WO2021078154A1 - 背光模组及显示装置 - Google Patents

背光模组及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021078154A1
WO2021078154A1 PCT/CN2020/122496 CN2020122496W WO2021078154A1 WO 2021078154 A1 WO2021078154 A1 WO 2021078154A1 CN 2020122496 W CN2020122496 W CN 2020122496W WO 2021078154 A1 WO2021078154 A1 WO 2021078154A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
backlight module
emitting
homogenizing
shielding
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PCT/CN2020/122496
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王霖
唐晓峰
李士杰
李屹
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深圳光峰科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021078154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021078154A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of display technology, and specifically to a backlight module and a display device.
  • the backlight module is applied to various display devices, and the backlight module can be applied to a liquid crystal display device. Since the liquid crystal display device itself does not emit light, it needs the backlight module to provide light for the liquid crystal. In general backlights, such as mobile phone backlights or display backlights, the backlight module is always in a full-bright state. For example, it needs to be controlled by the switch of the LCD panel to display bright and dark images, but the brightness and dark contrast that the LCD panel itself can achieve is generally In the range of 1000:1 to 2000:1, the requirement for high contrast cannot be met.
  • the embodiment of the application proposes a backlight module and a display device to solve the above problems.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a backlight module.
  • the backlight module includes a light-emitting unit array of two or more light-emitting units, two or more light homogenizing elements, and a light-shielding frame.
  • Each light-emitting unit It includes at least one light-emitting element, and the homogenizing element and the light-emitting unit are in a one-to-one correspondence with each other.
  • Each homogenizing element includes a light-incident surface, a light-emitting surface, and a scattering function layer opposite to each other.
  • the scattering function layer is arranged on the light-incident surface and the light-emitting surface
  • the light-shielding frame includes a plurality of light-shielding units, and at least one light-shielding unit is arranged between two adjacent light-emitting units.
  • each light-shielding unit includes a light-shielding substrate and a light-shielding layer, and the light-shielding layer is disposed on the surface of the light-shielding substrate.
  • the scattering function layer is one of a scattering particle layer or a diffuse reflection surface.
  • the backlight module further includes two or more condensing lens groups, each condensing lens group corresponds to a homogenizing element in position one-to-one, and each converging lens group is set to a corresponding homogenizing lens group.
  • the exit light path of the component is set to a corresponding homogenizing lens group.
  • each light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting surface
  • the shading unit includes a first surface and a second surface that are parallel and opposite to each other. The first surface is flush with the light-emitting surface, and the second surface is flush with the light-emitting surface.
  • a plurality of diffusion particles are provided in the homogenization element, and the plurality of diffusion particles are gathered at one end of the homogenization element.
  • the light homogenizing element has a hollow structure, and the light homogenizing element includes an inner wall, and the inner wall is provided with a reflective film.
  • the backlight module further includes a diffusing element, and the diffusing element is arranged in the light exiting path of the homogenizing element.
  • the light homogenizing element is a cone rod or a square rod.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, including any one of the above-mentioned backlight module and a display assembly, and the display assembly is arranged on the exit light path of the homogenizing element.
  • the backlight module provided by the present application is provided with a scattering function layer on at least one of the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of the homogenization element, which can increase the homogenization effect of the homogenization element and help the light beam passing through the homogenization element.
  • the brightness distribution of the light spot is uniform, and the shading unit is arranged between two adjacent light-emitting units, which can prevent the crosstalk of the light beams between the adjacent light-emitting units, and effectively improve the contrast of the display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module in an assembled state and a light-shielding frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a light homogenizing element of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light homogenizing element and a light emitting unit of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application in a split state.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another light homogenizing element of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another light homogenizing element of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of still another light homogenizing element of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-shielding frame of a backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another backlight module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the backlight module 100 includes a light-emitting unit array 110, a light homogenizing element 120 and a light-shielding frame 130.
  • the light-emitting unit array 110 includes two or more light-emitting units 111, and each light-emitting unit 111 includes at least one light-emitting element 112; the number of homogenizing elements 120 is two or more, the homogenizing element 120 and the light-emitting unit 111 In a one-to-one correspondence in position, each homogenizing element 120 includes a light-incident surface 121, a light-emitting surface 122, and a scattering function layer 123 opposite to each other. The scattering function layer 123 is disposed on at least one of the light-incident surface 121 and the light-emitting surface 122.
