WO2021083229A1 - 一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法 - Google Patents

一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021083229A1
WO2021083229A1 PCT/CN2020/124495 CN2020124495W WO2021083229A1 WO 2021083229 A1 WO2021083229 A1 WO 2021083229A1 CN 2020124495 W CN2020124495 W CN 2020124495W WO 2021083229 A1 WO2021083229 A1 WO 2021083229A1
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iron core
magnetic
magnetic valves
valves
silicon steel
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PCT/CN2020/124495
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李晓明
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李晓明
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of iron core reactors, and specifically relates to an iron core, an iron core reactor and a method.
  • Reactors are widely used in power systems.
  • an iron core can be added to the reactance coil.
  • the iron core of the reactor needs to be air gapped.
  • the existing air gap structure of the reactor iron core is composed of iron core cakes and air gap pads, due to iron core cakes and air gaps.
  • the structural characteristics of the cushion block, the iron core reactor of this structure has the problems of large vibration and large noise during operation.
  • the Chinese invention patent CN109273212A proposes an iron core structure, an iron core reactor and a method, which can solve the vibration and noise during operation caused by the existing air gap structure. Problem, and has a relatively good linearity. However, studies have shown that the linearity of the iron core of the iron core reactor can be further improved.
  • the present disclosure proposes an iron core, an iron core reactor and a method.
  • the present disclosure not only enables the iron core of the iron core reactor to not require an air gap, but also has better electrical linearity and better Mechanical strength.
  • the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An iron core is composed of laminated magnetic conductive sheets, a plurality of magnetic valves are arranged on the iron core column where the coil is located, and the magnetic valves include at least two groups, and the shapes of the magnetic valves of each group are different;
  • the magnetic valves of different shapes are arranged alternately on the magnetic conductive sheet, so that the magnetic flux path of the iron core on the magnetic conductive sheet is a curved path, and at least one path is continuous and uninterrupted;
  • All the magnetic fluxes traveling straight in the radial direction of the iron core column where the coil is located pass at least one air gap of a magnetic valve, and the sum of the air gap lengths of the passed magnetic valves are equal.
  • a plurality of magnetic valves are arranged on each silicon steel sheet, and the cross-sectional area of the remaining iron core at each magnetic valve is K ⁇ M, where K is a coefficient, and 0 ⁇ K ⁇ 0.5, and M is non-magnetic The cross-sectional area of the core column at the valve.
  • each group of magnetic valves is processed on different magnetically conductive sheets, and the magnetically conductive sheets are arranged in a layered manner.
  • magnetically conductive sheets with magnetic valves of different shapes are alternately stacked in sequence
  • a plurality of magnetically conductive sheets with the same first shape magnetic valve are laminated and divided into two, and the magnetically conductive sheets with the same second shape magnetic valve are laminated and sandwiched between two magnetic valves with the same first shape In the middle of the laminated structure of multiple magnetic conductive sheets;
  • the magnetically conductive sheets with the magnetic valves of the same shape are laminated to form a laminated structure, and the laminated structures with magnetic valves of different shapes are alternately arranged with each other.
  • two adjacent magnetic valves of different shapes shield each other's core space of non-magnetic valves, so that the magnetic flux path of the core on the magnetic conductive sheet needs to bypass the magnetic valves of each side, forming a curved path .
  • the curved path is S-shaped, and at least a part of the magnetic flux traveling straight in the radial direction must pass through the air gaps of two adjacent magnetic valves.
  • each group of magnetic valves is composed of two magnetic valves with different shapes.
  • one of the magnetic valves is a cavity
  • the shape of the cavity is a hexagon, formed by setting an isosceles triangle with a height of L2 on both sides of a rectangle with a length of L1, and the base of the isosceles triangle It is equal to the width of the rectangle and equal to H.
  • one of the magnetic valves has a left-notched pentagonal shape, which is a rectangle with a length L2 combined on the non-notched side of the rectangle of length L1;
  • the other magnetic valve has a right-notched pentagonal shape, which is a rectangle with a length of L2 combined on the non-notched side of a rectangle with a length of L1;
  • the height of the rectangle of length L1 is H
  • the height of the rectangle of length L2 is 0.5H
  • (2 ⁇ L1+L2) L
  • L is the width of the iron core column on the iron core column plane where the size of the magnetic valve is marked.
  • An iron core reactor includes the iron core described above.
  • a method for manufacturing an iron core reactor A plurality of magnetic valves are arranged on the iron core column where the coil is located, and the magnetic valves include at least two groups, and the two groups of magnetic valves have different shapes;
  • the magnetic valves of different shapes are alternately arranged on the magnetic conductive sheet, so that the magnetic flux path of the iron core on the magnetic conductive sheet is a curved path, and at least one path is continuous and uninterrupted;
  • the magnetic conductive sheets are superimposed and arranged.
  • the magnetic flux of all the iron core columns traveling in a straight line passes through at least one air gap of the magnetic valve, and the air gap lengths of the passed magnetic valves are equal. .
