WO2021089916A1 - Method and apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide and use of the method - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide and use of the method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021089916A1
WO2021089916A1 PCT/FI2020/050722 FI2020050722W WO2021089916A1 WO 2021089916 A1 WO2021089916 A1 WO 2021089916A1 FI 2020050722 W FI2020050722 W FI 2020050722W WO 2021089916 A1 WO2021089916 A1 WO 2021089916A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
air
sorbent material
recovery device
recovery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2020/050722
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ari Piispanen
Petri Laakso
Cyril BAJAMUNDI
Original Assignee
Soletair Power Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soletair Power Oy filed Critical Soletair Power Oy
Priority to EP20885095.8A priority Critical patent/EP4054741A4/en
Publication of WO2021089916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021089916A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B01D53/0476—Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/73—After-treatment of removed components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
    • B01D2259/40094—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by applying microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method defined in claim 1 and to an apparatus defined in claim 11 for recovering carbon dioxide, and to the use of the meth od as defined in claim 16.
  • An object of the invention is to disclose a new type of method for recovering carbon dioxide.
  • an object of the invention is to disclose a new type of apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide.
  • an object of the invention is to speed up the collecting of carbon dioxide from a sorbent mate- rial, and reduce energy during collecting.
  • an object of the invention is to disclose a method and an apparatus for cleaning the air of a building or a property.
  • an object of the invention is to provide purer carbon dioxide for fur- ther utilization.
  • Carbon dioxide is captured directly from air by means of a recovery device in which the carbon di oxide is adsorbed from the air to a sorbent material and is recovered by releasing it from the sorbent ma terial.
  • air e.g. air of a building or a property
  • a carbon dioxide recovery device in which car bon dioxide is adsorbed from the air to a sorbent ma terial for cleaning the air in an adsorption stage.
  • Vacuum conditions are arranged into the recovery de vice in a vacuum formation stage after the feeding of air through the recovery device has been stopped.
  • carbon dioxide e.g.
  • the circulated carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide which may contain released water vapor functions as a heat-transfer agent for releasing carbon dioxide from the sorbent material, i.e. for the desorption of car bon dioxide.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one recovery device including a sorbent material through which air is conducted and in which carbon dioxide is adsorbed from the air to the sorbent material, at least one vacuum formation device for arranging vacuum condi tions into the recovery device after feeding of the air through the recovery device has been stopped, at least one carbon dioxide feeding device for feeding carbon dioxide to the recovery device and through the sorbent material, at least one microwave source for heating the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water pos sibly included in the sorbent material by means of mi crowaves in the recovery device, at least one circu lating device for circulating the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material in the recovery device, such as from the outlet of the recovery device back to the inlet of the recovery de vice, and at least one collecting device for recover ing carbon dioxide released from the
  • the apparatus comprises at least one air feeding device for conducting air to the carbon dioxide recovery device, e.g. from a building or a property to the recovery device, for removing carbon dioxide from the air.
  • any separating or re covery device which is known per se may be used, in which separating or recovery device the recovery or separation of carbon dioxide from air is based on an adsorption method.
  • the air is conducted through the recovery device. If necessary, the air may be fed to and/or through the recovery device by means of a suit able feeding device.
  • the carbon dioxide recovery device is a DAC (direct air capture) device.
  • the DAC device refers to a device by means of which carbon di oxide may be removed directly from air.
  • the DAC device used comprises a sorbent material for adsorbing carbon dioxide to said material.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one DAC device as the recovery device. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises more than one DAC device.
  • any sorbent material which is suited for the in tended use may be used.
  • the sorbent material is an organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent.
  • the sorbent material is an organic- inorganic hybrid sorbent which contains amines on po rous adsorbent carriers.
  • the sorbent material used is a metal-organic framework (MOF).
  • MOF metal-organic framework
  • the sorbent material is selected so as to be suitable for the DAC device.
  • the sorbent material may be arranged inside the recov ery device as at least one bed or layer or as more than one bed or layer, or in one embodiment the recov ery device may be filled with the sorbent material.
  • the duration of the adsorption stage for ad sorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material may vary, for example depending on the conditions of the adsorption stage, the amount of carbon dioxide in air and the recovery device used. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is determined so as to have a desired length. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is determined based on a desired time. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is selected according to when the ventilation system of the building or prop erty is in use or operates at least at normal power.
  • the adsorption stage for adsorbing car bon dioxide from air to the sorbent material lasts for 8 - 10 hours.
  • the temperature is 20 - 25 °C in the adsorption stage.
  • the pressure is approximately 1 bar in the adsorption stage.
  • water is separated or re moved from air in connection with the carbon dioxide adsorption stage. Thereby moisture may be removed from the air.
  • the vacuum may be formed into the recovery device by any device which is suited for the intended use, e.g. by a vacuum pump, a rotary vacuum pump, a constant volume flow rate vac uum pump or other suitable device.
  • the temperature is 20 - 25 °C in the vacuum formation stage.
  • the pressure is decreased in the vacuum formation stage such that the pressure is approximately 20 mbar or less than 20 mbar in the re covery device.
  • oxygen and/or nitrogen may be removed from the recovery de vice.
  • the sorbent material i.e. carbon dioxide and/or water in the sorbent mate rial
  • the temperature is raised such that the temperature is 60 - 90 °C in the recovery device.