  • the light-shielding frame 130 includes a plurality of light-shielding units 131, and at least one light-shielding unit 131 is provided between two adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • the backlight module 100 provided by the implementation of the present application is provided with a scattering function layer 123 on at least one of the light incident surface 121 and the light exit surface 122 of the light homogenizing element 120, which can increase the light homogenization effect of the light homogenizing element 120 and facilitate the passage
  • the brightness distribution of the light spot of the light beam after the homogenizing element 120 is uniform.
  • the shading unit 131 is arranged between the two adjacent light-emitting units 111 to prevent crosstalk of light between the adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • the backlight module 100 is used for display
  • the device 200 can effectively improve the contrast of the display device 200 (as shown in FIG. 11).
  • the light-emitting element 112 is used to emit a light beam, and the light-emitting element 112 may be a bulb or a light-emitting diode.
  • the light-emitting unit array 110 may be an annular array, a rectangular array, a circular array, an elliptical array, or an array of other shapes composed of more than two light-emitting units 111.
  • the light-emitting unit array 110 is a rectangular array composed of a plurality of light-emitting units 111.
  • the light-emitting unit 111 may include one light-emitting element 112, and each light-emitting unit 111 includes a light-emitting surface 113 (as shown in FIG.
  • the light-emitting surface 113 may be a flat surface, a curved surface, or a surface with other shapes.
  • the light-emitting surface 113 is flat, and the light-emitting surfaces 113 of all the light-emitting elements 112 are kept flush, the light-emitting surface 113 is rectangular, and the light beam emitted from the rectangular light-emitting surface 113 has a rectangular light distribution.
  • the light-emitting unit 111 may include two or more light-emitting elements 112.
  • the light-emitting surfaces 113 of the multiple light-emitting elements 112 may also be uneven.
  • the light homogenizing element 120 may be an element having a light homogenization function, such as a cone rod or a square rod.
  • the light homogenizing element 120 may be made of PMMA, PC or other industrial plastics.
  • the homogenization element 120 being a cone rod means that the homogenization element 120 has a truncated quadrangular pyramid structure.
  • the light incident surface 121 and the light output surface 122 of the homogenizing element 120 are arranged in parallel, wherein the light incident surface 121 and the light output surface 122 are both rectangular, and the light incident surface 121 faces the light emitting surface 113 of the light emitting unit 111, Parallel to the light-emitting surface 113, the area of the light-incident surface 121 may be larger than the area of the corresponding light-emitting surface 122, so that all light beams emitted through the light-emitting surface 122 can be incident on the light-incident surface 121.
  • the light beam emitted by the light emitting element 112 enters the homogenizing element 120 from the light incident surface 121, and the light beam is reflected in the homogenizing element 120 and then exits from the light exit surface 122 to the outside of the homogenizing element 120.
  • the backlight module 100 is configured to homogenize the light.
  • the element 120 can homogenize the light beam, which helps the brightness of the light spots of the light beam after passing through the homogenization element 120 to be uniform.
  • the scattering function layer 123 is disposed on the light entrance surface 121 and the light exit surface 122, and the scattering function layer 123 can scatter the light beam, so that the light homogenizing element 120 has the functions of uniform light and scattered light beam. , It is helpful for the brightness distribution of the light spot of the light beam after passing through the light homogenizing element 120 to be uniform.
  • the scattering function layer 123 may be one of a scattering particle layer or a diffuse reflection surface.
  • scattered scattering particles may be provided on the light incident surface 121 or the light output surface 122 to form the scattering functional layer 123, and the scattering particles may be uniformly arranged on the light incident surface 121 and the light output surface 122; as another example : It is also possible to form a diffuse reflection surface on the light incident surface 121 or the light exit surface 122.
  • the scattering function layer 123 the light homogenizing element 120 can be shortened without reducing the light homogenizing effect of the light homogenizing element 120, and the compactness of the structure of the entire backlight module 100 can be improved.
  • the structure of the scattering function layer 123 can be formed by a process such as frosting or etching, and the structure can be used as a scattering element to diffuse the light beam, so that there is no need to separately provide a scattering element in the backlight module 100.