  • the sum of the gap lengths is equal, so that the iron core reactor has better linearity.
  • the two adjacent magnetic valves of the present disclosure have a certain overlap in the axial direction of the iron core, so that the iron core space of the corresponding non-magnetic valve of the other side is mutually shielded, and the magnetic flux path of the iron core on the silicon steel sheet bypasses the magnetic valve of the other side. It is a curved path; the magnetic flux path in the silicon steel sheet with a magnetic valve is large, the iron core magnetic flux path is bent more times, the iron core magnetic flux path is narrow, and the linearity of the iron core reactor is good.
  • the iron core column is laminated by silicon steel sheets, and the magnetic valve can be directly processed on the silicon steel sheet.
  • the preparation process is simple.
  • the edge gap of a silicon steel sheet can be The iron core part of another silicon steel sheet is protected and supported, which can strengthen the mechanical strength of the iron core column.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of the first type of magnetic conductive sheet
  • Figure 2 shows a partial enlarged view of the first type of magnetic conductive sheet
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of the second type of magnetic conductive sheet
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of a third type of magnetically conductive sheet
  • Figure 5 shows a partial enlarged view of the third type of magnetic conductive sheet
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of the fourth type of magnetic conductive sheet
  • azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure, and cannot be understood as a reference to the present disclosure. Disclosure restrictions.
  • the magnetic valve is processed on the iron core of the iron core reactor, that is, the iron core cross-sectional area of most sections of the iron core magnetic flux path of the iron core reactor remains unchanged.
  • the shape of the magnetic valve can be rectangular, stepped, triangular, or other shapes; it can also be a combination of several shapes, and the magnetic valve can also be designed inside the iron core.
  • this embodiment takes the iron core of a single-phase iron core reactor as an example.
  • the iron core of the transformer mainly plays the role of magnetic permeability and also the role of the skeleton.
  • transformer cores There are many materials for transformer cores, the common ones are: 1. Pure iron, mild steel and silicon-free steel; 2. Silicon steel sheet; 3. Iron-nickel alloy (permalloy); 4. Iron-aluminum alloy; 5. Amorphous Alloy; 6. Microcrystalline alloy; 7. Ferrite, etc.
  • the existing iron core is laminated with painted silicon steel sheets; silicon steel sheets are commonly known as silicon steel sheets or silicon steel sheets.
  • thin plates of various materials are collectively referred to as magnetic conductive sheets.
  • this embodiment uses silicon steel sheets as an example for description. However, in other embodiments, it is not limited to this.
  • the iron core of the iron core reactor is formed by stacking multiple silicon steel sheets.
  • the magnetic valve For the iron core processing magnetic valve of the iron core reactor, the magnetic valve must be processed on the silicon steel sheet that constitutes the iron core, and then the processed silicon steel sheet is laminated to form the magnetic valve structure of the iron core column.
  • the center column of the iron core of the single-phase iron core reactor is wound with a coil, the center column and the two side columns form a closed-loop magnetic flux path, and the iron core column with the coil is provided with a magnetic valve.
  • FIG. 1 The figure of the first type of silicon steel sheet forming the core column is shown in Figure 1.
  • a kind of magnetic valve is to cut off the middle part of the silicon steel sheet, and form a rectangular and two triangular cavity 1 in the middle of the silicon steel sheet.
  • the two sides of the cavity 1 retain the iron core.
  • the cavity can also be called a hole.
  • Figure 1 Figure 2
  • Another type of solenoid valve is to cut off the two sides of the silicon steel sheet symmetrically.
  • a pair of rectangular and triangular cavities 2 are formed on both sides of the silicon steel sheet.
  • the iron core is retained in the middle of the cavities 2.
  • the cavities can also be called gaps.
  • Figure 1 Figure 2.
  • the magnetic valve is composed of more than two kinds of magnetic valves with different shapes, and a group or array of magnetic valves are arranged in sequence on the silicon steel sheet.
  • the two adjacent magnetic valves on the silicon steel sheet block each other's non-magnetic valve core space, so that the core magnetic flux path of the silicon steel sheet flows through the non-magnetic valve channel and is blocked by the other kind of magnetic valve. It must bypass the other side's magnetic valve. It continues to circulate forward, and the iron core circulation path of magnetic flux is a curved iron core path.
  • the two adjacent magnetic valves on the silicon steel sheet block each other's core space of the non-magnetic valve, that is, at least a part of the magnetic flux traveling in a straight line must pass through the air gaps of the adjacent two magnetic valves.
  • the cross-sectional area of the core column of the silicon steel sheet is M when the solenoid valve is not processed, the cross-sectional area of the remaining core at the solenoid valve should be K ⁇ M, where: K is greater than 0 and less than 0.5.
  • the magnetic flux has a tendency to circulate in the shortest path, that is, the magnetic flux has a tendency to circulate in a straight line in the cylindrical silicon steel sheet.
