WO2021089659A1 - Verfahren zum ermitteln einer unzulässigen abweichung des systemverhaltens einer technischen einrichtung von einem normwertebereich - Google Patents
Verfahren zum ermitteln einer unzulässigen abweichung des systemverhaltens einer technischen einrichtung von einem normwertebereich Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021089659A1 WO2021089659A1 PCT/EP2020/081029 EP2020081029W WO2021089659A1 WO 2021089659 A1 WO2021089659 A1 WO 2021089659A1 EP 2020081029 W EP2020081029 W EP 2020081029W WO 2021089659 A1 WO2021089659 A1 WO 2021089659A1
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- network
- technical device
- neural network
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- technical
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
- B60W50/0205—Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/045—Combinations of networks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/30—ESP control system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
- B60W50/0205—Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
- B60W2050/021—Means for detecting failure or malfunction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining an impermissible deviation of the system behavior of a technical device from a standard value range with the aid of an artificial neural network.
- DE 102018206805 B3 describes a method for predicting a driving maneuver of an object by means of two machine learning systems.
- the first machine learning system determines an output variable characterizing the object as a function of a first input variable
- the second machine learning system determines a second output variable which characterizes a state of the object as a function of a second input variable.
- the future movement of the object is predicted depending on the output variables.
- the first machine learning system here comprises a deep neural network and the second machine learning system a probabilistic graphic model.
- DE 102018209 916 A1 discloses a method for determining a sequence of output signals by means of a sequence of layers of a neural network on the basis of input signals which are fed to an input layer of the neural network. New input signals are already fed to the neural network at a defined point in time, while the previous input signals are still being propagated through the neural network.
- an impermissible deviation of the system behavior of a technical device from a standard value range can be determined.
- the state of the technical device can be monitored with measures that are easy to implement.
- Deteriorations in system behavior and system anomalies can be detected in good time.
- the method for determining the impermissible deviation of the technical device uses an artificial neural network to which input data and output data of the technical device are fed in a learning phase. By comparing with the input and output data of the technical device, the corresponding links are created in the artificial neural network and the neural network is trained on the system behavior of the technical device.
- the system behavior of the device can be reliably predicted in the neural network.
- only the input data of the technical device are fed to the neural network in the prediction phase and output comparison data are calculated in the neural network, which are compared with the output data of the technical device. If this comparison shows that the difference in the output data of the technical device, which is preferably recorded as measured values, deviates too much from the output comparison data of the neural network and exceeds a limit value, then there is an impermissible deviation in the system behavior of the technical device from the standard value range. Suitable measures can then be taken, for example a warning signal can be generated or stored or partial functions of the technical device can be deactivated (degradation of the technical device). If necessary, alternative technical facilities can be used in the event of impermissible deviations.
- a real technical facility can be continuously monitored.
- the neural network is fed with a sufficient amount of information from the technical device, both from its input side and from its output side, so that the technical device can be mapped and simulated in the neural network with sufficient accuracy.
- this allows the technical facility to be monitored and a deterioration in the system behavior to be predicted. In this way, in particular, the remaining useful life of the technical facility can be predicted.
- the neural network is divided into a base network and a head network, which together form the neural network.
- the base network and the head network each consist of a large number of layers, with the base network and the head network working together, but being able to be subdivided into subnetworks.
- different types of layers can be used, in particular in the head network, for example convolutional layer or dense layer.
- both the base network and the head network are trained on the system behavior of a first technical facility. This represents a first section of the learning phase.
- training takes place on a second technical device, which is structurally identical to the first technical device.
- this second section of the learning phase only the head network is trained, but not the base network.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the head network can be trained for the specific system behavior of the second technical device, with the electronic device in which the neural network is implemented only having to have a relatively small computing capacity.
- the training in the first section of the learning phase on the basis of the first technical device can be carried out on another electronic device which has a higher computing capacity.