  • the production cost is reduced, and the space occupied by the backlight module 100 by the scattering element is also reduced, which is beneficial to promote the miniaturization of the backlight module 100.
  • a plurality of diffusion particles 124 are provided in the homogenization element 120.
  • the diffusion particles 124 can be filled in the homogenization element 120.
  • the diffusion particles 124 can scatter the light beam, so that the homogenization element 120 has the functions of uniform light and scattered light beams, and helps to uniformly distribute the brightness of the light spot of the light beam after passing through the light homogenizing element 120.
  • the dispersed light beam can be collided twice by the adjacent diffusion particles 124. Such repeated collisions cause the light beam to be scattered and increase the uniformity of the light beam.
  • the diffusion particles 124 may include colloids.
  • the colloids may be aerosols in the form of smoke or mist; the colloids may also be solid sols such as colored glass and crystal.
  • the diffusing particles 124 can be evenly distributed in the light homogenizing element 120. Since the diffusing particles 124 are evenly distributed in the light homogenizing element 120, the light beam is evenly distributed throughout the light homogenizing element 120. It can be scattered by the diffuser particles 124, which improves the scattering effect of the diffuser particles 124 on the light beam.
  • a plurality of diffusing particles 124 are gathered at one end of the light homogenizing element 120, for example, the diffusing particles 124 are gathered at one end of the light exit surface 122, so as to ensure that the diffusing particles 124 scatter the light beam.
  • the diffusing particles 124 are gathered at one end of the light exit surface 122, so as to ensure that the diffusing particles 124 scatter the light beam.
  • only one end of the light emitting surface 122 of the light homogenizing element 120 may be used, which is beneficial to simplify the manufacturing process of forming the diffused particles 124 in the light homogenizing element 120 and reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the light homogenizing element 120 may be a hollow structure or a solid structure. As an example: as shown in FIG. 7, the light homogenizing element 120 is a hollow structure.
  • the light homogenizing element 120 includes an inner wall 125 connected to the light incident surface 121 and the light exit surface. Between 122, the hollow structure of the light homogenizing element 120 is jointly defined by the inner wall 125, the light exit surface 122, and the light entrance surface 121.
  • the inner wall 125 may be provided with a reflective film 126, and the reflective film 126 may be a film layer formed of a material having a reflective function.
  • the reflective film 126 By arranging the reflective film 126 on the inner wall 125 of the light homogenizing element 120, when the incident light enters the interior from the light incident surface 121 of the light homogenizing element 120, the light beam directed to the inner wall 125 is reflected by the reflective film 126 back into the light homogenizing element 120. Part of the light beam can be prevented from being transmitted out through the inner wall 125, so that the light beam through the light homogenizing element 120 is more emitted from the light exit surface 122, so as to increase the light intensity of the exit light beam. Because the angle of the light beam reflected back into the light homogenizing element 120 is diverse, The uniformity of the uniformity element 120 can be improved.
  • each light-shielding unit 131 includes a light-shielding substrate 1311 and a light-shielding layer 1312.
  • the light-shielding layer 1312 is disposed on the surface of the light-shielding substrate 1311.
  • the light-shielding substrate 1311 has a rectangular plate-like structure and is adjacent to each other.
  • the two light-shielding substrates 1311 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
  • Each light-shielding substrate 1311 may be provided between two adjacent light emitting units 111 and at the same time located between two adjacent light homogenizing elements 120.
  • One, two or more light-shielding units 131 may be provided between two adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • two light-shielding units 131 spaced apart may be provided between two adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • the light-shielding layer 1312 can be respectively disposed on the opposite or opposite surfaces of two adjacent light-shielding substrates 1311.
  • the light-shielding layer 1312 can be made of black light-absorbing material or opaque material.
  • a full-spectrum high-reflectivity material can also be used production.
  • adjacent shading units 131 can be connected to each other, all shading units 131 form a complete frame structure, and each shading unit 131 is not an isolated unit, and two adjacent ones
  • the light-emitting units 111 are completely separated from each other by the light-shielding frame 130.
  • the light-shielding frame 130 By providing the light-shielding frame 130, the crosstalk between the areas of adjacent light-emitting units 111 can be prevented, and when the backlight module 100 is applied to the display device 200, the contrast of the display device 200 can be effectively improved.