  • it is necessary to ensure that all linear magnetic fluxes circulating in the silicon steel sheet have the same or nearly the same experience. That is, the sum of the air gap lengths of all the magnetic valves in the core column section of the silicon steel sheet and the radial linear magnetic flux path of the core column is equal, and the total length of the iron core passed by the linear magnetic flux path is equal.
  • Fig. 1 is the shape of the first silicon steel sheet in the iron core of the iron core reactor
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1.
  • the combined height of the two sides of the rectangle of length L1 is equal to
  • the two isosceles triangles of L2 form cavity 1, where: the base of the isosceles triangle is equal to the height of the rectangle, which is equal to H, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the magnetic valve is composed of a rectangle of length L1 combined with an isosceles triangle whose height is equal to L2; in fact, it is also possible for the magnetic valve to be composed of a rectangle of length L1 combined with triangles of other shapes whose height is equal to L2, for example, : It can be a right-angled triangle, or a triangle of other shapes.
  • K 0.2 ⁇ 0.3, which can better meet the requirements.
  • the essence is that the longer the curved iron core path in the silicon steel sheet where the solenoid valve is located, the better the linearity of the iron core reactor. Therefore, the more the number of magnetic valves in the silicon steel sheet, the more bends the curved path of the iron core turns, and the longer the path, the better the linearity of the iron core reactor.
  • the more the number of magnetic valves in the silicon steel sheet the smaller the connection strength of the silicon steel sheet, and an external mechanical structure is needed to strengthen the mechanical fixing strength of the iron core.
  • the distance between the two magnetic valves in the silicon steel sheet determines the width of the core S-curve path. Therefore, the distance between the two magnetic valves in the silicon steel sheet should be reasonably balanced between the linear characteristics of the iron core reactor and the mechanical strength of the silicon steel sheet.
  • FIG 3 The figure of the second type of silicon steel sheet of the iron core column is shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 3 the middle part of the iron core column is also removed, and a rectangular cavity 1 combined with two triangles is formed in the middle of the iron core, and the iron core is retained on both sides of the cavity 1.
  • the second type of silicon steel sheet magnetic valve pattern is different from the first type of silicon steel sheet pattern in that the position of the second type of silicon steel sheet cavity 1 falls on the position of the first type of silicon steel sheet cavity 2, and the second type of silicon steel sheet has a concave pattern.
  • the position of the hole 2 falls on the position of the hole 1 of the first silicon steel sheet.
  • the iron core of the iron core reactor is entirely composed of one shape of silicon steel sheets laminated, and its mechanical strength does not meet the requirements, two kinds of silicon steel sheets can be laminated to improve the mechanical strength of the iron core.
  • the iron core of the iron core reactor is completely laminated with silicon steel sheets of the first shape as shown in Figure 1, the edge of the iron core column is notched (ie cavity 2), and there is only a small amount in the middle of cavity 2
  • the iron core supports the iron core column, and the gap part of the silicon steel sheet cavity 2 is a weak link in the mechanical strength of the silicon steel sheet.
  • the iron core column of the iron core reactor is composed of a laminated silicon steel sheet, all the silicon steel sheet holes 2 are notches.
  • the mechanical strength of this position is very weak, and it is easy to be broken by external force. If the first type of silicon steel sheet and the second type of silicon steel sheet are laminated to form an iron core column, the notches 2 of the two silicon steel sheets are supported by the iron core of the other silicon steel sheet. The weak links of the two silicon steel sheets are protected and supported by the iron core of the other silicon steel sheet, and the mechanical strength of the iron core column of the iron core reactor can be improved.
  • the silicon steel sheet of the iron core column of the iron core reactor may be composed of two or more shapes of silicon steel sheets laminated.
  • the first type of silicon steel sheet in Figure 1 and the second type of silicon steel sheet in Figure 3 are alternately laminated, and the weak links of the two silicon steel sheets are protected and supported by the remaining iron core of the cavity 1 of the other silicon steel sheet, and the iron core column
  • the mechanical strength is relatively high.
  • the iron core column of the iron core reactor can be composed of two kinds of silicon steel sheets alternately stacked, or one of the silicon steel sheets can be laminated and divided into two, and the other laminated silicon steel sheets can be sandwiched in between, or one of them can be After the silicon steel sheet is laminated, it is divided into multiple parts evenly, and another laminated silicon steel sheet is evenly sandwiched in the middle.
  • the iron core column of the iron core reactor is composed of two types of silicon steel sheets stacked, and the number of layers of the two silicon steel sheets can be equal or unequal.
  • the flow path of magnetic flux through the laminated silicon steel sheets may be shorter than the flow path of the silicon steel sheets themselves, but the laminated magnetic resistance and gaps between the silicon steel sheets will hinder the magnetic field. Pass through the circulation path of laminated silicon steel sheets.
  • the number of layers of one kind of silicon steel sheet be 1/3 of that of the other kind of silicon steel sheet.
  • the structure of the iron core column is described by stacking silicon steel sheets of two shapes in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3.
