outer layer 22 is smaller, the inner layer 21 will expand outwardly at the nozzle of the nozzle with greater bending deformation (as shown in Figure 5).
- the coefficient of expansion of the inner layer 21 and the outer layer material can be selected between 8-15 times, which can ensure a better change effect.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the inner layer 21 is selected as 22.3x10-6. /°C, for example, the thermal expansion coefficient of the outer layer 22 is smaller, and the choice is: 2.2x10-6/°C. It can ensure the deformation range of the nozzle.
- a heating wire 4 is provided in the inner layer 21, the heating wire 4 is electrically connected to a power supply device, and an electronic pressure switch 5 and an electronic pressure switch 5 are electrically connected between the heating wire 4 and the power supply device.
- the electronic pressure switch 5 senses that the pressure increases, the electronic pressure switch 5 is turned on, and the heating wire 4 generates heat.
- the heating wire 4 is provided in the inner layer 21, and when the electronic pressure switch 5 senses that the pressure becomes larger, the heating wire 4 generates heat; when the printing material passes through the nozzle, the inner layer 21 bends and deforms due to the higher temperature.
- the electronic pressure switch 5 in the inner layer 21 senses that the pressure increases, the heating wire 4 generates heat, which can assist in heating the printing material at the nozzle to ensure the heating effect of the printing material; at the same time, the printer stops at the end of printing Heats the printing material, but as the inner layer 21 is recovering from deformation, the electronic pressure switch 5 embedded in the inner layer 21 senses that the pressure will increase, so that the cooling printing material at the nozzle can be continuously and auxiliary heating , To further prevent the printing material from sticking to the inner layer 21; to ensure that the printing material is smoothly retracted into the feeding tube when the printing material is recycled.
- the third embodiment of the nozzle of the present invention is a cross-sectional view of the working state where the heated printing material is contained in the nozzle, as shown in FIG. 7, that is, when the printing material passes through the nozzle, the nozzle mouth is bent and deformed outward.
- the ratio of the thickness of the inner layer 21 to the thickness of the outer layer 22 is arbitrarily selected between 3:1 and 4:1.
- the squeezing force generated by thermal expansion and cold contraction is larger, and the squeezing effect on the cured printing material is improved.
- the surface of the inner layer 21 opposite to the outer layer 22 is provided with a concave-convex structure 23, which is not as good as a zigzag structure.
- a zigzag structure 23 is provided on the inner surface of the inner layer 21.
- the inner layer 21 of the nozzle is deformed to the outer layer 22, because the inner surface of the inner layer 21 is provided with the uneven structure 23.
- the inner layer 21 receives less reaction force from deformation and is easier to deform; larger deformation can ensure that when the printing material cools, the inner layer 21 has a greater effect on the solidified printing material, so as to promote the solidified printing material and the inner The layer 21 falls off.
- the depth of the saw teeth is set to be between 1/3 to 1/2 of the thickness of the inner layer 21, which ensures that the inner layer 21 is deformed sufficiently during the heating process, while cooling During the process, because the inner layer is thick enough, enough pressure can be generated to push the cured printing material to fall off the inner layer 21.
- the power of the heating wire 4 can be automatically adjusted according to the magnitude of the pressure sensed by the electronic pressure switch 5, for example, as the pressure increases, the heating power becomes larger. In this way, after the printing is finished, when the temperature of the printing material of the nozzle 2 drops sharply, it solidifies instantly. At this time, the electronic pressure switch 5 senses the maximum pressure, and the power of the heating wire 4 is also the maximum, so the printing material of the nozzle will not solidify. Further ensure the recycling effect of printed materials.
- the embodiment of the present invention also provides a 3D printer, and the printer includes the above-mentioned printer nozzle.
- the nozzle 2 After the 3D printer finishes printing, when the temperature of the printing material of the nozzle 2 drops sharply, it solidifies instantly; while the nozzle 2 has a two-layer structure, the expansion coefficient of the inner layer 21 material is greater than the expansion coefficient of the outer layer 22 material, so the inner layer 21 is caused by the cooling The deformation is greater than that of the outer layer 22, so that the nozzle 2 generates a pressing force on the solidified printing material, thereby loosening the solidified printing material and the inner wall of the inner layer 21. When the printing material is recovered, it will be retracted into the feeding tube together. After this kind of printing is finished, the nozzle automatically squeezes the solidified printing material without adding additional mechanisms and control parts, and the structure is simple.
- the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
- installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
- the "on" or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the first and second features. Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
- the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
- the "below”, “below” and “below” the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.
