WO2021075486A1 - Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de combustion et procédé de contrôle de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de combustion et procédé de contrôle de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021075486A1
WO2021075486A1 PCT/JP2020/038876 JP2020038876W WO2021075486A1 WO 2021075486 A1 WO2021075486 A1 WO 2021075486A1 JP 2020038876 W JP2020038876 W JP 2020038876W WO 2021075486 A1 WO2021075486 A1 WO 2021075486A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
waste
flame
grate
drying
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PCT/JP2020/038876
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
達之 下川
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川崎重工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2021075486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021075486A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows

Definitions

  • the present invention mainly relates to a method of evaluating a combustion state in order to appropriately maintain stable combustion in a grate-type incinerator that incinerates waste while transporting it by a grate.
  • the grate-type waste incinerator is divided into a drying section for drying the waste, a combustion section for burning the waste with flame, and a post-combustion section for post-combusting the waste (Oki combustion). There is.
  • a drying section for drying the waste
  • a combustion section for burning the waste with flame
  • a post-combustion section for post-combusting the waste (Oki combustion).
  • the position of the burnout position should be controlled based on the change information of the combustion position and the burnout position where the state change appears after a considerable time delay after the difference between the assumed drying time and the actual drying time occurs. Is difficult in reality, (3) The direction of movement of the combustion start position tends to be the difference between the assumed drying time and the actual drying time (that is, the appropriateness of the progress of waste drying and combustion).
  • an infrared camera is used to acquire a thermal image of waste in a dry portion.
  • a thermal image of a dry portion is acquired by using an infrared camera equipped with a filter for blocking infrared rays emitted by a flame and an infrared camera not equipped with this filter. Then, the upstream end of the region where the temperature difference is detected in the two thermal images is specified as the ignition start region.
  • a visible image of a dry portion is acquired using a visible image camera, and the visible image is analyzed to identify a combustion start position in the dry portion.
  • Patent Document 4 describes that a three-dimensional visible image of a dry portion is created by using a plurality of visible image cameras, and a combustion start position is specified based on a flame appearing in the three-dimensional visible image. Further, in the method of Patent Document 4, the time change of the thickness of the waste and the time change of the surface movement speed are calculated based on the three-dimensional visible image, and the progress of drying is estimated based on these. Is described.
  • Patent Document 1 does not describe a specific method for specifying the combustion start position based on a thermal image.
  • an infrared camera equipped with a filter mainly contains information other than flame (that is, waste), while an infrared camera not equipped with a filter mainly contains information related to flame. Therefore, even if these two thermal images are compared, it is difficult to accurately identify the position where the flame is generated.
  • Patent Documents 3 and 4 the combustion start position is specified only based on the flame appearing in the visible image. However, the combustion start position thus identified does not accurately indicate "the position where the dry state in which drying is progressing is switched to the thermal decomposition state in which thermal decomposition is progressing".
  • Patent Documents 3 and 4 do not describe specifying the combustion start position based on the time change of the thickness and the time change of the surface movement speed.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its main purpose is to accurately evaluate the position where combustion has started in the entire incinerator based on a visible image obtained by using a visible light camera. To provide a method.
  • this combustion condition evaluation method is divided into a drying part, a burning part, and a post-burning part, and incineration provided with a grate for transporting the waste by operating intermittently in a state where the waste is accumulated. Performed on the furnace.
  • This combustion state evaluation method includes a production step, a division step, a flame determination step, a first calculation step, a second calculation step, a third calculation step, a state determination step, and an evaluation step.
  • a plurality of visible light cameras are used to observe the flame and at least the waste deposited on the dry portion, a plurality of visible images having different viewpoints are acquired, and the plurality of visible images are based on the plurality of visible images.
  • the waste of the three-dimensional visible image is mesh-divided into a plurality of elements.
  • the flame determination step it is determined for each element whether or not a flame is generated from the waste based on the three-dimensional visible image.
  • the thickness of the waste and the surface moving speed of the waste are calculated for each of the elements based on the three-dimensional visible image.
  • the thickness elapsed indicating how the thickness of the waste located in the element changed in time series until it was located in the element. Information is calculated for each of the elements.
  • the third calculation step based on the calculation results of the first calculation step and the second calculation step, how the volume flow rate before the waste located in the element is located in the element is in chronological order. Volumetric flow rate progress information indicating whether or not the change has occurred is calculated for each of the above elements.
  • the state determination step the volumetric flow rate progress information is analyzed, and it is determined for each of the elements whether or not the waste is in a combustion startable state indicating a state in which the waste has shifted from a dry state to a thermal decomposition state.
  • the combustion start evaluation position which is an index of the position where combustion has started in the entire incinerator and is a position for evaluating combustion, is specified based on the judgment results of the flame determination step and the state determination step. To do.
  • the combustion start position is evaluated based on both the position where combustion can be started and the position where combustion is determined to have started based on the flame, so that the state of waste and combustion can be more accurately determined. Can be evaluated.
  • the combustion start evaluation position is specified based on how the volumetric flow rate of the waste has changed over time, the combustion start evaluation position can be specified with high reliability.
  • the present invention it is possible to accurately evaluate the position where combustion has started in the entire incinerator based on the visible image obtained by using the visible light camera.
  • Functional block diagram of the incinerator A three-dimensional schematic view of an incinerator showing the mounting position of a visible light camera.
  • the figure explaining the thickness progress information The figure explaining the volume flow rate progress information.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste incinerator 100 including an incinerator 10 for performing the method of the present invention.
  • upstream and downstream mean upstream and downstream in the direction in which waste, combustion gas, exhaust gas, primary air, secondary air, circulating exhaust gas, etc. flow.
