WO2021082609A1 - 一种农业机械自动转向装置 - Google Patents

一种农业机械自动转向装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082609A1
WO2021082609A1 PCT/CN2020/108168 CN2020108168W WO2021082609A1 WO 2021082609 A1 WO2021082609 A1 WO 2021082609A1 CN 2020108168 W CN2020108168 W CN 2020108168W WO 2021082609 A1 WO2021082609 A1 WO 2021082609A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steering
unit
agricultural machinery
control unit
angle value
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/108168
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
印祥
杜娟
金诚谦
于明群
王宪良
陈玉龙
倪有亮
Original Assignee
山东理工大学
农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所
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Publication of WO2021082609A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082609A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/10—Path keeping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B69/00—Steering of agricultural machines or implements; Guiding agricultural machines or implements on a desired track
    • A01B69/007—Steering or guiding of agricultural vehicles, e.g. steering of the tractor to keep the plough in the furrow
    • A01B69/008—Steering or guiding of agricultural vehicles, e.g. steering of the tractor to keep the plough in the furrow automatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/04—Hand wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/021—Determination of steering angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/046—Controlling the motor
    • B62D5/0463—Controlling the motor calculating assisting torque from the motor based on driver input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
    • B62D6/001—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits the torque NOT being among the input parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/20—Steering systems
    • B60W2710/202—Steering torque
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of agricultural machinery, in particular to an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery.
  • Automatic navigation is an important aspect of the intelligent development of modern agricultural machinery.
  • Agricultural machinery equipped with automatic navigation can automatically drive along the set route with high accuracy, which can reduce the labor intensity of the staff while ensuring high operating quality.
  • the automatic steering is one of the important supporting technologies to realize the driving control of agricultural machinery; the automatic steering device rotates the steering wheel to a specified angle according to the steering command issued by the navigation system, and adjusts the driving state of the agricultural machinery in real time to drive along the set route.
  • most domestic and foreign agricultural machinery adopt parallel hydraulic circuits, install and control electromagnetic proportional valves to realize automatic steering function. This method requires high professional and technical level of installers, has many parts and complex structure, and the modification process is time-consuming. It is laborious, and the maintenance cost is high. Due to the differences in the structure of the steering system of agricultural machinery, different machines have different steering angle ranges, and the calibration and calibration process is complicated and time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery with simple structure, low cost, high efficiency and wide adaptability.
  • an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery which is connected to the steering bridge of the agricultural machinery, including:
  • a data acquisition unit for acquiring agricultural machine data information includes the actual steering angle value, driving position, and driving direction of the agricultural machine;
  • a steering unit respectively connected to the drive unit and the steering bridge, for transmitting the rotating torque to the steering bridge;
  • the control unit is respectively connected with the data acquisition unit and the drive unit, and is configured to obtain a steering angle value according to the agricultural machinery data information, and control the drive unit according to the steering angle value.
  • the data acquisition unit includes:
  • An angle sensor respectively connected to the steering knuckle arm in the steering bridge and the control unit, used to obtain the actual steering angle value of the agricultural machine and send it to the control unit;
  • the antenna subunit is connected to the control unit and is used to obtain the driving position and driving direction of the agricultural machinery.
  • the control unit obtains the desired angle value according to the driving position and the driving direction, and compares the actual steering angle value and the driving direction.
  • the desired angle value is differenced to obtain the steering angle value.
  • the steering unit includes:
  • a steering shaft which penetrates the entire steering unit and extends to the drive unit, is connected to the steering bridge, and is used to transmit the turning torque to the steering bridge;
  • a torque-limiting coupling which is connected to the drive unit through the steering shaft, and is used to limit the rotation torque so that the actual steering angle value is within a set range;
  • the steering column is sleeved on the outside of the steering shaft and is respectively connected with the torque limiting coupling and the steering bridge to protect the steering shaft.
  • the driving unit includes:
  • a geared motor connected to the torque-limiting coupling through the steering shaft, and connected to the control unit, and provides the rotational torque to the steering shaft under the control of the control unit;
  • Steering wheel used to manually control the steering direction
  • the connecting flange is respectively connected with the steering wheel and the steering shaft, and is used for connecting the steering wheel and the steering shaft.
  • the antenna subunit includes:
  • the positioning antenna is connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain the driving position of the agricultural machinery in real time and transmit it to the control unit;
  • the directional antenna is connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain the driving direction of the agricultural machine in real time and transmit it to the control unit.
  • the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery further includes:
  • the fixing bracket is fixedly connected between the reduction motor and the steering column, and is used to stabilize the driving unit and the steering unit.