- the first section of the learning phase which relates to the first technical device, centrally in a workshop or development environment or the like
- the second section of the learning phase is carried out decentrally, for example in a vehicle.
- the second section of the learning phase is carried out, for example, on a control unit in the vehicle, for example on the control unit of an ESP module (electronic stability program).
- both the base network and the head network are used to determine an impermissible deviation of the second technical device.
- the base network is trained on a technically identical facility from the first section of the learning phase
- the head network is also trained on a technically identical facility from the first section of the learning phase and also trained on the specific second technical facility from the second section of the learning phase.
- the base network and the head network work together to determine an impermissible deviation in the system behavior of the second technical facility.
- the prediction phase requires less computing capacity than the learning phase, so that both sub-networks - the base network and the head network - can be operated in the prediction phase on an electronic device with reduced computing capacity.
- the number of neurons in the head network is smaller than the number of neurons in the base network.
- the difference can be at least a factor of five or at least a factor of ten, for example. Even with a head network that is at least ten times smaller, adequate adaptation to the system behavior of the second technical facility is guaranteed in the second section of the learning phase.
- the base network also receives the input data from the technical device, which is monitored with the aid of the neural network.
- measured values of the input data of the second technical device can also be fed to the head network, in particular mean values of relatively less dynamic measured values.
- the input data of the second technical device, which are fed to the base network as an input can also represent measured values, in particular in the highly dynamic range, this input being fed to the base network in the time or frequency range.
- Additional input information about the type or class of the input data can be fed to the head network.
- This is, for example, information from a cluster analysis, preferably about the type of maneuver to be carried out in the second technical device.
- a technical device in a vehicle in particular a brake system or a subsystem of a brake system, it can be, for example, the type of driving maneuver, for example a braking process or traffic jam driving.
- the input data which are fed to the base network and, if necessary, to the head network can be subjected to preprocessing.
- a first preprocessing step which is advantageously to be carried out, provides for the available measured values of the technical device, in particular of the second technical device, which is examined for impermissible deviation in the system behavior, or a subset of the available measured values to be subdivided into time segments of a fixed length.
- Another advantageous preprocessing step provides that the measured values are subjected to a cluster analysis, for example with the aid of a k-means algorithm.
- This information relating to a specific class can in particular be fed directly to the head network, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of the statement.
- measured values which are fed in particular to the base network and which are preferably highly dynamic measured values are subjected to a Fourier transformation, in particular a Fast Fourier transformation or a short-time Fourier transformation (STFT) to transfer the input data from the time to the frequency domain.
- a Fourier transformation in particular a Fast Fourier transformation or a short-time Fourier transformation (STFT)
- STFT short-time Fourier transformation
- mean values, maximum values, median values or modal values per frequency range can be used to reduce the amount of data.
- the invention also relates to an electronic device, such as a control device in a vehicle, which is equipped with means for carrying out the method described above.
- These means are, in particular, at least one computing unit and at least one storage unit for performing the necessary calculations or for storing input and output data.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product with a program code which is designed to carry out the method steps described above.
- the computer program product can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium and run in an electronic device described above.
- the method can be applied, for example, to the status monitoring of a technical system in a vehicle, for example a steering system or a braking system.
- the electronic device is advantageously a control device via which the components of the technical device can be controlled.
- ESP module electronic stability program
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram with symbolic representation of a first ESP
- Module to which input data is supplied and which produces output data, with a parallel-connected neural network, which is composed of a base network and a head network and is in a first section of a learning phase,
- FIG. 2 shows the block diagram according to FIG. 1, but with a second ESP module and the neural network in a second section of the learning phase
- 3 shows the block diagram according to FIG. 2 with the second ESP module and the neural network in a prediction phase
- FIG. 4 shows the basic network and the head network of the neural network in a detailed representation.
- the block diagram according to FIG. 1 shows a basic diagram of a technical device 1 in the form of an ESP module for a braking system in a vehicle with input and output data and with a neural network 4 connected in parallel.