  • the light-shielding layer 1312 may not be provided, and the light-shielding substrate 1311 may be made of an opaque material or a black light-absorbing material.
  • the shading unit 131 includes a first surface 1313 and a second surface 1314 that are parallel and opposite to each other.
  • the first surface 1313 may be flush with the light emitting surface 122, and the second surface 1314 may be flush with The light-emitting surface 113 is flush, so that the shading unit 131 can separate the adjacent light homogenizing element 120 and the light-emitting unit 111, which can prevent the crosstalk between the light beams between two adjacent light-emitting units 111, and can also avoid two adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • the light beams between the homogenizing elements 120 are crosstalked.
  • the backlight module 100 may further include two or more condensing lens groups 140, and each condensing lens group 140 can correspond to a light homogenizing element 120 in a one-to-one position.
  • Each condensing lens group 140 can be arranged on the exit light path of the corresponding light homogenizing element 120.
  • the condensing lens group 140 may correspond to the positions of the light homogenizing element 120 one-to-one, or one condensing lens group 140 may also correspond to the positions of two or more light homogenizing elements 120, as an example: a condensing lens group
  • the 140 can be arranged in the exit light path of the two homogenizing elements 120 at the same time, which can reduce the number of condensing lenses and reduce the cost.
  • the converging lens may be composed of a plurality of lenses, for example, each converging lens group 140 may include two or three or four lenses.
  • the condensing lens group 140 collects, converges, and collimates the emitted light beam from the homogenizing element 120 and projects it to the outside, thereby reducing the loss of the light beam and improving the brightness of the light beam.
  • the angle of light emitted by the condensing lens group 140 is relatively small, so the light distribution between each backlight area does not basically overlap, which can avoid the crosstalk of the light beams between adjacent backlight areas.
  • the angle of light emitted through the condensing lens group 140 can be increased, so that the light beams exit through the condensing lens group 140 form a larger spot, which can reduce the number of LED units and reduce the cost.
  • the backlight module 100 may further include a diffusing element 150, which may be an elliptical Gaussian diffuser, and the diffusing element 150 is provided in the light exiting path of the homogenizing element 120.
  • the surface area of 150 facing the homogenizing element 120 can be greater than the sum of the areas of the light exit surfaces 122 of all the homogenizing elements 120, so that the light beams emitted through each homogenizing element 120 can be incident on the same diffusing element 150, which can reduce
  • the number of the diffusion elements 150 can increase the light diffusion function of the backlight module 100.
  • the diffusion element 150 By providing the diffusion element 150, the light beam can be diffused, so that the brightness distribution of the light spot of the light beam can be further promoted to be more uniform.
  • the light beam emitted by the homogenizing element 120 is then diffused by the diffusing element 150.
  • the dot matrix of the angular distribution of the energy of the light spot is more diffused than before the diffusing element 150, and the angle of the adjacent dot matrix Fusion together, so that the angular distribution of the beam's energy becomes continuous.
  • the backlight module 100 provided by the present application is provided with a scattering function layer 123 on at least one of the light-incident surface 121 and the light-exit surface 122 of the light homogenizing element 120, which can increase the light homogenization effect of the light homogenizing element 120 and help to pass through the homogenization element 120.
  • the brightness distribution of the light spot of the light beam behind the light element 120 is uniform, and the shading unit 131 is arranged between two adjacent light-emitting units 111 to prevent crosstalk of light between adjacent light-emitting units 111.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a display device 200.
  • the display device 200 includes the above-mentioned backlight module 100 and a display assembly 210, and the display assembly 210 is disposed on the exit light path of the homogenizing element 120.
  • the display device 200 may be a HUD assisted driving system, a liquid crystal display, or other display devices.
  • the HUD assisted driving system can map important information on the holographic half mirror on the windshield, so that the driver can see the important information clearly without lowering his head, reducing safety risks.
  • the backlight module 100 can provide a light source for the display assembly 210 so that the display assembly 210 can display images.
  • the display assembly 210 may include a display panel 211, a reflective polarizing brightness enhancement film 212, and a brightness enhancement film 213.
  • the display panel 211 is used for screen display, and the display panel 211 may be an LCD liquid crystal display.