  • the waste incineration facility 100 includes an incinerator 10, a boiler 30, and a steam turbine power generation facility 35.
  • the incinerator 10 incinerates the supplied waste.
  • the detailed configuration of the incinerator 10 will be described later.
  • the boiler 30 uses the heat generated by the combustion of waste to generate steam.
  • the boiler 30 generates steam (superheated steam) by exchanging heat between high-temperature combustion gas generated in the furnace and water in a large number of water pipes 31 and superheater pipes 32 provided on the flow path wall.
  • the steam generated in the water pipe 31 and the superheater pipe 32 is supplied to the steam turbine power generation facility 35.
  • the steam turbine power generation facility 35 includes a turbine and a power generation device (not shown).
  • the turbine is rotationally driven by steam supplied from the water pipe 31 and the superheater pipe 32.
  • the power generation device uses the rotational driving force of the turbine to generate electricity.
  • the incinerator 10 is provided with a dust supply device 40 for supplying waste into the furnace.
  • the dust supply device 40 includes a waste input hopper 41 and a dust supply device main body 42.
  • the waste input hopper 41 is a portion where waste is input from outside the furnace.
  • the dust supply device main body 42 is located at the bottom of the waste input hopper 41 and is configured to be movable in the horizontal direction.
  • the dust supply device main body 42 supplies the waste charged into the waste input hopper 41 to the downstream side.
  • the movement speed of the dust supply device main body 42, the number of movements per unit time, the movement amount (stroke), and the position of the stroke end (movement range) are controlled by the control device 90.
  • the dust supply device may be of a type that moves at a slight angle with respect to the horizontal direction.
  • the waste supplied into the furnace by the dust supply device 40 is supplied by the transport unit 20 in the order of the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13.
  • the transport unit 20 is composed of a dry grate 21 provided in the drying unit 11, a combustion grate 22 provided in the combustion unit 12, and a post-combustion grate 23 provided in the post-combustion unit 13. There is. Therefore, the transport unit 20 is composed of a plurality of stages of grate. Each grate is provided on the bottom surface of each part, and waste is placed on it.
  • the grate is composed of a movable grate and a fixed grate arranged side by side in the waste transport direction, and the movable grate operates in the order of forward, stop, reverse, stop, etc. to dispose of waste.
  • the waste can be agitated while being transported to the downstream side.
  • By increasing (decelerating) the operating speed of the movable grate it is possible to increase (decelerate) the transport speed of waste.
  • the stop time of the movable grate it is possible to increase (decelerate) the transport speed of waste.
  • the grate is arranged side by side with a gap large enough for gas to pass through.
  • the drying unit 11 is a portion for drying the waste supplied to the incinerator 10.
  • the waste of the drying unit 11 is dried by the primary air supplied from under the drying grate 21 and the radiant heat of combustion in the adjacent combustion unit 12. At that time, thermal decomposition gas is generated from the waste of the drying portion 11 by thermal decomposition. Further, the waste of the drying unit 11 is conveyed toward the combustion unit 12 by the drying grate 21.
  • the combustion unit 12 is a portion that mainly burns the waste dried in the drying unit 11.
  • the waste mainly causes flame combustion to generate a flame.
  • the waste in the combustion unit 12, the ash generated by combustion, and the unburned material that cannot be completely burned are conveyed toward the post-combustion unit 13 by the combustion grate 22. Further, the combustion gas and the flame generated in the combustion unit 12 pass through the throttle unit 17 and flow toward the post-combustion unit 13.
  • the combustion grate 22 is provided at the same height as the dry grate 21, but may be provided at a position lower than the dry grate 21.
  • the post-combustion unit 13 is a portion that burns the waste (unburned material) that could not be completely burned by the combustion unit 12.
  • the radiant heat of the combustion gas and the primary air promote the combustion of the unburned material that could not be completely burned in the combustion unit 12.
  • most of the unburned matter becomes ash, and the unburned matter decreases.
  • the ash generated in the post-combustion unit 13 is conveyed toward the chute 24 by the post-combustion grate 23 provided on the bottom surface of the post-combustion unit 13.
  • the ash conveyed to the chute 24 is discharged to the outside of the waste incineration facility 100.
  • the rear combustion grate 23 of the present embodiment is provided at a position lower than the combustion grate 22, it may be provided at the same height as the combustion grate 22.
  • each wall surface or the like is configured according to the reaction that occurs.
  • flame combustion occurs in the combustion unit 12
  • a structure having a higher refractory level than the drying unit 11 is adopted.
  • the reburning unit 14 is a part that burns the unburned gas contained in the combustion gas.
  • the re-combustion unit 14 extends upward from the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit 13, and secondary air is supplied in the middle thereof.
  • the combustion gas is mixed and agitated with the secondary air, and the unburned gas contained in the combustion gas is burned in the reburning unit 14.
  • the combustion generated in the combustion unit 12 and the post-combustion unit 13 is referred to as primary combustion
  • the combustion generated in the recombustion unit 14 (that is, the combustion of the unburned gas remaining in the primary combustion) is referred to as secondary combustion.
  • the gas supply device 50 is a device that supplies gas into the furnace.
  • the gas supply device 50 of the present embodiment includes a primary air supply unit 51, a secondary air supply unit 52, and an exhaust gas supply unit 53.
  • Each supply unit is composed of a blower for attracting or sending out gas.
  • the gas supplied for primary combustion is referred to as a primary combustion gas.
  • the primary combustion gas includes primary air, circulating exhaust gas, and a mixed gas thereof.
  • the primary air is air taken in from the outside and is not used for combustion or the like (that is, excluding circulating exhaust gas). Therefore, the primary air also includes a gas obtained by heating the air taken in from the outside.