  • the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery further includes:
  • the motor driver is respectively connected with the deceleration motor and the control unit, and drives the deceleration motor in forward and reverse rotation and acceleration and deceleration under the control of the control unit.
  • the geared motor is a DC brushless motor.
  • the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
  • the invention obtains data information through the data acquisition unit, calculates and analyzes the steering angle through the control unit, and controls the driving unit to provide rotational torque.
  • the rotational torque is transmitted to the steering axle of the agricultural machinery through the steering unit.
  • High precision, at the same time, the invention can adapt to various agricultural machinery, and the operation is simple and convenient.
  • Figure 1 is a structural breakdown diagram of an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a structural connection diagram of the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working flow of each component of the agricultural machinery automatic steering device of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery with simple structure, easy operation, high efficiency and wide adaptability.
  • the present invention provides an automatic steering device for agricultural machinery, which is connected to the steering bridge of the agricultural machinery, and includes: a data acquisition unit 1, a drive unit 2, a steering unit 3, and a control unit 4.
  • the data acquisition unit 1 is used to acquire the actual steering angle value, driving position and driving direction of the agricultural machine.
  • the actual steering angle value of the agricultural machine, the driving position and the driving direction are defined as agricultural machine data information.
  • the drive unit 2 is used to provide rotational torque.
  • the steering unit 3 is respectively connected with the driving unit 2 and the steering bridge, and the steering unit 3 is used for transmitting the rotating torque to the steering bridge.
  • the control unit 4 is respectively connected to the data acquisition unit and the drive unit 2, and the control unit 4 is configured to obtain a steering angle value according to the agricultural machinery data information, and control the drive unit 2 according to the steering angle value.
  • the data acquisition unit 1 of the present invention includes: an angle sensor 11 and an antenna subunit 12.
  • the angle sensor 11 is respectively connected with the steering knuckle arm in the steering axle and the control unit 4, and is used to obtain the actual steering angle value of the agricultural machine and send it to the control unit 4.
  • a wired connection is adopted between the angle sensor 11 and the control unit 4 to ensure the accuracy of data.
  • the antenna subunit 12 is connected to the control unit 4, and is used to obtain the driving position and the driving direction.
  • the control unit 4 obtains a desired angle value according to the driving position and the driving direction. The difference between the actual steering angle value and the expected angle value is used to obtain the steering angle value.
  • the antenna subunit 12 of the present invention includes: a positioning antenna 121 and a directional antenna 122.
  • the positioning antenna 121 is used to obtain the driving position in real time and transmit it to the control unit 4.
  • the directional antenna 122 is used to obtain the driving direction in real time and transmit it to the control unit 4.
  • the drive unit 2 is used to provide rotational torque.
  • the drive unit 2 of the present invention includes: a geared motor 23, a steering wheel 21 and a connecting flange 22.
  • the geared motor 23 is connected to the steering unit 3 through a steering shaft 32, and is connected to the control unit 4.
  • the geared motor 23 provides the rotational torque to the steering shaft 32 under the control of the control unit 4 .
  • the steering wheel 21 is connected to the steering shaft 32 through the connecting flange 22 for manual control of the steering direction; the manual and automatic integration of the agricultural machinery is realized, and at the same time, rapid and effective processing can be performed under special circumstances.
  • the steering unit 3 is respectively connected with the driving unit 2 and the steering bridge, and is used for transmitting the rotating torque to the steering bridge.
  • the steering unit 3 of the present invention includes: a steering shaft 32, a torque limiting coupling 31 and a steering column 33.
  • the steering shaft 32 penetrates the entire steering unit 3 and extends to the drive unit 2 and is connected to the steering bridge.
  • the steering shaft 32 is used to transmit the rotating torque to the steering bridge.
  • the torque-limiting coupling 31 is connected to the drive unit 2 through the steering shaft 32, and the torque-limiting coupling 31 is used to limit the rotation torque so that the actual steering angle value is set Within range.
  • the steering column 33 is sleeved on the outside of the steering shaft 32 and is respectively connected to the torque limiting coupling 31 and the steering bridge.
  • the steering column 33 is used to protect the steering shaft 32.
  • the control unit 4 is connected to the data acquisition unit 1 and the decelerating motor 23, and is configured to obtain a steering angle value according to the agricultural machinery data information, and control the driving unit 2 according to the steering angle value.
  • the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery further includes a fixing bracket 6.
  • the fixing bracket 6 is fixedly connected between the reduction motor 23 and the steering column 33 for stabilizing the driving unit 2 and the steering unit 3.
  • the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery further includes a motor driver 5.