  • the plate, the reflective polarizing brightness enhancement film 212 and the brightness enhancement film 213 are used to improve the luminous efficiency of the entire backlight system.
  • the brightness enhancement film 213, the reflective polarization brightness enhancement film 212, and the display panel 211 may be sequentially stacked on the exit light path of the light homogenizing element 120.
  • the display device 200 provided in this embodiment is provided with a backlight module 100. Since the backlight module 100 has the functions of homogenizing light and preventing crosstalk of light between adjacent light-emitting units 111, the light of adjacent light-emitting units 111 in the display assembly 210 The distribution has no crosstalk, which greatly improves the contrast of the display device 200 and makes the overall display brightness of the display device 200 more uniform.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种背光模组及显示装置，背光模组包括两个或者两个以上发光单元的发光单元阵列、两个或两个以上的匀光元件以遮光架，每一发光单元包含至少一个发光元件，多个匀光元件和发光单元在位置上一一对应，一匀光元件包括相背的入光面、出光面和散射功能层，散射功能层设置于入光面和出光面中的至少一者，遮光架包括多个遮光单元，相邻两个发光单元之间设置有至少一个遮光单元。本申请提供的背光模组通过在匀光元件的入光面和出光面中的至少一者设置散射功能层，可以增加匀光元件的匀光作用，有助于经过匀光元件后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀，在相邻两个发光单元之间设置遮光单元，可以防止相邻发光单元之间的光线发生串扰，有效地提高显示装置的对比度。

Description

背光模组及显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种背光模组及显示装置。
背景技术
在投影技术领域中，背光模组应用于各类的显示装置中，背光模组可应用于液晶显示器件，由于液晶显示器件本身不发光，它需要背光模组为液晶提供光。在一般的背光中，比如手机背光或者显示器背光中，背光模组一直处于全亮状态，例如：需要通过LCD面板的开关控制来显示亮暗画面，但是LCD面板本身能够实现的亮暗对比度一般在1000：1～2000：1的范围内，不能满足高对比度的要求。
实用新型内容
本申请实施例提出了一种背光模组及显示装置，以解决以上问题。
本申请实施例通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种背光模组，背光模组包括两个或两个以上发光单元的发光单元阵列、两个或两个以上的匀光元件以及遮光架，每一发光单元包含至少一个发光元件，匀光元件和发光单元在位置上一一对应，每一匀光元件包括相背的入光面、出光面和散射功能层，散射功能层设置于入光面和出光面中的至少一者，遮光架包括多个遮光单元，相邻两个发光单元之间设置有至少一个遮光单元。
在一些实施例中，每个遮光单元包括遮光基板和遮光层，遮光层设置于 遮光基板的表面。
在一些实施例中，散射功能层为散射微粒层或漫反射面中的一者。
在一些实施例中，背光模组还包括两个或两个以上的会聚透镜组，每一会聚透镜组与一个匀光元件在位置上一一对应，每一会聚透镜组设于对应的匀光元件的出射光路。
在一些实施例中，每个发光单元包括发光面，遮光单元包括平行相背的第一表面和第二表面，第一表面与出光面齐平，第二表面与所光面齐平。
在一些实施例中，匀光元件内设有多个扩散粒子，多个扩散粒子聚集于匀光元件的一端。
在一些实施例中，匀光元件为中空结构，匀光元件包括内壁，内壁设有反射膜。
在一些实施例中，背光模组还包括扩散元件，扩散元件设于匀光元件的出射光路。
在一些实施例中，匀光元件为锥棒或方棒。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种显示装置，包括上述任一项所述的背光模组以及显示组件，显示组件设于匀光元件的出射光路。