  • the pressure is raised in the preheating stage such that the pressure is approximately 0.8- 1 bar in the recovery device.
  • the carbon dioxide fed to the recovery device may be high purity grade carbon dioxide or industrial grade carbon dioxide.
  • the carbon dioxide fed to the recovery device refers to carbon dioxide which consists of carbon dioxide and does not substantially contain other gases and which does not have significant amounts of impurities.
  • the carbon dioxide to be fed may be fed via a heating device to the recovery device. In that case the carbon dioxide to be fed may be preheated.
  • the apparatus co pris- es at least one heating device for heating carbon di oxide before conducting it to the recovery device.
  • any heating device or heater which is suited for the intended use may be used, such as a heating device external to the recovery device, e.g. a radiant heater, a heat pump, an electric gas heater, a solar thermal heater or other suitable heater.
  • carbon dioxide is fed in a preselected amount to the recovery device.
  • carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the pressure of the recovery de vice or the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be a preselected pressure.
  • carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be approximately 0.15 - 0.25 bar, in one embodi ment approximately 0.2 bar, in the recovery device.
  • the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the sorbent ma terial and/or water in the sorbent material may be heated.
  • the sorbent material contains water, the water is primarily heated by the effect of the microwaves, and carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material by the effect of the heat.
  • the sorbent material con tains water, preferably at least a minor amount of wa ter, whereby the water in the sorbent material is pri marily heated and carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material by the effect of the heat.
  • the sorbent material does not contain water, whereby the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the sorbent ma terial is heated. Due to the heating, the adsorbed carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material. The water on the surface is also heated and converted into water vapor, whereby it is desorbed from the sur face of the sorbent material and thus facilitates the releasing of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material.
  • the fed and/or circulated car bon dioxide is heated in the recovery device. The fed and/or circulated carbon dioxide and the water vapor facilitate the releasing of the adsorbed carbon diox ide from the sorbent material.
  • microwave source any microwave gener ating device which is suited for the intended use, for example a magnetron, may be used.
  • the sorbent material When the heating is carried out by means of microwaves while at the same time feeding and/or cir culating carbon dioxide to the recovery device, the sorbent material can be evenly heated, and the releas ing and collecting of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material may be made more efficient and at the same time purer carbon dioxide can be collected.
  • part of the carbon dioxide may be collected and recovered, and part of the carbon dioxide is circulated in the recovery device for making the desorption of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material more efficient.
  • carbon dioxide is circu lated in the recovery device in the carbon dioxide collecting stage such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is maintained at a preselected pres sure, in one embodiment at a pressure of approximately 0.15 - 0.25 bar, e.g. at a pressure of 0.2 bar, in the recovery device.
  • the temperature is kept at approximately 60 - 90 °C in the recovery device during the collecting of carbon dioxide.
  • the pressure is approximately 0.8 - 1 bar in the col lecting stage in the recovery device.
  • the circulated carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide col lecting stage the circulated carbon dioxide is heated by the heating device.
  • the carbon dioxide in the car bon dioxide collecting stage the carbon dioxide may be circulated via the heating device of the apparatus without heating the circulated carbon dioxide.
  • At least part of the water vapor released in connection with the releasing of car bon dioxide is circulated together with carbon dioxide as a carbon dioxide-vapor mixture through the sorbent material of the recovery device, and at least part of the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material is collected in the carbon dioxide collecting stage.
  • a minor amount of vapor is added to the carbon dioxide, and the vapor is circulated together with the carbon dioxide in the recovery device. Primar ily, in the method, the same vapor is being circulated through the recovery device.
  • the amount of vapor in relation to the amount of carbon di- oxide is adjusted and preferably the amount of vapor in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide is predeter mined.
  • the releasing of car bon dioxide from the sorbent material may be made more efficient.
  • the amount of vapor in the carbon dioxide-vapor mixture is less than 20 vol-%.
  • at least part of the water vapor re leased in connection with the releasing of carbon diox ide is removed from the carbon dioxide to be circulat ed.
  • carbon dioxide including vapor is fed to the recovery device and through the sorbent material.
  • the amount of vapor in the carbon dioxide-vapor mixture is less than 20 vol-%.
  • the carbon dioxide-vapor mix- ture is circulated via the heating device.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one device or one means for collecting, i.e. re- covering, carbon dioxide from the recovery device and for conducting it to storage or further treatment.
  • the means for collecting carbon dioxide from the re covery device and for conducting it to storage or fur ther treatment any devices or means which are known per se and suited for the intended use may be used.
  • the collecting device for recovering carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material any device which is known per se and suited for the intended use may be used.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one compressor for recovering carbon dioxide from the recovery device.
  • the appa ratus comprises at least one compressor for conducting carbon dioxide, such as dry carbon dioxide, to storage from the recovery device.
  • the duration of the collecting stage may vary.
  • the carbon dioxide collecting stage for releasing carbon dioxide from the sorbent material and for collecting carbon dioxide lasts for less than 10 hours, in one embodiment approximately 6 - 10 hours. In one embodiment the preheating stage and the carbon dioxide collecting stage last for approximately 10 - 12 hours.
  • water is removed from the carbon dioxide to be collected.
  • wa ter is removed from the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material.
  • water is re moved from the released carbon dioxide after the re covery device.