- the ESP module 1 which is used by way of example as a technical device, comprises an ESP pump for generating a desired, modulated brake pressure in the brake system and a control unit for controlling the ESP pump.
- Input data 2 are fed to ESP module 1, for example an input current for the electrically operated ESP pump of ESP module 1, ESP module 1 producing output data 3 in response to input data 2, for example hydraulic brake pressure.
- a neural network 4 is connected in parallel with the technical device 1 and is trained in the system behavior of the technical device 1 in a learning phase, for which the input data 2 and the output data 3 of the technical device 1 are fed to the neural network 4 in the learning phase .
- the neural network 4 is subdivided into a base network and a head network, which each have a plurality of layers and interact.
- the output of the base network 6 represents the input of the head network 7.
- the base network 6 is significantly larger than the head network 7, the number of neurons in the base network is preferably at least a factor of five or at least a factor of ten greater than the number of neurons of the Head net 7.
- 1 shows a first section of the learning phase, in which both the base network 6 and the head network 7 are trained on the system behavior of the technical device 1. For this purpose, both the input data 2 and the output data of the technical device 1 are fed to the base network 6 as an input, and links are created in the base network 6 and the head network 7.
- the first section of the learning phase according to FIG. 1 can be carried out during a development phase of the technical device 1. After the end of the first section of the learning phase, the training for the base network 6 is ended.
- FIG. 2 shows a second section of the learning phase for the neural network 4, this second section of the learning phase being carried out on a second technical device 5 which is technically identical to the first technical device 1.
- This second section of the learning phase relates exclusively to the head network 7 of the neural network 4, whereas the base network 6 is no longer trained in the second section of the learning phase. Due to the less computation-intensive implementation, this embodiment makes it possible to carry out the second section of the learning phase on a correspondingly less powerful control unit, in particular directly at the installation location of the second technical device 5.
- the second section of the learning phase can be performed in the ESP control unit Module.
- the input data 2 and the output data 3 of the second technical device 5 are fed to the neural network 4 as an input, but exclusively to the head network 7 of the neural network.
- the second technical device 5 in a prediction phase of the neural network 4.
- the learning phase is complete, the head network 7 has been adequately trained for the specific application with the second technical device 5.
- the input data 2 of the second technical device 5 are fed to the neural network 4 as an input, wherein in the neural network with the base network 6 and output comparison data are generated in the head network 7 on the basis of the learned behavior, which output comparison data are compared with the output data 3 of the second technical device 5. If the deviation is so great that the output data 3 of the technical device 5 is outside a given range of standard values, there is an impermissibly severe deterioration in the system behavior of the technical device 5, which indicates a shortened service life or an imminent partial or complete failure of the technical device 5 can be closed. Measures can then be taken, such as, for example, the generation of a warning signal or a reduction in the functional scope of the technical device 5.
- the basic network 6 comprises a plurality of individual basic networks or sub-basic networks 6a, 6b and 6c, to which measured values in the time or frequency domain of a highly dynamic measuring channel are supplied as input data. This involves input and output data from the technical device in the learning phase and input data from the technical device in the prediction phase.
- the data generated in the sub-base networks 6a, 6b and 6c are fed to the head network 7 as an input, in which further links are created in the learning phase and a prediction is made about the system behavior of the technical device in question in the prediction phase.
- the output data of the second technical device can be fed directly to the head network 7 as an input, as can also be seen from FIG. 2.