  • the gas supplied for secondary combustion is referred to as a secondary combustion gas.
  • the secondary combustion gas includes secondary air, circulating exhaust gas, and a mixed gas thereof. The definition of secondary air is similar to that of primary air.
  • the primary air supply unit 51 supplies the primary air into the furnace via the primary air supply path 71.
  • the primary air supply path 71 is branched into a first supply path 71a, a second supply path 71b, and a third supply path 71c.
  • a heater may be provided in the primary air supply path 71 so that the temperature of the primary air supplied to each part can be adjusted.
  • the first supply path 71a is a path for supplying primary air to the drying step air box 25 provided below the drying grate 21.
  • a first damper 81 is provided in the first supply path 71a, and the amount of primary air supplied to the drying stage air box 25 can be adjusted. Further, the first damper 81 is controlled by the control device 90.
  • the second supply path 71b is a path for supplying primary air to the combustion stage air box 26 provided below the combustion grate 22.
  • a second damper 82 is provided in the second supply path 71b, and the amount of primary air supplied to the combustion stage air box 26 can be adjusted. Further, the second damper 82 is controlled by the control device 90.
  • the third supply path 71c is a path for supplying primary air to the post-combustion stage air box 27 provided below the post-combustion grate 23.
  • a third damper 83 is provided in the third supply path 71c, and the amount of primary air supplied to the post-combustion stage air box 27 can be adjusted. Further, the third damper 83 is controlled by the control device 90.
  • the secondary air supply unit 52 supplies the secondary air to the air gas holding space 16 of the incinerator 10 from the upper part (ceiling part) via the secondary air supply path 72, and the combustion gas is generated by the throttle unit 17. Secondary air is supplied to the portion that changes direction (near the throttle portion 17). Further, the secondary air supply path 72 is provided with a fourth damper 84 controlled by the control device 90, and the amount of secondary air supplied to each part can be adjusted.
  • the exhaust gas supply unit 53 supplies (recirculates) the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incineration facility 100 into the furnace via the circulating exhaust gas supply path 73.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incineration facility 100 is purified by a filtration type dust collector 60, and a part of the exhaust gas is incinerated by the exhaust gas supply unit 53 from both side surfaces (front side of the paper surface and the back side of the paper surface) of the combustion unit 12. It is supplied to the furnace 10.
  • the position where the exhaust gas is supplied is not particularly limited.
  • the exhaust gas may be supplied from above (ceiling portion) of the incinerator 10, or may be supplied from only one side surface.
  • the circulating exhaust gas supply path 73 is provided with a fifth damper 85 controlled by the control device 90, and the supply amount of the circulating exhaust gas can be adjusted.
  • the incinerator 10 is provided with a plurality of sensors for grasping the combustion state and the like. Specifically, an incinerator gas temperature sensor 91, an incinerator outlet gas temperature sensor 92, a CO gas concentration sensor 93, a NOx gas concentration sensor 94, and a visible light camera 95 are provided.
  • the gas temperature sensor 91 in the incinerator is arranged in the incinerator 10 (for example, downstream of the air gas holding space 16 and upstream of the post-combustion unit 13), detects the gas temperature in the incinerator, and controls the control device 90. Output to.
  • the incinerator outlet gas temperature sensor 92 is arranged near the outlet of the incinerator 10 (for example, downstream of the reburning unit 14 and upstream of the boiler 30), detects the incinerator outlet gas temperature, and sends it to the control device 90. Output.
  • the CO gas concentration sensor 93 is arranged downstream of the dust collector 60, detects the CO gas concentration contained in the exhaust gas (CO gas concentration discharged from the incinerator), and outputs the CO gas concentration sensor 93 to the control device 90.
  • the NOx gas concentration sensor 94 is arranged downstream of the dust collector 60, detects the NOx gas concentration contained in the exhaust gas (NOx gas concentration discharged from the incinerator), and outputs the NOx gas concentration sensor 94 to the control device 90.
  • two visible light cameras 95 are provided. Each visible light camera 95 has the same structure. Further, three or more visible light cameras 95 may be provided. A plurality of visible light cameras 95 are provided for the purpose of creating a three-dimensional image. Therefore, the relative positions of the plurality of visible light cameras 95 are stored in advance.
  • the visible light camera 95 may be a device whose main purpose is to continuously capture still images at appropriate intervals, or a device whose main purpose is to capture moving images. .. Since a moving image is a plurality of continuous still images, the function of acquiring a visible image is the same regardless of the device.
  • each visible light camera 95 is to acquire a visible image of the flame combustion start position and a visible image of the waste mainly transported through the dry grate 21. Further, the visible light camera 95 is not an infrared camera for detecting temperature and the like, but a camera for acquiring an image of the appearance (color, brightness, etc.) of waste. Therefore, the visible image acquired by the visible light camera 95 is an image showing the color, brightness, and the like in the furnace as seen from the viewpoint of the visible light camera 95. The viewpoint indicates a position where the visible light camera 95, which is a measuring instrument, is arranged.
  • incinerator 10 it is assumed that drying is completed at the downstream end of the drying section 11 to generate pyrolysis gas, and flame combustion is started at the upstream end of the burning section 12. There is. However, depending on the properties of the supplied waste (for example, the amount of water contained in the waste, the flammability of the waste, the amount of oxygen around the waste), flame combustion may start in the middle of the drying portion 11. Flame combustion may not have started even in the middle of the combustion unit 12. The visible image acquired by the visible light camera 95 does not include waste located at the root of the flame because the flame is an obstacle.