  • the apparatus com prises at least one water separating device or carbon dioxide drying device which is arranged after the re covery device for removing water from the carbon diox ide to be recovered.
  • water is sepa rated or removed already from air in connection with the carbon dioxide adsorption stage.
  • the water may be recovered or conducted to further treatment, e.g. electrolysis, in which oxygen and hy drogen may be formed from the water.
  • the sorbent material of the recovery device is cooled after collecting the carbon dioxide in a cooling stage. In one embodiment the sorbent material is cooled after collecting the carbon dioxide by means of an airflow. In connection with cooling performed by an airflow the sorbent material of the recovery device may be cleaned, e.g. by remov ing odorous gases or VOC gases. In one embodiment, by cooling the odour of ammonia is reduced in the recov ery device.
  • the temperature is de creased in the cooling stage such that the temperature is approximately 20 - 25 °C in the recovery device af ter the cooling stage.
  • the pressure after the cooling stage is approximately 1 bar.
  • the adsorption stage, the vacuum formation stage, the preheating stage and the carbon dioxide collecting stage as well as the possible cooling stage of the method are repeated for cleaning a new batch of air and for removing carbon dioxide from the air.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one control device for controlling the carbon di oxide recovery process and the different stages there of.
  • the apparatus comprises at least two recovery devices.
  • the recovery devices may be arranged in parallel. Thereby in one device, carbon di oxide may be adsorbed from air, while in the other de vice, at the same time, carbon dioxide is recovered from the sorbent material.
  • carbon dioxide is recovered from air, such as air to be conducted to a building, circulated in the building and/or air to be removed from the building.
  • carbon dioxide is recovered from air coming from a ventilation sys tem, such as HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Condition ing).
  • HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Condition ing
  • the content of carbon dioxide in the air coming to the recovery device can be 300 - 600 ppm, and approximately 50 - 200 ppm in the air cleaned by means of the recovery device.
  • the building refers to any property or building, such as a residential building, an industrial building, a hall, an office space, a public building or other corresponding building, or a group of buildings consisting of more than one build ing.
  • the apparatus functions as a separate unit which is as a whole or the parts of which are easily movable and/or locatable to a desired site for use.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention may be used in the recovery of carbon diox ide, in the treatment of indoor air of a building, in the treatment of supply air of a building, in the treatment of exhaust air of a building, in the manu facture of a carbon dioxide product, in the manufac ture of hydrocarbons, in the manufacture of chemical or biological products and combinations thereof.
  • carbon dioxide is removed from supply air, circulated air of exhaust air of a building.
  • the recovered carbon dioxide may be stored, used as a product or fed to a carbon dioxide treatment stage.
  • the carbon dioxide recovered by the present method and apparatus may be stored for further use, or it may for example be bottled as a product to be used for a desired purpose or conducted to a desired process stage directly or via temporary storage.
  • carbon dioxide is treated in a treatment stage by means of a hydrogen treatment, such as by means of hy drogen, for forming a chemical compound, e.g. for forming a hydrocarbon.
  • a hydrogen treatment such as by means of hy drogen
  • the carbon dioxide is conducted to a hydrocarbon synthesis unit.
  • the carbon dioxide is conducted to a methanation unit.
  • the carbon dioxide is conducted to the manufacture of chemical or biolog ical products.
  • carbon dioxide may be recovered efficiently from air. Additionally, pure carbon dioxide can be recovered from air, whereby the carbon dioxide may be used in applications requiring purity of carbon dioxide and pure hydrocarbons may be formed therefrom. The high-quality hydrocarbons may be used for example in applications requiring clean fuels.
  • the recovery of carbon dioxide may be accomplished without feeding va por and the apparatus does not require a vapor genera tor. Due to the heating carried out with microwaves the collecting of carbon dioxide from the sorbent ma terial may be speeded up and energy may be reduced during the collecting.
  • the apparatus according to the invention may be implemented easily and cost efficiently.
  • Fig. la-ld present one apparatus according to the invention and different process stages in the ap paratus
  • Fig. 2 presents an additional process stage in the apparatus according to Fig. la-ld.
  • the apparatus according to Fig. la - Id com prises one recovery device (2) which is a DAC device and which includes a sorbent material. Air (1) to be cleaned is conducted through the sorbent material of the recovery device (2) for adsorbing carbon dioxide present in the air to the sorbent material during an adsorption stage presented in Fig. la. Further, the apparatus comprises a vacuum formation device (4) for arranging vacuum conditions into the recovery device (2) after feeding of the air
  • the apparatus comprises a carbon dioxide feeding device for feeding carbon dioxide (6), e.g. industrial grade or high purity grade carbon di oxide, to the recovery device (2) and through the sorbent material in a preheating stage presented in
  • the apparatus also comprises a microwave source (17) which is located in the recovery device
  • the apparatus may comprise a heating device (8) for heating the carbon dioxide (6) to be fed. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a circulating device for circulating the fed carbon di oxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent ma terial in the recovery device.
  • Carbon dioxide (10) conducted out from the recovery device which carbon dioxide comprises fed carbon dioxide and also carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material, is circu lated without the heating device or alternatively via the heating device back to the recovery device.
  • the circulated carbon dioxide may contain water vapor re leased in connection with the desorption of carbon di oxide.
  • a minor amount of water vapor (7) may be fed to the carbon dioxide to be fed for making the desorption of carbon dioxide more effi cient.