  • the motor driver 5 is respectively connected with the reduction motor 23 and the control unit 4, and the motor driver 5 drives the reduction motor 23 in forward and reverse rotation and acceleration and deceleration under the control of the control unit 4.
  • the reduction motor 23 is controlled to rotate in a direction with a small angular deviation, and the rotation speed calculation formula is as follows:
  • E i is the steering value of the i-th steering angle
  • K P and K D are the adjustment coefficients respectively
  • sign(E i )*P is the minimum value of the control signal when the decelerating motor starts to rotate.
  • the geared motor 23 is a DC brushless motor.
  • the present invention can be manually and automatically switched at any time by setting the geared motor and the steering wheel, and corresponding measures can also be taken for emergencies;
  • the present invention uses a DC brushless motor as the power source for automatic steering, which can achieve convenient and quick installation, simple control mode, and superior performance. After the brushless motor is installed, it can ensure a compact structure, facilitate subsequent maintenance, and is suitable for the majority of agriculture. mechanical;
  • control unit disclosed in the present invention has good rapid response characteristics and stability, and the control program can be changed at any time to meet the requirements of different steering mechanisms for system response speed and steering angle range;
  • the automatic steering device for agricultural machinery disclosed in the present invention has the characteristics of easy control, high precision, low cost, etc., can promote the development and application of automatic navigation and unmanned driving in the field of agricultural machinery, and reduce labor intensity and improve work quality It is of great significance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

一种农业机械自动转向装置，与农业机械的转向桥连接，包括：数据获取单元（1），用于获取农业机械数据信息；所述农业机械数据信息包括农业机械的实际转向角度值、行驶位置和行驶方向；驱动单元（2），用于提供转动扭矩；转向单元（3），分别与所述驱动单元（2）和所述转向桥连接，用于将所述转动扭矩传递给所述转向桥；控制单元（4），与所述数据获取单元（1）和所述驱动单元（2）连接，用于根据所述农业机械数据信息得到转向角度值，根据所述转向角度值控制所述驱动单元（2）。该农业机械自动转向装置结构简单、可以适用于具有不同的转向角度范围的农业机械，且效率高，操作简单。

Description

一种农业机械自动转向装置
本申请要求于2019年10月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911042885.0、发明名称为“一种农业机械自动转向装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械自动控制技术领域，特别是涉及一种农业机械自动转向装置。
背景技术
自动导航是现代农业机械智能化发展的重要方面，配备自动导航的农业机械能够以较高的精度沿设定路线自动行驶，在减轻工作人员劳动强度的同时能够保证较高的作业质量。