  • the imaging ranges of the two visible light cameras 95 include images of the boundary between the drying unit 11 and the combustion unit 12 and the vicinity thereof, respectively. Further, in order to image the waste of the drying portion 11, the imaging range of the two visible light cameras 95 also includes the surface of the waste of the drying portion 11. More specifically, the imaging range of the two visible light cameras 95 of the present embodiment includes the area from the upstream end of the drying unit 11 to the center of the combustion unit 12 in the waste transport direction. The imaging range of the two visible light cameras 95 may be narrower or wider than that of the present embodiment. Further, the visible light camera 95 may have a configuration in which the imaging range of the image can be changed.
  • the visible light camera 95 may be able to change the imaging range without stopping the incinerator 10.
  • the visible light camera 95 is arranged at a position higher than the waste for the purpose of appropriately acquiring an image even when the accumulated amount of the waste is large. Therefore, the visible light camera 95 is arranged so as to be inclined downward. The visible light camera 95 may be arranged without being tilted.
  • the direction perpendicular to the waste transport direction and the vertical direction is referred to as the furnace width direction.
  • the visible light camera 95 acquires an image from the side wall 11a, which is a wall portion formed at the end portion of the drying portion 11 in the furnace width direction.
  • the side wall 11a is provided with two window portions 11b, and the two visible light cameras 95 acquire images through the respective window portions 11b.
  • the window portion 11b is a portion for observing the inside of the furnace.
  • a part of the side wall 11a is opened and the opening is closed with transparent (including translucent) heat-resistant glass or the like. It is a part.
  • Two visible light cameras 95 may be arranged in one window portion 11b. Further, in the present embodiment, the visible light cameras 95 are arranged side by side in the transport direction, but they may be arranged side by side in the vertical direction.
  • two visible light cameras 95 are arranged only on one side wall 11a of the left and right side walls 11a, but even if one or a plurality of visible light cameras 95 are arranged on both side walls 11a, respectively. Good. Further, the visible light camera 95 may be arranged on a wall other than the side wall 11a.
  • the control device 90 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, etc., performs various calculations, and controls the entire waste incineration facility 100.
  • the image processing device 96 is composed of a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, and performs a process (image composition process) of creating a three-dimensional visible image based on the visible images acquired by the two visible light cameras 95. Can be done.
  • the control device 90 and the image processing device 96 are separate hardware, but one piece of hardware may have the functions of both the control device 90 and the image processing device 96.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are flowcharts showing the control performed by the control device 90 to stabilize the combustion.
  • the control device 90 stores a three-dimensional visible image created by the image processing device 96 based on the visible images acquired by a plurality of (two) visible light cameras 95 (S101). Since the process of creating a three-dimensional visible image from a plurality of visible images is a known technique, it will be briefly described. Here, in order to distinguish between the two visible light cameras 95, the first and the second may be added and described.
  • the visible image acquired by the first visible light camera shows the color and shape of the surface of the flame and waste as seen from the position of the first visible light camera. The same applies to the second visible light camera. Then, the specific location A on the surface of the flame or the waste is specified where each of the two visible images is displayed.
  • the distance from the first or second visible light camera to the specific location A of the flame or waste based on the trigonometry or the like. Can be calculated.
  • the position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the flame or the surface of the waste can be specified.
  • the visible image acquired by the visible light camera 95 does not include the waste located at the root of the flame. Therefore, the three-dimensional visible image shows the shape of only a part of the waste in the imaging range, not the whole.
  • the control device 90 mesh-divides the surface of the waste in the three-dimensional visible image into a plurality of elements (division units), and (1) the thickness of the waste and (2) the surface for each element.
  • the movement speed is calculated and stored in association with the control value (S102).
  • the mesh division is to divide the waste of the three-dimensional visible image into a plurality of regions under predetermined conditions.
  • the waste is divided into a grid pattern by drawing a plurality of parallel lines in the transport direction and a plurality of parallel lines in the furnace width direction.
  • the mesh-divided elements are quadrangular, but may have different shapes. The shapes and areas of the plurality of elements may be the same or different. For example, only the parts considered to be important may be finely divided into meshes. Further, since the waste thickness and the surface moving speed are used to correct the control values of the combustion control as described later, these values are referred to as correction data.
  • the thickness of the waste is the length along the vertical direction from the grate to the surface of the waste, as shown in FIG.
  • the position of the surface (upper surface) of the grate is stored in advance in the control device 90 or the like.
  • the position of the surface of the waste can be specified based on the three-dimensional visible image. Therefore, by comparing these two positions (coordinates), the thickness of the waste can be calculated for each element.
  • the distribution of the thickness of waste for each element at a certain time can be calculated based on one three-dimensional visible image. Since the three-dimensional visible images are sequentially created, the thickness of the waste is calculated in the same manner for the newly created three-dimensional visible images. In this way, the control device 90 calculates the thickness of the waste for each element and stores it in a predetermined storage unit in chronological order.
  • the significance of calculating the thickness of waste is as follows. That is, the waste accumulated in the drying portion 11 is dried by evaporating the water contained in the waste as the drying operation (feeding operation) of the drying grate 21 is performed, and the mass is reduced and the volume is also reduced. .. That is, the time change of the thickness of the waste indicates the progress of the drying of the waste, and is a kind of index of the progress of the drying operation.
  • the surface moving speed of waste is the speed at which the surface of waste moves in the transport direction, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, a thick line is drawn on a relatively thick portion for easy understanding, and a state in which this portion moves is shown. Since the shape of the surface of the waste is shown in the three-dimensional visible image, it is possible to obtain how the surface of the waste is moving based on the three-dimensional visible image created in time series. Therefore, the surface movement speed for each mesh-divided element can be calculated based on the movement distance of a specific portion of the surface of the waste, the time interval at which the three-dimensional visible image is acquired, and the like. As described above, the distribution of the surface moving speed of waste for each element can be calculated.