  • the apparatus comprises a collecting device for recovering carbon dioxide (11) released from the sorbent material in a collecting stage pre sented in Fig. Id.
  • the temper ature is 60 - 90 °C, and the pressure is approximately 0.8 - 1 bar in the recovery device.
  • the partial pres sure of the carbon dioxide is to be kept the same as in the preheating stage.
  • part of the carbon dioxide (10) coming from the recovery device is circulated as a carbon dioxide flow (9) back to the recovery device and through the sorbent materi al, and part of the carbon dioxide (10) is collected by means of the collecting device as carbon dioxide (11) to be recovered.
  • the carbon dioxide (11) to be recovered may be conducted through a drying device
  • the carbon dioxide to be circulated may be heat ed in the heating device (8) or just conducted via the heating device in case the apparatus comprises a heat ing device (8).
  • the apparatus comprises at least one air feed ing device for conducting cooling air (12) through the carbon dioxide recovery device (2). Warmed-up, practi- cally clean air (13) is conducted out from the recov ery device. In the cooling stage the temperature is decreased such that the temperature is approximately 20 - 25 °C in the recovery device after the cooling stage. The pressure after the cooling stage is approx- imately 1 bar.
  • carbon dioxide is recovered from air to be conducted to a building by means of the process according to Examples 1 and 2.
  • the recovery of carbon dioxide is performed such that the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material lasts for approximately 8 - 10 hours, the collecting stage for releasing carbon di- oxide from the sorbent material and for collecting car bon dioxide lasts for approximately 8 - 9 hours and the whole recovery cycle, i.e. stages la-d and 2, lasts for 24 hours.
  • the adsorption stage may be carried out for example during the day, such as during a work day, whereby cleaned air may be conducted to the build ing.
  • the whole sorbent material is heated and the sorbent material must be heated up to several hours.
  • short heating is enough, e.g. for a few seconds, whereby the water in the sorbent material heats up and the heated water helps to release carbon dioxide from the sorbent material.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention are suitable as different embodiments to be used for recovering carbon dioxide in most different applications.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide from air, wherein air (1) is fed through a carbon dioxide recovery device (2) in which carbon dioxide is adsorbed from the air to a sorbent material for cleaning the air, vacuum conditions are arranged into the recovery device (2) after the feeding of air through the recovery device has been stopped, carbon dioxide (6) is fed to the recovery de vice (2) and through the sorbent material, the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water possibly included in the sorbent material are heated by means of micro- waves in the recovery device (2), and the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material are circulated through the sorbent material of the recovery device, and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material is collected. Additionally, the invention relates to the use of the method.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING CARBON DIOXIDE AND USE OF THE METHOD
FIELD The invention relates to a method defined in claim 1 and to an apparatus defined in claim 11 for recovering carbon dioxide, and to the use of the meth od as defined in claim 16. BACKGROUND
Various methods for separating and recovering carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream or air are known in the prior art. Additionally, in document WO 2017/140954 the recovery of carbon dioxide from air of a building and utilization of it as a raw material are disclosed.
OBJECT
An object of the invention is to disclose a new type of method for recovering carbon dioxide. In addition, an object of the invention is to disclose a new type of apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide. In addition, an object of the invention is to speed up the collecting of carbon dioxide from a sorbent mate- rial, and reduce energy during collecting. In addi tion, an object of the invention is to disclose a method and an apparatus for cleaning the air of a building or a property. In addition, an object of the invention is to provide purer carbon dioxide for fur- ther utilization.
SUMMARY
The method and the apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide and the use of the method according to the invention are characterized by features presented in the claims.
Carbon dioxide is captured directly from air by means of a recovery device in which the carbon di oxide is adsorbed from the air to a sorbent material and is recovered by releasing it from the sorbent ma terial.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the method for recovering carbon dioxide, air, e.g. air of a building or a property, is fed through a carbon dioxide recovery device in which car bon dioxide is adsorbed from the air to a sorbent ma terial for cleaning the air in an adsorption stage. Vacuum conditions are arranged into the recovery de vice in a vacuum formation stage after the feeding of air through the recovery device has been stopped. Af ter this, carbon dioxide, e.g. industrial grade carbon dioxide or high purity grade carbon dioxide, is fed to the recovery device and through the sorbent material, the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water possibly in cluded in the sorbent material are heated by means of microwaves in the recovery device in a preheating stage and the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material are circulated through the sorbent material of the recovery device. In a collecting stage, carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material, i.e. desorbed carbon dioxide, is collected while part of the carbon dioxide is being circulated. In the method, the carbon dioxide fed to the sorbent material is used to improve the releasing of the adsorbed carbon dioxide from the sorbent mate rial. The circulated carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide which may contain released water vapor functions as a heat-transfer agent for releasing carbon dioxide from the sorbent material, i.e. for the desorption of car bon dioxide. The apparatus comprises at least one recovery device including a sorbent material through which air is conducted and in which carbon dioxide is adsorbed from the air to the sorbent material, at least one vacuum formation device for arranging vacuum condi tions into the recovery device after feeding of the air through the recovery device has been stopped, at least one carbon dioxide feeding device for feeding carbon dioxide to the recovery device and through the sorbent material, at least one microwave source for heating the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water pos sibly included in the sorbent material by means of mi crowaves in the recovery device, at least one circu lating device for circulating the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material in the recovery device, such as from the outlet of the recovery device back to the inlet of the recovery de vice, and at least one collecting device for recover ing carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material.