而自动转向是实现农业机械行驶控制的重要支撑技术之一；自动转向装置根据导航系统发出的转向指令将转向轮旋转至指定角度，实时调节农业机械的行驶状态，使其沿设定路线行驶。当前，国内外农业机械大都采用并联液压回路、加装并控制电磁比例阀的方式实现自动转向功能，该方法对安装人员的专业技术水平要求较高，零部件较多且结构复杂，改装过程费时费力，且使用维护成本较高。因农业机械转向系统结构存在差异，不同机器具有不同的转向角度范围，标定和校准过程复杂且费时费力。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单、低成本、效率高、适应性广的农业机械自动转向装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种农业机械自动转向装置，与农业机械的转向桥连接，包括：
数据获取单元，用于获取农业机械数据信息；所述农业机械数据信息包括农业机械的实际转向角度值、行驶位置和行驶方向；
驱动单元，用于提供转动扭矩；
转向单元，分别与所述驱动单元和所述转向桥连接，用于将所述转动扭矩传递给所述转向桥；
控制单元，分别与所述数据获取单元和所述驱动单元连接，用于根据所述农业机械数据信息得到转向角度值，根据所述转向角度值控制所述驱动单元。
优选地，所述数据获取单元包括：
角度传感器，分别与所述转向桥中的转向节臂和所述控制单元连接，用于获取农业机械的实际转向角度值并发送至所述控制单元；
天线子单元，与所述控制单元连接，用于获取农业机械的行驶位置和行驶方向，所述控制单元根据所述行驶位置和行驶方向得到期望角度值，对所述实际转向角度值和所述期望角度值做差得到所述转向角度值。
优选地，所述转向单元包括：
转向轴，贯穿整个所述转向单元且延伸至所述驱动单元，与所述转向桥连接，用于传递所述转动扭矩给所述转向桥；
扭矩限制型联轴器，通过所述转向轴与所述驱动单元连接，用于限制所述转动扭矩以使得所述实际转向角度值在设定范围内；
转向管柱，套在所述转向轴外侧且分别与所述扭矩限制型联轴器和所述转向桥连接，用于保护所述转向轴。
优选地，所述驱动单元包括：
减速电机，通过所述转向轴与所述扭矩限制型联轴器连接，且与所述控制单元连接，在所述控制单元控制下提供所述转动扭矩给所述转向轴；
方向盘，用于手动控制转向方向；
连接法兰，分别与所述方向盘和所述转向轴连接，用于连接所述方向盘与所述转向轴。
优选地，所述天线子单元包括：
定位天线，与所述控制单元连接，用于实时获取农业机械的行驶位置并传递给所述控制单元；
定向天线，与所述控制单元连接，用于实时获取农业机械的行驶方向并传递给所述控制单元。
优选地，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：
固定支架，固定连接在所述减速电机与所述转向管柱之间，用于稳固所述驱动单元与所述转向单元。
优选地，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：
电机驱动器，分别与所述减速电机和所述控制单元连接，在所述控制单元控制下驱动所述减速电机正反转以及加减速。
优选地，所述减速电机为直流无刷电机。
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明通过数据获取单元获取数据信息，通过控制单元进行计算分析得到转向角度并控制所述驱动单元提供转动扭矩，通过转向单元将转动扭矩传递给农业机械的转向桥，不仅结构简单，而且具有较高的精准性、同时本发明能适应各种农业机械，操作简便。
说明书附图
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明农业机械自动转向装置结构拆分图；
图2为本发明农业机械自动转向装置结构连接图；
图3为本发明农业机械自动转向装置的各部件工作流程示意图。
符号说明：1-数据获取单元，2-驱动单元，3-转向单元，4-控制单元，6-固定支架，5-电机驱动器，11-角度传感器，12-天线子单元，21-方向盘，22-连接法兰，23-减速电机，31-扭矩限制型联轴器，32-转向轴，33-转向管柱，121-定位天线，122-定向天线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单、易操作、效率高、适应性广的农业机械自动转向装置。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1-3所示，本发明提供了一种农业机械自动转向装置，与农业机械的转向桥连接，包括：数据获取单元1、驱动单元2、转向单元3和控制单元4。
所述数据获取单元1用于获取农业机械的实际转向角度值、行驶位置和行驶方向。所述农业机械的实际转向角度值、所述行驶位置和所述行驶方向定义为农业机械数据信息。
驱动单元2用于提供转动扭矩。
转向单元3分别与所述驱动单元2和所述转向桥连接，转向单元3用于将所述转动扭矩传递给所述转向桥。
控制单元4分别与所述数据获取单元和所述驱动单元2连接，控制单元4用于根据所述农业机械数据信息得到转向角度值，根据所述转向角度值控制所述驱动单元2。
作为一种可选的实施方案，本发明所述数据获取单元1包括：角度传感器11和天线子单元12。
所述角度传感器11分别与所述转向桥中的转向节臂和所述控制单元4连接，用于获取农业机械的实际转向角度值并发送至所述控制单元4。
本实施例中，所述角度传感器11与所述控制单元4之间采用有线连接方式，保证了数据的精准性。
所述天线子单元12与所述控制单元4连接，用于获取所述行驶位置和所述行驶方向，所述控制单元4根据所述行驶位置和所述行驶方向得到期望角度值，对所述实际转向角度值和所述期望角度值做差得到所述转向角度值。
作为一种可选的实施方案，本发明所述天线子单元12包括：定位天线121和定向天线122。
所述定位天线121用于实时获取所述行驶位置并传递给所述控制单元4。
所述定向天线122用于实时获取所述行驶方向并传递给所述控制单元4。
进一步地，所述驱动单元2，用于提供转动扭矩。
作为一种可选的实施方案，本发明所述驱动单元2包括：减速电机23、方向盘21和连接法兰22。
所述减速电机23通过转向轴32与所述转向单元3连接，且与所述控制单元4连接，所述减速电机23在所述控制单元4控制下提供所述转动扭矩给所述转向轴32。
所述方向盘21通过所述连接法兰22与所述转向轴32连接，用于手动控制转向方向；实现所述农业机械的手动自动一体化，同时能在特殊情况下作出快速有效的处理。