本申请提供的背光模组通过在匀光元件的入光面和出光面中的至少一者设置散射功能层，可以增加匀光元件的匀光作用，有助于经过匀光元件后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀，在相邻两个发光单元之间设置遮光单元，可以防止相邻发光单元之间的光束发生串扰，有效地提高显示装置的对比度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组的结构示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组的发光单元和遮光架的组装状态下的结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组的匀光元件的剖面图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组的匀光元件和发光单元在拆分状态下的结构示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种背光模组的匀光元件的剖面图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的又一种背光模组的匀光元件的剖面图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的再一种背光模组的匀光元件的剖面图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组的遮光架的结构示意图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种背光模组的结构示意图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种背光模组的结构示意图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1至图3，本申请实施例提供一种背光模组100，背光模组100包括发光单元阵列110、匀光元件120以及遮光架130。
发光单元阵列110包括两个或两个以上发光单元111，每一发光单元111包括至少一个发光元件112；匀光元件120设置的数量为两个或者两个以上，匀光元件120和发光单元111在位置上一一对应，每一匀光元件120包括相背的入光面121、出光面122以及散射功能层123，散射功能层123设置于入光面121和出光面122中的至少一者；遮光架130包括多个遮光单元131，相邻两个发光单元111之间设置有至少一个遮光单元131。
本申请实施提供的背光模组100通过在匀光元件120的入光面121和出光面122中的至少一者设置散射功能层123，可以增加匀光元件120的匀光作用，有助于经过匀光元件120后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀，在相邻两个发光单元111之间设置遮光单元131，可以防止相邻发光单元111之间的光线发生串扰，背光模组100应用于显示装置200中能够有效地提高显示装置200(如图11所示)的对比度。
在本实施例中，发光元件112用于发出光束，发光元件112可以是灯泡，也可以是发光二极管。发光单元阵列110可以由两个以上的发光单元111组成的环形阵列、矩形阵列、圆形阵列、椭圆形阵列或者其他形状的阵列。在本实施例中，发光单元阵列110是由多个发光单元111组成的矩形阵列。发光单元111可以包含一个发光元件112，且每个发光单元111包括发光面113(如图1所示)，其中，发光面113可以是平面、弧面或者其他形状的表面。在本实施例中，发光面113是平面，且所有发光元件112的发光面113保持齐平，发光面113为矩形状，由矩形状的发光面113所出射的光束呈矩形光分布。在一些实施方式中，发光单元111可以包含两个或两个以上的发光元件112。此外，在一些实施方式中，多个发光元件112的发光面113也可以不齐平。
请参阅图3和图4，匀光元件120可以为锥棒或方棒等具有匀光功能的元件。在本实施例中，匀光元件120可以由PMMA、PC或其他工业塑料制成。匀光元件120为锥棒是指匀光元件120为截头四棱锥结构。在本实施例中，匀光元件120的入光面121和出光面122平行设置，其中，入光面121和出光面122均为矩形状，入光面121朝向发光单元111的发光面113，并与发光面113平行，入光面121的面积可以大于与其对应的发光面122的面积，使得经由发光面122所发出的光束能够全部入射于入光面121。发光元件112发出的光束从入光面121进入匀光元件120内，光束在匀光元件120内经过若干次反射后从出光面122出射至匀光元件120外，背光模组100通过设置匀光元件120能够对光束进行匀光，有助于经过匀光元件120后的光 束的光斑的亮度分别均匀。
请参阅图2，在本实施例中，散射功能层123设置于入光面121和出光面122，散射功能层123能够对光束进行散射，使得匀光元件120兼具匀光和散射光束的功能，有助于经过匀光元件120后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀。散射功能层123可以为散射微粒层或漫反射面中的一者。作为一种示例：可以在入光面121或出光面122分别设置有散布的散射微粒以形成散射功能层123，散射微粒可以均匀地设置于入光面121和出光面122；作为另一种示例：也可以在入光面121或出光面122形成漫反射面。通过设置散射功能层123可以在缩短匀光元件120的同时又不降低匀光元件120匀光作用，能够提升整个背光模组100结构的紧凑性。