  • the control device 90 calculates the surface moving speed of the waste and stores it in a predetermined storage unit in chronological order.
  • the time change of the moving speed of the waste is the actual speed at which the waste accumulated in the drying portion 11 is sent in the transport direction while reducing the volume by the drying operation (feeding operation) of the drying grate 21. It is an indicator of how waste has been "moved” by the drying operation. Since it is not possible to calculate how the surface other than the surface of the waste moves from the three-dimensional visible image, in the present embodiment, the "surface movement speed of the waste” indicates the "movement speed of the entire waste". Assuming that, the following calculations are performed.
  • the control value is a value changed to control the combustion state of the incinerator 10, and is, for example, the transfer speed of each grate, the supply amount of the primary combustion gas, the supply amount of the secondary combustion gas, and the like. It is a value for determining. The thickness of the waste, the surface moving speed, and the volumetric flow rate described later are affected by this control value. Therefore, in order to perform evaluation and control in consideration of the influence of the control value, the control device 90 stores the thickness of the waste and the surface movement speed in association with the control value set in the incinerator 10.
  • control device 90 determines.
  • the waste thickness and surface movement speed are stored in association with the control values corresponding to the corresponding elements.
  • the control device 90 calculates the thickness progress information for each element based on the thickness of the waste for each element and the surface movement speed, and stores the information in association with the control value (S103).
  • the thickness progress information is information indicating how the thickness changes in time series until the waste located in the element is located in the element.
  • the thickness progress information of each element is schematically shown graphically. As shown in this graph, the thickness progress information is information in which "thickness" and "position in the transport direction with the passage of time" are associated with each other.
  • the thickness progress information is information indicating, for example, the thickness of the waste in the element A at the present time when the waste in the element A was present at the upstream position in the past when the element A is focused on. ..
  • the thickness progress information may be information in which the thickness and the time are associated with each other.
  • the thickness progress information can be calculated as follows, for example. For example, when focusing on a certain element A, the progress of transporting the waste at the position of the element A at the present time (that is, which element was located at which time) is the current state of the element A and the element on the upstream side thereof. It can be calculated based on the past surface movement speed. Further, the thickness of the waste for each element and each time is calculated and stored in step S102. Therefore, the thickness progress information can be calculated by associating the time and elements indicated by the waste transportation progress with the thickness of the waste. In this way, the control device 90 calculates the thickness progress information based on the thickness of the waste and the surface moving speed.
  • control device 90 Since the three-dimensional visible images are sequentially created, new thickness progress information of the waste is calculated by performing the same calculation using the newly created three-dimensional visible images.
  • the control device 90 stores the calculated thickness progress information in a predetermined storage unit in chronological order. The process and the reason for associating the thickness progress information with the control value are the same as in step S102.
  • the thickness progress information reduces the volume of the waste accumulated in the drying portion 11 as it accumulates and passes on the grate by the drying operation (feeding operation) of the drying grate 21. However, it shows the process of being sent in the feeding direction, and is an index of how the volume of waste has been reduced by the drying operation.
  • the control device 90 calculates the volume flow rate progress information for each element based on the surface movement speed and the thickness progress information of the waste for each element, and stores it in association with the control value (S104).
  • the volumetric flow rate progress information is information indicating how the volumetric flow rate has changed in time series until the waste located in the element is located in the element.
  • the volumetric flow rate progress information of each element is schematically shown graphically. As shown in this graph, the volume flow rate progress information is information in which the “volume flow rate” and the “transportation direction position with the passage of time” are associated with each other.
  • the volumetric flow rate progress information is information indicating what kind of volumetric flow rate the waste in the element A at the present time had when it was present at the upstream position in the past, for example, when focusing on the element A.
  • the volume flow rate progress information may be information indicating the correspondence between the volume flow rate and the time.
  • volumetric flow rate is the volume of waste that moves per unit time. Therefore, the volumetric flow rate can be calculated by multiplying the "waste thickness”, “waste surface moving speed”, and “furnace width length", respectively. Further, the furnace width length when calculating the volume flow rate for each element is the furnace width length of each element. Therefore, the volume flow rate progress information is the value obtained by multiplying the "thickness of waste indicated by the thickness progress information" and the "surface movement speed of waste” by combining the elements (positions) and the time, and "the furnace width of each element". It can be calculated by multiplying by "length". In this way, the control device 90 calculates the volume flow rate progress information for each element and stores it in a predetermined storage unit.
  • new volume flow rate progress information of the waste is calculated by performing the same calculation using the newly created three-dimensional visible images.
  • the control device 90 stores the calculated volumetric flow rate progress information in a predetermined storage unit in time series in association with the control value.
  • the process and the reason for associating the volume flow rate progress information with the control value are the same as in step S102.
  • the volumetric flow rate progress information is a function of only the waste thickness and the surface moving speed. In other words, the volumetric flow rate progress information is conceptual information that includes not only the thickness of waste but also the moving speed.
  • the process of multiplying the furnace width length may be omitted. This is because what is required for combustion control is not a specific value of the volumetric flow rate, but a variation mode thereof.
  • the vertical axis of the graph in the upper figure of FIG. 8 is not limited to a specific volume flow rate, and may be a value proportional (correlated) to the volume flow rate.
  • volumetric flow rate progress information indicates the progress of the waste drying, and is a direct index of the degree of progress of the drying operation.
  • drying of the waste progresses and the moisture from the waste evaporates (dry state)
  • the amount of evaporation of the moisture decreases and the internal temperature of the waste layer rises, so that the waste heats up. It shifts to the state where decomposition gas is generated (thermal decomposition state).