- supplementary information can be fed to the head network 7 as an additional input, for example about the type or class of the input data or static measured values or mean values of less dynamic measured values.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202080076894.6A CN114616561A (zh) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | 确定技术设备的系统行为与标准值范围的不允许偏差的方法 |
JP2022523262A JP7450027B2 (ja) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | 技術装置のシステム挙動の標準値範囲からの許容されない偏差を判定する方法 |
KR1020227016991A KR20220092531A (ko) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | 표준값 범위로부터 기술 장치의 시스템 거동의 허용할 수 없는 편차를 결정하는 방법 |
US17/755,696 US20220374711A1 (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Method for Determining an Inadmissible Deviation of the System Behavior of a Technical Device from a Standard Value Range |
BR112022008252A BR112022008252A2 (pt) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Processo para determinação de um desvio inadmissível do comportamento de sistema de um dispositivo técnico de uma faixa de valores padrão |
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DE102019217071.4 | 2019-11-06 | ||
DE102019217071.4A DE102019217071A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer unzulässigen Abweichung des Systemverhaltens einer technischen Einrichtung von einem Normwertebereich |
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WO2021089659A1 true WO2021089659A1 (de) | 2021-05-14 |
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PCT/EP2020/081029 WO2021089659A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Verfahren zum ermitteln einer unzulässigen abweichung des systemverhaltens einer technischen einrichtung von einem normwertebereich |
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US (1) | US20220374711A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7450027B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220092531A (de) |
CN (1) | CN114616561A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112022008252A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019217071A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR3102870A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021089659A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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DE102021204849A1 (de) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-17 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Prädiktion einer Charakteristik einer Zielflotte |
DE102021213236A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bereitstellen eines Schätzwertes für mindestens einen Zustandsparameter und/oder Steuerparameter eines Systems |
Citations (4)
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WO2006131926A2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Drive Diagnostics Ltd. | System and method for displaying a driving profile |
US20190199743A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for recognizing anomalies in a data stream of a communication network |
WO2019168167A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-06 | 学校法人立命館 | 検証方法、検証装置、コンピュータプログラム、及び、検証システム |
DE102018206805B3 (de) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Computerprogramm zum Prädizieren einer zukünftigen Bewegung eines Objekts |
Family Cites Families (2)
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JPH0829538A (ja) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-02-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 放射線検出装置 |
JP6904057B2 (ja) | 2017-05-19 | 2021-07-14 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成システム及び画像形成方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-11-06 DE DE102019217071.4A patent/DE102019217071A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-11-02 FR FR2011210A patent/FR3102870A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-11-05 BR BR112022008252A patent/BR112022008252A2/pt unknown
- 2020-11-05 WO PCT/EP2020/081029 patent/WO2021089659A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-11-05 KR KR1020227016991A patent/KR20220092531A/ko unknown
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202080076894.6A patent/CN114616561A/zh active Pending
- 2020-11-05 JP JP2022523262A patent/JP7450027B2/ja active Active
- 2020-11-05 US US17/755,696 patent/US20220374711A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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WO2006131926A2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Drive Diagnostics Ltd. | System and method for displaying a driving profile |
US20190199743A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for recognizing anomalies in a data stream of a communication network |
WO2019168167A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-06 | 学校法人立命館 | 検証方法、検証装置、コンピュータプログラム、及び、検証システム |
DE102018206805B3 (de) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Computerprogramm zum Prädizieren einer zukünftigen Bewegung eines Objekts |
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RUBITA SUDIRMAN ET AL: "Pre-processing of input features using LPC and warping process", COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATIONS,&SIGNAL PROCESSING WITH SPECIAL TRACK ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 2005. CCSP 2005. 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 14 November 2005 (2005-11-14), pages 300 - 303, XP031461722, ISBN: 978-1-4244-0011-9 * |
TAILAI WEN ET AL: "Time Series Anomaly Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning", ARXIV.ORG, CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, 201 OLIN LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY ITHACA, NY 14853, 31 May 2019 (2019-05-31), XP081366563 * |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN114616561A (zh) | 2022-06-10 |
BR112022008252A2 (pt) | 2022-07-12 |
KR20220092531A (ko) | 2022-07-01 |
FR3102870A1 (fr) | 2021-05-07 |
JP2022552868A (ja) | 2022-12-20 |
US20220374711A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
JP7450027B2 (ja) | 2024-03-14 |
DE102019217071A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 |
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