在一些实施方式中，可以通过磨砂或刻蚀等工艺形成散射功能层123的结构，将该结构可以作为散射元件对光束进行扩散，从而在背光模组100内可以不需要再单独设置散射元件，降低了生产成本，同时也减少了散射元件占据背光模组100的空间，有利于促进背光模组100的小型化。
在一些实施方式中，如图5所示，匀光元件120内设有多个扩散粒子124，扩散粒子124可以填充于匀光元件120内，扩散粒子124能够对光束进行散射，使得匀光元件120兼具匀光和散射光束的功能，有助于经过匀光元件120后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀。当进入匀光元件120的光束通过碰撞扩散粒子124而分散传播，分散后的光束又能够被邻近的扩散粒子124进行二次碰撞，如此反复多次碰撞而使得光束被散射，增加了光线在匀光元件120内的反射次数。在一些实施方式中，扩散粒子124可以包括胶体，胶体可以为烟、雾等形式的气溶胶；胶体也可以为有色玻璃、水晶等固溶胶。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，扩散粒子124可以均匀分布在匀光元件120内，由于扩散粒子124均匀地分布在匀光元件120内，使得光束在匀光元件120内各处均能够被扩散粒子124散射，提高了扩散粒子124对光束的散射效果。
在一些实施方式中，如图6所示，多个扩散粒子124聚集于匀光元件120 的一端，例如：扩散粒子124聚集于出光面122的一端，在保证了扩散粒子124对光束进行散射的情况下，可以仅在匀光元件120的出光面122的一端，有利于简化散扩散粒子124形成在匀光元件120内的制造工艺，降低制作成本。
匀光元件120可以为中空结构或实心结构，作为一种示例：如图7所示，匀光元件120为中空结构，匀光元件120包括内壁125，内壁125连接于入光面121和出光面122之间，匀光元件120的中空结构由内壁125、出光面122以及入光面121共同限定而成。内壁125可以设有反射膜126，反射膜126可以是由具有反射功能材料形成的膜层。通过将反射膜126设置于匀光元件120的内壁125，当入射光线自匀光元件120的入光面121入射内部后，射向内壁125的光束被反射膜126反射回匀光元件120内，能够避免部分光束经由内壁125透射出去，使得经由匀光元件120光束更多地由出光面122出射，以提高出射光束的光强度，由于反射回匀光元件120内的光束的角度具有多样性，能够提高匀光元件120的匀光性。
请参阅图2和图8，在本实施例中，每个遮光单元131包括遮光基板1311和遮光层1312，遮光层1312设置于遮光基板1311的表面，遮光基板1311为矩形板状结构，相邻两个遮光基板1311平行且间隔设置，每一遮光基板1311可以设有相邻两个发光单元111之间，且同时位于相邻两个匀光元件120之间。相邻两个发光单元111之间可以设置1个、2个或者多个遮光单元131，作为一种示例：相邻两个发光单元111之间可以设置有相间隔的两个遮光单元131。遮光层1312可以分别设置于相邻两个遮光基板1311的相背或相向的表面，遮光层1312可以由黑色吸光材料或者不透光的材料制成，此外，也可以采用全光谱高反射率材料制成。在本实施中，如图2所示，相邻遮光单元131彼此之间可以相互连接，所有的遮光单元131形成一个完整的架体结构，每一遮光单元131不是孤立的单元，相邻两个发光单元111之间彼此被遮光架130完全隔开。
通过设置遮光架130可以防止相邻发光单元111区域之间的串扰，当背 光模组100应用于显示装置200中时能够有效地提高显示装置200的对比度。在一些实施方式中，也可以不用设置遮光层1312，遮光基板1311可以由不透光的材料或者黑色吸光材料制成。
在一些实施方式中，请参阅图4和图8，遮光单元131包括平行相背的第一表面1313和第二表面1314，第一表面1313可以与出光面122齐平，第二表面1314可以与发光面113齐平，使得遮光单元131可以将相邻的匀光元件120和发光单元111隔开，既能够防止相邻两个发光单元111之间的光束发生串扰，也能够避免相邻两个匀光元件120之间的光束发生串扰。
在一些实施方式中，如图9所示，背光模组100还可以包括两个或两个以上的会聚透镜组140，每一会聚透镜组140可以与一个匀光元件120在位置上一一对应，每一会聚透镜组140可设于对应的匀光元件120的出射光路。会聚透镜组140可以与匀光元件120的位置一一对应，或者，一个会聚透镜组140也可以与两个或者两个以上的匀光元件120的位置对应，作为一种示例：一个会聚透镜组140可以同时设置于两个匀光元件120的出射光路，能够减少会聚透镜的数量，降低成本。会聚可以由多个透镜组成，例如：每个会聚透镜组140可以包括两个或三个或四个透镜。会聚透镜组140通过对匀光元件120的出射的光束进行收集、会聚、准直后投射至外界，从而能够减少光束的损耗，提高光束的亮度。会聚透镜组140出射的光线角度较小，所以每个背光区域之间的光分布基本不会发生交叠的现象，能够避免相邻背光区域之间的光束发生串扰。此外，在一些实施方式中，通过会聚透镜组140出射的光线角度可以增大，使得经由会聚透镜组140出射后光束形成范围更大地光斑，能够减少LED单元的数目，降低成本。