In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least one air feeding device for conducting air to the carbon dioxide recovery device, e.g. from a building or a property to the recovery device, for removing carbon dioxide from the air.
As the recovery device, any separating or re covery device which is known per se may be used, in which separating or recovery device the recovery or separation of carbon dioxide from air is based on an adsorption method. The air is conducted through the recovery device. If necessary, the air may be fed to and/or through the recovery device by means of a suit able feeding device.
In one embodiment the carbon dioxide recovery device is a DAC (direct air capture) device. The DAC device refers to a device by means of which carbon di oxide may be removed directly from air. In this connec- tion the DAC device used comprises a sorbent material for adsorbing carbon dioxide to said material.
In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least one DAC device as the recovery device. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises more than one DAC device.
As the sorbent material in the recovery de vice, any sorbent material which is suited for the in tended use may be used. In one embodiment the sorbent material is an organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent. In one embodiment the sorbent material is an organic- inorganic hybrid sorbent which contains amines on po rous adsorbent carriers. In one embodiment the sorbent material used is a metal-organic framework (MOF). In one embodiment the sorbent material is selected so as to be suitable for the DAC device. In one embodiment the sorbent material may be arranged inside the recov ery device as at least one bed or layer or as more than one bed or layer, or in one embodiment the recov ery device may be filled with the sorbent material.
The duration of the adsorption stage for ad sorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material may vary, for example depending on the conditions of the adsorption stage, the amount of carbon dioxide in air and the recovery device used. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is determined so as to have a desired length. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is determined based on a desired time. In one embodiment the duration of the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material is selected according to when the ventilation system of the building or prop erty is in use or operates at least at normal power. In one embodiment the adsorption stage for adsorbing car bon dioxide from air to the sorbent material lasts for 8 - 10 hours. In one embodiment the temperature is 20 - 25 °C in the adsorption stage. In one embodiment the pressure is approximately 1 bar in the adsorption stage.
In one embodiment, water is separated or re moved from air in connection with the carbon dioxide adsorption stage. Thereby moisture may be removed from the air.
In the vacuum formation stage the vacuum may be formed into the recovery device by any device which is suited for the intended use, e.g. by a vacuum pump, a rotary vacuum pump, a constant volume flow rate vac uum pump or other suitable device. In one embodiment the temperature is 20 - 25 °C in the vacuum formation stage. In one embodiment the pressure is decreased in the vacuum formation stage such that the pressure is approximately 20 mbar or less than 20 mbar in the re covery device. In the vacuum formation stage, oxygen and/or nitrogen may be removed from the recovery de vice.
In the preheating stage the sorbent material, i.e. carbon dioxide and/or water in the sorbent mate rial, is heated in a controlled manner by means of mi crowaves and at the same time carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device. In one embodiment the temperature is raised such that the temperature is 60 - 90 °C in the recovery device. In one embodiment the pressure is raised in the preheating stage such that the pressure is approximately 0.8- 1 bar in the recovery device.
The carbon dioxide fed to the recovery device may be high purity grade carbon dioxide or industrial grade carbon dioxide. In this connection the carbon dioxide fed to the recovery device refers to carbon dioxide which consists of carbon dioxide and does not substantially contain other gases and which does not have significant amounts of impurities. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide to be fed may be fed via a heating device to the recovery device. In that case the carbon dioxide to be fed may be preheated. In one embodiment the apparatus co pris- es at least one heating device for heating carbon di oxide before conducting it to the recovery device. As the heating device, any heating device or heater which is suited for the intended use may be used, such as a heating device external to the recovery device, e.g. a radiant heater, a heat pump, an electric gas heater, a solar thermal heater or other suitable heater.
In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is fed in a preselected amount to the recovery device. In one em bodiment, carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the pressure of the recovery de vice or the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be a preselected pressure. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be approximately 0.15 - 0.25 bar, in one embodi ment approximately 0.2 bar, in the recovery device.
By the heating carried out by means of micro- waves, the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the sorbent ma terial and/or water in the sorbent material, such as water on the surface of the sorbent material or on the surface of particles, may be heated. If the sorbent material contains water, the water is primarily heated by the effect of the microwaves, and carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material by the effect of the heat. In one embodiment the sorbent material con tains water, preferably at least a minor amount of wa ter, whereby the water in the sorbent material is pri marily heated and carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material by the effect of the heat. In one em- bodiment the sorbent material does not contain water, whereby the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the sorbent ma terial is heated. Due to the heating, the adsorbed carbon dioxide is released from the sorbent material. The water on the surface is also heated and converted into water vapor, whereby it is desorbed from the sur face of the sorbent material and thus facilitates the releasing of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material. In one embodiment also the fed and/or circulated car bon dioxide is heated in the recovery device. The fed and/or circulated carbon dioxide and the water vapor facilitate the releasing of the adsorbed carbon diox ide from the sorbent material.
As the microwave source, any microwave gener ating device which is suited for the intended use, for example a magnetron, may be used.
When the heating is carried out by means of microwaves while at the same time feeding and/or cir culating carbon dioxide to the recovery device, the sorbent material can be evenly heated, and the releas ing and collecting of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material may be made more efficient and at the same time purer carbon dioxide can be collected.