  • combustion startable state the state after the transition to the pyrolysis state is referred to as a "combustion startable state". Further, by shifting to the state where combustion can be started, the degree of change in the volume of waste becomes smaller. Therefore, the volumetric flow rate progress information is the most suitable index for evaluating the degree of the state in which combustion can be started.
  • the control device 90 determines whether or not the current state is capable of starting combustion for each element based on the volume flow rate progress information for each element, and stores the determination result (S105).
  • the volumetric flow rate of the waste is greatly reduced at the timing of shifting to the combustion startable state. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not the element is in the combustion start state based on the volume flow rate progress information for each element.
  • a condition for example, a threshold value
  • the visible image acquired by the visible light camera 95 does not include the waste located at the root of the flame. Therefore, it is not possible to calculate the volumetric flow rate progress information for the waste at the position where the flame is generated and the waste in the vicinity thereof.
  • the element in which the combustion can be started can be specified based on the volume flow rate progress information.
  • the element that is ready for combustion can be identified based only on the volume flow rate progress information. It's difficult to do.
  • the control device 90 determines and stores each element whether or not a flame is generated based on the three-dimensional visible image (S106).
  • the control device 90 identifies the position of the flame, for example, based on the difference in color and brightness between the flame and the waste. Then, for each element of the waste, it is determined whether or not a flame is generated from the waste, and the determination result is stored. It is possible to detect the presence or absence of a flame even by using a visible image acquired by one visible light camera 95. However, since it is not possible to accurately determine the position where the flame is generated, it is not possible to determine whether or not the flame is generated for each element. Therefore, it is necessary to make a determination based on a three-dimensional visible image as in the present embodiment.
  • the control device 90 identifies and stores the position where the flame starts (flame generation start position) and the time based on the determination result for each element of whether or not the flame is generated. (S107).
  • the position where the flame starts to be generated is the position of the flame contained in the three-dimensional visible image on the most upstream side in the transport direction (more specifically, the position exists on the surface of the waste in the flame. The position of the part).
  • the element on the most upstream side in the transport direction is specified.
  • the flame generation start position at a certain time is specified.
  • the control device 90 specifies the combustion start evaluation position based on the determination result for each element as to whether or not the combustion start is possible state and the determination result of the flame generation start position (S108). ..
  • the combustion start evaluation position is an index of the position where combustion has started in the incinerator 10 as a whole, and is a position for evaluating combustion. In other words, the combustion start evaluation position is a position that represents "where combustion started" in the entire incinerator 10 in the waste incineration process.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the transport unit 20 viewed in the vertical direction, and each of the squares shown in FIG. 9 is a mesh-divided element. As described above, there are some elements in which the flame is not generated (combustion has not started) even though the combustion can be started. As shown in FIG.
  • the judgment result for each element is comprehensively evaluated to evaluate the combustion start of the incinerator 10 as a whole. Identify the location. In particular, for elements for which the flame is an obstacle and sufficient volume flow rate progress information of the waste product is not obtained, the combustion start evaluation position of the incinerator 10 as a whole is specified by referring to the combustion start position based on the presence or absence of the flame. ..
  • this method uses "volume flow rate progress information" that shows the same behavior even when the properties and mixing ratio of substances with various properties contained in each "lump" of waste change. Since the combustion startable state is determined, the combustion startable state can be determined with high reliability.
  • the combustion start evaluation position indicates a position in the transport direction, but can also be treated as, for example, a straight line or a curved line extending in the furnace width direction.
  • the combustion start evaluation position may exist in the combustion unit 12 instead of the drying unit 11. Even in that case, in order to specify the combustion start evaluation position, it is preferable that the above-mentioned treatments of steps S101 to S108 are performed not only on the drying unit 11 but also on the waste in the combustion unit 12.
  • the control device 90 determines whether or not the combustion start evaluation position has moved to the upstream side based on the time change of the combustion start evaluation position (S109). This determination is made by comparing the combustion start evaluation position calculated in the past with the current combustion start evaluation position. For example, when the amount of water contained in the waste supplied to the incinerator 10 is reduced or the combustible waste is supplied, the waste is dried (and thermally decomposed by drying) in the drying unit 11. The time actually required (actual drying time) is shortened in order to make it (the same applies hereinafter). Therefore, the actual drying time is shorter than the estimated drying time of the waste (difference occurs). In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, since the drying is completed in the middle part of the drying part 11, flame combustion occurs in the middle part of the drying part 11 (the combustion start position moves to the upstream side).
  • the control device 90 basically determines that the combustion start evaluation position has moved to the upstream side (in the case of Yes in S109), the waste of the dry grate 21.
  • the transport speed (hereinafter, simply the transport speed) is increased (S110).
  • the operating speed of the movable grate of the dry grate 21 is increased, or in lieu of or in addition, the downtime of the movable grate of the dry grate 21 is increased. To shorten. This makes it possible to prevent the positions of drying, burning, and post-combustion on the grate from moving to the upstream side. Therefore, since the burnout position can be contained in an appropriate range, stable combustion can be maintained.
  • the operating speed or stop time of the movable grate is an example of a control value in controlling the transport speed.
  • step S110 when performing correction based on the correction data, at least one of the time change of the thickness of the waste and the time change of the moving speed of the surface of the waste is used. Make corrections.
  • the actual drying time is even shorter than the assumed drying time. Therefore, it may be preferable to further increase the transport speed. Further, since the moving speed of the surface of the waste is information on the current transport speed of the waste, it is preferable to change the transport speed of the dry grate 21 in consideration of these values.
  • the drying and combustion generated in the incinerator 10 greatly differs depending on the shape and structure of the incinerator 10 and the waste to be input.