  • Figure 1 and other shapes of silicon steel sheets can also be laminated to form an iron core column. As long as one of the weak links of the silicon steel sheet is protected and supported by the remaining iron core of the other silicon steel sheet, it can improve the mechanical strength of the iron core column.
  • the iron-core column in the iron-core reactor coil is not interrupted.
  • the magnetic flux path of the iron core on the iron core column where the magnetic valve is located is continuous and uninterrupted, so that the magnetic flux has a path that can circulate continuously in the iron core medium, and this path ensures the overall mechanical strength of the iron core column.
  • Two or more silicon steel sheets are laminated to form the iron core column in the iron core reactor, ensuring that the iron core column has sufficient mechanical strength to be fixed and will not be deformed during operation.
  • the iron core column is discontinuous, and the iron core cake and the air gap pad need to be added in the middle of the discontinuous iron core column, and a strong mechanical fixing screw is required to fix these discus cakes. Therefore, the iron core reactor of the present invention has low vibration and low noise during operation.
  • the iron core of the iron core reactor is not laminated with silicon steel sheets, it is integrated. Then the shape and structure of the above-mentioned iron core remain unchanged, as long as the paint between the magnetic conductive sheets (silicon steel sheets) is removed, and the magnetic conductive sheets are integrated.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 4.
  • the right side of the length L1 rectangle is combined with the length L2 rectangle to form the left side magnetic valve.
  • a rectangle of length L2 is combined to form a right magnetic valve, in which: the height of the rectangle of length L1 is H, and the height of the rectangle of length L2 is 0.5H, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the left side magnetic valve and the right side magnetic valve form a group of magnetic valves, and the iron core column is composed of a group or group of such magnetic valves.
  • Figure 4 is composed of four sets of magnetic valves.
  • Example 2 The analysis method of Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1. The same parts of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 will not be redundant.