In the carbon dioxide collecting stage, part of the carbon dioxide may be collected and recovered, and part of the carbon dioxide is circulated in the recovery device for making the desorption of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material more efficient.
In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is circu lated in the recovery device in the carbon dioxide collecting stage such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is maintained at a preselected pres sure, in one embodiment at a pressure of approximately 0.15 - 0.25 bar, e.g. at a pressure of 0.2 bar, in the recovery device.
In one embodiment the temperature is kept at approximately 60 - 90 °C in the recovery device during the collecting of carbon dioxide. In one embodiment the pressure is approximately 0.8 - 1 bar in the col lecting stage in the recovery device. In one embodiment, in the carbon dioxide col lecting stage the circulated carbon dioxide is heated by the heating device. In one embodiment, in the car bon dioxide collecting stage the carbon dioxide may be circulated via the heating device of the apparatus without heating the circulated carbon dioxide.
In one embodiment, at least part of the water vapor released in connection with the releasing of car bon dioxide is circulated together with carbon dioxide as a carbon dioxide-vapor mixture through the sorbent material of the recovery device, and at least part of the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material is collected in the carbon dioxide collecting stage. In one embodiment a minor amount of vapor is added to the carbon dioxide, and the vapor is circulated together with the carbon dioxide in the recovery device. Primar ily, in the method, the same vapor is being circulated through the recovery device. In one embodiment the amount of vapor in relation to the amount of carbon di- oxide is adjusted and preferably the amount of vapor in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide is predeter mined. With the circulated vapor the releasing of car bon dioxide from the sorbent material may be made more efficient. In one embodiment the amount of vapor in the carbon dioxide-vapor mixture is less than 20 vol-%. In one embodiment, at least part of the water vapor re leased in connection with the releasing of carbon diox ide is removed from the carbon dioxide to be circulat ed. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide including vapor is fed to the recovery device and through the sorbent material. In one embodiment the amount of vapor in the carbon dioxide-vapor mixture is less than 20 vol-%. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide-vapor mix- ture is circulated via the heating device.
In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least one device or one means for collecting, i.e. re- covering, carbon dioxide from the recovery device and for conducting it to storage or further treatment. As the means for collecting carbon dioxide from the re covery device and for conducting it to storage or fur ther treatment, any devices or means which are known per se and suited for the intended use may be used. As the collecting device for recovering carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material, any device which is known per se and suited for the intended use may be used. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least one compressor for recovering carbon dioxide from the recovery device. In one embodiment the appa ratus comprises at least one compressor for conducting carbon dioxide, such as dry carbon dioxide, to storage from the recovery device.
The duration of the collecting stage may vary. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide collecting stage for releasing carbon dioxide from the sorbent material and for collecting carbon dioxide lasts for less than 10 hours, in one embodiment approximately 6 - 10 hours. In one embodiment the preheating stage and the carbon dioxide collecting stage last for approximately 10 - 12 hours.
In one embodiment, water is removed from the carbon dioxide to be collected. In one embodiment, wa ter is removed from the carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material. In one embodiment, water is re moved from the released carbon dioxide after the re covery device. In one embodiment the apparatus com prises at least one water separating device or carbon dioxide drying device which is arranged after the re covery device for removing water from the carbon diox ide to be recovered. In one embodiment, water is sepa rated or removed already from air in connection with the carbon dioxide adsorption stage. In one embodiment the water may be recovered or conducted to further treatment, e.g. electrolysis, in which oxygen and hy drogen may be formed from the water.
In one embodiment the sorbent material of the recovery device is cooled after collecting the carbon dioxide in a cooling stage. In one embodiment the sorbent material is cooled after collecting the carbon dioxide by means of an airflow. In connection with cooling performed by an airflow the sorbent material of the recovery device may be cleaned, e.g. by remov ing odorous gases or VOC gases. In one embodiment, by cooling the odour of ammonia is reduced in the recov ery device.
In one embodiment the temperature is de creased in the cooling stage such that the temperature is approximately 20 - 25 °C in the recovery device af ter the cooling stage. The pressure after the cooling stage is approximately 1 bar.
When the carbon dioxide has been collected from the sorbent material, the adsorption stage, the vacuum formation stage, the preheating stage and the carbon dioxide collecting stage as well as the possible cooling stage of the method are repeated for cleaning a new batch of air and for removing carbon dioxide from the air.
In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least one control device for controlling the carbon di oxide recovery process and the different stages there of.
In one embodiment the apparatus comprises at least two recovery devices. The recovery devices may be arranged in parallel. Thereby in one device, carbon di oxide may be adsorbed from air, while in the other de vice, at the same time, carbon dioxide is recovered from the sorbent material.
In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is recovered from air, such as air to be conducted to a building, circulated in the building and/or air to be removed from the building. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is recovered from air coming from a ventilation sys tem, such as HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Condition ing). As an example the content of carbon dioxide in the air coming to the recovery device can be 300 - 600 ppm, and approximately 50 - 200 ppm in the air cleaned by means of the recovery device.
In this connection the building refers to any property or building, such as a residential building, an industrial building, a hall, an office space, a public building or other corresponding building, or a group of buildings consisting of more than one build ing.
In one embodiment the apparatus functions as a separate unit which is as a whole or the parts of which are easily movable and/or locatable to a desired site for use.