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Abstract
一种3D打印机喷头及具有其的打印机,包括进料管(1)和喷嘴(2),进料管(1)和喷嘴(2)导通,进料管(1)的外管壁上套设有加热装置(3),喷嘴(2)为双层结构,包括内层(21)和外层(22),内层(21)材料的膨胀系数大于外层(22)材料的膨胀系数。在打印结束后,当喷嘴(2)的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化;而喷嘴(2)为双层结构,内层(21)材料的膨胀系数大于外层(22)材料的膨胀系数,这样内层(21)由于降温而变形大于外层(22)的变形,使得喷嘴(2)对固化的打印材料产生挤压力,从而使固化的打印材料与内层(21)的内壁松动,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管(1)内,这种打印结束后,喷嘴(2)自动挤压固化的打印材料,不需要增加额外的机构和控制部件,结构简单。
Description
本申请要求于2019年11月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911100191.8、发明名称为“一种3D打印机喷头及具有其的3D打印机”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及3D打印领域,具体涉及一种3D打印机喷头及具有其的3D打印机。
3D打印技术(3D printing),即快速成形技术的一种,它是一种数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。过去其常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型,现正逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造。特别是一些高价值应用(比如髓关节或牙齿,或一些飞机零部件)已经有使用这种技术打印集成的零部件。3D打印与激光成型技术一样,采用了分层加工、叠加成型未完成3D实体打印。
但是,在采用3D打印技术进行橡胶材料的制造时,由于采用的橡胶材料的熔化后,其流动性能较差,导致打印效果不佳,而且当橡胶材料的温度降低后,会在非常短的时间内固化,更容易使喷嘴处堵塞。另外,喷头做回缩运动后,留存于喷头前部的橡胶容易固化,导致后续再进行挤出橡胶时存在阻碍。
现有的技术方案是在打印机的喷嘴处设置机械挤压结构,来对固化的打印材料进行挤压变形使其松动并与喷嘴内壁脱落,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管内。但上述结构较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提供一种3D打印机喷头,确保在喷嘴固化的打印材料容易脱落,避免打印喷嘴堵塞。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种3D打印机的喷嘴,所述喷嘴为双层结构,包括内层和外层,所述内层材料的膨胀系数大于所述外层材料的膨胀系数。
一种3D打印机喷头,包括进料管和喷嘴,所述进料管和所述喷嘴导通,所述进料管的外管壁上套设有加热装置,所述喷嘴为双层结构,包括内层和外层,所述内层材料的膨胀系数大于所述外层材料的膨胀系数。
本发明的工作原理及有益效果是:在打印结束后,当喷嘴的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化;而喷嘴为双层结构,内层材料的膨胀系数大于外层材料的膨胀系数,这样内层由于降温而变形大于外层的变形,使得喷嘴对固化的打印材料产生挤压力,从而使固化的打印材料与内层的内壁松动,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管内,这种打印结束后,喷嘴自动挤压固化的打印材料,不需要增加额外的机构和控制部件,结构简单。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述内层和所述外层之间设有间隙。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:由于内层和外层之间设有间隙,当高温打印材料流经喷嘴时,喷嘴的内层温度会很高,由于,外层和内层部直接接触,其外层的温度较低;同时,由于内层的热膨胀系数较大和外层的热膨胀系数较小,这样内层就会在喷嘴的管口处向外膨胀弯曲变形较大,进而确保在喷嘴冷却后内层恢复原状时产生较大的挤压力,很容易使冷却固化的打印材料与内层管壁脱落。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述内层的厚度与所述外层的厚度比例为3:1至4:1之间。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:由于内层较厚,热膨胀和冷收缩产生的挤压力较大,提高对固化的打印材料的挤压效果。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,在所述内层与所述外层相对的面上设置有凹凸结构。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:在内层的内表面上设置凹凸结构,在喷嘴流过加热的打印材料时,喷嘴内层向外层变形过程中,由于内层的内表面上设置凹凸结构,内层变形受到的反作用力较小,比较容易变形;较大的变形可以确保当打印材料冷却时,内层对固化的打印材料的较大作用了,以推动固化的打印材料与内层脱落。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述凹凸结构为锯齿状。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:锯齿状的凹凸结构,在不影响内层刚性的而基础上,可以有效减小内层收到加热变形受到的反作用力。