  • the preparation details of the iron core of the iron core reactor provided above can be designed and manufactured with the existing technology, which can be completely realized and has broad application prospects.

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Abstract

一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法，铁芯由导磁薄片层叠构成，线圈所在铁芯柱上设置有多个磁阀，且所述磁阀至少包括两组，每组磁阀的形状不同；不同形状的磁阀在导磁薄片上交替排列，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁通路径呈弯曲路径，且至少有一条路径连续不间断；磁阀所在的铁芯柱中，所有铁芯柱径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和均相等，使铁芯电抗器有更好的线性度。

Description

一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法 技术领域
本公开属于铁芯电抗器技术领域，具体涉及一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
电抗器在电力系统中的应用非常广泛。为了提高电抗器的电抗值，电抗线圈中可加入铁芯。有铁芯的电抗器为了获得线性特性，电抗器铁芯需要加气隙，然而，现有的电抗器铁芯气隙结构都是由铁芯饼和气隙垫块构成，由于铁芯饼和气隙垫块的结构特征，这种结构的铁芯电抗器在运行过程中存在振动大、噪声大的问题。
据发明人了解，目前已有文献力求解决上述问题，例如中国发明专利CN109273212A提出一种铁芯结构、铁芯电抗器及方法，能够解决现有的气隙结构带来的运行时的振动和噪声问题，且有比较好的线性度。但研究表明，该铁芯电抗器的铁芯的线性度还可以进一步提高。
发明内容
本公开为了解决上述问题，提出了一种铁芯、铁芯电抗器及方法，本公开不仅能够使铁芯电抗器的铁芯不需要气隙，同时有较好的电气线性度和较好的机械强度。
根据一些实施例，本公开采用如下技术方案：
一种铁芯，由导磁薄片层叠构成，线圈所在铁芯柱上设置有多个磁阀，且所述磁阀至少包括两组，且各组磁阀的形状不同；
不同形状的磁阀在导磁薄片上交替排列，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁通路径呈弯曲路径，且至少有一条路径连续不间断；
线圈所在铁芯柱的所有径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和均相等。
作为可选择的实施方式，各矽钢片上设置有多个磁阀，各磁阀处的剩余铁芯截面积是K×M，其中，K为系数，且0＜K＜0.5，M是无磁阀处的铁芯柱截面积。
作为可选择的实施方式，每组磁阀加工在不同的导磁薄片上，各导磁薄片层叠布设。
作为可选择的实施方式，具有不同形状磁阀的导磁薄片依次交替层叠设置；
或，具有相同的第一形状磁阀的多个导磁薄片层叠后一分为二，具有相同的第二形状磁阀的导磁薄片层叠后，夹在两块具有相同的第一形状磁阀的多个导磁薄片层叠结构的中间；
或，具有同一形状磁阀的导磁薄片层叠，形成层叠结构，具有不同形状磁阀的层叠结构相互交替布设。
作为可选择的实施方式，相邻的两个不同形状的磁阀互相遮挡对方非磁阀的铁芯空间，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁通路径需要绕过各方磁 阀，呈弯曲路径。
作为可选择的实施方式，所述弯曲路径呈S形，径向直线行走的磁通至少有一部分必须经过相邻的两种磁阀的气隙。
作为可选择的实施方式，每一组磁阀均由两种形状不同磁阀构成。
更为具体的，其中一种磁阀是空洞，且该空洞的形状为六边形，由长度是L1的矩形两侧分别设置一高为L2的等腰三角形形成，且等腰三角形的底边与矩形的宽度相等，等于H。
另一种磁阀是缺口，且该缺口的形状为四边形，由长度L3的矩形一侧连接高是L2的等腰三角形形成，且等腰三角形的底边与矩形的高相等，等于H；且(L1+2×L2+2×L3)＝L，L为标记磁阀尺寸所在铁芯柱平面上铁芯柱的宽度。
当然，作为另一种可选择的实施方式，其中一种磁阀的形状为左缺口五边形，是在长度L1的矩形非缺口一侧组合长度L2的矩形；
另一种磁阀的形状为右缺口五边形，是在一个长度L1的矩形的非缺口一侧组合长度L2的矩形；
其中：长度L1的矩形的高是H,长度L2的矩形的高是0.5H；且(2×L1+L2)＝L，L为标记磁阀尺寸所在铁芯柱平面上铁芯柱的宽度。
一种铁芯电抗器，包括上述铁芯。
一种铁芯电抗器制造方法，在线圈所在铁芯柱上设置多个磁阀，且所述磁阀至少包括两组，且两组磁阀的形状不同；
不同形状的磁阀在导磁薄片上交替排列，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁 通路径呈弯曲路径，且至少有一条路径连续不间断；
各导磁薄片叠加布设，磁阀所在的铁芯柱中，所有铁芯柱径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和均相等。