The method and the apparatus according to the invention may be used in the recovery of carbon diox ide, in the treatment of indoor air of a building, in the treatment of supply air of a building, in the treatment of exhaust air of a building, in the manu facture of a carbon dioxide product, in the manufac ture of hydrocarbons, in the manufacture of chemical or biological products and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide is removed from supply air, circulated air of exhaust air of a building. The recovered carbon dioxide may be stored, used as a product or fed to a carbon dioxide treatment stage. The carbon dioxide recovered by the present method and apparatus, preferably pure carbon dioxide such as high purity grade or industrial grade carbon dioxide, may be stored for further use, or it may for example be bottled as a product to be used for a desired purpose or conducted to a desired process stage directly or via temporary storage. In one treatment embodiment, carbon dioxide is treated in a treatment stage by means of a hydrogen treatment, such as by means of hy drogen, for forming a chemical compound, e.g. for forming a hydrocarbon. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide is conducted to a hydrocarbon synthesis unit. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide is conducted to a methanation unit. In one embodiment the carbon dioxide is conducted to the manufacture of chemical or biolog ical products.
Due to the invention, carbon dioxide may be recovered efficiently from air. Additionally, pure carbon dioxide can be recovered from air, whereby the carbon dioxide may be used in applications requiring purity of carbon dioxide and pure hydrocarbons may be formed therefrom. The high-quality hydrocarbons may be used for example in applications requiring clean fuels.
Further, due to the invention the recovery of carbon dioxide may be accomplished without feeding va por and the apparatus does not require a vapor genera tor. Due to the heating carried out with microwaves the collecting of carbon dioxide from the sorbent ma terial may be speeded up and energy may be reduced during the collecting.
The apparatus according to the invention may be implemented easily and cost efficiently.
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. la-ld present one apparatus according to the invention and different process stages in the ap paratus, and
Fig. 2 presents an additional process stage in the apparatus according to Fig. la-ld.
EXAMPLES
The invention will be described in the fol lowing by way of detailed examples of its embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Example 1
The apparatus according to Fig. la - Id com prises one recovery device (2) which is a DAC device and which includes a sorbent material. Air (1) to be cleaned is conducted through the sorbent material of the recovery device (2) for adsorbing carbon dioxide present in the air to the sorbent material during an adsorption stage presented in Fig. la. Further, the apparatus comprises a vacuum formation device (4) for arranging vacuum conditions into the recovery device (2) after feeding of the air
(1) through the recovery device has been stopped. In a vacuum formation stage presented in Fig. lb, air (5) in the recovery device is sucked out and thereby the recovery device can also be purified of oxygen and hy drogen. In the vacuum formation stage the temperature is 20 - 25 °C, and the pressure is decreased such that the pressure is approximately 20 mbar or less than 20 mbar in the recovery device.
In addition, the apparatus comprises a carbon dioxide feeding device for feeding carbon dioxide (6), e.g. industrial grade or high purity grade carbon di oxide, to the recovery device (2) and through the sorbent material in a preheating stage presented in
Fig. lc. The apparatus also comprises a microwave source (17) which is located in the recovery device
(2) for heating the adsorbed carbon dioxide and water possibly included in the sorbent material by means of microwaves in the recovery device. The carbon dioxide (6) is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be a predetermined pressure, e.g. approximately 0.2 bar. After the preheating stage the temperature is 60 - 90 °C, and the pressure is approximately 0.8 - 1 bar in the recovery device. The apparatus may comprise a heating device (8) for heating the carbon dioxide (6) to be fed. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a circulating device for circulating the fed carbon di oxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent ma terial in the recovery device. Carbon dioxide (10) conducted out from the recovery device, which carbon dioxide comprises fed carbon dioxide and also carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material, is circu lated without the heating device or alternatively via the heating device back to the recovery device. The circulated carbon dioxide may contain water vapor re leased in connection with the desorption of carbon di oxide. In one embodiment a minor amount of water vapor (7) may be fed to the carbon dioxide to be fed for making the desorption of carbon dioxide more effi cient.
Further, the apparatus comprises a collecting device for recovering carbon dioxide (11) released from the sorbent material in a collecting stage pre sented in Fig. Id. In the collecting stage the temper ature is 60 - 90 °C, and the pressure is approximately 0.8 - 1 bar in the recovery device. The partial pres sure of the carbon dioxide is to be kept the same as in the preheating stage. In the collecting stage, part of the carbon dioxide (10) coming from the recovery device is circulated as a carbon dioxide flow (9) back to the recovery device and through the sorbent materi al, and part of the carbon dioxide (10) is collected by means of the collecting device as carbon dioxide (11) to be recovered. The carbon dioxide (11) to be recovered may be conducted through a drying device
(14) for removing water from the carbon dioxide, and collected as a product (16) by means of a compressor
(15). The carbon dioxide to be circulated may be heat ed in the heating device (8) or just conducted via the heating device in case the apparatus comprises a heat ing device (8). Example 2
In this example, carbon dioxide is recovered in a process according to Example 1 and by the appa ratus presented in Fig. la-d, which apparatus co pris- es, after the carbon dioxide collecting stage (Fig.
Id), a cooling stage which is presented in Fig. 2.