  • the target state differs greatly depending on the required processing amount, the durability of the incinerator 10, the laws and regulations regarding exhaust gas, and the like. Therefore, even if the combustion start evaluation position is moved to the upstream side, it is conceivable that the control for increasing the transport speed is not performed. Similarly, with respect to the correction of the transport speed based on the correction data, there is a possibility that the correction opposite to the above is performed.
  • control device 90 is not limited to the correction data as well as whether or not the combustion start evaluation position is moved to the upstream side and the degree of the necessity and degree of increase in the transport speed of the dry grate 21. It is preferable to determine based on the detection data (for example, the detection data from the incinerator gas temperature sensor 91 to the NOx gas concentration sensor 94 and the like).
  • the actual drying time for drying the waste in the drying unit 11 is increased. become longer. Therefore, the actual drying time is longer than the assumed drying time of the waste that is assumed in advance (difference occurs).
  • the drying since the drying is not completed even at the downstream end of the drying unit 11, flame combustion starts in the middle of the combustion unit 12 (the combustion start position moves to the downstream side). ) Will be.
  • the control device 90 basically determines the transport speed of the dry grate 21 when it is determined that the combustion start evaluation position is moving to the downstream side (Yes in S111). Decelerate (S112). As described above, in order to reduce the transport speed, the operating speed of the movable grate of the dry grate 21 is reduced, or in place of or in addition, the stop time of the movable grate of the dry grate 21 is lengthened. To do. This makes it possible to prevent the positions of drying, burning, and post-combustion on the grate from moving to the downstream side. Therefore, the combustion start position and the burnout position can be kept in an appropriate range, so that stable combustion can be maintained.
  • the transport speed is reduced, it is preferable to perform the correction based on the correction data for the same reason as described above.
  • the correction of the transport speed based on the correction data may be performed in the opposite direction to the above depending on the environment and other conditions.
  • the control device 90 is the waste that is the cause of the change in the transfer speed of the dry grate 21.
  • the transport speeds of the combustion grate 22 and the post-combustion grate 23 are changed according to the state of change in the properties of the above (S113).
  • the control device 90 detects not only the amount of change in the transfer speed of the dry grate 21 but also other detections regarding whether or not the transfer speed of the combustion grate 22 and the post-combustion grate 23 needs to be changed and the amount to be changed. It is preferable to make a decision based on the data.
  • the transport speed of the combustion grate 22 and the post-combustion grate 23 it is preferable to perform the correction based on the correction data for the same reason as described above.
  • the waste existing in the dry grate 21 is transferred to the post-combustion grate 23.
  • the time lag until arrival in other words, the difference in the properties of waste in each part
  • the drying time in the drying part 11 the burning time in the burning part 12, and the post-burning time in the post-burning part 13. It may be preferable to perform control different from the above for reasons such as being unable to say.
  • the control device 90 uses at least one of the first damper 81 to the fifth damper 85 according to the state of the change in the properties of the waste that is the cause of the change in the transport speed of the drying grate 21.
  • the supply amounts of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are adjusted (S114). That is, the opening degree of the first damper 81 to the fifth damper 85 is an example of the control value.
  • the supply amounts of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are adjusted by using the detection data of the NOx gas concentration sensor 94 from the gas temperature sensor 91 in the incinerator.
  • the primary combustion gas and the primary combustion gas are based on the moving direction of the combustion start evaluation position (whether it is moving to the upstream side or the downstream side). Adjust the supply amount of secondary combustion gas.
  • the combustion start evaluation position is moved to the upstream side and the transport speed of each grate is increased, it is generally generated per hour of pyrolysis gas, although it is related to the properties of waste.
  • the amount of primary combustion gas including unburned gas such as CO
  • the amount of pyrolysis gas generated per hour is generally related to the properties of waste. And the amount of primary combustion gas generated per hour due to the primary combustion is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the supply amount of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas.
  • primary air which is one of the primary combustion gases
  • the primary air is used not only for drying in the drying unit 11 but also for combustion in the combustion unit 12, so if it is preferable to shorten the actual drying time, the primary air It may be preferable to increase the supply of.
  • the primary air since the primary air is also used for combustion in the combustion unit 12, such correction may not be performed.
  • control device 90 performs the processing of step S101 and subsequent steps again after the case of No in step S112 and the processing of step S114.
  • the control device 90 performs the processing of step S101 and subsequent steps again after the case of No in step S112 and the processing of step S114.
  • the combustion condition evaluation method of the present embodiment is divided into a drying unit 11, a combustion unit 12, and a post-combustion unit 13, and operates intermittently in a state where waste is accumulated. This is done for an incinerator 10 having a grate for transporting the waste.
  • This combustion state evaluation method includes a production step, a division step, a flame determination step, a first calculation step, a second calculation step, a third calculation step, a state determination step, and an evaluation step.
  • a plurality of visible light cameras 95 are used to observe the flame and at least the waste deposited on the dry portion 11, and a plurality of visible images having different viewpoints are acquired, and based on the plurality of visible images, the plurality of visible images are obtained.
  • the waste of the three-dimensional visible image is mesh-divided into a plurality of elements.
  • the flame determination step it is determined for each element whether or not a flame is generated from the waste based on the three-dimensional visible image.
  • the thickness of the waste and the surface movement speed of the waste are calculated for each element based on the three-dimensional visible image.
  • the element includes thickness progress information indicating how the thickness of the waste located in the element changes in time series until it is located in the element. Calculated for each.
  • the third calculation step based on the calculation results of the first calculation step and the second calculation step, it is shown how the volume flow rate changes in time series until the waste located in the element is located in the element.
  • Volumetric flow rate progress information is calculated for each element.
  • the state determination step the volumetric flow rate progress information is analyzed, and it is determined for each element whether or not the waste is in a combustion startable state indicating a state in which the waste has shifted from the dry state to the thermal decomposition state.