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果为：
本公开的磁阀所在铁芯柱中所有与铁芯柱径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且铁芯柱径向直线行走的各条磁通所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和皆相等，使铁芯电抗器有更好的线性度。
本公开相邻的两个磁阀在铁芯轴向方向上具有一定的重叠，使得相互遮挡对方对应的非磁阀的铁芯空间，使硅钢片上的铁芯磁通路径绕过对方磁阀，呈弯曲路径；有磁阀的硅钢片中的磁通路径弯曲度大，铁芯磁通路径弯曲次数多，铁芯磁通路径窄，铁芯电抗器的线性度好。
同时，铁芯柱是由硅钢片层叠而成，磁阀可以直接加工在硅钢片上，制备过程简单，同时，通过加工有不同磁阀形状的硅钢片层叠，可以使一种硅钢片的边缘缺口被另一种硅钢片的铁芯部分保护与支撑，可加强铁芯柱的机械强度。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1表示第一种导磁薄片的形状示意图；
图2表示第一种导磁薄片的局部放大图；
图3表示第二种导磁薄片的形状示意图；
图4表示第三种导磁薄片的形状示意图；
图5表示第三种导磁薄片的局部放大图；
图6表示第四种导磁薄片的形状示意图；
其中，1、空洞，2、凹洞。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本公开作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理 解，表示可以是固定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
首先，进行必要的解释。
在铁芯电抗器的铁芯上加工磁阀，就是铁芯电抗器的铁芯磁通路径大部分区段的铁芯截面积保持不变，在铁芯电抗器有线圈的铁芯柱上，把铁芯柱某一小区段的铁芯部分削除，使该区段铁芯截面积小于其他区段的铁芯截面积。磁阀的形状可以是矩形，阶梯形状，三角形磁阀，或其他形状；也可是几种形状的组合，磁阀还可以设计在铁芯内部。铁芯上的磁阀可以是一个、两个、或多个。可以将磁阀的数量、形状、排布方式中的一项或多项均进行变换，只要是在铁芯上利用磁阀来获得一定的气隙即可。
实施例1：
为了说明问题方便，本实施例以单相铁芯电抗器的铁芯为例。变压器铁芯主要起导磁作用，还有骨架的作用。变压器铁芯有多种材料，常见的有：1.纯铁、软钢和无硅钢；2.硅钢片；3.铁镍合金(坡莫合金)；4.铁铝合金；5.非晶态合金；6.微晶合金；7.铁氧体等。为了减少铁芯内涡流和磁滞损耗，现有铁芯由涂漆的硅钢片叠压而成；硅钢薄板俗称矽钢片或硅钢片。为表述方便，各种材料的薄板统称为导磁薄片。
为表述方便，本实施例以硅钢片为例进行描述。但在其他实施例中，并不仅限于此。
铁芯电抗器的铁芯由多张硅钢片层叠而成。对铁芯电抗器的铁芯加工磁阀，先要对构成铁芯的硅钢片加工磁阀，然后加工后的硅钢片层叠，构成铁芯柱的磁阀结构。单相铁芯电抗器的铁芯的中柱绕有线圈，中柱与两个边柱形成闭环磁通路径，有线圈的铁芯柱上有磁阀。
构成铁芯柱的第一种硅钢片的图形如图1所示。图1中，一种磁阀是削除硅钢片中间部分，在硅钢片中间位置形成一个矩形与两个三角形相结合的空洞1，空洞1两边保留铁芯，当然，空洞也可称之为孔洞，如图1、图2所示。另一种磁阀是对称地削除硅钢片两边部分，在硅钢片两边位置形成矩形与三角形相结合的一对凹洞2，凹洞2的中间保留铁芯，凹洞也可称之为缺口，如图1、图2所示。磁阀由两种以上形状不同的磁阀构成一组，硅钢片上一组或数组磁阀依次排列。硅钢片上相邻的两种磁阀互相遮挡对方非磁阀的铁芯空间，使硅钢片的铁芯磁通路径从非磁阀通道流过后被另一种磁阀遮挡，必须绕过对方磁阀才继续向前流通，磁通的铁芯流通路径呈弯曲铁芯路径。硅钢片上相邻的两种磁阀互相遮挡对方非磁阀的铁芯空间，也就是，径向直线行走的磁通至少有一部分必须经过相邻的两种磁阀的气隙。
为了保证硅钢片上流通的磁通没有直线铁芯路径，只有S形弯曲铁芯路径。如果硅钢片没有加工磁阀时的铁芯柱截面积是M,磁阀处的剩余铁芯截面积应该是K×M，其中：K大于0，小于0.5。
由于磁通有最短路径流通的趋势，即磁通在柱状硅钢片中有直线流通的趋势。为了保证铁芯电抗器的线性特性，需要保证硅钢片中流通的所有直线磁通都有相同或接近相同的经历。也就是铁芯柱区段的硅钢片中所有与铁芯柱径向直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，且直线磁通路径所经过的铁芯长度总和相等。
图1是铁芯电抗器的铁芯中第一种硅钢片的形状，图2是图1的局部放大图。为了保证铁芯柱区段中所有与铁芯柱径向直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，在组成铁芯柱的硅钢片上，长度L1的矩形两侧分别组合高等于L2的两个等腰三角形，构成空洞1，其中：等腰三角形的底边与矩形的高相等，等于H，如图2所示。在长度L3的矩形一侧组合高等于L2的等腰三角形，一对这样的磁阀形成的凹洞2，其中：等腰三角形的底边与矩形的高相等，等于H，如图2所示。且符合(L1+2×L2+2×L3)＝L。空洞1与凹洞2组成一组磁阀，一张硅钢片由一组或数组磁阀构成。例如：图1就是由四组磁阀构成。不难看出，铁芯柱区段中的硅钢片所有直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，直线磁通路径所经过的铁芯长度总和也是相等的。