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述锯齿的深度为所述内层厚度的1/3至1/2之间。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:对于锯齿深度的设置,将锯齿的深度为所述内层厚度的1/3至1/2之间,在确保内层在加热过程中产生足够的形变同时,在冷却的过程中因为内层足够的厚度,可以产生足够的压力以推动固化的打印材料与内层脱落。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述内层内设置有加热丝,所述加热丝电连接有电源装置,所述加热丝与所述电源装置之间电连接有电子压力开关,电子压力开关嵌设在内层内部,当所述内层变形时,所述电子压力开关感应到压力变大,所述电子压力开关导通,所述加热丝发热。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:通过在所述内层内设置有加热丝,并且在电子压力开关感应到压力变大时,所述加热丝发热;在打印材料经过喷嘴时,由于温度变高,内层弯曲变形,相嵌在内层内的电子压力开关感应到压力变大时,加热丝发热,这样可以对喷嘴处的打印材料进行辅助加热,确保打印材料的加热效果;同时,在打印结束时,打印机停止为打印材料加热,但是由于内层在恢复变形的过程中,相嵌在内层内的电子压力开关感应到压力会变大,这样可以对喷嘴处的冷却的打印材料进行持续辅助加热,进一步避免打印材料与内层粘连;确保在回收打印材料时,打印材料顺利回缩至进料管内。
本发明还提供一种3D打印机,所述打印机包括上述的打印机喷头。
本发明的3D打印机的有益效果是:本发明的3D打印机在打印结束后,当喷嘴的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化;而喷嘴为双层结构,内层材料的膨胀系数大于外层材料的膨胀系数,这样内层由于降温而变形大于外层的变形,使得喷嘴对固化的打印材料产生挤压力,从而使固化的打印材料与内层的内壁松动,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管内,这种打 印结束后,喷嘴自动挤压固化的打印材料,不需要增加额外的机构和控制部件,结构简单。
说明书附图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
图1是本发明3D打印机喷头实施例一剖视图;
图2是本发明喷嘴实施例一剖视图;
图3是本发明喷嘴实施例一喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图;
图4是本发明喷嘴实施例二剖视图;
图5是本发明喷嘴实施例二喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图;
图6是本发明喷嘴实施例三剖视图;
图7是本发明喷嘴实施例三喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图。
附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:
1、进料管,2、喷嘴,21、内层,22、外层,23、凹凸结构,3、加热装置,4、加热丝,5、电子压力开关,6、支架。
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中技术方案进行详细的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例;基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明3D打印机喷头实施例一剖视图参见图1。
一种3D打印机喷头,包括进料管1和喷嘴2,进料管1和喷嘴2导通,进料管1的外管壁上套设有加热装置3,喷嘴2为双层结构,包括内层21和外层22,内层21材料的膨胀系数大于外层22材料的膨胀系数。其中,在进料管1的外侧设置有支架6用于固定喷头。
在打印结束后,当喷嘴2的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化;而喷嘴2为双层结构,内层21材料的膨胀系数大于外层22材料的膨胀系数,这样 内层21由于降温而变形大于外层22的变形,使得喷嘴2对固化的打印材料产生挤压力,从而使固化的打印材料与内层21的内壁松动,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管内,这种打印结束后,喷嘴自动挤压固化的打印材料,不需要增加额外的机构和控制部件,结构简单。
同时,进料管1的外管壁上套设有加热装置3,确保打印材料在喷嘴前处于加热状态,提高打印材料的塑性,确保打印效果。加热装置3通过电源装置和控制装置进行加热和控制(实施例附图中未示出)。
在具体实施例中,打印机喷头可以通过螺纹等方式与输送打印材料装置连接。
本发明喷嘴实施例一剖视图参见图2,即喷嘴2为双层结构,包括内层21和外层22,内层21材料的膨胀系数大于外层22材料的膨胀系数。在高温打印材料通过喷嘴时,喷嘴的内层21材料的变形大于喷嘴外层22的材料变形,会发生变形即是向外扩张(如图3所示,即是喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图),在打印结束时,打印机停止为打印材料加热,但是由于喷嘴在恢复变形的过程中,可以对喷嘴处的冷却的打印材料进行挤压,避免打印材料与喷嘴内壁粘连,确保打印材料与喷嘴内壁脱离;在回收打印材料时,打印材料顺利回缩至进料管内。
本发明喷嘴实施例二剖视图参见图4,内层21和外层22之间设有间隙。
由于内层21和外层22之间设有间隙,当高温打印材料流经喷嘴时,喷嘴的内层21温度会很高,由于,外层22和内层21部直接接触,其外层21的温度较低;同时,由于内层21的热膨胀系数较大和外层22的热膨胀系数较小,这样内层21就会在喷嘴的管口处向外膨胀弯曲变形较大(如图5所示,即是喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图),进而确保在喷嘴冷却后内层21恢复原状时产生较大的挤压力,很容易使冷却固化的打印材料与内层21管壁脱落。