  • the combustion start evaluation position which is an index of the position where combustion is started in the incinerator 10 as a whole and is a position for evaluating combustion, is specified based on the judgment results of the flame determination step and the state determination step.
  • the combustion start position is evaluated based on both the position where combustion can be started and the position where combustion is determined to have started based on the flame, so that the state of waste and combustion can be more accurately determined. Can be evaluated.
  • the combustion start evaluation position is specified based on how the volumetric flow rate of the waste has changed over time, the combustion start evaluation position can be specified with high reliability.
  • the combustion condition evaluation method of the present embodiment in the flame determination step, among the elements in which the flame is generated from the waste, the position of the element located on the most upstream side in the waste transport direction is set as the flame generation start position. Identify as.
  • the combustion start evaluation position is specified based on the judgment result of the flame generation start position and the state determination step.
  • the dry grate 21 controls to increase the transport speed of the waste. ..
  • the dry grate 21 controls to reduce the transport speed of the waste.
  • the difference between the assumed drying time and the actual drying time can be reduced, so that the progress of drying and burning of the waste can be made more appropriate.
  • the burnout position can be kept within an appropriate range, and stable combustion can be maintained.
  • the waste transport speed by the dry grate 21 is based on at least one of the waste thickness and the surface movement speed of the waste calculated in the first calculation step.
  • the control value for shifting the speed is corrected.
  • control value can be corrected by using the information on the properties of the waste actually in the drying unit 11 in addition to the combustion start evaluation position, so that the waste actually in the drying unit 11 is used as compared with the case where the correction is not performed. A consistent and stable combustion can be maintained.
  • the transport speed of the dry grate 21 is changed, and the combustion fire is changed according to the state of the change in the properties of the waste that is the cause of the change in the transport speed of the dry grate 21.
  • the transport speed of the grate of the grate 22 and the post-combustion grate 23 is changed.
  • the drying unit 11, the combustion unit 12, and the post-combustion unit are based on whether the combustion start evaluation position is moved to the upstream side in the transport direction or the downstream side in the transport direction.
  • the amount of primary combustion gas supplied to at least one of 13 is adjusted.
  • the primary combustion performed in the drying section 11, the combustion section 12, and the post-combustion section 13 and the primary combustion gas containing the unburned gas generated in the primary combustion are included.
  • Secondary combustion, which burns, is performed. The supply amount of the secondary combustion gas is adjusted based on whether the combustion start evaluation position is moved to the upstream side in the transport direction or the downstream side in the transport direction.
  • the progress of primary combustion (that is, the amount of primary combustion gas generated, etc.) can be estimated based on the moving direction of the combustion start evaluation position, and the supply amount of secondary combustion gas is adjusted accordingly.
  • the unburned gas contained in the primary combustion gas can be sufficiently burned in the secondary combustion.
  • the control device 90 displays a three-dimensional visible image of a part of the drying unit 11 in the transport direction (for example, a portion excluding the upstream end and its vicinity, or a portion downstream from the center of the transport direction). It may be a configuration to be created.
  • the transport speed from the dry grate 21 to the post-combustion grate 23 (particularly the dry grate 21) and the supply of the primary combustion gas and the secondary combustion gas are based on the moving direction of the flame combustion evaluation position.
  • the process of changing the amount and is performed the process of changing these values may be performed by using the moving speed in addition to the moving direction of the combustion start evaluation position.
  • step S111 correction based on the correction data may be performed on only one of the combustion grate 22 and the post-combustion grate 23, not both.
  • combustion control may be performed by omitting at least one detection data, or combustion control may be performed by adding detection data different from the above.
  • detection data for example, the amount of boiler evaporation associated with the recovery of heat from the exhaust gas, or the amount of water for water spray cooling when cooling by water spray can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'évaluation d'un état de combustion incluant une étape de création, une étape de division, une étape de détermination de flamme, des première à troisième étapes de calcul, une étape de détermination d'état et une étape d'évaluation. Dans l'étape de création, une image visible 3D d'une flamme et de déchets dans une partie sèche est créée. Dans l'étape de division, les déchets dans l'image visible 3D sont divisés par maillage en une pluralité d'éléments. Dans l'étape de détermination de flamme, il est déterminé pour chacun des éléments si une flamme a été générée à partir des déchets Dans les première à troisième étapes de calcul, l'épaisseur des déchets, la vitesse de déplacement de surface des déchets, des informations de progression d'épaisseur et des informations de progression de débit volumétrique sont calculées pour chacun des éléments. Dans l'étape de détermination d'état, les informations de progression de débit volumétrique sont analysées pour déterminer, pour chacun des éléments, si les déchets sont dans un état de démarrage de combustion. Dans l'étape d'évaluation, une position évaluée de début de combustion est identifiée sur la base de résultats de détermination provenant de l'étape de détermination de flamme et de l'étape de détermination d'état.
PCT/JP2020/038876 2019-10-18 2020-10-15 Procédé d'évaluation d'un état de combustion et procédé de contrôle de combustion WO2021075486A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019052822A (ja) * 2017-09-19 2019-04-04 川崎重工業株式会社 炉内状況判定方法、燃焼制御方法、及び廃棄物焼却炉
JP6543389B1 (ja) * 2018-06-19 2019-07-10 川崎重工業株式会社 炉内状況判定方法及び燃焼制御方法
JP2019178849A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物焼却方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019052822A (ja) * 2017-09-19 2019-04-04 川崎重工業株式会社 炉内状況判定方法、燃焼制御方法、及び廃棄物焼却炉
JP2019178849A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物焼却方法
JP6543389B1 (ja) * 2018-06-19 2019-07-10 川崎重工業株式会社 炉内状況判定方法及び燃焼制御方法

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