图1、图2中的实施例，其磁阀是由长度L1的矩形组合高等于L2的等腰三角形；其实磁阀由长度L1的矩形组合高等于L2的其他形状的三角形也是可以的，例如：可以是直角三角形，或其他形状的三角形。
从图1可以看出，如果磁阀处的剩余铁芯截面积是K×M,其中：K等于0.5。硅钢片的铁芯刚好没有直线铁芯磁通路径，硅钢片上的铁芯柱径向直线磁通都需要通过磁阀气隙。磁通如果只在铁芯中流通，只能走弯曲路径。这时的弯曲路径的弯曲度很小。如果K等于0.2。不难看出，磁通只能走更加弯曲的路径。研究表明：K越小，弯曲路径的弯曲度越大，铁芯电抗器的线性度越好。但是，K越小，硅钢片的磁阀越大，磁阀处剩余的铁芯越小，硅钢片的连接强度就越小，需要外加机械结构来加强硅钢片的机械强度。反之，K越大，铁芯电抗器的线性度越差；但硅钢片的连接强度就越大。所以，K要合理选择，保证铁芯电抗器的线性度与硅钢片的连接强度之间的合理平衡。经验表明：K＝0.2～0.3，能较好满足要求。
铁芯柱中磁通的铁芯路径的S弯曲度越大，铁芯电抗器的线性度越好。其本质是磁阀所在硅钢片中的弯曲铁芯路径越长，铁芯电抗器的线性度越好。所以，硅钢片中磁阀的组数越多，铁芯的弯曲路径拐的弯越多，路径越长，铁芯电抗器的线性度越好。但是，硅钢片中磁阀的组数越多，硅钢片的连接强度就越小，需要外加机械结构来加强铁芯的机械固定强度。反之，磁阀的组数越少，铁芯电抗器的线性度越差；但硅钢片的连接强度就越大。所以，需要合理选择硅钢片中磁阀的组数。一般情况，磁阀的组数为四组左右的时候铁芯结构较合理。
由K大于零，所以，硅钢片没有间断，硅钢片上的铁芯磁通路径连续不间断，使磁通有可以连续在铁芯介质中流通的路径，该路径保 证硅钢片整体机械强度。硅钢片依靠S曲线的铁芯结构支撑，铁芯S曲线路径越宽，磁通越易流通，铁芯电抗器的线性特性差，硅钢片的机械强度越强；反之，铁芯S曲线路径越窄，磁通流通越困难，铁芯电抗器的线性特性越好，硅钢片的机械强度越差。硅钢片中两种磁阀排列的距离确定铁芯S曲线路径的宽窄，因此，硅钢片中两种磁阀排列的距离要合理平衡铁芯电抗器的线性特性与硅钢片机械强度的矛盾。
铁芯柱的第二种硅钢片的图形如图3所示。图3中，也是削除铁芯柱中间部分，在铁芯中间位置形成一个矩形与两个三角形相结合的空洞1，空洞1两边保留铁芯。也有另一种磁阀是对称地削除铁芯柱两边部分，在硅钢片两边位置形成矩形与三角形相结合的一对凹洞2，凹洞2的中间保留铁芯。但是，第二种硅钢片磁阀图形与第一种硅钢片图形不同的是，第二种硅钢片空洞1的位置落在第一种硅钢片凹洞2的位置，第二种硅钢片的凹洞2的位置落在第一种硅钢片空洞1的位置。如果铁芯电抗器的铁芯完全由图1所示的第一种形状的硅钢片层叠构成，且铁芯的机械强度满足要求，则铁芯电抗器的铁芯应完全由一种形状的硅钢片层叠构成。铁芯电抗器也可以完全由图3所示的第二种形状的硅钢片层叠构成，由图1所示的第一种形状的硅钢片层叠构成的铁芯电抗器特性与由图3所示的第二种形状的硅钢片层叠构成的铁芯电抗器特性是等效的。
如果铁芯电抗器的铁芯完全由一种形状的硅钢片层叠构成，其机械强度不满足要求，则可以采取两种硅钢片层叠的方式来提高铁芯的机械强度。例如：如果铁芯电抗器的铁芯完全由图1所示的第一种形状的硅钢片层叠构成，则铁芯柱的边缘有缺口(即凹洞2)，凹洞2中间只有较少的铁芯支撑铁芯柱，硅钢片的凹洞2的缺口部分是硅钢片机械强度薄弱环节，如果铁芯电抗器的铁芯柱由一种硅钢片层叠构成，所有硅钢片凹洞2的缺口都处于同一位置，这个位置的机械强度就很弱，很容易被外力折断。如果采取第一种硅钢片与第二种硅钢片层叠的方式构成铁芯柱，两种硅钢片凹洞2的缺口都被另一种硅钢片的铁芯支撑。两种硅钢片机械强度薄弱的环节都被另一种硅钢片的铁芯保护与支撑，铁芯电抗器的铁芯柱的机械强度就可得到提高。
为了加强铁芯电抗器铁芯柱的机械强度，铁芯电抗器铁芯柱的硅钢片可以由两种形状，或两种形状以上的硅钢片层叠构成。例如：图1第一种硅钢片与图3第二种硅钢片交替层叠，两种硅钢片机械强度薄弱的环节都被另一种硅钢片的空洞1的剩余铁芯保护与支撑，铁芯柱的机械强度就比较高。铁芯电抗器的铁芯柱可以由两种硅钢片交替层叠构成，也可以把其中一种硅钢片层叠后一分为二，把另一种层叠的硅钢片夹在中间，还可以其中一种硅钢片层叠后平均分为多份，把另一种层叠的硅钢片平均地夹在中间。铁芯电抗器的铁芯柱由两种形状的硅钢片层叠构成，两种硅钢片的层数可以相等，也可以不相等。铁芯电抗器线圈中的铁芯柱由硅钢片层叠后，磁通通过层叠硅钢片的 流通路径可能短于硅钢片自身的流通路径，但硅钢片之间的叠层磁阻和间隙会阻碍磁通通过层叠硅钢片的流通路径。为了进一步减少磁通从一种硅钢片到另一种硅钢片的层间行走，建议一种硅钢片的层数是另一种硅钢片的1/3。
需要说明：本实施例以图1与图3两种形状硅钢片层叠来说明铁芯柱的构成。实际上，图1与其他形状硅钢片层叠也可以构成铁芯柱。只要其中一种硅钢片机械强度薄弱的环节都被另一种硅钢片的剩余铁芯保护与支撑，起到提高铁芯柱机械强度的作用即可。
由K大于零，所以，铁芯电抗器线圈中的铁芯柱没有间断。磁阀所在铁芯柱上的铁芯磁通路径连续不间断，使磁通有可以连续在铁芯介质中流通的路径，该路径保证铁芯柱整体机械强度。两种或两种以上硅钢片层叠构成铁芯电抗器中的铁芯柱，保证铁芯柱有足够机械强度固定，运行中不会变形。不必像现有铁芯气隙电抗器，铁芯柱是间断的，间断的铁芯柱中间需要加铁芯饼和气隙垫块，需要很强的机械固定螺杆来固定这些铁饼。因此，本发明的铁芯电抗器运行过程，振动小，噪音小。
如果铁芯电抗器的铁芯不采用硅钢片层叠构成，而是一体的。则上述铁芯的形状结构不变，只要把导磁薄片(硅钢片)之间的涂漆去除，且把导磁薄片融为一体即可。
实施例2：