在一些实施方式中，如图10所示，背光模组100还可以包括扩散元件150，扩散元件150可以为椭圆状高斯扩散片，扩散元件150设于匀光元件120的出射光路，扩散元件150的朝向匀光元件120的表面面积可以大于所有匀光元件120的出光面122的面积之和，这样经由每一匀光元件120出射的光束均能入射于同一扩散元件150，这样既能减少扩散元件150设置的数 量，又能增加背光模组100对光束的扩散功能。通过设置扩散元件150能够对光束进行扩散，从而能够进一步促进光束的光斑的亮度分布更加均匀。经匀光元件120出射的光束再经过扩散元件150扩散，此时，经扩散元件150扩散后，光斑的能量的角度分布的点阵相比设置扩散元件150前更加扩散，相邻点阵的角度融合到一起，使得光束的能量的角度分布变得连续。
本申请提供的背光模组100通过在匀光元件120的入光面121和出光面122中的至少一者设置散射功能层123，可以增加匀光元件120的匀光作用，有助于经过匀光元件120后的光束的光斑的亮度分布均匀，在相邻两个发光单元111之间设置遮光单元131，可以防止相邻发光单元111之间的光线发生串扰。
请参阅图11，本申请实施例还提供一种显示装置200，显示装置200包括上述的背光模组100以及显示组件210，显示组件210设于匀光元件120的出射光路。显示装置200可以为HUD辅助驾驶系统、液晶显示器或者其他的显示设备等。HUD辅助驾驶系统可以把重要的信息，映射在风窗玻璃上的全息半镜上，使驾驶员不必低头，就能看清重要的信息，减少安全风险。
背光模组100可以为显示组件210提供光源，使得显示组件210能够显示画面。
在一些实施方式中，如图11所示，显示组件210可以包括显示面板211、反射式偏光增亮膜212以及增亮膜213，显示面板211用于画面显示，显示面板211可以是LCD液晶显示板，反射式偏光增亮膜212以及增亮膜213用于提高整个背光系统的发光效率。增亮膜213、反射式偏光增亮膜212以及显示面板211可以依次叠设于匀光元件120的出射光路。
本实施例提供的显示装置200通过设置背光模组100，由于背光模组100具有匀光和防止相邻发光单元111之间的光线发生串扰的功能，相邻发光单元111在显示组件210的光分布并无串扰，极大地提高了显示装置200对比度，且使得显示装置200的整体显示亮度更加均匀。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前 述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种背光模组，其特征在于，包括：
    包括两个或两个以上发光单元的发光单元阵列，每一所述发光单元包含至少一个发光元件；
    两个或两个以上的匀光元件，所述匀光元件和所述发光单元在位置上一一对应，每一所述匀光元件包括相背的入光面、出光面和散射功能层，所述散射功能层设置于所述入光面和所述出光面中的至少一者；以及
    遮光架，所述遮光架包括多个遮光单元，相邻两个所述发光单元之间设置有至少一个所述遮光单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，每个所述遮光单元包括遮光基板和遮光层，所述遮光层设置于所述遮光基板的表面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述散射功能层为散射微粒层或漫反射面中的一者。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述背光模组还包括两个或两个以上的会聚透镜组，每一所述会聚透镜组与一个所述匀光元件在位置上一一对应，每一所述会聚透镜组设于对应的所述匀光元件的出射光路。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，每个所述发光单元包括发光面，所述遮光单元包括平行相背的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面与所述出光面齐平，所述第二表面与所述发光面齐平。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述匀光元件内设有多个扩散粒子，所述多个扩散粒子聚集于所述匀光元件的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述匀光元件为中空结构，所述匀光元件包括内壁，所述内壁设有反射膜。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述背光模组还包括扩散元件，所述扩散元件设于所述匀光元件的出射光路。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其特征在于，所述匀光元件为锥棒或方棒。
  10. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的背光模组以及显示组件，所述显示组件设于所述匀光元件的出射光路。
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