在具体实施例中,内层21和外层材料的膨胀系数选择可以为8-15倍之间,可以确保较好的变化效果,比如内层21的热膨胀系数较大选择为:22.3x10-6/℃,比如外层22的热膨胀系数较小选择为:2.2x10-6/℃。可 以确保喷嘴的变形幅度。
本发明喷嘴实施例三剖视图参见图6,内层21内设置有加热丝4,加热丝4电连接有电源装置,加热丝4与电源装置之间电连接有电子压力开关5,电子压力开关5嵌设在内层21内部,当内层21变形时,电子压力开关5感应到压力变大,电子压力开关5导通,加热丝4发热。
通过在内层21内设置有加热丝4,并且在电子压力开关5感应到压力变大时,加热丝4发热;在打印材料经过喷嘴时,由于温度变高,内层21弯曲变形,相嵌在内层21内的电子压力开关5感应到压力变大时,加热丝4发热,这样可以对喷嘴处的打印材料进行辅助加热,确保打印材料的加热效果;同时,在打印结束时,打印机停止为打印材料加热,但是由于内层21在恢复变形的过程中,相嵌在内层21内的电子压力开关5感应到压力会变大,这样可以对喷嘴处的冷却的打印材料进行持续辅助加热,进一步避免打印材料与内层21粘连;确保在回收打印材料时,打印材料顺利回缩至进料管内。
本发明喷嘴实施例三喷嘴处容有加热后的打印材料工作状态剖视图参见图7,即是打印材料通过喷嘴时,喷嘴嘴口向外弯曲变形。
在具体实施例中,内层21的厚度与外层22的厚度比例为3:1至4:1之间进行任意选择。
通过选择适当的厚度差值,热膨胀和冷收缩产生的挤压力较大,提高对固化的打印材料的挤压效果。
在具体实施例中,在内层21与外层22相对的面上设置有凹凸结构23,不如设置为锯齿状等。
在内层21的内表面上设置凹凸结构23的锯齿状,在喷嘴流过加热的打印材料时,喷嘴内层21向外层22变形过程中,由于内层21的内表面上设置凹凸结构23,内层21变形受到的反作用力较小,比较容易变形;较大的变形可以确保当打印材料冷却时,内层21对固化的打印材料的较大作用了,以推动固化的打印材料与内层21脱落。
同时,在具体实施例中,锯齿深度的设置,将锯齿的深度为内层21厚度的1/3至1/2之间,在确保内层21在加热过程中产生足够的形变同 时,在冷却的过程中因为内层足够的厚度,可以产生足够的压力以推动固化的打印材料与内层21脱落。
在具体实施例中,可以将根据电子压力开关5感应到压的大小对加热丝4的功率进行自动调整,比如,随着压力的增大,加热的功率变大。这样,当在打印结束后,当喷嘴2的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化,由于此时;电子压力开关5感应到压最大,加热丝4的功率也为最大,喷嘴的打印材料不会固化,进一步确保打印材料的回收效果。
本发明实施例还提供一种3D打印机,打印机包括上述的打印机喷头。
3D打印机在打印结束后,当喷嘴2的打印材料急剧降温,瞬间固化;而喷嘴2为双层结构,内层21材料的膨胀系数大于外层22材料的膨胀系数,这样内层21由于降温而变形大于外层22的变形,使得喷嘴2对固化的打印材料产生挤压力,从而使固化的打印材料与内层21的内壁松动,在回收打印材料时,一并回缩至进料管内,这种打印结束后,喷嘴自动挤压固化的打印材料,不需要增加额外的机构和控制部件,结构简单。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触,也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正 上方和斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。
Claims (10)
- 一种3D打印机喷头,包括进料管(1)和喷嘴(2),所述进料管(1)和所述喷嘴(2)导通,所述进料管(1)的外管壁上套设有加热装置(3),其特征在于,所述喷嘴(2)为双层结构,包括内层(21)和外层(22),所述内层(21)材料的膨胀系数大于所述外层(22)材料的膨胀系数。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述内层(21)和所述外层(22)之间设有间隙。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述内层(21)的厚度与所述外层(22)的厚度比例为3:1至4:1之间。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:在所述内层(21)与所述外层(22)相对的面上设置有凹凸结构(23)。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述凹凸结构(23)为锯齿状。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述锯齿的深度为所述内层(21)厚度的1/3至1/2之间。
- 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种3D打印机喷头,其特征在于:所述内层(21)内设置有加热丝(4),所述加热丝(4)电连接有电源装置,所述加热丝(4)与所述电源装置之间电连接有电子压力开关(5),电子压力开关(5)嵌设在内层(21)内部,当所述内层(21)变形时,所述电子压力开关(5)感应到压力变大,所述电子压力开关(5)导通,所述加热丝(4)发热。
- 一种3D打印机,其特征在于:所述打印机包括如权利要求1至7所述的打印机喷头。
- 一种3D打印机的喷嘴,其特征在于,所述喷嘴为双层结构,包括内层(21)和外层(22),所述内层(21)材料的膨胀系数大于所述外层(22)材料的膨胀系数。
- 根据权利要求9所述的3D打印机的喷嘴,其特征在于,所述内层(21)材料的膨胀系数与所述外层(22)材料的膨胀系数之比为8~15。
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