另一种构成铁芯电抗器的铁芯的两种硅钢片，如图4与图6所示。图5是图4的局部放大图。为了保证铁芯柱中所有直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，在长度L1的矩形右侧组合长度L2的矩形，构成左侧磁阀。在另一个长度L1的矩形左侧组合长度L2的矩形，构成右侧磁阀，其中：长度L1的矩形的高是H,长度L2的矩形的高是0.5H，如图5所示。且符合(2×L1+L2)＝L。左侧磁阀与右侧磁阀组成一组磁阀，铁芯柱由一组或数组这样的磁阀构成。例如：图4就是由四组磁阀构成。
不难看出，完全由图4所示形状的硅钢片构成的铁芯柱，其铁芯柱区段中的硅钢片所有直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，直线磁通路径所经过的铁芯长度总和也是相等的。完全由图6所示形状的硅钢片构成的铁芯柱，其铁芯柱区段中的硅钢片所有直线磁通路径所经过的磁阀的气隙长度总和相等，直线磁通路径所经过的铁芯长度总和也是相等的。
如果单独用图4所示形状的硅钢片构成的铁芯柱，或单独用图6所示形状的硅钢片构成的铁芯柱，其铁芯柱的机械强度不够，则可以采用图4与图6所示形状的两种硅钢片构成铁芯柱。图4与图6所示形状的两种硅钢片共同构成铁芯柱，其中一种硅钢片机械强度薄弱的环节都被另一种硅钢片的剩余铁芯保护与支撑，起到提高铁芯柱机械强度的作用。
实施例2的分析方法与实施例1相同。实施例2与实施例1相同的部分不再累赘。
与实施例1相同的分析，不再累赘。
上述提供的一种铁芯电抗器的铁芯的制备细节，可用现有技术设计制造，完全可以实现，有广阔应用前景。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本公开保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铁芯，由导磁薄片层叠构成，其特征是：线圈所在铁芯柱上设置有多个磁阀，且所述磁阀至少包括两组，每组磁阀的形状不同；
    不同形状的磁阀在导磁薄片上交替排列，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁通路径呈弯曲路径，且至少有一条路径连续不间断；
    线圈所在铁芯柱的所有径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和均相等。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：导磁薄片上设置有多个磁阀，各磁阀处的剩余铁芯截面积是K×M,其中，K为系数，且0＜K＜0.5，M是无磁阀处的铁芯柱截面积。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：不同组的磁阀设置在不同的导磁薄片上，各导磁薄片层叠布设。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：具有不同形状磁阀的各导磁薄片依次交替层叠设置；
    或，具有相同的第一形状磁阀的多个导磁薄片层叠后一分为二，具有相同的第二形状磁阀的导磁薄片层叠后，夹在两块具有相同的第一形状磁阀的多个导磁薄片层叠结构的中间；
    或，具有同一形状磁阀的导磁薄片层叠，形成层叠结构，具有不同形状磁阀的层叠结构相互交替布设。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：相邻的两个不同形状的磁阀互相遮挡对方非磁阀的铁芯空间，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁 通路径需要绕过各方磁阀，呈弯曲路径。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：所述弯曲路径呈S形，径向直线行走的磁通至少有一部分必须经过相邻的两种磁阀的气隙。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：每一组磁阀均由两种形状不同磁阀构成，其中一种磁阀是空洞，且该空洞的形状为六边形，由长度是L1的矩形两侧分别设置一高为L2的等腰三角形形成，且等腰三角形的底边与矩形的宽度相等，等于H；
    另一种磁阀是缺口，且该缺口的形状为四边形，由长度L3的矩形一侧连接高是L2的等腰三角形形成，且等腰三角形的底边与矩形的高相等，等于H；且(L1+2×L2+2×L3)＝L，L为标记磁阀尺寸所在铁芯柱平面上铁芯柱的宽度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种铁芯，其特征是：每一组磁阀均由两种形状不同磁阀构成，其中一种磁阀的形状为左缺口五边形，是在长度L1的矩形的非缺口一侧组合长度L2的矩形；
    另一种磁阀的形状为右缺口五边形，是在一个长度L1的矩形的非缺口一侧组合长度L2的矩形；
    其中：长度L1的矩形的高是H,长度L2的矩形的高是0.5H；且(2×L1+L2)＝L，L为标记磁阀尺寸所在铁芯柱平面上铁芯柱的宽度。
  9. 一种铁芯电抗器，其特征是：包括权利要求1-8中任一项所述的铁芯。
  10. 一种铁芯电抗器制造方法，其特征是：在线圈所在铁芯柱上设置多个磁阀，且所述磁阀至少包括两组，每组磁阀的形状不同；
    不同形状的磁阀在导磁薄片上交替排列，使导磁薄片上的铁芯磁通路径呈弯曲路径，且至少有一条路径连续不间断；
    各导磁薄片叠加布设，线圈所在铁芯柱的所有径向直线行走的磁通至少经过一个磁阀的气隙，且所经过的磁阀的气隙长度之和均相等。
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