The apparatus comprises at least one air feed ing device for conducting cooling air (12) through the carbon dioxide recovery device (2). Warmed-up, practi- cally clean air (13) is conducted out from the recov ery device. In the cooling stage the temperature is decreased such that the temperature is approximately 20 - 25 °C in the recovery device after the cooling stage. The pressure after the cooling stage is approx- imately 1 bar.
Example 3
In this example, carbon dioxide is recovered from air to be conducted to a building by means of the process according to Examples 1 and 2. In this example the recovery of carbon dioxide is performed such that the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material lasts for approximately 8 - 10 hours, the collecting stage for releasing carbon di- oxide from the sorbent material and for collecting car bon dioxide lasts for approximately 8 - 9 hours and the whole recovery cycle, i.e. stages la-d and 2, lasts for 24 hours. Thereby the adsorption stage may be carried out for example during the day, such as during a work day, whereby cleaned air may be conducted to the build ing.
Example 4
In this example the releasing of carbon diox- ide from a sorbent material was tested under laborato ry conditions. A glass container contained a sorbent materi al to which carbon dioxide had been adsorbed, and the container was heated with microwaves. Thereby it was observed that water in the sorbent material is heated fast and facilitates the releasing of carbon dioxide from the sorbent material.
In the tests it was found that the carbon di oxide content of the air removed from the container rose to a significant degree, even up to 10000 ppm, when the heating with microwaves was started. Corre spondingly, before the heating and when the heating with microwaves was paused or stopped, the carbon di oxide content of the air removed from the container was merely less than 1000 ppm.
In the previously known methods the whole sorbent material is heated and the sorbent material must be heated up to several hours. In this method ac cording to the invention, short heating is enough, e.g. for a few seconds, whereby the water in the sorbent material heats up and the heated water helps to release carbon dioxide from the sorbent material.
Based on the tests it was observed that the amount of the recovered carbon dioxide may be in creased and the recovery may be speeded up by using the method according to the invention. Additionally, the energy needed by the process could be significant ly reduced during the recovery of carbon dioxide.
The method and the apparatus according to the invention are suitable as different embodiments to be used for recovering carbon dioxide in most different applications.
The invention is not limited only to the above-described examples, but many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea de fined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for recovering carbon dioxide from air, characterized in that
- air is fed through a carbon dioxide recov ery device in which carbon dioxide is ad sorbed from the air to a sorbent material for cleaning the air,
- vacuum conditions are arranged into the re covery device after the feeding of air through the recovery device has been stopped,
- carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery de vice and through the sorbent material, the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water possi bly included in the sorbent material are heated by means of microwaves in the recov ery device, and the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material are circulated through the sorbent material of the recovery device, and
- carbon oxide released from the sorbent ma terial is collected.
2. The method according to claim 1, char acterized in that at least part of the water va por released in connection with releasing of the carbon dioxide is circulated together with carbon dioxide through the sorbent material of the recovery device.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that pure carbon dioxide is fed to the recovery device in such amount that the par tial pressure of the carbon dioxide will be approxi mately 0.2 bar.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the carbon dioxide recovery device is a DAC device.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1
- 4, characterized in that the sorbent materi al of the recovery device is cooled after the collect ing of carbon dioxide by means of an airflow.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1
- 5, characterized in that water is removed from the collected carbon dioxide.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 6, characterized in that the adsorption stage for adsorbing carbon dioxide from air to the sorbent material lasts for approximately 8 - 10 hours.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1
- 7, characterized in that the carbon dioxide collecting stage for releasing carbon dioxide from the sorbent material and for collecting carbon dioxide lasts for less than 10 hours.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1
- 8, characterized in that in the vacuum for mation stage the pressure is decreased such that the pressure is approximately 20 mbar or less in the recov ery device.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the temperature is kept at approximately 60 - 90 °C in the recovery de vice during the collecting of carbon dioxide.
11. An apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide from air, characterized in that the apparatus comprises
- at least one recovery device (2) including a sorbent material through which air (1) is conducted and in which carbon dioxide is ad sorbed from the air to the sorbent material,
- at least one vacuum formation device (4) for arranging vacuum conditions into the recovery device (2) after feeding of the air through the recovery device has been stopped, - at least one carbon dioxide feeding device for feeding carbon dioxide (6) to the re covery device (2) and through the sorbent material,
- at least one microwave source (17) for heating the adsorbed carbon dioxide and/or water possibly included in the sorbent ma terial by means of microwaves in the recov ery device, at least one circulating device for circu lating the fed carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide released from the sorbent material in the recovery device (2), and
- at least one collecting device for recover ing carbon dioxide (11) released from the sorbent material.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the recovery device (2) is a DAC device.
13. The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the apparatus comprises at least two recovery devices (2).
14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the ap paratus comprises at least one air feeding device for conducting air (1,12) to the carbon dioxide recovery device.
15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 - 14, characterized in that the ap paratus comprises at least one compressor for conduct ing carbon dioxide for storage from the recovery de vice.
16. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the method is used in the recovery of carbon dioxide, in the treatment of indoor air of a building, in the treatment of supply air of a building, in the treat- ment of exhaust air of a building, in the manufacture of a carbon dioxide product, in the manufacture of hy drocarbons, in the manufacture of chemical or biologi cal products or combinations thereof.
PCT/FI2020/050722 2019-11-04 2020-11-03 Method and apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide and use of the method WO2021089916A1 (en)

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