所述转向单元3，分别与所述驱动单元2和所述转向桥连接，用于将所述转动扭矩传递给所述转向桥。
作为一种可选的实施方案，本发明所述转向单元3包括：转向轴32、扭矩限制型联轴器31和转向管柱33。
其中所述转向轴32贯穿整个所述转向单元3且延伸至所述驱动单元2，与所述转向桥连接，所述转向轴32用于传递所述转动扭矩给所述转向桥。
所述扭矩限制型联轴器31通过所述转向轴32与所述驱动单元2连接，所述扭矩限制型联轴器31用于限制所述转动扭矩以使得所述实际转向角度值在设定范围内。
所述转向管柱33套在所述转向轴32外侧且分别与所述扭矩限制型联轴器31和所述转向桥连接，所述转向管柱33用于保护所述转向轴32。
所述控制单元4与所述数据获取单元1和所述减速电机23连接，用于根据所述农业机械数据信息得到转向角度值，根据所述转向角度值控制所述驱动单元2。
优选地，为了保证装置的安全运行，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：固定支架6。
所述固定支架6固定连接在所述减速电机23与所述转向管柱33之间，用于稳固所述驱动单元2与所述转向单元3。
进一步地，为了更加的智能化控制所述减速电机23，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：电机驱动器5。
所述电机驱动器5分别与所述减速电机23和所述控制单元4连接，所述电机驱动器5在所述控制单元4控制下驱动所述减速电机23正反转以及加减速。
本实施例中，控制所述减速电机23向角度偏差小的方向旋转，旋转速度计算公式如下：
ω＝K PE i+K D(E i-E i-1)+sign(E i)*P；
式中：E i为第i次转向的角度转向值，K P和K D分别为调节系数，sign(E i)*P为减速电机开始旋转时控制信号的最小值。
优选地，所述减速电机23为直流无刷电机。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1)本发明通过设置减速电机和方向盘可以进行手动自动随时切换，也可以针对突发情况采取相应措施；
2)本发明采用直流无刷电机作为自动转向的动力源，能够做到安装方便快捷、控制方式简单、性能优越，并且加装无刷电机后能保证结构紧凑，便于后期维护，适用于广大农业机械；
3)本发明公开的控制单元具有良好的快速响应特性和稳定性并且控制程序可随时更改，以满足不同的转向机构对系统响应速度、转向角度范围的要求；
4)本发明公开的农业机械自动转向装置具有易控制、高精度、成本低等特点，能够促进自动导航和无人驾驶在农业机械领域的发展和应用，并且降低劳动者工作强度和提高工作质量有着重要意义。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的装置及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种农业机械自动转向装置，与农业机械的转向桥连接，其特征在于，包括：
    数据获取单元，用于获取农业机械数据信息；所述农业机械数据信息包括农业机械的实际转向角度值、行驶位置和行驶方向；
    驱动单元，用于提供转动扭矩；
    转向单元，分别与所述驱动单元和所述转向桥连接，用于将所述转动扭矩传递给所述转向桥；
    控制单元，分别与所述数据获取单元和所述驱动单元连接，用于根据所述农业机械数据信息得到转向角度值，根据所述转向角度值控制所述驱动单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述数据获取单元包括：
    角度传感器，分别与所述转向桥中的转向节臂和所述控制单元连接，用于获取农业机械的实际转向角度值并发送至所述控制单元；
    天线子单元，与所述控制单元连接，用于获取农业机械的行驶位置和行驶方向，所述控制单元根据所述行驶位置和行驶方向得到期望角度值，对所述实际转向角度值和所述期望角度值做差得到所述转向角度值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述转向单元包括：
    转向轴，贯穿整个所述转向单元且延伸至所述驱动单元，与所述转向桥连接，用于传递所述转动扭矩给所述转向桥；
    扭矩限制型联轴器，通过所述转向轴与所述驱动单元连接，用于限制所述转动扭矩以使得所述实际转向角度值在设定范围内；
    转向管柱，套在所述转向轴外侧且分别与所述扭矩限制型联轴器和所述转向桥连接，用于保护所述转向轴。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述驱动单元包括：
    减速电机，通过所述转向轴与所述扭矩限制型联轴器连接，且与所述控制单元连接，在所述控制单元控制下提供所述转动扭矩给所述转向轴；
    方向盘，用于手动控制转向方向；
    连接法兰，分别与所述方向盘和所述转向轴连接，用于连接所述方向盘与所述转向轴。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述天线子单元包括：
    定位天线，与所述控制单元连接，用于实时获取农业机械的行驶位置并传递给所述控制单元；
    定向天线，与所述控制单元连接，用于实时获取农业机械的行驶方向并传递给所述控制单元。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：
    固定支架，固定连接在所述减速电机与所述转向管柱之间，用于稳固所述驱动单元与所述转向单元。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述农业机械自动转向装置还包括：
    电机驱动器，分别与所述减速电机和所述控制单元连接，在所述控制单元控制下驱动所述减速电机正反转以及加减速。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种农业机械自动转向装置，其特征在于，所述减速电机为直流无刷电机。
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